Psychology Newsletter of the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and : Peace Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association

Volume 16, Number 1 • spring/summer 2007

2007 APA Convention San Francisco August 17 – 20

“There is no time left for anything but to make peace work a dimension of our every waking activity.” – Elise Boulding

Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 From the Editor Contents From the Editor...... 2 JW P. Heuchert, Letter to the Editor...... 3 Editor Message from the President...... 4 Listervers...... 6 Since this edition of Peace Psychology Please: APA Convention 2007...... 7 is an “election edition,” I will refrain from • Continue to send submissions. Women in Black Vigil...... 8 my usual editorializing. Instead, we offer you a smorgasbord of articles, news, re- • Clip & Save the Convention Program Session on Israel/Palestine...... 8 views, reports, and announcements. Our beginning on page 9, and bring it to Clip & Save Convention Program...... 9 main focus for this edition is to encourage San Fransico. Full Circle, 40 Years Later...... 13 you to participate in our exciting program • Pull out the poster in the middle, and planned for the upcoming APA conven- Peace Between & Within...... 14 put it up somewhere. tion in San Francisco. Hope to see you Desmond Tutu Peace Centre ...... 15 there! • Continue with the good work that you Book Reviews...... 16 do as an individual and on behalf of Thanks to all your articles, letters and the division. Peacebuilding; Weiss RFP...... 17 reports, we have another interesting col- Attitudes Toward Treaties...... 18 lection of contributions. These range Please submit your thoughts, announce- Pull-Out Peace Poster...... 20 from research reports on people’s atti- ments, short research reports, reactions, tudes toward international treaties and responses and contributions for our next State Representive Richard Wagner..... 22 agreements, “the forgiving edition by sending your submissions to the The Forgiving Brain...... 23 brain,” and the “Worldview Construct” address below by September 15, 2007. Protesters Seek Change...... 24 as it applies to peace psychology to an article about inner peace and reports Peace to you, Post-Katrina Program...... 25 from committees and from events, such Two Questions in Trauma Study...... 26 as the protest in Washington, D.C. The Lyin’ King...... 27 and an international trauma conference in Vietnam. The Worldview Construct...... 28

Candidate Statements...... 30 JW P. Heuchert, Editor COR Report; Reports...... 33 [email protected] Member News...... 34 Department of Psychology Allegheny College Member Survey...... 35 520 North Main Street, New Members...... 36 Meadville, PA, 16335, USA Directory...... 39

This edition of Peace Psychology was produced by: This edition was printed and mailed with compliments of The Haworth JW P. Heuchert, Editor; [email protected] Press, Inc. (www.haworthpress.com) Beth Heuchert, Assistant Editor; [email protected] Judy Stainbrook, Design Director & Associate Editor; [email protected]

Contributions from other authors are acknowledged in the bylines. The opinions of individual authors do not necessarily represent those of Division 48. Published by Division 48 of the American Psychological Association.

2 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Letter to the Editor

APA and Military Interrogations

February 2007 Both the APA and the CPA have asked We fervently believe that if we do not The members of the Monterey Bay Psy- for member psychologists’ input. We find speak out against practices that violate chological Association feel compelled that the response from the APA leader- human rights and dignity, we are com- to speak out, unequivocally and without ship does not represent us as psycholo- plicit in those practices. We would hope further delay, against the unethical, im- gists, and is in fact detrimental to our that the APA administration understands moral, and illegal practices taking place profession. Within the context of ongo- the fundamental admonition in the APA in military prisons around the world. As ing media reports of cruel, inhumane, Ethics Code to Do No Harm, and con- psychologists, we would like to stand and degrading practices used in military tinue to question their current interpre- with all those who have protested the use interrogations and on rendition teams, tation. the APA’s focus on responsibilities to so- of psychologists as consultants to torture, Respectfully, degradation, cruelty and/or inhumane ciety rings hollow. To participate, even as treatment of military prisoners. consultants, in unethical practices under Jennifer Kaupp, Ph.D. the guise of protecting the general social President, In its structured examination of the eth- welfare is simply wrong. As an organiza- Monterey Bay Psychological Association ics of this practice, the APA Psychologi- tion, the Monterey Bay Psychological cal Ethics and National Security (PENS) Association believes that the APA Ethics Jon Girvetz, Ph.D. Task Force took a small step in the right Code is clear in its prohibition of the use Past President, direction. However, in the intervening of torture, and clear that psychologists Monterey Bay Psychological Association time, we do not believe that the APA should have no part in this aspect of mili- leadership has gone far enough in identi- tary operations. Further, we recognize the Co-Chairs, Contemporary Issues in fying and denouncing the misuse of psy- dilemma of military psychologists forced Psychology Forum chological theory and practice in military to choose between their role as psycholo- interrogations and on rendition teams. gists and their role as military officers.

DONATIONS TO THE SOCIETY

A number of members have inquired about making monetary gifts to the Society. All such donations are greatly welcomed to help the Society meet our budget and to fund new and important peace-making activities! Donation checks should be made out to APA, Division 48, and should be sent to:

John Gruszkos, Division 48 Treasurer 7301 Forest Ave, Suite 201 Richmond, VA 23226

Please identify any such amounts as donations. Donations of this sort are tax-exempt.

3 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Message from the President

Daniel M. Mayton, President, Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, & Violence: APA Division 48

The Strategic Plan of the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Best-Laid Plans or How to Avoid Being Listless

As a professor, I have heard (a.k.a. Division 48), it is not surprising As peace psychologists, our vision is the many aggravating questions from stu- that the Society leadership has developed development of sustainable and just soci- dents. “Did you cover anything important plans to direct our organization’s efforts. eties through the prevention of destructive in the class I missed last week?” and “Will During the 1990s, a vision for the Society conflict and violence, the amelioration of this be on the test?” are probably the worst was first developed under the presidency its consequences, and the empowerment offenders. Another type of question that of Susan McKay, and in the fall of 2000, of individuals and groups to prevent and gets my hackles up concerns how busy I under the presidency of Corann Okoro- mitigate oppression and inequalities locally am. “Will you be busy tomorrow?” I want dudu, a Strategic Planning Task Force and globally. to say “Absolutely not, I will just be in was first established to develop a five-year my office looking blankly at the walls!” plan. During 2005, a new strategic plan- Now I realize this last type of question is ning group updated the Society’s strategic This is a powerful vision to me. As I have not meant to sound as bad as it does, but goals. The product of this planning group reflected on this vision, I am struck by everyone I work with is very busy. was the 2006-2010 Strategic Plan that this reminder that we must work from the was formally adopted by our Executive local through the global level. Too often You, too, are undoubtedly very busy. You Committee in 2006. membership has looked globally without have your professional and/or volunteer attending to the justice issues within our work, your friends, family, and pets, and Our Society’s mission statement reads: own neighborhoods and country. you even hope to fit in some time for yourself. When it comes to focusing my The purpose of Division 48 is to increase The Society has identified eight long- professional time as a peace psychologist, and apply psychological knowledge in the term goals. In order of priority these are I incorporate some of the aspects of our pursuit of peace, where peace is defined as follows: Society’s strategic plan into my activi- broadly to include both the absence of de- 1. Develop a wider recognition that peace ties. I want to start off my presidency by structive conflict and the creation of positive is a valued aspect of the discipline of psy- sharing the major aspects of the Society’s social conditions that minimize destructive- chology by building bridges to others within current strategic plan, which includes the ness and promote human well-being for all. APA, APS, and other peace-related orga- Society’s mission statement, vision state- The Division fosters communication among nizations. ment, and strategic goals. If you include practitioners, researchers, and policymak- activities to support the Society for the ers world-wide who are working on issues 2. Significantly increase the age, gender, Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence and ethnic diversity perspectives within the concerning peace, nonviolent conflict reso- (Division 48) among the many things Society. you do, I thank you, and this column will lution, social justice, reconciliation, and the let you know some of what the Society causes, consequences, and prevention of all 3. Promote peace and social justice in the has done and plans to accomplish over forms of violence and destructive conflict. local and national context by building the next few years. If, however, you are We invite the membership of all psycholo- bridges across ethnic groups and recog- not currently involved in the Society’s gists in these peace-related activities at in- nizing the strengths and limitations of the activities, I encourage you to read this dividual, interpersonal, group, national and dominant culture’s practices and policies. column to identify at least one thing that international levels. you might add to your very busy life that 4. Identify, study, research, and promote would help our Society reach its long- values that sustain individuals and societ- Our mission statement reminds us of our term goals. Every member’s involvement ies in their quest for a peaceful and less need to reduce and prevent conflict and in Society activities and governance is violent world. to work collaboratively toward a society greatly appreciated. with positive peace and social justice. 5. Enhance the participation of the mem- Given the energy, interests, and drive of bership in Society-related activities by in- With only slight modifications from its the membership of the Society for the volving them in articulating and prioritizing initial wording, our vision statement is as Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence various domains of peace theory, research, follows: and practice.

4 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 6. Promote peace and social justice in the joining this research group, please email the international level and only a small international context by building bridg- me at [email protected]. fraction has been local or national. The es to other cultures and recognizing the higher priority placed on more local and strengths and limitations of Western psy- Our second goal speaks to three diversity national contexts reflects a desire for chological practices and scholarship. issues. First our Society, like APA in gen- more balance. The eral, is graying. Joan Gildemeister, chair Working Group, co-chaired by Steve Fa- 7. Promote the development, dissemina- of our Recruitment, Retention, and Pub- bick and Barbara Tint, has addressed all tion and integration of curricula, teaching lic Relations Committee (a.k.a. Mem- levels of conflict, and this is a good be- approaches, and materials relevant at all bership Committee), is working hard to ginning. levels of education and in both formal edu- increase student and early career mem- cation and civic or community education bership. The survey on page 35 of this Goal #4 addresses the values that sustain contexts. newsletter is designed to help her develop individuals and societies in their quest initiatives to increase younger members, for a peaceful and socially just world, and 8. Increase the number of book-length so please fill it out and return it, or contact many of our working groups are designed publications on peace psychology. Joan with your thoughts (jgildemeister@ to do just that. The Environmental Pro- cs.com). We do have a Student and Early tection and Justice Working Group (Deb- Each of these goals are clearly impor- Career Working Group that has in the orah DuNann Winter, chair), Feminism tant to the Society’s mission and vision past done some innovative things under and Peace Working Group (Barbara Tint, and are very timely in the context of the the leadership of Eric Green (e.g. student chair), and Spirituality and Peace Work- world today. Let me briefly discuss some of e-mentorships), however, as there current- ing Group (Steven Handwerker, chair) these so you can see what some members ly is no chair, it has been inactive. If you all concentrate on the study and promo- of the Society have done and are doing so can recommend someone for this work- tion of values related to peace, conflict you can consider what you might like to ing group chair position, it would be very and violence, as do other working groups do to help us succeed in achieving these much appreciated. The level of ethnic di- already mentioned. goals. In addition, I bet many of you are versity in the Society is also addressed in currently doing something that is related Goal #2. Our efforts on this are numerous The Working Group, to some or most of these goals and, if so, and Society leadership positions reflect an chaired by Linden Nelson and Michael I also encourage you to let those working ethnically diverse Society, but the general Van Slyck, has been a model working on each goal know what you are doing. membership is not very diverse. Some group in its promotion of Goal #7. It has produced brochures, has an active The Society for the Study of Peace, Con- of our current activities toward this goal announcement listserv, and organizes flict, and Violence has come a long way include our sponsorship of the biennial symposia at the annual convention to in developing a wider recognition that National Multicultural Conference and analyze and inform us on peace educa- peace is a valued aspect of the discipline Summit, the Ethnicity and Peace Work- tion in both formal and informal situa- of psychology (Goal #1), but it has much, ing Group, chaired by our president-elect, tions. This working group will continue much farther to go. Our fine journal, Debby Ragin, (it is always in need of more to assist in realizing this goal as long as Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace- Psy active members—[email protected]. the strong leadership continues and there chology has prospered under the strong edu), and the Inter-Divisional Task Force is a continued influx of new, active group editorial leadership of Milton Schwebel on Diversity with divisional leadership members. and Dick Wagner. Council Representa- from Y. Evie Garcia, Julie Levitt, and Ei- leen Borris. tives like Paul Kimmel, Corann Okoro- The last goal to increase the number of dudu, and Judy Van Hoorn among others Both Goal #3 and Goal #6 focus on the book-length publications on peace psy- have worked hard and have succeeded in promotion of peace and social justice, chology is moving along quite nicely. persuading the APA Council to act on with the former focusing on the local Several books on peace psychology are initiatives consistent with our vision and and national context, and the latter on in print, but not many. This is changing mission even though they have not always the international context. The Global with the Peace Psychology Book Series been able to realize all that they expected Violence and Security Working Group with Springer Science + Business Media. to achieve. We also have official liaisons (Brian Betz, Marc Pilisuk, and Diane Dan Christie, Series-editor, has four titles with several other APA divisions (see the Perlman, co-chairs), Children, Families under contract and several more under names on the Directory page of this news- and the International Peace Practitioners review! More proposals are welcome. letter). In addition to maintaining these Network reflect the Society’s roots within endeavors, another initiative is to start a Enhancing the participation of the mem- the Cold War and the nuclear threat of Peace Research Task Force. This action is bership in any organization is important. that time. The War Working Group (Pe- predicated on the belief that by adding to This column is intended to encourage all tra Hesse, Kathleen Kostelny, & Judith the research base for peace activities we Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict Van Hoorn, co-chairs) also has a major will increase our value within psychologi- and Violence members to become in- focus on a critical international problem. cal science. If you are currently conduct- volved in Society-related activities (Goal All levels are part of our vision and very ing peace research or are planning to in #5). Join a working group, become more important, but it seems as though most the near future and you are interested in of the Society’s activities have been on (Continued on page. 6)

