(((() SONGKHLA OLD TOWN RENOVATION PLAN
2 Research Project
Literature review
Site examination
Cultural landscape Interpretation work Natural sites
Architectural heritage Conservation work
Foodscape Collecting data from sources Story telling Interviewing Housing +Tourism
Tradition Historic town Monitoring
3 The historic background of Songkhla.
1.Singora
2.Songkhla Lam Son
3.Songkhla Boi Yang
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4 Singora: The early settlement of Songkhla
• In 1350, Songkhla’s name appeared in Sriayuttaya kingdoms. It was one of the 16 colonial cities of Sriayuttaya at that time.
• The fast winder of international trading and the cruel piracy in Java had reflected in Songkhla development in infrastructure work and the town protection system, emphasis the protection system with 17 cannon towers along the Dang mount and two cannon bases in the sea, the city wall and city moat were built here.
5 Singora : The early settlement of Songkhla
Dato Molgun, the 1st King of Singora
The Dato Molgun cemetery at Singora where near by Songkhla.
6 Songkhla “Lam-Son”: The town before Songkhla today
The local Thais in the early • After Singora was completely period destroyed in 1680, the people had been separated in three groups, The Thai style house one moved to Ayuttaya, one in the early period moved to Chiya province and the last group lived nearby the old area, Lam-Son village. Because this town had no plan to be a town in the beginning, there was no surveying or any preparing. There was just the place to escape after war time, then the town was built with contemporary materials and had no town planning design.
7 Songkhla “Boi -Yang”: The present settlement
The Songkhla Boi-Yang perspective sketched by H.Warring Smyth
Songkhla Boi-Yang is the name of last town of Songkhla three empires. Yeang How had developed Boi-Yang followed Chinese architectural style. The old fort at Singora was demolished and the red rocks were taken to rebuild the Boi-Yang city wall and fort. Yeang How spent many years to create the new port town. Begin with the construction of the city wall which was 1,200 meters long with ten city gates. After the city wall had finished in 1836, another buildings, temples, governor house, city shrine and housing were also completed. The new Songkhla Boi-Yang was celebrated at the city shrine in 1843 and this town was officially named as Songkhla Boi-Yang. 8 The Songkhlakiean in the early settlement
Local Chinese Local Thais Local Muslim
9 10
N map. Songkhla
Photography from Google Earth. Earth. Google from Photography The
Songkhla The Lake view at the West side. The Beach front view at the East side. the East at view side. The Beach front West the at view Lake The 11 12 13 14 The Tang Kuan hill and Noi hill 15 Songkhla lake basin at the West side
Samila beach at East side
Old town district
New town district
Tang-Kuan Hill.
16 17 18 User
19 Local Thais Local Muslim
The X&Y Generation in Songkhla today
• Today, Songkhla town becomes more complex because of its own function-- the fishing port, the government center, the education center, a tourist destinations and an oil company base. These new functions have an effect on an increasing numbers of temporary populations who are young and sometimes are people of mixed races between Thai and foreigners. Most young workers have high education, high income and also different life styles. Today, some of them start to settle down and have their own house and become the new Songkhla population.
