Treibjagd Auf Bambi Hollywood Sehnt Sich Angesichts Schwindender Zuschauerzahlen Nach Berechenbaren Kassenerfolgen

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Treibjagd Auf Bambi Hollywood Sehnt Sich Angesichts Schwindender Zuschauerzahlen Nach Berechenbaren Kassenerfolgen Medien FILMINDUSTRIE Treibjagd auf Bambi Hollywood sehnt sich angesichts schwindender Zuschauerzahlen nach berechenbaren Kassenerfolgen. Das Rezept: computeranimierte Trickfilme. Nach den Erfolgen von „Shrek“ bis „Findet Nemo“ rollt nächstes Jahr eine wahre Welle neuer Produktionen an. Kalifornien eingeflogen kam. Jahrelang Geffen traute sich den Kampf der Kreati- fühlten sie sich dort als technikfixierte Pro- ven gegen das Kapital nicht länger zu. grammierer verkannt. Jetzt hängt ihr Werk Ein eigenes Medienimperium sollte nur wenige Schritte von Picassos „Les De- DreamWorks werden, mit Filmstudio, Plat- moiselles d’Avignon“ entfernt und wird als tenkonzern, Videospielproduktion und In- „herausragende Kunst“ gefeiert. Mit ihrer ternet-Angeboten. Doch die Erwartungen Arbeit hätten die Pixar-Programmierer haben sich nicht erfüllt. Ein Konzernteil „das Zeichentrick-Genre neu erfunden“, nach dem anderen wurde abgestoßen. schwärmen die Kuratoren. Zum Schluss blieb nur noch das Film- Es geht nicht nur um Prestige. Es geht geschäft – mit einem US-Umsatz von rund um viel Geld. Die ganze Filmbranche ist 500 Millionen Dollar abgeschlagen auf derzeit elektrisiert von den wachsenden Platz sieben der Studio-Rangliste. Mona- Milliardenumsätzen im digitalen Trick- telang hatte NBC Universal mit Geffen und filmgeschäft. Konsequent stellen dessen seinen Partnern um eine Übernahme ge- Manager ihr Geschäft neu auf, allen voran feilscht. Doch in letzter Minute bekam die die großen drei des Gewerbes. Paramount-Mutter Viacom den Zuschlag. Erst vorige Woche hat sich DreamWorks Konzernchef Tom Freston legte binnen we- Animation („Shrek“) mit dem bald hun- niger Tage unterschriftsreife Verträge vor. JOHN MARSHALL MANTEL / AP MANTEL JOHN MARSHALL dert Jahre alten Paramount-Studio als Part- Stolze 1,6 Milliarden Dollar ist Viacom DreamWorks-Gründer*: Alles verändern ner verbündet. Steve Jobs, im Hauptberuf der Einstieg bei DreamWorks wert. Dafür Apple-Chef, möchte noch vor Jahresende soll das Studio ab sofort gerade mal vier über die Zukunft von Pixar entscheiden – bis sechs Filme pro Jahr zum Paramount- Die erfolgreichsten computer- ein Verkauf an Disney ist an der Wall Street Portfolio beitragen. Die lukrative Dream- animierten Trickfilme das momentan heißeste Gerücht. Und Dis- Works-Bibliothek („Gladiator“) wird gleich Kino- ney selbst will künftig allein mit digitaler an Investoren weiterverkauft, um die Über- Angaben in Millionen Dollar Produktions- erlöse Technik sein Comeback versuchen. Sein nahme zu finanzieren. Quelle: Box Office Mojo kosten weltweit letztes klassisches Zeichenstudio wird Mit- Trotzdem können die Viacom-Manager te nächsten Jahres geschlossen. ihr Glück kaum fassen und schwärmen von Shrek 2 DreamWorks, 2004 70 921 Richard Cook, Chef des Traditionsstu- einem „alles verändernden Deal“ – nicht dios, kennt nur ein Wort für den jüngsten nur, weil sie mit Spielberg den weltweit Findet Nemo Pixar, 2003 94 865 Wachstumsmarkt: „astronomisch“. Hol- erfolgreichsten Regisseur als Partner ge- lywood