5 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 (Continued from page 5 ) Listservers active if you are in a working group, Linda M. Woolf write an article for the newsletter, con- duct a research study on peace, recruit Division 48 has four listservers. new Society members, write a book on peace psychology, go to the Society so- Div48Announce is solely for announcements from APA and the Society. We want cial hour at APA, attend the Society to keep the number of messages on this listserv low as a means to communicate with business meeting at APA (somewhat all members of the Society. If you receive a message from this listserv, do not respond like a social hour and very nonthreat- directly to the listserv. Rather send your note to the original sender of the message. ening), ask to become an official liaison Should you want to discuss any of the announcements or issues raised on the 48An- to APA divisions where there are none, nounce listserv, you may want to subscribe to one or more of the other discussion lists: run for Society office, or whatever. Div48 Listserv – This listserv is open to all members of the Society for the Study JW Heuchert, the superb editor of the of Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology Division 48 of APA. It is an un- excellent newsletter that you are now moderated discussion list. To subscribe, send a message stating in the body of the text, holding, has made sure that the informa- “SUBSCRIBE DIV48” to [email protected]. tion you need to get involved is at your fingertips. Many other ways to become PeacePsych Listserv – This is a moderated listserv open to anyone interested in involved are described in each issue. peace issues or peace psychology. For more information, including subscription in- Remember that you do not need to be a structions, go to PeacePsych Listserv Page at http://www.webster.edu/peacepsychol- member of APA to be actively involved ogy/peacelistservpage.html. in the work of the Society and our efforts The DIV48S–EC Listserv – This listserv serves to help keep students and early ca- for peace. reer members of Division 48 connected to the issues and events most relevant to the Now the best-laid plans do go awry division’s mission. While primarily a means of information dissemination, the listserv more often than we like to admit. How- also exists to facilitate discussion of the problems and potential of peace psychology. ever, this is very reasonable as situations A student/early career membership with Division 48 makes one eligible to join this change and plans are modified to better listserv. Contact Eric Green at [email protected] for more information. reflect the times. The current situation may warrant shelving your lists to address something that is more crucial. The work of Linda Woolf, Corann Okorodudu, Would you like to show Judy VanHoorn and others on the APA 2006 Resolution Against Torture and Other your support for peace Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment is a good example of this. in a more tangible—and visible—way? However, having a common mission, common vision, and common goals has Order a “Peace is Possible” t-shirt or hat from Julie Levitt by emailing her at its advantages in terms of the advance- [email protected]. Donate $10 (or more if you like) to our Division, and ment of peace psychology. we will send you one of the items as a token of our appreciation. I am a list maker. I have had so many lists that at times I have had a list of lists. De- spite good intentions, I do not accomplish everything on my lists. Of course, I mean to, but time marches on, and I often get drawn in different directions that I do not always anticipate (although in some cases maybe I should have known). Generally, I am consoled that even though I do not complete all I set out to do, at least I am not listless! Thank you for not being list- less when it comes to peace.

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6 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 APA Conference 2007, San Francisco Join us in San Francisco in August Please join us in San Francisco this summer for the 2007 Annual Conference, to be held from Friday, August 17 through Monday, August 20. It promises to be particularly interesting! See http://www.apa.org/convention07/ and http://www.peacepsych.org for more information.

Addresses Poster Session Roundtables This year’s Morton Deutsch Conflict Res- Some poster session titles include: NEW one-hour Roundtable Sessions will olution Award Invited Address will be feature interesting peace-related paper given by Dr. Herb Kelman. Congratula- Biographical Factors of Men and Women No- discussions at eight tables: tions Herb! His talk will be titled: Evalu- bel Peace Prize Laureates Peace and Vengeance: Exploring Origins of Moti- ating the contributions of interactive problem A Recipe for War: The Efficacy of Anger and Fear solving to the resolution of ethnonational vations From Within Conflict Zones conflicts. The Early Career Award will Barriers to Peace: Society’s Rules of Violence Resettlement Experiences of Young People from be given to Dr. Ilana Shapiro. Congratu- a Sudanese Refugee Background lations Ilana! Her address title will be: Militaristic Reactions to Terrorism: Effects of Psychological theories for affecting peaceful Priming Nonviolent Alternatives Promoting Peace and Justice in Higher Educa- tion: The Psychologist’s Role change: Some challenges and opportunities. Relating a Nation’s to its Dr. Dan Mayton, President of Division Emotional Climate 48, will also give an invited address en- Ethnonational Group Identification and Violence in the Former Yugoslavia titled: in the 21st century: Voices of Hope: Children’s Messages of Peace challenges for peace psychologists. Psychological Interventions in Civilian Oversight Understanding Hindus’ and Muslims’ Solu- of Law Enforcement Teach In tions for Peace in Gujarat, India Peacebuilding Between Palestinians and Jews: This year Div48 is co-sponsoring an “Eth- Challenge and Opportunity: Reducing Vio- New Efforts Spearheaded by Americans ics and Interrogations” Teach-In! The lence in Communities via Jail Programs teach-in, which has been cosponsored by Breath for Peace: Yoga Practices in Israel a number of divisions concerned about An Empirical View of a Peaceful Person social justice, will run for several hours The Healing Journey From Trauma to Activism Empirically Situating Just Peacemaking and is an important addition to this year’s Among Values and Peace Psychology Concepts conference! We hope you will be able to join us this Psychosocial Aspects of Korean Reunification year at the conference. If you do, don’t Symposia titles/topics include: forget to join us for the Social Hour on Telling Style and in Africans and Saturday evening! We look forward to Relationships Among Inner Peace, Interper- Americans seeing you!!! sonal Behavior, and Global Attitudes Perceptions About the Other: Ethnonational Program Chair: Critical Populations, Collective Action-—Post- Attitudes in Bosnia and Herzegovina Catherine C. Byrne, Ph.D. conflict Reconstruction Processes With War- University of California Santa Cruz Affected Women, Teachers, and Aid workers Cooperative Learning in College Classrooms: [email protected] Creating a Positive Learning Environment Torture Is for Amateurs—Convergence of Military Interrogators and Psychologists, in- A Course on Children and War cluding a talk entitled Trained Interrogator’s Perspective on Torture

Reconciliation After Group Violence

Enough Violence in this World—Causes, Costs, and Remedies

Resisting the Drums of War, including a talk entitled: “Promoting War by Exploiting Our Core Concerns”

Psychology of Political Violence—Implications for Constructive Public Policy? 7 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Donne in Nero Women in Black Vigil Zenecall u for participants Crnom We will have a Women in Black vigil Mujeresat the APA convention de in San Francisco. Negro Please contact Ethel Tobach at [email protected] en Noir Womenif you wish to bein on the vigil line.Black Vrouwen in het Zwart

Session on Israel/Palestine at APA in San Francisco

Ethel Tobach

The conflict between Israelis and Palestinians Two of the session’s speakers, Rabbi Michael has a recent history of change and influence by Lerner of Tikun and Barbara Epstein of Meretz, other societal entities (nations, religious or- will address the Israeli interest of peace and jus- ganizations, international groups such as the tice. Speakers Sarah Burdge and Donna Nassor UN). The paths toward peace and reconcilia- are psychologists trained in the tradition of hu- tion of the conflict are not predictable at the manistic psychology. Discussants Bernice Lott, time of the organization of this session. Stanely Krippner, and Marc Pilisuk have worked to resolve conflict non-violently within societal Psychologists have a history of being concerned and socially defined populations. about societal conflicts, as well as social con- flicts, and their commitment to nonviolent solutions is well-established professionally and organizationally.

8 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Clip & Save 2007 APA Convention Program Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, & Violence Peace Psychology: Division 48, APA

Join us in San Francisco for the 2007 Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association! The Peace Division will offer symposia, discus-

 sions, workshops, and invited addresses on the psychology of peace and its implications for human rights, social justice, and global security. To register for the convention online, please go to Convention Registration.