20 The ratio between Thais and foreign tourists in Songkhla
600000 546332 525381 500000
400000
301326 289770 300000
200000
100000
0 Thai Foreigners 2007 2008
21 User Need
22 Cultural landscape in the old town of Songkhla
Natural Environment Cultural places A1 Nu Island B1 Stupa at the top of Tang Kuan hill A2 Maew Island B2 Machimavas Temple A3 Yor Island B3 City pillar shrine A4 Noi hill B4 Chinese Shrines A5 Tang Kuan hill B5 Mosque at Muslim district A6 Samila beach B6 Sacred sculpture A7 Chalatas beach B7 Stone inscription written in three A8 Son on beach languages, Thai, Chinese and Arabic A9 Waterfront at lakeside A10 Waterfront A11 Mermaid sculpture A12 Songkhla Lake mouth A13 Waterfront at Nakorn nork A14 Boat trip
23 Cultural landscape in the old town of Songkhla
Cultural places C1 Nakorn-nork, Nakorn-nai,the Architectural heritage district. C2 Nang-ngam road C3 Old governor mansion C4 Old city wall C5 Sunday market C6 Chinese opera theater C7 Hub Ho Hin, the rice mill C8 Japanese spy’s house C9 The house was bomb in WWII C10 Mahavachirawut school C11 Songkhla train station
The overall cultural landscape and associate in Songkhla 24 A14-Boat trip in Songkhla lake
A13-Nakorn Nok waterfront
A12-Naga sculpture
A11-Mermaid sculpture
A10-Westside waterfront
A9-Westside waterfront
A8-Son- on Beach
A7-Chalatus beach
A6-Samila beach
A5-Tang kawn hill
A4-Noi hill
A3-Yor Island
A2-Maew Island
A1-Nu Island
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Natural site 25 C01-Nakorn nok- Nakorn nai road
C02-Nang gyam foodscape
C03-Old Governor mansion
C04-Old city wall
C05-Sunday market
C06-Opara thearter
C07-Hub ho hin rice mill
C08-Japanese spy house
C09-The bombed house
C10-MV. School
C11-Train station
0 50 100 150
26 Architectural heritage site Site Analysis
27 Old Town district in the present
The old town district in the present is Nakorn-nai, Nakorn-nork and Nang-ngam road.
28 Creation of the themes of cultural landscape
City pillar shrine
29 Songkhla National museum The last city wall that is under Fine Art law protection. Traditional Chinese style Chinese-Western style
Nakorn nork road
Nakorn nai road
Setting of Nakorn nork road and Nakorn nai road 30 The map in Architectural style of the old town district 100 92 Units 89 Units 90 80 70 63 Units 60 50 43 Units 40 30 20 10 0 Tradition Chinese Comercial Chinese Contemporary Chinese-Western Style Style Chinese Style Style
The portion of Architecture style in old town district. 31 The map of shop-houses condition 500 432units 450
400
350
300
250
200 119units 150 68units 100
50 26 units
0 Damaged 80%-100% Damaged 50% Damaged 20% Perfect 80%-100%
The portion of shop-houses condition in the old town district32 The analysis of Songkhla old town condition
Original fabric, High Architecture value, Integrity and authentic
Old façade character
Old façade character with new materials
No data 33 The original of Nakorn nork and Nakorn Nai Road
The city wall was down for The inner area of city wall became Nakorn nai,it means the inner city. road expansion.
The outer area of city wall became Nakorn nok,it means the outside city of wall.
34 The Kuan Uu shrine
• 2 3 4 5
The map show five shrines location in old town The Tang Sheng Aong shrine The City pillar shrine
The Bun Tao Gong shrine The Bo Aun35 Tian 1 1 2 2 road.
2 2 3 4 Ngam
on Nang 10
3 1 2 7 6
4 5 9 8 11 8
5 6 7 8 The Cultural landscape perspective landscape Cultural The 9 1 1 1 0 1 2 36 1 2 2
2 2 3 4 5 5 6 6 road. Ngam
1 0 7 2 Nang 1 1 1 of 3 1 8
1 9 2 scape 6 5 The food The food
37 1 2 3
1 1 1 The Cultural landscape perspective 4 5 6 7
1 1 1 1
2 1 1 4 1 7 6 3 5
8 9 1 1 1 1 3 2 0 4 Nakorn 8 9 1 0 1 1 Nai road 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 .
38 The Cultural landscape perspective on Theon perspective Culturallandscape
1 2 3 4
4 7 3 1 Nakorn
5 6 7 8 Nork road.
39 The CulturalperspectivelandscapeMuslimdistrict. the Ban Bon, in 1 2 2
3 4 5
1 1
5
4 1
7
0
3
1
8 6
6 7 8
9 1 1 0 1
40 Mazaoh Kae-sai: The Japanese spy
Mr. Say-To took photo in front of the historical house Dr. Kae-sa’s house
The old photo of Dr. Kae-sa and Say-To in 1936
Old town district.
