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Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Lake Victoria Basin

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Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Lake Victoria Basin EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY Logo E LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION REGIONAL TRANSBOUNDARY DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE LAKE VICTORIA BASIN March 2007 EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY REGIONAL TRANSBOUNDARY DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE LAKE VICTORIA BASIN Lake Victoria Basin Commission P.O. Box 1510 Kisumu, Kenya Tel: +254 57 2026344 Fax: +254 57 2026324 Email: [email protected] Website: www.eac.int ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is as a result of concerted efforts from various stakeholders within and outside of the Lake Victoria Basin. The members of the Regional Policy Steering Committee (RPSC) offered invaluable intellectual leadership in the drafting and finalization of the report. Their comments at both the national and regional levels are highly appreciated. The support from the East African Community (EAC) Secretariat continuously inspired the preparation process. We are heavily indebted to the East African Partner States (Republics of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda), the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), the World Bank and the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida) Lake Victoria Initiative for facilitating this process through generous financial support. Besides the preparation of this document, the financial resources from the Partner States and the development partners supported the preparation of National Transboundary Diagnosis Analyses (NTDA) and consultative fora through which various stakeholders shared information and agreed on the key interventions among other issues. In addition, the various riparian communities who are the primary custodians of the Basin’s natural resources endowment played a key role in providing the required data and information on various aspects on environmental challenges, development prospects and the way forward in respect to reversing environmental degradation trends. These communities’ investment in this process during data and information collection stages and various discussion fora is therefore highly valued. Finally, the Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) appreciates the contributions made by the Regional Technical Reviewers, the Focal Point Officers, the National Coordinators and consultants who participated in the preparation of the report whom we may not mention individually. Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the Lake Victoria Basin ii MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO THE RTDA PROCESS Republic of Burundi Mr Gabriel Hakizimana, National LVEMP II Coordinator Prof. Jean-Baptiste Bahama, University of Lake Tanganyika, National Consultant for TDA Mr Nzeyimana, Chief of Cabinet, Ministry of Lands and Environment Republic of Kenya Mr Samuel Gichere, National Focal Point Officer for LVB Dr Hezron Mogaka, National LVEMP II Coordinator Dr Stephen Njoka, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Technical Reviewer Dr Obiero Ong’ang’a, OSIENALA (Friends of Lake Victoria), Regional Technical Reviewer Dr Kenneth Ondimu, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Regional Technical Reviewer Mr Peres Wenje, HEMNET, Regional Technical Reviewer Republic of Rwanda Mr Theobald Mashinga, National LVEMP II Coordinator Mr Joseph Rwabutogo, Ag Director, Ministry of Lands, Environment, Tourism and Mines Mr Charles Bakwatsa-Mwesigye, National TDA Consultant United Republic of Tanzania Mr Stanley Matowo, National Focal Point Officer for LVB Dr Raymond Mngodo, National LVEMP II Coordinator Dr Kassim Kulindwa, Economic Research Bureau, Regional Technical Reviewer Mr Said Mbwana, Regional Technical Reviewer Mr Jimmy Luhende, Mwanza Press Club, Regional Technical Reviewer Mr Peter Chisara, National Environment Management Council (NEMC), Regional Technical Reviewer Republic of Uganda Mr Joel Richard Okonga, National Focal Point Officer for LVB Mr Lino Musana, National LVEMP II Coordinator Mr John Wambedde, Regional Technical Reviewer Dr John Balirwa, Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FIRRI), Regional Technical Reviewer Mr Otuba Andrew, Environmental Journalist Association of Uganda (EJAU), Regional Technical Reviewer Mr Okurut Emmanuel, Lakes Link, Regional Technical Reviewer Regional Task Force Team Dr Richard Abila, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, National TDA Consultant Kenya Mr Keizire Boaz Blackie, Economist, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries, Uganda Mr Said Mbwana, Regional Technical Reviewer Lake Victoria Basin Commission Dr Tom O Okurut, Executive Secretary, LVBC Mr Meraji O. Y. Msuya, Deputy Executive Secretary, LVBC Dr Rose Mugidde, Regional Project Coordinator (LVEMP II), LVBC Ms Hawa Sekela Msham, Operations Officer (LVEMP II TDA/SAP Desk Officer), LVBC, Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the Lake Victoria Basin iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................................................. ii MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO THE RTDA PROCESS .....................................................................................................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................................................vii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................................................viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................................................viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... x SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Objectives............................................................................................................................2 1.3 Methodological Tools Applied..............................................................................................2 1.3.1 The Global International Waters Assessment methodology ................................................3 1.3.2 Pair Wise Ranking methodology..........................................................................................3 1.4 Preparation of the Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis........................................3 1.4.1 Identification of Major Perceived Problems and Issues .......................................................4 1.4.2 Prioritization of Major Perceived Problems and Mitigations.................................................4 1.4.3 Causal-effect-chain analysis................................................................................................5 SECTION TWO: STATUS OF THE BASIN........................................................................................................................ 6 2.1. Geographical Characteristics ..............................................................................................6 2.1.1 Basin Area...........................................................................................................................6 2.1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................7 2.1.3 Geology, Land forms and Soils ...........................................................................................9 2.1.4 Drainage patterns..............................................................................................................10 2.2 Social Profile .....................................................................................................................12 2.2.1 Demography......................................................................................................................12 2.2.2 Social Development and Living Conditions .......................................................................13 2.2.3 Basin Water Supply and Sanitation ...................................................................................16 2.2.4 Health Status.....................................................................................................................16 2.2.5 Disaster Preparedness and Management .........................................................................17 2.3. The Basin Economy ..........................................................................................................18 2.3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................18 2.3.2 Productive Sectors ............................................................................................................18 2.3.2.1 Water Resources...............................................................................................................18 2.3.2.2 Fisheries............................................................................................................................18
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