Executive Committee Meeting: Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence 8/16 Thursday: 10 am–12:50 pm • San Francisco Marriott Hotel, Pacific Conference Suite D

Symposium: Relationships Among Inner Peace, Interpersonal Behavior, and Global Attitudes 8/17 Friday: 11–11:50 am • Moscone Center, Room 2002 Chair: Linden L. Nelson, PhD, California Polytechnic State University–San Luis Obispo Inner Peace, Peaceful Behavior, and Global Attitudes: A Theoretical Perspective Gregory Sims, PhD, Unicorn Youth Services, Philo, CA Inner Peace: Exploration and Identification of Shared Variables Mindy Puopolo, PsyD, California Lutheran University Correlations Among Inner Peace, Interpersonal Behavior, and Global Attitudes Linden L. Nelson, PhD, California Polytechnic State University–San Luis Obispo Symposium: Critical Populations, Collective Action—Postconflict Reconstruction Processes with War-Affected Women, Teachers, and Aid Workers 8/17 Friday: 12–12:50 pm • Moscone Center, Room 3012 Chair: Riva B. Kantowitz, PhD, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey A Bad Boss Is Worse Than War: Promoting Aid Worker Well-Being Lynne Cripe, PhD, CARE, Atlanta, GA Social Justice and (Non) Support: Teacher Well-Being in Postwar Liberia Janet Shriberg, MS, MPH, University of Denver Reducing Gender-Based Violence Amidst War and Displacement in Northern Uganda Lindsay Stark, MPH, Columbia University in the City of New York Symposium: Torture Is for Amateurs—Convergence of Military Interrogators and Psychologists 8/17 Friday: 1– 2:50 pm • Moscone Center, Room 3005 Chair: Richard V. Wagner, PhD, Bates College Why Amateurs Are for Torture Jean Maria Arrigo, PhD, International Intelligence Ethics Association, Washington, D.C. Trained Interrogator’s Perspective on Torture

 Raymond Bennett, Athens, GA Why Interrogations in Nonmilitary Settings Sometimes Lead to False Confessions Mark Costanzo, PhD, Claremont McKenna College Peace Psychological Perspective on Hostile Interrogation Richard V. Wagner, PhD, Bates College

Invited Address: Morton Deutsch Conflict Resolution Award Address 8/17 Friday: 3–3:50 pm • Moscone Center, Room 2016 Evaluating the Contributions of Interactive Problem Solving to the Resolution of Ethnonational Conflicts Herbert Kelman, PhD, Harvard University

9 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Discussion: Reconciliation After Group Violence 8/18 Saturday: 8 –9:50 am • Moscone Center, Room 270 Chair: Stephen Fabick, EdD, independent practice, Birmingham, MI From Social Violence to Reconciliation: Individuals and Groups Jancis Long, PhD, Psychologists for Social Responsibility, Berkeley, CA Reconciliation and Forgiveness in Divided Societies Paula Green, EdD, Karuna Center for Peacebuilding, Amherst, MA Cultural Contexts of Conflict and Reconciliation: A Multivariate Cultural Equation  Anthony J. Marsella, PhD, University of Hawai’i at Manoa Symposium: Enough Violence in this World—Causes, Costs, and Remedies 8/18 Saturday: 2–3:50 pm • Moscone Center, Room 3000 Chair: Marc Pilisuk, PhD, Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center Cultures of War, Cultures of Peace Anthony J. Marsella, PhD, University of Hawai’i at Manoa Why Violence Continues: The Network of Beneficiaries of Violence Marc Pilisuk, PhD, Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center Torture: Crossing the Line in Sanctioned Violence Linda M. Woolf, PhD, Webster University Who Will Speak for the Children? Michael Wessells, PhD, Columbia University in the City of New York Who Will Speak for the Earth? Deborah Winter, PhD, Whitman College Poster Session: Division 48 8/18 Saturday: 4–4:50 pm • Moscone Center, Halls ABC Biographical Factors of Men and Women Nobel Peace Prize Laureates M.L. Corbin Sicoli, PhD, Cabrini College April J. Perrymore, PsyD, Cabrini College Recipe for War: The Efficacy of Anger and Fear Violet Cheung, MA, University of California–Berkeley Bill Blunden, MA, San Francisco State University Barriers to Peace: Society’s Rules of Violence Maryam Akbar, PhD, Alliant International University–Los Angeles Paula Johnson, PhD, Alliant International University–Los Angeles Militaristic Reactions to Terrorism: Effects of Priming Nonviolent Alternatives Linden L. Nelson, PhD, California Polytechnic State University–San Luis Obispo Kimberly G. Yaeger, BS, California Polytechnic State University–San Luis Obispo Effects of Mortality Salience on Prosocial Attitudes and Judgments of Criminal Actions in Intergroup Contexts Jaeshin Kim, MA, University of Massachusetts Ilana Shapiro, PhD, University of Massachusetts Relating a Nation’s Culture of Peace to Its Emotional Climate Joseph H. de Rivera, PhD, Clark University

Impact of Peace Studies: Actions and Attitudes in Japanese Students  Amy A. Szarkowski, PhD, Miyazaki International College, Miyazaki-gun, Japan Amy Donnelly, Miyazaki International College, Miyazaki-gun, Japan Voices of Hope: Children’s Messages of Peace Brian M. Yankouski, Montclair State University Tom Kurtovic, Montclair State University Jason Trent, BA, Montclair State University Jennifer Tursi, Montclair State University Milton A. Fuentes, PsyD, Montclair State University

10 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Understanding Hindus’ and Muslims’ Solutions for Peace in Gujarat, India 8/18 Jui Shankar, MA, Ball State University Poster Lawrence Gerstein, PhD, Ball State University Session Challenge and Opportunity: Reducing Violence in Communities via Jail Programs Michael R. Castell, PhD, Solano County Sheriff’s Office, Fairfield, CA continued Empirical View of a Peaceful Person Daniel M. Mayton II, PhD, Lewis–Clark State College Aaron M. Wilder, BS, Lewis–Clark State College

 Becca C. Solom, Lewis–Clark State College Misato Sawa, BA, Lewis–Clark State College Allison M. Stephens, BS, Lewis–Clark State College Hannah L. Smith, Lewis–Clark State College Monte T. Garrison, Lewis–Clark State College Empirically Situating Just Peacemaking Among Values and Peace Psychology Concepts Daniel M. Mayton II, PhD, Lewis–Clark State College Becca C. Solom, Lewis–Clark State College Aaron M. Wilder, BS, Lewis–Clark State College Misato Sawa, BA, Lewis–Clark State College Allison M. Stephens, BS, Lewis–Clark State College Hannah L. Smith, Lewis–Clark State College Monte T. Garrison, Lewis–Clark State College Psychosocial Aspects of Korean Reunification Do-Yeong Kim, PhD, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea Jinwook Jung, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea Sangho Gang, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea Eunmi Kim, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea Telling Style and Forgiveness in Africans and Americans Rebekah A. Phillips, MA, Clark University About the Other: Ethnonational Attitudes in Bosnia and Herzegovina Silvia Susnjic, MA, George Mason University Sydney M. Hoehl, MS, George Mason University Vanessa N. Brown, MS, George Mason University Verla Nathaniel, MS, George Mason University Patricia Rivera, MS, George Mason University Cooperative Learning in College Classrooms: Creating a Positive Learning Environment Michael R. Van Slyck, PhD, Virginia Commonwealth University Rebecca Foster, MS, Virginia Commonwealth University Harm Reduction for Substance Abuse in Child Soldiers David A. Hoffman, PhD, University of California–Santa Cruz Course on Children and War David A. Hoffman, PhD, University of California–Santa Cruz Social Hour 8/18 Saturday: 5 – 5:50 pm • Hilton San Francisco Hotel, Continental Parlor 7

Roundtable Discussions: Eight Interesting Peace-Related Paper Discussions  8/19 Sunday: 9 – 9:50 am • Moscone Center, Rooms 3022 and 3024 Chair: Catherine Byrne, PhD, University of California–Santa Cruz Roundtable #1: Peace and Vengeance—Exploring Origins of Motivations From Within Conflict Zones Barbara Tint, DPhil, Portland State University Roundtable #2: Resettlement Experiences of Young People from a Sudanese Refugee Background Susannah M. Tipping, BA, University of Melbourne, NONE, VIC, Australia Roundtable #3: Promoting Peace and Justice in Higher Education—The Psychologist’s Role Michael D’Andrea, EdD, University of Hawai’i at Manoa Roundtable #4: Ethnonational Group Identification and Violence in the Former Yugoslavia Silvia Susnjic, MA, George Mason University 11 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Roundtable #5: Psychological Interventions in Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement Eduardo I. Diaz, PhD, Miami-Dade County, Miami, FL Roundtable #6: Peace Building Between Palestinians and Jews—New Efforts Spearheaded by Americans Judy Kuriansky, PhD, Teachers College, Columbia University Roundtable #7: Breath for Peace—Yoga Practices in Israel Arielle S. Warner, PhD, Institute of Transpersonal Psychology Roundtable #8: The Healing Journey From Trauma to Activism Leigh A. Messinides, PhD, Department of Veterans Affairs, Long Beach, CA

 Invited Address: Early Career Award Address 8/19 Sunday: 11–11:50 am • Moscone Center, Room 262 Ilana Shapiro, PhD, University of Massachusetts Psychological Theories for Affecting Peaceful Change: Some Challenges and Opportunities Presidential Address: Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence 8/19 Sunday: 12–12:50 pm • Moscone Center, Room 2002 Daniel M. Mayton II, PhD, Lewis–Clark State College Nonviolence in the 21st Century: Challenges for Peace Psychologists Business Meeting & Award Session: Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict & Violence 8/19 Sunday: 1–1:50 pm • Moscone Center, Room 2002

Symposium: Resisting the Drums of War 8/20 Monday: 8–9:50 am • Moscone Center, Room 272 Chairs: Diane Perlman, PhD, Paragon Institute, Washington, D.C.; Roy J. Eidelson, PhD, University of Pennsylvania Must We Always Kill in War? Marc Pilisuk, PhD, University of California–Berkeley Promoting War by Exploiting Our Core Concerns Roy J. Eidelson, PhD, University of Pennsylvania Transforming to a Postmilitary Paradigm Diane Perlman, PhD, Paragon Institute, Washington, D.C. Symposium: Psychology of Political Violence—Implications for Constructive Public Policy? 8/20 Monday: 12–12:50 pm • Moscone Center, Room 302 Chair: Philip G. Zimbardo, PhD, Stanford University What Is the Psychological Impact of Films About Political Violence? Cheryl Koopman, PhD, Stanford University Lisa D. Butler, PhD, Stanford University Rose McDermott, PhD, University of California–Santa Barbara Oxana Palesh, PhD, University of Rochester Philip G. Zimbardo, PhD Politics of Fear: Trading Civil Liberties for Security Against Terrorism

James N. Breckenridge, PhD, Pacific Graduate School of Psychology  Philip G. Zimbardo, PhD

12 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Full Circle 40 Years Later The APA convention in San Francisco marks forty years since the APA meeting in the same city stimulated the founding of Psychologists for Social Action. Rona M. Fields