The map of Dr. Kae-sa’s house and the old town Dr. Kae-sa’s house in the present compared with the district past
41 Arthur Stewart King Scarf
Arthur Scarf's Bristol Blenheim Mark I fighter at Sembawang Airbase, Singapore, June 1941. The pilot looking out of the cockpit could be Squadron Leader
The bombed house has been replacing with garage
Arthur Stewart King Scarf at Taiping war cemetery, Perak State Malaysia
42 Justification for outstanding significance
The grading of significance of Songkhla is in “high level” and is justified in high degree because of its original fabric. It can be thus said that.. Songkhla has a high degree of authenticity in terms of original fabric and town transformation under topography uniqueness. The remaining of local Thai, Chinese and Muslim life style had been reflected in their cultural landscape.
43 UNESCO World Heritage Web-Site
44 UNESCOWorld Heritage Criteria
45 Songkhla when compared to UNESCO criteria
• Cultural heritage • (iii) Songkhla old town and the associated areas bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is still living or has disappeared. The relationship and dynamic functions present in cultural landscapes, historic town or other living properties should be maintained. • (v) Songkhla old town and the associated areas are the outstanding examples of a traditional human settlement or land-use which is representative of culture; especially it becomes vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change. • (vi) Songkhla old town and the associated areas are directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas or with beliefs, or with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significances (a criterion used only in exceptional circumstances, and together with other criteria) • Natural properties • (ix) Songkhla old town and the associated areas are the outstanding examples representing significant ongoing ecological and biological process in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals. These processes on long term conservation of the ecological and biological diversity they contain that represent on the perfect natural diversity of two mountains at CBD and nature sand beach. 46 Songkhla Old Town is Living Heritage which is mixed site between natural and cultural heritage.
47 Heritage Contestation
48 Nakorn Nork: A loss of water front and heritage stock
Crime increasing
Loss of “heritage stock.”
49 Outcomes of research including proposals for the future.
50 Old town revitalization from theory to implementation
The linkage between old town functions and economic revitalization are assuming important relation of conservation and heritage presentation.
‘Keep it Alive! Tips on Living History.’
It could be said that such method is a “time machine” which possibly brings back the past to the new generation nowadays. To understand the potential value of live interpretation.
“first hand experience and by illustrative media”
51 1.Waterfront Upgrading
•Follow Malacca, Malaysia case study. •Increasing the heritage stock value. •Create buffer zone between resident area and Fishing boat. •Increasing the safe zone and more convenience to accessing by public and police.
52 N
53 The Nakorn Nork road The waterfront that can be added as buffer zone between housing and fishing boats.
54 The Nakorn Nork road The waterfront that can be added as buffer zone between housing and fishing boats.
55 2.Launce the interpretation system
•
56 1
2 3
1 The Samila Visitor Center in Present
2 The Chinatown Historic Center follows Chapter 4 Old Town District 3 The Songkhla Historic Center follows Chapter 4
The map of Interpretation system follows Dissertation concept.
1 2 3
The Interpretation offices follows Dissertation concept. 57 58 Songkhla Nation Museum
Can apply to be Main Interpretation Center
2
City wall
Pier for boat tourism route as mentioned at Chapter 5
Bas parking lot
59 Chinatown Historical Center (In Door Interpretation) 3
Parking Lot for Tourist Bus
Historical Park (Out Door Interpretation)
60 China town historical center
The tricycle group who are waiting for tourists in the old town. The pilot tourist group was first managed in 2008.
The Idea of Interpretation System in Kow Hong road in Old Town District. 61 Live interpretation is old town revitalization
•Alive the first house in old town •24 hours interpretation is purposed •The interpretation system can change the old town to become a“lively” town.
62 2008 2009 & Audio walk Historical park that set out door interpretation work. The first house of Songkhla in Kow Hong road is 169 years old. It can be renovated to be in the historical park.
Purpose for 2010 The 24 hours Historical park concept that is in-situ interpretation site in the old town. 63 Bring back tourism benefit to communities.
•Bottom up development is key success of alliance powerful. •On-site interpretation is reinforce heritage value. •The Idea of Tricycle tour is result from Malacca and Penang case study. •The tourists transfer from bus to site attraction can load by tricycle group.