steckt in der Krise, die Zuschauer wonnen haben. Gemeint ist auch das seit Die Unglaublichen Pixar, 2004 92 631 bleiben fern. Aber die Animationsbranche gut einem Jahr börsennotierte Trickfilm- boomt. geschäft, bei dem Spielberg, Katzenberg Madagascar DreamWorks, 2005 90 526 Fast 70 Jahre nach Walt Disneys gezeich- und Geffen ihre Anteile weiter halten. netem Sensationserfolg „Schneewittchen 2,5 Milliarden Dollar hat DreamWorks Die Monster AG Pixar, 2001 115 525 und die sieben Zwerge“ haben Trickfilme Animation mit seinen bislang fünf Com- das Kino erneut revolutioniert; diesmal puterfilmen im Kino verdient. Mit den jetzt dank modernster Computertechnik. Ge- erworbenen Vertriebsrechten dürfte Via- n Kinderzimmern weltweit ist Sullivan, pixelte Traumwelten wie „Shrek 2“, „Die com mehrere hundert Millionen Dollar ein- das freundliche Ungetüm aus „Monster Unglaublichen“ und zuletzt „Madagascar“ nehmen. Außerdem sollen die per Maus- IAG“, schon lange ein Star. Seit voriger gehörten in den vergangenen zwei Jahren klick entworfenen Stars fortan auch TV- Woche begeistert die Trickfilmfigur aus den zu den letzten verlässlichen Kassenschla- Serien konzerneigener Sender wie MTV Pixar-Studios ein völlig neues Publikum – gern in Hollywood. Den Studios spielen sol- und Nickelodeon bevölkern. im New Yorker Museum of Modern Art. che Werke regelmäßig dreistellige Millio- Die Aussichten sind bestens, denn das Comics als Kunst? Auf drei Etagen sind nensummen ein. Bei „Shrek 2“ waren es Geschäft mit „Nemo“, „Shrek“ & Co. steht Sullivan und seine Kollegen aus Filmen 921 Millionen Dollar (siehe Grafik). erst am Anfang. Allein bei Disney haben in wie „Toy Story“ und „Findet Nemo“ als Die bonbonfarbenen Animationswelten den neunziger Jahren noch 2200 Künstler Zeichnungen und Skulpturen zu sehen. sollen dem unberechenbar gewordenen Szene für Szene an ihren Pulten von Hand Die Ausstellung ist ein Ritterschlag für Filmgeschäft neue Horizonte schenken. gezeichnet. Dabei war es mit der bambi- Pixar-Mitgründer Steve Jobs, der zur Ver- Das hat auch der vergangene Woche be- haften Idylle zu dieser Zeit längst zu Ende. nissage mit Hunderten Mitarbeitern aus siegelte Verkauf von DreamWorks gezeigt. Mit Pixar und DreamWorks drängten Selbst das Trio aus Regisseur Steven Spiel- junge Angreifer auf den Markt. Ihre Trick- * David Geffen, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Steven Spielberg 2004 berg, Ex-Disney-Studiochef Jeffrey Kat- filme glänzen durch neue Technik, unge- beim Börsengang von DreamWorks Animation in New York. zenberg und Entertainment-Größe David kannte Perspektiven sowie unkonventio- 98 der spiegel 51/2005 nelle und mitunter sarkastische Geschich- ten, die Kindern wie Eltern gleichermaßen Spaß bereiten – sehr zum Verdruss man- cher Feuilletons. Das neue Genre sei „lau- ter und derber, drastischer und dreckiger“, bemerkte kürzlich die „Süddeutsche Zei- tung“ erregt. Die Unterwasserwelt in „Fin- det Nemo“ etwa sei „von der Verlotterung der Sitten gezeichnet“. Doch dem Publikum gefällt’s. Selbst Dis- ney, das dem neuen Trend jahrelang so störrisch wie erfolglos mit konventioneller Zeichentrickware begegnete, hat verstan- den: „Der Kinogeschmack von Familien hat sich verändert“, sagt Disneys neuer Animationschef David Stainton. „Aber wir sind auf der Stelle getreten.