Five or six psychologists from differ- ganized and executed a Free Clinic in East in the February 16 1972 Congressional ent parts of the United States—each of LA. We had a newsletter, Social Action, Record submitted by Rep. Ron Dellums us anti-war activists and involved with and at one of our semi-annual national (D. Ca.). In an interview with the New Black and Brown movements as well— meetings The Association for Women in York Times I denounced this distortion of were appalled at the way anti-war pro- Psychology was born. In the several years psychology as a science and as a practice. testers in Chicago were being beaten by that followed, Psychologists for La Raza The Science Board was meeting at the police as they tried to confront the Dem- came into being, and the Black Student same time, and when Janet Spence saw ocrat’s convention. APA was scheduled Psychologist Association came into its the resolution, she demanded that I be to have its 1968 convention in Chicago. own. The organization membership grew. censured and exiled! Instead, my seat We felt that the least we could do was Many of the members supported the ac- on BSERP was put up for election, and I compel APA to change its convention tions and applauded the consequences, was slated to run against Kennet Clark, plans in protest. We found the Board of even though they weren’t involved in ac- who had originally nominated me for the Directors obdurately opposed to any tivities in their home venues as PSA. position! I knew I was out, and that was change in plans. In this regard they had the end of the issue of psychologist’s re- also opposed participating in anti-war When, on the insistence of Dr. Kenneth sponsibility for the use of sensory depri- actions, anti-poverty and civil rights ac- Clark, the APA formed a Committee for vation, sensory overstimulation, threat, tions. SPSSI was sympathetic but unwill- Social and Ethical Responsibility and etc. in torture. And with the demise of ing to take action. a Task Force for Women in Psychology, PSA around the same time, psycholo- several PSA leaders were included in the gists’ responsibility for torture became We mobilized using all of the tactic we’d draftees. a back burner issue until 2005 when employed in the larger arena—guerilla the- the APA was about to issue a statement Several members of the original cadre went ater, pamphlets, speaking out and teach- absolving psychologists who, “in the to work to change the criteria for accredita- ing in. We were successful in changing course of their job responsibilities” use tion or validation of major cognitive and the venue. That marked the beginning of their skills and knowledge as psycholo- personality tests, insisting on standardiza- Town Hall meetings, which for a few years gists and these techniques are coercive. tion procedures that took account of cultur- were a feature of each annual convention. In fact, they are torture. Several years al bias and developing broader normative Nonetheless, we felt that out mission was earlier, in 1999, the de-classification of sampling for test development. Sex dis- far from accomplished. We thought of our- the CIA and DOD training manuals re- crimination and sexual harassment, in ad- selves as a “self destruct” institution rather vealed that for many years psychologists dition to discrimination on grounds of race, than a permanent one. That is, when the and psychology had been engaged for sex, ethnicity and sexual preference, were principles we espoused were adopted by the torture of dissidents in Latin Ameri- classified as “unethical” or violations of the the American Psychological Association, ca, and, as I’d recognized it from my own APA Ethical standards. Ironically, when we would no longer have reason to exist. experience, in Northern Ireland. For the next several years we mobilized the Committee on Social and Ethical Re- and took action at each regional and often sponsibility was scheduled to become the So we have come full circle. This year we State meetings of psychologists. At anoth- Board of Social and Ethical Responsibility meet again in San Francisco. The issue er San Francisco meeting of the Western (BSERP), the first harbinger of the limits of of psychology and torture has not been Psychological Association we managed to social action in psychology erupted. finally and fully resolved. Some psy- bring out most of the attendees to join an chologists remain satisfied with taking I brought to the board a resolution anti-war rally and march to Golden Gate Social Responsibility. I wonder if there intended for widespread adoption in State Park. are any who want to take Social Action? psychology. The resolution called on But perhaps of equal importance was organized psychology to take responsi- our collaboration with the Associa- bility and action against the use of psy- tion of Black Psychologists led by Drs. chological experimental techniques and Charles and Shirley Thomas and with psychologists as coercive treatment in pris- community groups like the Brown Be- ons and as torture abroad. The resolution rets with whom the Los Angeles PSA or- was included in a larger piece published

13 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Peace Between & Within Gregory Sims “...peace... is fundamental to our personal lives.”

This compelling quotation by Linda It seems reasonable to look at how we Woolf was displayed on the cover of our treat ourselves, and as a result, how we last Peace Psychology newsletter (Fall/ treat others. Winter ’06). She wrote of how peace is family, safe homes, and much more re- The statement has been made that, with- garding the recovery and well being of in our discipline, we may address inner vulnerable people. Her comments en- peace only insofar as it connects with twined with some thoughts I’ve been other aspects of peace, conflict and vio- developing in regard to the nature of lence in order to be justified as a peace “personal” peace. In order for the home psychology topic. That unnecessarily to be a safe haven for one’s family, all of limits the presentation of materials as to its members need to have a sense of their how to learn more about personal peace own peace and bring it to a family unity. processes in and of themselves. We do This suggests that in addition to peace not, for example, require investigations being the coherent, harmonious integra- into strategies of mediating conflict reso- tion of a democratic and fair social order lution to consider issues regarding inner (globally, nationally, in the work place, peace. Though that may be a good idea, market place and in the home) it is as it is not required of the presenter or au- well, a coherent, harmonious integration thor. Requiring us to tie inner peace of a democratic and fair personal order theory and research to issues of conflict “within” us. It is important that each of and violence suggests that inner peace is us, as a family member and an individual, ancillary to, or perhaps not even a part of know of peace personally. What is this peace psychology. I do not see the logic in highly desirable “peace within”? this point of view.

I asked Dan Mayton and the Executive If the study of inner peace is not a part of Committee of Division 48 to look at the peace psychology, does it belong in psy- issue of “the study of inner peace as being chology at all? Or, there may be an incli- a coherent part of the field of peace psy- nation for some researchers to think of chology.” Though this item was placed on inner peace as an issue more appropriate the agenda of the Winter Meeting, it was to the domains of clinical or counseling among those issues not discussed due to psychology. Perhaps the thought is that an insufficient amount of time, and thus, the unpeaceful person may need therapeu- is still pending. tic assistance. The person may have been victimized and be anxious, depressed, con- Is peace within personhood, inner peace, fused, disorganized or otherwise troubled. a part of peace psychology? Are we inter- But inner peace as a construct is not used ested in the phenomena of inner peace as in clinical diagnostics nor is its use com- well as, for example, focusing upon ame- monplace in clinical settings. In fact with- liorating violence caused by war, social in academic and clinical communities the and familial disorder, or facilitating social reference to “inner peace” is quite rare. At peace and justice? If we are, I believe it this point, it is simply not a part of either is important to look at the qualities and academic or clinical thinking. characteristics of inner peace. Neither is inner peace an evident part of the emerging discipline of peace psychol- ogy. However, that can certainly change. If our model has tacitly or explicitly ex- (Continued on page 15)

14 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 (Continued from page 14) should make the same effort. It seems ob- of reference that includes inner peace? cluded the investigation and reporting of vious that to study the peaceful family, one Only scientific inquiry can answer that intrapersonal peace theory, research and must study the peaceful individual. Fur- question. My hypothesis is that we can. practice, we might want to look at the ther the study of the peaceful individual benefits available through expanding that requires the study of the nature of peace If we do acknowledge personal, intraper- model. It may become an area of focus within the individual. Many unpeaceful sonal, inner peace as being a part of our to which we can ascribe some consider- families are, in part, comprised of individ- discipline, let’s allow the thinkers, au- able significance. Using our definition of uals who, along with other influences, are thors, researchers who wish to investigate peace psychology as being that aspect of engaging in unpeaceful thoughts, attitudes these phenomena to be free of unneces- psychology dedicated to the investigation and practices directed toward themselves sary restrictions and requirements for the of means through which harmonious well and as well, toward others. reporting of significant materials. As with being can be facilitated and direct or struc- other areas of peace foci, we should treat tural violence reduced; once again, can Knowing more about the peacefulness the investigation of inner peace as having this definition be applied to the individual of individuals is worth exploring within its own merit. In due time, it will inter- who looks at world conditions, intolerable our discipline. For it can not but help to face with other facets of peace. That will social circumstances, who quite reasonably provide perspective and data for social be the logical outcome of such investiga- has a sense of foreboding, and wants to be inquiries into peace and the abatement tions. For now, let us figure out what in- more peaceful? I believe it can. of violence. We can draw from these ner peace is. I do have some ideas in this emerging materials in shaping our inves- regard, but I suspect that addressing them We should encourage investigations, tigations into family and community vio- here would require turning this brief essay writings, and programs into the basic na- lence and other areas of social foci. We into a much longer piece. ture of what inner peace is and what it can document that some victims of direct means personally. The study of well being or may also be vic- As our executive committee addresses through personal and social growth is on tims of self inflicted attitudinal violence, this very important issue there should the rise, in part, due to efforts by Martin tacitly accepting violent actions towards be a call for more papers, presentations, Seligman et al, to include more “positive” themselves. With further research into studies and courses on inner peace. investigations within psychological re- the nature of inner peace, can we assist search. The Division of Peace Psychology individuals to engage in a personal frame

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2nd Annual International Conference on “ENGAGING THE OTHER”: The Power of Compassion An international, multi-cultural, multi-disciplinary conference examining concepts of “The OTHER” from a universal, cross-cultural perspective to promote wider public dialogue about concepts of “Us & Them” October 25-28, 2007 in Dearborn, Michigan, USA

Sponsored by Common Bond Institute Co-sponsored by HARMONY Institute, the International Humanistic Psychology Association, and The National Resource Center for the Healing of Racism Supported by a growing international list of over 85 organizations and universities. See www.cbiworld.org for full details.

15 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Book reviews One Mountain, Many Paths Peacemaker 101: Careers Confronting Conflict

Heather Froeschl The Solomon Asch Center for Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict at the University of Pennsylvania is pleased to announce Throughout history people have been seeking spiri- the publication of Peacemaker 101: Ca- tual guidance. It is said that we are not human souls reers Confronting Conflict, a collection of on a spiritual journey, but spiritual souls on a human brief personal essays from 39 participants one. Is there one correct path to peace and soulful liv- in the center’s past summer institutes. ing? Of course not. We are one world with many faiths. The contributors and editors Roy Eidel- Dr. Patrick Swift’s book One Mountain, Many Paths son, Jena Laske, and Lina Cherfas hope demonstrates this beautifully. that this book proves to be of interest to Opening with a letter to his readers, Swift offers his own many people, but especially to students experience of our nation’s tragic events on September wondering how to make a difference in a 11, 2001. In his own search to understand these events and make sense of the world world that suffers greatly from tragic and again, he began seeking wisdom in numerous scriptural sources and working for peace violent group conflict. We recognize that by compiling the quotes that touched him the most. His offering is a tool for readers often it is not easy to see, as a high school to open themselves and learn to be free to move on every path. or university student, how to move from concern to effective action. One valu- The oft used, but always pertinent, tale of the “Parable of the Blind Men and the able step can be to learn how others have Elephant” from Buddhism is a perfect analogy of this book. The quotes encompass moved forward. The personal essays in many views of the same goal. One of my favorites is: “People who praise their own this book offer a broad range of examples faith and belittle the faith of others solve no problems,” Sutrakritanga 1:1.50, Jainism. from which to draw inspiration and direc- Another is: “The Master said, ‘By nature, men are alike; by practice, they get to be tion. Peacemaker 101 is available through wide apart,’” The Analects of Confucius 17, Confucianism, Here lies the problem. We the Asch Center at no charge. If you must learn to be more open to ideas other than our own and come together as a world would like a copy, please contact Roy Ei- race of humans. delson ([email protected]). In order to facilitate wider distribution, we One Mountain, Many Paths is a joy to read a bit at a time, meditating on the wisdom have also made a PDF version available within. Or it can be read normally, letting the messages enter your soul. This gift to online at http://www.psych.upenn.edu/ the world is one I hope many will give to those they love. sacsec/eidelson/Peacemaking101.pdf.

Bridging the Gap to Peace: lease resources from military and defense great contribution to the Culture For From a New Way of expenditures. Think also of the saving of Peace and Non-Violence launched in Thinking into Action resources that can be obtained from the the year 2000 by the Secretary General by Deri Joy Ronis reduction or elimination of violence. of the and the Director General of the UNESCO for the decade Robert Muller To do it, to become a peacemaker— to come. By 2010, all must have dis- whatever your condition is, whatever appeared from this planet, and hopefully, This is a very important book. your walk of life—you must decide first most violence too. Despite all the knowledge and intelli- of all to become a peacemaker. Then all gence the human species has acquired, we the rest will fall into place. This is what Dear Reader, as you read this book, open a still are saddled with about 70 active con- happened to Deri Joy Ronis. In her book file entitled “How I Became a Peacemak- flicts in the world; a record of 80 million she narrates how she became a peace- er,” jot down any ideas that come to you war casualties in the 20th century; and maker and how you can become one too. during the day or the night, and you will yearly “defense” expenditures of 800 tril- This is also what happened to me after soon see your life become a beautiful work lion dollars: one half of all governmental World War II when I decided to become of art, blessed by untold happiness. Please expenditures, from education and health a peacemaker, so that my children and try it. You will thank for it Deri Joy Ronis, to all governmental services. This must grandchildren would not live the horrors and your humble servant, Robert Muller. urgently end because now we are destroy- I saw during that war. I tell my story in Robert Muller is the Chancellor Emeritus of ing the Earth and her nature and must a scattered way in several books, but her the United Nations in give utmost priority to restoring them. book is much better because it is devoted Costa Rica and the former United Nations An increase in peace will therefore re- entirely to that subject. It will also be a Assistant Secretary General.