64 Indentify stakeholders
Conservation stakeholders Tourism stakeholders Official stakeholders/ Government/Expert
Songkhla Fine Art Travel agency groups Songkhla Province Department
Hotel groups University/Architect school Songkhla municipality and Expert
Songkhla traders groups Heritage owners Songkhla Fine Art Department University/Architect school TAT.Songkhla branch and Expert Nation housing Thailand Songkhla municipality Funding support groups
Five Chinese trader groups Touristpolice
Nation housing Thailand Songkhla province Tricycle rider group Songkhla province Ministry of Nature resources administrative organization and Environment University/Architect school and Expert
65 Walk way should be added for All street furniture can be redesigned in public space Chinese style.
Street stamp can be the Road’s name
Parking lot should be upgrading
Ramp and guide blocks for elders and wheelchair
The idea of interpretation work and street furniture upgrading in the old town 66 Buffer zone
Core zone
The map of core zone and buffer zone system following the dissertation concept.
67 Buffer Zone
Core Zone
68 69 This old building is suppose to be replaced by new building.
70 The new building can be built with full area under old facade design condition. This idea can motivate and receive permission by municipality regulations.
71 The new building with modern façade is separated from architectural context and must set back under municipality regulations.
72 Tourism
• Culture is product of tourism. In contemporary society, heritage is often treated as a commodity for economic uses, especially for tourism. The term ‘product’ is often used to describe different type of cultural and heritage consumed by tourists. This may seem ridiculous and unacceptable to some cultural heritage experts. However, when considering the inherited nature of culture and heritage as a resource of economic and cultural capital (Graham, Ashworth and Tunbridge 2000 cited in Ho, P.S.Y. and McKercher, Bob 2004 p.255), one may notice the legitimacy of treating cultural heritage assets as products when they are used for tourism. One of the differences between the cultural heritage and tourism sectors is noted that “tourism is a market-driven industry and is more consumer- friendly while the cultural industry appears to be more product and supply oriented”.
73 Physical= Nature site, old town development
Social=Culture Heritage
Economic = Tourism
How to balance?
74 Songkhla nation al museum (SNM.).
The public land that can be used as tourist parking lot and pier.
Songkhla historic al center that Old Town is set in Songkhla national museum
Parking lot and pier are set for
tourism. N
Some part of Songkhla national museum(SNM.) is used to be Songkhla historical museum which is the main visitor center of Songkhla. This interpretation system was mentioned in chapter four.75 Old city wall.
This building can renovate toSongkhla Historic Center.
The Songkhla historical center can be applied to be used as the main visitor center of Songkhla.
76 Route A. Back to SNM.
O l d t o w n d i s t r i c t SNM. The cape Nakorn- Nakorn- Nang- Lam-Son Nork Nai district ngam district district
B o a t r o u t e i s o p t i o n a l
The destination of route A
The destination of rout A merge to Google earth map. 77 Back to SNM by tricycle. Route B.
O l d t o w n d i s t r i c t
The cape SNM. Nakorn- Of Old town Nork district Nakorn-Nai Nang-ngam heritage district district center Lam-Son
B o a t r o u t e
The destination of Route B.
The destination route B merges to Google earth map. 78 79 http://www.facebook.com/songkhla.asia 80 81 82 83 84 คุณพีระ นายกเทศมนตรีนครสงขลา และเลขาฯ
คุณสิทธิศักด ิ มูลนิธิทักษิณคดีศึกษา อาจารย์ มทร.ศรีวิชัย
ดร.แสนศักด ิ อ.จรูญ รองอธิการ ม.ราชภัฏ ม.ทักษิณ 85 86 87 The Songkhla Renovation Plan. Drawn by Songkhla Municipality
88 The Songkhla Renovation Plan. Drawn by Songkhla Municipality
89 The Songkhla Renovation Plan. Drawn by Songkhla Municipality
90 91 92 93 YOU ARE HERE.
94 YOU ARE HERE. 95 Is “live interpretation” can revitalize Songkhla cultural landscape? Is intangible heritage can waking up Songkhla old town? Is conservation can apply to Songkhla? Is tourism can booth Songkhla economic in sustainable way?
96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 Thank You , time for Question 112 113