“ COURTESY OF DREAMWORKS PICTURES OF DREAMWORKS COURTESY Seit 1995 „Toy Story“ mit der neuen DreamWorks-Produktion „Shrek 2“: 921 Millionen Dollar eingespielt Technik den Anfang machte, ist zwar bis- her nur ein Dutzend computeranimierter Werke in die Kinos gekommen. Doch weil parallel zur Nachfrage auch die Rechner- kapazitäten wachsen, wird sich der Aus- stoß bald vervielfachen. Allein für 2006 sind sechs Premieren angekündigt. Fast je- des der großen Hollywood-Studios hat in- zwischen eine Trickabteilung gegründet und drängt nun schnellstmöglich mit eige- nen Produktionen auf den Markt. Zwar warnen Kritiker schon vor einer Inflation künstlicher Tierwelten im Kino – und vor dem daraus resultierenden Rea- litätsverlust junger Zuschauer, die manche Tiere nur noch von der Leinwand kennen. So sollen etliche Kinder nach dem Vorbild von „Findet Nemo“ Fische aus dem eige- nen Aquarium in die Toilette gespült ha- ben. Sie glaubten, ihnen damit die Frei- heit zu schenken. Geändert hat das nichts. DreamWorks folgt demnächst einer Ratte in die Londo- ner Kanalisation („Flushed away“), Sony feiert die Freundschaft zwischen einem Hirsch und einem Grizzlybär („Open Sea- AP son“), und Disney machte gerade erst ein Pixar-Film „Findet Nemo“: „Verlotterung der Sitten“? Hühnchen zum Star („Chicken Little“). Außerdem stehen noch ein Waschbär, eine Schildkröte, mal wieder eine Ameise und schließlich eine weitere Ratte (diesmal in einem Pariser Nobelrestaurant) auf dem Programm. Die außerordentliche Tierliebe der Stu- diobosse hat freilich nicht nur mit ihrem feinen Gespür für Kinderträume zu tun, sondern auch mit den Grenzen der Com- putertechnik. Trickfilmmenschen am Bild- schirm zu bauen, ist nach wie vor das auf- wendigste und teuerste Unterfangen. Geschätzte 165 Millionen Dollar ver- schlang der bislang teuerste Trickfilm, „Der Polarexpress“, in dem statt optisch anspruchsloserer Ameisen und Ratten ein Junge, ein Schaffner und der Weihnachts- mann die Hauptrollen spielten. Wenn’s menscheln soll, wird’s besonders teuer. Der Aufwand im Trickgeschäft ist gene- rell groß, doch meistens zahlt er sich aus. CINETEXT Durchschnittlich gut 180 Millionen Dollar Kassenschlager „Die Monster AG“: Von der Leinwand ins Museum of Modern Art spielen Animationsfilme an der US-Kino- der spiegel 51/2005 99 kasse ein, die Produktionskosten liegen entspricht sein Aufstieg nicht gerade der momentan in der Regel bei 70 Millionen PRESSE klassischen Karriere eines Verlegers. Der Dollar. Jungunternehmer, dessen vier Titel zu- Eineinhalb Jahre lang, sieben Tage die Engel mit sammen pro Ausgabe an die 200000 Käufer Woche, rund um die Uhr rechneten die finden, baut derzeit von Berlin aus parallel DreamWorks-Computer, dann erst hatten auch noch einen Versandhandel und eine sie die vielen vorbereiteten Einzelteile von russischer Seele Handelskette für osteuropäische Waren auf. „Madagascar“ zusammengebaut. Es hat In seiner wechselreichen Laufbahn betrieb sich gelohnt: An den Kinokassen landete Ein Verleger, der einst er früher schon Geschäfte mit Apfelsinen, der Film 2005 nach letztem Stand auf Platz war in Transnistrien als Bankier tätig und vier – nur geschlagen von „Star Wars“, in Transnistrien und Sibirien diente als Vizegouverneur von General „Harry Potter“
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