16 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 2007 Request for Proposals: Raymond A. and Rosalee G. Weiss Innovative Research & Programs Grant

The American Psychological Foundation APF encourages proposals from individu- (APF) is a nonprofit, philanthropic orga- als who represent diversity in race, ethnic- ity, gender, age, and sexual orientation. nization that advances the science and practice of psychology as a means of Proposal Contents: understanding behavior and promoting Proposals should describe the proposed health, education, and human welfare. project and respond to the following ques- tions in five pages (one-inch margins, no APF is seeking proposals for programs smaller than 11 point font): for the Raymond A. and Rosalee G. Weiss ■ What is the project’s goal? Research and Program Grant to support psychology-based programs that respond ■ How is the sponsoring organization to emergencies or disaster relief. qualified to conduct this project?

Amount: ■ What, if any, other organizations are P eace building Up to $20,000 will be available for projects. involved in the project? What are their contributions to the work? by Steven Handwerker Goals: Program must demonstrate a well thought- ■ How does the proposed project relate out approach to the sustained rebuilding to the applicant organization’s mission? Angels Gathering; of the community. ■ Whom will this project serve? From Above; Programs must: ■ What are the intended outcomes, and And Below: ■ Encourage the application of psycho- how will the project achieve them? logical science to problems arising in This place, this time; the aftermath of disasters and crises, ■ What is the geographic scope of the proposed project? Hallowed ground; ■ Implement psychological principles into innovative programs into the re- ■ What is the total cost of the project? Made Sacred by; covery effort. To Apply: The Profound; Eligibility: Submit a proposal and CV of the project The Art; Applicants must be affiliated with -edu leader online at http://forms.apa.org/apf/ cational institutions or a 501(c)(3) non- grants by July 1, 2007. For more infor- The Science; profit organizations or affiliated with such mation, visit www.apa.org/apf. an organization. Special consideration The Willful Faith; will be given to programs with broad- Questions about this program should be based community support. directed to Idalia Ramos, Program Offi- Actions of and for; cer, at [email protected]. APF will NOT consider the following The needs of those; requests:

Who would enter in; ■ Grants for political or lobbying To this Holy Place; purposes ■ Grants for entertainment or fund- Intention and Action; raising expenses

Is Peace. ■ Grants to anyone the Internal Reve- nue Service would regard as a disquali- fied group or individual 17 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Attitudes Toward International Treaties & Human Rights Agreements Kyleen M. Hashim and Kathleen Malley-Morrison

The United States’ “War on et al., 2003; Nincic & Nincic, 2002), p<.001). To determine whether there Terror” and involvement in Iraq has we predicted that males would show were significantly more respondents sup- renewed questions concerning human greater support for a government’s right porting a national right to break treaties rights agreements and international to break treaties than females. Similarly, than opposing it, we created two groups: treaties. Do nations ever have the right based on studies (e.g., Malley-Morrison 1) the disagree group—participants with to ignore or violate these agreements? et al., 2006) showing greater tolerance scores of 1-3 [totally to somewhat dis- What conditions are seen as justifying for war in Republicans than Democrats, agree, n = 314] and 2) the not-disagree- a breech? When and under what condi- we predicted greater tolerance for break- ing group—participants with scores of tions are these actions viewed as unjus- ing treaties in Republicans. We used a 4-7 [neither agree nor disagree to totally tifiable? These were the questions ad- grounded theory approach to develop a agree, n = 132]. A chi square one sample dressed in the current investigation. coding manual specifying the major types goodness of fit test revealed that there of qualitative response. were significantly more disagreeing than Very few previous studies have explored not-disagreeing participants (X2 = 73.46, attitudes toward human rights agree- Methods df = 1, p < .0001). ments and international treaties, but The sample consisted of 473 respondents there is evidence that as many as 70 or (231 females and 200 males), at least 20 Based on the qualitative responses, most even 90 percent of individuals favor mul- percent of whom were college students participants could again be divided into tilateral policies supporting international from a large university in the Northeast; two groups: 1) opposers—i.e., respon- standards and cooperation, and human the remaining participants were recruit- dents who argued that governments do rights in general (Oldendick & Bardes, ed by the students for a course research not have the right to ignore agreements; 1982; Tordorov & Mandisodza, 2004; project and gave permission for further and 2) justifiers—i.e., participants who Torney-Purta, 2001). However, this level analysis of their anonymous responses. argued that governments sometimes do of support may decrease in response to All participants completed a survey have this right. Consistent with the rat- national security concerns, issues of sov- packet that included an extensive demo- ing scale results, significantly more of ereignty, and belief in a double standard graphic form, as well as the Personal and the 473 respondents gave arguments op- toward the commitments of one’s own Institutional Rights to Aggression Scale posing the “right” to ignore treaties (n = country versus another. Previous studies (PAIRTAS; Malley-Morrison & Daskalo- 250) than gave arguments justifying it (n have revealed that 1) among senators, poulos, 2006). The first section of the = 199) (X2 = 5.56, df = 1, p = .018). Of support for pro-defense measures was PAIRTAS asks respondents to indicate the justifiers, an overwhelming majority negatively correlated with backing hu- on a scale of 1 (total disagreement) to limited such a right to specific (sometimes man rights issues, suggesting that strong 7 (total agreement) the extent to which vague) conditions, and used phrases such support for national security may over- they agree with statements concerning as “only if” and “sometimes when.” ride support for human rights agreements a government’s right to use aggression. Qualitative responses supporting a gov- (Avery & Forsthye, 1979); 2) support Respondents are also asked to provide an ernmental right to ignore agreements for multilateralism decreases when it explanation, in their own words, of their fell into the same four major categories can limit a nation’s sovereignty (Torney- ratings. The current study analyzed quan- as responses arguing against this right. In Purta, 2001); and 3) individuals support titative and qualitative responses to the the “Characteristics of Agreements” cat- stronger commitments to human rights item: “Sometimes a country has the right egory, 34.4 percent of opposers and 21.6 and multilateral policies within other to ignore international treaties or inter- percent of justifiers cited some quality countries than within their own coun- national human rights agreements.” tries (Moghaddan & Vuksanovic, 1990; of the agreement itself to support their rating. Most opposers in this category Torney-Purta, 2001). This double stan- Results and 23.6 percent of all opposers argued dard implies that individuals may justify Consistent with our hypotheses, t-test against ignoring agreements either be- ignoring their own commitments if other analyses of the rating scale responses cause countries must follow rules (e.g., countries also ignore these commitments indicated that females were more likely “Rules have to be performed.”) or be- or are otherwise seen as at fault. than males to disagree that nations had a cause agreements should be upheld (e.g., right to break treaties, t(389) = 3.72, p < Based on previous research showing males “Agreements should be respected: oth- .001, and Republicans were significantly to be more supportive of war than fe- erwise they aren’t worth having at all”). more likely than Democrats to agree males, (e.g., Bendyna et al., 1996; Bourne In contrast, most justifiers said a country that nations had this right, t(96) = 3.54, 18 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 could ignore agreements if they were im- other countries’ agreements to not ag- References practical, obsolete, or unjust (e.g., “If they gravate them”). In contrast, 14 percent Avery, W. P. & Forsythe, D. P. (1979). Human are not …in the majority’s best interest”). of justifiers argued that a country could rights, national security, and the US Senate: Finally, a small portion of opposers’ and ignore agreements if done in reaction Who votes for what and why. International justifiers’ arguments focused on whether to another country’s misconduct, viola- Studies Quarterly, 23, 303-320. the country had previously agreed to the tion of the agreement, or potential threat Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the treaty (e.g., “if it was signed, it should be (e.g., “Only if others aggressed”). perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review. [Special Issue on Evil abided [by]”; “may ignore…agreements and Violence.]. 3, 193-209. they are not a part of”). Discussion Although, overall, the findings suggest Bendyna, M. E., Finucane, T., Kirby, L., In the second largest category, “Effect,” O’Donnell, J. P., & Wilcox, C. (1996). Gender that there was considerable support for differences in public attitudes toward the Gulf 29.2 percent of opposers and 24.6 per- respecting human rights agreements and War: A test of competing hypotheses. The Social cent of justifiers reasoned that upholding international treaties, our analyses of Science Journal, 33(1), 1-22. (or ignoring) agreements would lead to the rating scale responses showed signifi- Bourne Jr., L.E., Healy, A.F., & Beer, F.A. (2003). positive outcomes. Within this category, cantly more support in women than in Military conflict and terrorism: General psychol- justifiers and opposers voiced four- simi men and in Democrats than in Republi- ogy informs international relations. Review of General Psychology, 7(2), 189-202. lar arguments to explain their two very cans—consistent with previous research different stances. In the “Greater Good” on attitudes toward war. Moreover, the Malley-Morrison, K. et al. (2006). International subcategory, 4.0 percent of opposers and justifications provided for the scores are perspectives on war and peace. Peace Psychol- ogy, 15(1), 6-7. 8.5 percent of justifiers argued that up- consistent with patterns identified in past holding/ignoring agreements would ben- research on multilateral policies and hu- Moghaddan, F. M. & Vuksanovic, V. (1990). efit large numbers of people, take away Attitudes and behavior toward human rights man rights—that is, many respondents across different contexts: The role of right-wing harm, or achieve moral goals. Even the indicated circumstances under which , political ideology, and religios- wording used by opposers and justifiers their commitment to agreements would ity. International Journal of Psychology, 25 (4), was often strikingly similar. For instance, decrease. Responses in the collectiv- 455-474. one opposer wrote, “These treaties are for ity and consequences categories parallel Nincic, M. & Nincic, D.J. (2002). Race, gender, and the greater good of mankind,” while one some of the explanations found in the war. Journal of Peace Research, 39(5), 547- 568. justifier wrote, “Sometimes you have to past literature, such as justifying viola- Oldendick, R. W. & Bardes, B. A. (1982). Mass ignore your morals for the good of man- tions in terms of a nation’s sovereignty and elite foreign policy opinions. Public Opinion kind.” In the “Promote Peace” subcatego- and security or as a reaction to another Quarterly. 46 (3), 368-382. ry, 9.6 percent of opposers and 1.5 percent country’s faults. Tordorov, A. & Mandisodza, A. N. (2004). Public of justifiers argued that their approach opinion on foreign policy: The multilateral public would maintain stability or avert war Of particular interest was the extent to that perceives itself as unilateral. Public Opinion (e.g., “agreements are there for a reason which both opposers and justifiers argued Quarterly. 68 (3), 323-348. to maintain peace between countries”; that conflicting actions (ignoring versus Torney-Purta, J. (2001). The Global Awareness “[can ignore only] to promote resolution upholding international agreements) Survey: Implications for teacher education. and peace”). In the other subcategories, create similar positive effects. Albert Theory into Practice. 21 (3), 200-205. respondents argued that not allowing (or Bandura’s theory of moral justification Kyleen Hashim and Kathleen Malley- allowing) a country to ignore agreements appears relevant here. According to Ban- Morrison are at Boston University and can would protect human rights (12.8 percent dura (1999), in order to justify immoral be contacted at [email protected]. of opposers and 3.5 percent of justifiers), acts to oneself or others, some individuals or other people/nations (4.0 percent of rationalize that such acts serve a moral opposers and 11.6 percent of justifiers). purpose. Perhaps in the face of opposers’ arguments and the personal need to ra- In the Collectivity category, 12.4 per- tionalize violating agreements that they cent of opposers argued that agreements typically, or think they should, or are ex- should never be ignored because they pected to value, justifiers may convince signify or promote international collec- themselves that ignoring agreements tivity (e.g., “Never [violate treaties], we serves the same positive goals that op- work together at all times), whereas 7.5 posers pursue. The possible link between percent of justifiers accepted violations justifying the “right to ignore” as a source if they benefited the nation’s interests of positive effects and the theory of moral or policies (e.g., “If they don’t serve [the justification is worthy of further examina- country’s] interests”; “if it goes against tion. If a link exists, these justifications national policies”). In the last category, must be recognized as potentially faulty Consequences, 7.2 percent of opposers rationalizations and not the sound rea- argued that ignoring agreements could soning that should be the basis of poli- lead to negative consequences for their cies toward human rights agreements and own country (e.g., “We should respect international treaties. 19 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Congratulations Representative Richard V. Wagner Maine House of Representatives Our very own Dick Wagner has been elected to the Maine House of Representatives. He is now serving his first term in the Maine Legislature and serves on the Natural Resources Committee. Dick is professor emeritus of psychology at Bates College, president of Psychologists for Social Responsibility, and editor of our journal: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology. He is also a past president of the Divi- sion of Peace Psychology. Congratulations Dick!

The Desmond Tutu Peace Centre

Center focusing on peacebuilding to be built in Cape Town, South Africa

The city of Cape Town has donated land for the Peace Centre, which will be named after Desmond Tutu, Nobel Laureate for Peace, and long-time anti-apartheid and peace activist. Plans for the Desmond Tutu Peace Centre include academic programs, a , exhibitions space, training programs, study and research facilities, civic and public events, and publishing peace-related work. The institution will work toward “using the experience of the South African people and the example of Des- mond Tutu to inspire a new generation of visionary peace builders.” “If you are neutral in situations of injustice, For more information about this project, you can contact the Desmond Tutu Peace you have chosen the side of the oppressor. Foundation, a New York-based non-profit organization. The Desmond Tutu Peace Foundation’s mission is “to help build a world-class facility for the Desmond Tutu If an elephant has its foot on the tail of a mouse Peace Centre in Cape Town, South Africa, and to promote sustainable peace and and you say that you are neutral, the mouse values-based leadership in the United States and throughout the world.” They can be contacted at: http://www.tutufoundation-usa.org/. will not appreciate your neutrality.”

– Bishop Desmond Tutu

22 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Protesters seek change at Capitol

Melissa Muenz

The protest’s speakers addressed the war t was the large group of I in Iraq, the president’s tactics, and the women dressed in hot pink recently announced increase of troops. that stood out most for Megan Powell. Anne Chay, a member of Military Fami- “I think people were really creative with lies Speak Out, feels that continuing to their visual tactics,” said Powell, who at- let her son serve in Baghdad is wrong: tended a war protest at the Capitol with her college’s peace coalition group. A number of senators and members of Congress are saying they will vote in The particular group of women that im- favor of the upcoming supplemental pressed Powell—CODEPINK, a peace appropriation that will allow the war organization for women—was just one in Iraq to continue because they won’t of many groups from across the country abandon the troops. But leaving my son speaking and protesting in Washing- and all the other troops in Iraq to fight ton, D.C. on January 27, 2007. Tens of and die in an unjust and unjustifiable thousands of protestors from all over war—that is abandoning our troops. the country assembled at the Capitol to protest the war in Iraq. According to “I have seen the Families attending the event brought CODEPINK’s website, “It was an incred- protesters of all ages. According to the ible gathering, and we sent a loud and Associated Press, 12-year-old Moriah Ar- important message to Congress to take weeping majors. I nold of Harvard, Mass., spoke out against immediate action to bring the troops the war: “Now we know our leaders either home.” have seen the weep- lied to us or hid the truth,” Arnold said. “Because of our actions, the rest of the CODEPINK wasn’t the only group to world sees us as a bully and a liar.” address Congress that day. Kim Gandy, ing colonels. I am president of the National Organization According to the Washington Post, most for Women (NOW), also addressed the protesters seemed to be under the age of crowd, saying, “Women are marching sick of the death.” thirty, but one couple attending had a because we voted in November, in huge lengthy protest résumé. Laura and Alvin numbers for candidates who said they Sinderbrand, ages 79 and 84, attended opposed the war, and we’re here to hold war in Iraq, according to their web site, many Washington protests in the 1960s them accountable. Women are march- www.unitedforpeace.org. and 70s against the Vietnam War. They ing because we have reached a boiling Powell was one of many students who also protested the Iraq War in 2003. point, and we want Congress to stop “We’re doing it with the hope that it’s go- Bush’s war.” traveled to Washington from their cam- puses that day. According to the Capi- ing to be the last time we need to protest this,” Laura Sinderbrand said. Powell, who had never been to an anti- tal Times, Wisconsin’s Campus Antiwar war rally, said the mood was different than Network also attended the protest; its Many protesters had a more personal other types of protests she had attended. organizer Chris Dols observed, “It gets connection with the war. Oriana Futrell, “The mood was really positive, which fun when you really start marching, and 21, whose husband is an Army lieutenant was nice,” Powell said. “I think people the streets are lined by people, and you in Baghdad, said she was sick of attending felt like we were really changing things.” can really tell they are listening to what the funerals of her friends. “I have seen Powell also said that the protest felt more you have to say.” the weeping majors,” she said. “I have powerful than other protests she’d been seen the weeping colonels. I am sick of to because of the number of people. Other attendees included families of en- listed military, veterans, celebrities, and the death.” The protest was largely organized by other peace groups such as MoveOn.org, United for Peace and Justice, a coalition Farms Not Arms, Iraq Veterans Against of over 1,300 local and national groups the War, and September 11th Families throughout the country who protest the for Peaceful Tomorrows.

23 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Tens of thousands of protesters assembled in Washington, D.C. on January 27, 2007 to protest the war in Iraq. Photos by Mindy Roth.

Post-Katrina Program in the Division 48 Hospitality Suite, New Orleans

Joan Gildemeister

Colleagues from the mental health equately estimated. He was the first to needs to have a strategy to find the trau- community in New Orleans took time speak about but not the last to emphasize matized and adopt a receptive demeanor, from their busy schedules to share with that those serving the disabled were also also to be sensitive to differences among us their activities and responses to the traumatized, in part because of lack of re- those from diverse sub-communities. He catastrophe of last August and Septem- sources, in part because of the dominance observed that the waves of people seeking ber. Julie Levitt, Member-at-Large of the of the medical model. Those on the out- to recover need those who will listen em- Executive Committee, organized this side, especially reporters, understated the pathically and the latter must recognize valuable informal session, allowing us a psychic aftermath following loss of family the need of the traumatized to tell their glimpse into the human maelstrom as the and community (NPR, for example, in stories. The possibility of normalizing of- waters receded and the neighborhoods February and March declared everyone ten begins through acknowledging what dispersed. It appears that crisis situations was OK). The structure of everyday life has happened. The role of the counselor demand extraordinary resourcefulness for many was in the daily routine of the extends to the staff. Co-workers and and may require redefinition of profes- neighborhood that vanished overnight. those with skills can help with de-brief- sional roles in relation to the traumatized Dr. Faust was also the first to mention the ing. Participants acknowledged Baruch’s as well as one’s self structure. The panel need for cultural and ethnic sensitivity leadership and effectiveness in his work provided us with a close-up and personal and for communication skills, regardless with Common Ground. perspective that supplemented the more of one’s professional role. The dominance formal presentations of the official pro- of the medical model was illustrated by Carrie Gavin, a nurse who came to help gram in the Convention Center (which the lack of protest at the closing of five of in the crisis and worked through Com- held 20,000 refugees a year ago). the eight mental health facilities post-Ka- mon Ground, devised a training program trina. The catastrophe and these realities for community members to acquire listen- Douglas Faust, staff psychologist at Chil- led professionals to rethink interventions ing skills. These recruits can make house dren’s Hospital led off, remarking that as locally/family-based vs. clinic-based. calls and train others to alleviate stress. the medical model was a major contribu- This collaborative model has received tor to the difficulties of giving service and Baruch Zeichner, a clinical counselor high ratings of customer satisfaction. The discharging professional responsibility. from Vermont who volunteered on his intake is a crucial element in identifying Only a few psychiatrists and attendants own to come to New Orleans, helped Ju- people who are in crisis. were left in the hospital to contain se- lie recruit participants for the session. He verely ill patients. The emotional impact gave us an overview of the initially im- Melinda Warner of Northshore Chil- and trauma of the crisis conditions under provised and later extensively organized dren’s Hospital in Boston offered distance this model were not dealt with, and the work of Common Ground Health Clinic, therapy and made herself available by psychic consequences of the upheaval the center for street medics. He reinforced phone to those who needed to talk to a on those in residential treatment, as well Dr. Faust’s view of the need to democra- receptive listener. She has a private prac- as those trying to cope with devastating tize the helping process and locate this in tice and serves the displaced. loss of family and security, were not ad- the family and community. The helper 24 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Two Questions in Trauma Study: Searching Here & Southeast Asia Rachel MacNair

The conference of the Inter- in Ho Chi Minh City national Society for Trauma and awaited the re- Stress Studies had its annual sponse of the psy- conference in Los Angeles chiatrists there. The last November. It was timed head psychiatrist to end just right for me to asked me what the go straight to the airport for prevalence of PTSD my flight to Vietnam and was, since he only Cambodia with the People- had known of two to-People delegation. This cases, only one of was organized by Norine which was a veteran. Johnson, past president of The U.S. study said the American Psychologi- about a half had full cal Association. With this or partial PTSD at fortuitous set of events lined up, I had the I think it is that from the trauma stud- some point in their lives, and 15 percent perfect set-up to answer two questions ies point of view, there are a tremendous had this currently at the time in the 1980s that had been on my mind for quite some number of types of causes of trauma. The (Kulka, et al., 1990). Therefore, I suspect time. One of my major areas of study is idea that killing would be one of them the dearth in Vietnam is more likely from Perpetration-Induced Traumatic Stress may well be considered, but people are its lack of reporting than from its actual –PITS (MacNair, 2002). That’s the form very mindful of the complexities that go absence. A tour of the mental hospital of post-trauma PTSD symptoms in which into any given individual’s case. After all, itself made this no mystery, as it was des- killing (or similar commission of horrific there would commonly be traumas that perately understaffed and not a place that violence) is the etiological stressor. The would precede and may contribute to would attract those needing help. PTSD questions were: causing the killing. Then the traumatic has historically had similar problems with symptoms can cause actions or bring its visibility. Why is it that my work on this is so responses that compound the trauma. much more likely to be published or When dealing with therapy or biologi- One English-speaking tour guide, how- accepted for presentation in peace cal underpinnings, these complexities are ever, took quite an interest and had an psychology venues than in trauma psy- uppermost in the analysis. hour-long discussion with me that eve- chology venues? ning. His take on it was that killing would To peace psychology people, on the naturally be traumatic to the Vietnamese My study of U.S. veterans of the Amer- other hand, the act of killing is more soldiers, because they were killing their ican war in Vietnam was one-sided the focus. While its causes are complex, own countrymen. (MacNair, Wagner journal). What the idea that its aftermath may involve about the Vietnamese veterans of that trauma would naturally come more front In Cambodia, where there were no pre- same war? and center. sentations at the mental hospital but only questions, I asked what their experience I sought the answer to the first question There are two exceptions that prove with PTSD was. The psychiatrist an- at the ISTSS conference, a concentra- the rule: one major trauma-studies pub- swered that it comes in waves, since with tion of trauma studies people. They had lication that has accepted a chapter on the genocide of the Khmer Rouge they indeed turned down a more developed killing as trauma is a two-volume set in have suffered a collective trauma. Again, paper on the subject, but at least they did which the various complexities may each however, PTSD is not what shows up in accept a poster presentation on my find- get their own chapter (Carll, 2007). And droves at the hospital, though he thought ings with the veterans. I hoped that that at the ISTSS session relating traumatiza- trauma did underlie most of the problems plus other discussions there would give tion to the condemned in capital punish- that did. me the needed insight. ment cases, three of the presenters bought my book on the spot. Research by mental professionals work- In fact, asking the question outright never ing in the field is quite impossible in drew a cogent response, though the question As for the second question, I gave my either country. They have far too much was thought to be interesting. Yet I think I presentation on the study with the Amer- of a caseload, with far too inadequate re- did get my answer from observation. ican veterans at a public mental hospital sources. Any research done, such as that 25 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 (Continued from page 25) already going on in Cambodia on the The Lyin’ King second-generation effects, will likely be done by students and professors. Monroe Peter Friedman

So the answer to the second question is that a thorough and rigorous study of the The lyin’ king lies asleep in his bed kind the U.S. did is not in the works, and with visions of draped caskets alive in his head. not likely to be before the generation in question passes away. But this is not due The lyin’ king lies asleep in his bed to any conceptual or cultural resistance, with nightmares of draped caskets aflame in his head. nor to lack of skills or knowledge by psy- chologists or psychiatrists there. Rather, meager resources are still required for the He’s a man-child master of mass destruction, more basic and urgent needs. a sob-sad grad of Ivy League instruction. References Yes, Harvard and Yale (and stops in between), Carll, E.K. (Ed.) (2007). Trauma psychology. Westport, CT: Greenwood Praeger. and now he’s in charge of a death machine. Kulka, R. A., Schlenger, W..E., Fairbank, J. A., Hough, R. L., Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., & Weiss, D. S. (1990). Trauma and the Vietnam Thousands have perished from his scandalous sting, war generation: Report on the findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. as millions were deceived by the lyin’ king. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Our neighbors abroad are shocked by his acts; MacNair, R. M. (2002a). Perpetration-Induced Traumatic Stress: The psychological consequenc- they cannot believe our spirit’s so lax. es of killing. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. MacNair, R. M. (2002b). Brief Report: Perpetra- tion-Induced Traumatic Stress in Combat Veter- Americans all over continue to ponder, ans. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 8, pp. 63-72. “When will it end and what will we squander?” And they softly ask, “What will become of us?” “What, dear Lord, will become of us?”

The lyin’ king lies asleep in his bed. Asleep he lies, as the lights blink “Code Red.” The lyin’ king lies…and lies and lies, amid his people’s sorrows and sighs.

26 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 The Worldview Construct & Peace Psychology Mark E. Koltko-Rivera

In recent years, a conceptual tool has been described that can be of great utility to practitioners, researchers, and theorists in peace psychology: the construct of worldview (or ‘world view’). In this article I describe the construct, its utility to those interested in peace psychology, some research questions, and practical matters of interest.

The Worldview Construct to apply the worldview construct to the are reflections of worldview. One nation A worldview is a cognitive structure that concerns of peace psychology. may take the initiative to address pro- comprises a set of foundational assump- actively the drought, its causes, and its tions about physical and social reality The Relevance of the Worldview effects, without involving its neighbors (Koltko-Rivera, 2004). Worldview as- Construct to Peace Psychology one way or another; another nation may sumptions address a wide variety of top- Human conflict and its resolution are react more passively; another may reach ics, including: what exists and does not rooted in many factors, some relatively out to its neighbors for help; yet another exist in the world; what can be known or more tangible (e.g., historical events; may seek to appropriate its neighboring done in the world, and how this can be presence and absence of various natural nations’ water resources, perhaps through known or done; what objects and objec- resources; economic and demographic the violence of war. In each case, the ex- tives are good or evil; what behaviors are circumstances), and some relatively in- ternal reality of drought may be the same, good, natural, or appropriate, versus what tangible (e.g., culture; religion; values; but internal differences of culture and behaviors are evil, unnatural, or inappro- the psychological qualities of individuals, values—more broadly, internal differenc- priate; in sum, central truths about real- such as psychopathology and personality es in worldview—result in vastly differing ity versus that which is false. Dominant configurations). Although conventional responses to the external situation. worldviews can be defined at all levels of accounts of war and peace emphasize the Worldviews thus have a central role in social process, such as the individual, the more tangible factors, it is important to forming responses to crisis. This suggests culture, the nation, and so forth. note that psychological factors may actu- several areas for both research and practi- ally be more crucial, both to the creation cal application. In a recent article (Koltko-Rivera, 2004), of conflict, and to its resolution. I described how the worldview construct has been addressed by a variety of theo- In the presence of a crisis, a given en- Research Questions rists and researchers over the last century. tity—for example, a person or a na- Several research questions regarding the I also described a model of the many di- tion—will respond in some manner; this worldview construct are relevant to the mensions of worldview beliefs, a theory of response of course will depend, to some concerns of peace psychology: worldview function within the processes extent, upon the resources that are avail- • The role of specific worldview dimen- of perception and behavior, and research able to the entity at the time of crisis. sions. Over three dozen specific dimen- agenda for various fields within psychol- However, different entities, even with sions of worldview belief have been iden- ogy. Elsewhere, I have addressed a variety identical resources, will respond to the tified (Koltko-Rivera, 2004). Which of of topics: how the worldview construct same crisis differently. Worldview—the these, either singly or in combination, has been assessed by various researchers, central component of a culture, and a have an effect upon moderating the re- and how I have addressed this through foundational cognitive structure within sponse to crisis? To what extent do the the development of the Worldview As- an individual (Koltko-Rivera, 2004)— relevant worldview dimensions have a sessment Instrument (WAI; Koltko-Ri- moderates the way in which either a moderating effect? As I have noted else- vera, 2000); how the worldview construct person’s or a nation’s available resources where: may be applied within a general approach are used as a response to a given crisis. to psychological research (Koltko-Ri- How do specific dimensions of worldview For example, a drought is a tangible cir- vera, 2006); and, how worldview may contribute to the creation and main- cumstance with the potential for life and be applied to the psychology of religion tenance of different kinds of conflict? death consequences. However, the way (Koltko-Rivera, 2006-2007) and hu- (This may be framed as an extension of in which different individuals and na- man factors psychology (Koltko-Rivera, the work of Rouhana and Bar-Tal [1998] tions react to a drought may differ widely, Ganey, Dalton, & Hancock, 2004). Here, and Eidelson and Eidelson [2003] regard- depending upon circumstances of cul- I expand on some of my earlier comments ing the psychological underpinnings of ture, religion, and values, all of which (Koltko-Rivera, 2004) regarding how intractable conflict.) It has been asserted

27 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 that [the worldview position of] an ex- therapy, it is not to be expected that ‘one Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2000). The Worldview treme linear relation to authority under- size should fit all,’ as it were. Paraphrasing Assessment Instrument (WAI): The development and preliminary validation of an instrument lies genocidal violence (Staub, 1996). the advice of G. L. Paul regarding psy- to assess world view components relevant to Eidelson and Eidelson (2003) noted five chotherapy research, we might say: counseling and psychotherapy (Doctoral disser- “worldviews” (i.e., worldview dimen- tation, New York University, 2000). Dissertation sions) that seem associated with large- The question to which all conflict resolu- Abstracts International, 61 (04), 2266B. (UMI Microform No. 9968433) scale intercultural violence (Koltko-Ri- tion outcome research should ultimately vera, 2004, pp. 45-46). be directed is the following: What interven- Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2004). The psychology of tion, by whom, is most effective for groups worldviews. Review of General Psychology, 8, • The role of specific worldview confron- with these specific worldviews and that spe- 3-58. (On-line at http://www.apa.org/journals/ features/gpr813.pdf) tations. When two social groups come cific problem, and underwhich set of circum- into contact, there will be areas in which stances (inspired by Paul, 1967, p. 111). Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2006, Spring). Worldviews, their respective dominant worldviews families, and grand theories: Strategies for • Effectiveness of addressing conflict unification in psychology. The General Psycholo- will be similar, and others in which they gist, 41(1), 11-14. (On-line at http://www.apa. will be different. As noted elsewhere: in terms of specifics versus worldviews. org/divisions/div1/news/Spring2006/GenPsych- One high-level issue regarding conflict Spring06.pdf) Worldview differences may be a source of resolution involves the relative advisabil- Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2006-2007, Winter). Re- conflict. However, it may be the case that ity of addressing a given conflict in terms ligions influence worldviews; worldviews influ- certain worldview similarities foment con- of two distinct approaches. One approach ence behavior: A model with research agenda. flict. For example, consider two groups, involves addressing the specifics of the Psychology of Religion Newsletter, 32(1), 1-10. (On-line at http://www.apa.org/divisions/div36/ each of which takes the following world- conflict itself (i.e., the specific historical Newsltrs/ v32n1.pdf) view positions: The group has full pos- and current circumstances and events). session of a truth that is both universal Another approach involves addressing the Koltko-Rivera, M. E., Ganey, H. C. N., Dalton, J., & Hancock, P. A. (2004). Worldview and in scope and exclusively available to the conflict in terms of the specific worldview acculturation as predictors of performance: Ad- group, and—perhaps most important— dimensions, similarities, or differences dressing these variables in human factors/ergo- otherness is intolerable. Despite these that may underlie the conflict. It may well nomics research. In Proceedings of the Human worldview similarities—indeed, because be advisable to use both approaches, al- Factors and Ergonomics Society, 48, 1223-1227. (On-line at http://www.peterhancock.ucf.edu of these worldview similarities—should though ultimately this decision should be /Downloads/ref_con_pubs/KoltkoRivera_Ganey_ the groups differ in the substance of their guided by appropriate research. Dalton_H_2004.pdf) “truths” (e.g., political, scientific, or reli- Paul, G. L. (1967). Strategy of outcome research gious doctrines), this could set the stage Conclusion in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting Psychol- for serious, protracted conflict (Koltko- I have described the worldview construct, ogy, 31, 109-118. Rivera, 2004, p. 46, emphasis original). and ways in which it may be applied to Rouhana, N. N., & Bar-Tal, D. (1998). Psycho- research and practice in peace psychol- logical dynamics of intractable ethnonational Practical Issues ogy. My hope is that psychologists inter- conflicts: The Israeli-Palestinian case. American Practitioners of peace psychology might ested in peace psychology will include Psychologist, 53, 761-770. find it worthwhile to investigate the fol- the worldview construct in their teach- Staub, E. (1996). Cultural-societal roots of vio- lowing issues: ing, research, theory, and practice. lence: The examples of genocidal violence and of contemporary youth violence in the United • Matching of conflict resolution tech- References States. American Psychologist, 51, 117-132. niques to specific constellations of world- Eidelson, R. J., & Eidelson, J. I. (2003). Danger- Mark E. Koltko-Rivera can be contacted at view dimensions. A variety of conflict ous ideas: Five beliefs that propel groups toward [email protected] or [email protected]. conflict.America Psychologist, 58, 182-192. resolution techniques exist. As in psycho-

There are three truths: my truth, your truth and the truth. Chinese Proverb

28 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Candidate Statements • Candidate Statements • Candidate Statements

Candidate Statements for the Firm, Fair and Friendly: Police Com- on social justice for all. I value our par- President-elect munity Relations Leadership Program. ticipation in the DSJ, CIRP, COR, and I respect adversarial processes, but I am with PsySR and will continue to develop Eduardo I. Diaz, PhD also a strong advocate of restorative jus- and strengthen those alliances. Through My candidacy is based on a vision that tice models of accountability. unity, we can be the conscience of APA. we have a duty to facilitate the transfor- mation of peace psychology research into Subsequent to a mild heart attack, I have •Our support for the development and language that is readily usable by non- reassessed what is left for me to do and dissemination of new knowledge (through psychologists implementing social action concluded that I want to see more psy- Peace and Conflict, Peace Psychology and initiatives. I have spent many years in the chologists visible in the struggle for peace book series) about conflict resolution, trenches of our domestic justice system, with justice, locally as well as nationally violence prevention and other aspects addressing both victims and offenders. I and internationally. If that vision speaks of the psychology of peace; to improve am a peace psychology practitioner who to your condition, I would appreciate the dissemination of the significant ex- is dedicated to serving the poor, disad- your support. isting peace psychology knowledge base vantaged and those otherwise victimized through traditional means (textbooks, by structural violence. JW P. Heuchert, PhD academic publications, etc.) and by de- I am honored to be nominated to be a veloping new mechanisms to get the word I am an immigrant who has been married candidate for president-elect of our Divi- out to the larger community; to mobilize for 36 years to Dr. Clara Logan Diaz. The sion/Society. I have been affiliated with our members. oldest of our three daughters, Dr. Alicia APA since the mid-1980s, but only felt Diaz, is also a psychologist graduated from “at home” when I joined the Peace Psy- I started out as an activist, but now I’m our alma mater, The Ohio State Univer- chology Division. Since then I’ve been more an academic (teaching; research sity. Lilia and Sara are pediatric nurses. fortunate to have the opportunity to —peace and personality; writing—e.g. a work for the division in many capacities. chapter in a recent PsySR book) and a cli- I have served on the national steering nician (conflict resolution, inner peace). committee of Psychologists for Social Re- If elected as President, I will be pleased to take on the greater responsibility for the As editor of Peace Psychology, I more than sponsibility (PsySR) and am now Presi- doubled the number of pages printed, and dent Elect of the National Association fulfillment of our shared vision of local and global peace and social justice. through a sponsorship, I managed to cut for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforce- out our printing cost altogether. I have ex- ment (NACOLE). I serve as the editor of our newsletter— panded the content to include academic I have been involved in international Peace Psychology; I serve on the division’s articles and to be more diverse—focusing peace consultations and currently serve Executive Committee, the Publication on a strong representation of women and on the steering committee of the Inter- Committee; and I served as the co-chair traditionally under-represented groups, national Network for Independent Over- of the Convention Program for our 2004 addressing more international issues, and sight of Policing (INIOP). meeting in Hawai’i. In these capacities encouraging student members to contrib- I’ve been privileged to work with our ute. I will continue in this vein and will I serve as a facilitator of intensive experi- dynamic leaders and our dedicated mem- use my experience to build our organiza- ential, prison and community workshops bers. I have always been impressed with tion so that it will be a home for peace- based on the Alternatives to Violence our members’ dedication to our cause of minded activists and academics, students Project (AVP) model. peace and social justice and the amount and seniors, locals and internationals. We I have spent the last 25 years as a public of work our members accomplish. I will live in a time where we need all hands on servant, operating crime prevention pro- be pleased to continue to facilitate that deck—that’s where I’ll be, and encourage grams and addressing the needs of those work through developing and expanding others to be. impacted by domestic violence, child our organization and working toward ful- abuse, juvenile delinquency, refugee or en- filling the division’s strategic objectives. Candidate Statements for trant status, ex-offender exclusion, etc. Through the excellent leadership of our Member-at-large As Executive Director of Miami-Dade division’s current and past presidents, Judy Kuriansky, PhD County’s Independent Review Panel (IRP), COR representatives, and other Execu- With war so prevalent in our lives today, I have grown to appreciate the mandate to tive Committee, Working Group, and Division 48 is more important than ever do “external community fact-finding and various committee members, Division 48 to members, potential members, APA and dispute resolution” in a manner that values has grown in influence and stature. Ex- the public. That’s why I would be hon- proactive efforts toward violence reduc- panding this legacy means that we need ored and devoted to serve as Member-at- tion, community building and constructive to continue: Large for the division. As the Division’s Member-at-Large, I would: conflict actions. I partnered with the Mi- •To make our voice heard in APA ami-Dade Police Department and the local through our involvement in the struc- 1) represent members’ interests on the Community Relations Board to implement tures of APA and through our insistence Executive Committee;

29 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Candidate Statements • Candidate Statements • Candidate Statements

2) undertake responsibilities, tasks or ciliation around the world, from South participated in APA’s nation-wide evalu- projects to further the Division’s mission, America to Asia, and from Israel to Iran ation of “Parents Raising Safe Kids,” an including on issues like increasing mem- and India. In my role at the United Na- eight-week violence-prevention parent- bership, involving students, highlight- tions, I have created cooperations with training program in which preliminary ing member’s work, defining the division important disaster risk reduction pro- findings show attitude change against stance on topics like treatment of prison- grams, lobbied world governments about spanking as a discipline method of choice. ers, torture, and related issues. mental health, and moderated many Recognizing that raising safe children re- panels about global security, includ- 3) contribute to the division as media li- quires safe communities, I intend to pro- ing on “Achieving Collective Security: aison, developing projects to feature the mote awareness that violence is a serious Partnerships to prevent fear, violence, work of division members. public health problem requiring a united genocide, and terrorism through target- community effort applying evidence- I am very dedicated to the mission and ing the MDG goals.” Besides clinical based violence-prevention methods. growth of the division and to colleagues work and research, I am very involved in in the division and have fully enjoyed my mentoring and teaching, and supervise Candidate Statements for the role as media advisor. The Katrina fund- many student projects related to peace, Council of Representatives raiser Joan Gildemeister and I developed including supporting student participa- for Division 48, presented at APA in tion in APA activities and world con- Hector Betancourt, PhD New Orleans, was highly successful and ferences related to peacebuilding. This I hold a Ph.D. from UCLA (1983), and received great appreciation from state of- perspective fuels my dedication to the am a professor of psychology at Loma ficials in supporting wellness workshops mission of Division 48, which I would Linda University, California, and Uni- for hurricane survivors. It is a good model serve as Member-at-Large. versidad de La Frontera, Chile. My main of how the division can serve the com- academic interests are the psychological munity and further trauma recovery and Virginia V. Ryan, MS study of peace, conflict and violence, as social welfare. I am happy to bring my experience as the well as the role of culture and behavior in oldest living graduate student interested health inequities. I’ve been a member of As Member-at-Large for the division, in violence prevention to Division 48 as APA since 1986 and a Fellow since 2002. I can utilize my extensive experience Member-at-Large. As a member of Division 48 I’ve served working on professional association as Division president, Member-at-Large I have served on the board of Healthy boards, including as Member-at-Large of the Executive Committee, chair of the Capital District Initiative in Albany, NY. for the Committee on Mental Health of scientific program committee for APA This group of health providers, HMOs, the United Nations NGO/Department of convention, and chair of the Taskforce on health departments and county govern- Public Information; main representative Ethnicity. I’ve also served as SPSSI coun- ment in the tri-county region, deter- to the United Nations for two interna- cil member, and PsySR steering commit- mined that violence was among four top tional organizations; past president of the tee member, and have been on the board health problems in the area. American Women in Radio and Televi- of international organizations, such as sion in New York and Foundation Board As an associate professor of psychology at the Inter-American Society of Psycholo- co-chair; as well as board member of vari- the Sage Colleges, I was invited to chair gy. As a Division 48 representative to the ous public interest groups. a team promoting violence prevention. APA Council of Representatives, I would The mission of our Society for the Study Two activities that generated public re- be interested in promoting a more active of Peace, Conflict, and Violence coin- sponse were three years of region-wide role of APA in advancing peace and deal- cides with my life work, starting from the “Two Weeks of Nonviolence” in which ing with issues related to the violations of age of eight when my parents asked me schools and other institutions sponsored human rights. I believe that APA could what I wanted to be when I grew up, and activities devoted to violence reduction contribute more than it has done recently I said, “I want to work for .” and three years of Global Challenge in to prevent the use of psychology in war- For many years, I have done disaster relief which local schools showcased origi- related activities, such as interrogations, around the country and the world; par- nal song and dance routines depicting torture, and the “manipulation” of an ticipated on world councils about disaster how students can overcome violence in uninformed public to support war. Divi- prevention and intervention; done re- schools. sion 48 and its members have a great deal to contribute to any APA effort in this search projects about recovery post 9-11, Simultaneously, I have been involved area and, if elected, it would be my privi- post SARS in China and post-tsunami in in APA’s ACT Against Violence, a vio- lege to contribute in this area. At the Sri Lanka; and written many articles about lence-prevention training program teach- same time, I would work with the repre- peace and trauma recovery, as well as two ing adults to model nonviolent behavior sentatives of other divisions, such as the books about peacebuilding in the Middle as they discipline children, helping them “divisions for social justice” to enhance East. In my dedication to that childhood to manage anger, solve conflict, and con- APA’s support for academic and profes- dream, I have done seminars and work- trol the effects of media violence. I have shops about peacebuilding and recon-

30 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Candidate Statements • Candidate Statements • Candidate Statements

sional activities relevant to our commit- to bear on UN policies and programs, to In addition to co-sponsoring various reso- ment to social responsibility. educate about UN conventions and hu- lutions and actions, we have been “mov- man rights and humanitarian standards, ers” for the following resolution and task Corann Okorodudu, EdD to carry out informational and advocacy force proposals: I am a professor of psychology at Rowan efforts directed at members of the diplo- •American Psychological Association 2006 University with teaching, research and matic community and UN agencies, and public policy experience in three broad Resolution Against Torture and Other Cru- to monitor and support implementation of el, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment or domains of psychology: developmental; UN conventions, particularly in the areas educational; and sociocultural psychology. Punishment. Although APA had human of human rights, psychosocial well-being rights resolutions, this general resolution At Rowan, I have also served as Associate and mental health. Vice President for Academic Affairs and serves as the umbrella APA policy state- coordinated programs on African/African Altogether, I offer these experiences as re- ment. It is the first to emphasize APA’s American Studies, Women’s Studies, and sources in my continuing commitment to role and responsibilities as a NGO at the multicultural curriculum transformation. represent Division 48’s strategic goals of UN and, consequently, places UN Con- promoting the study and implementation ventions and relevant international hu- In seeking re-election as Representative of of peace and social justice on both na- man rights instruments at the heart of the Society for the Study of Peace, Con- tional and international levels within the APA policy (written with Linda Woolf flict and Violence–APA Division of Peace APA Council of Representatives, whose and the assistance of numerous members Psychology, I look forward to the oppor- priorities include an increasing emphasis of this division). The items below draw tunity to build upon the very challenging on the international relevance of psycho- upon the 2006 Resolution. but productive past three years of service logical research, education, practice, and Note: It was intended that subsequent res- in that role with Judith Van Hoorn. Work- public policy to global issues. ing with the Division’s President, Linda olutions would address specific contexts. Woolf, and the Executive Committee, as Albert Valencia, EdD For example, I am one of the co-sponsors well as the Divisions for Social Justice and No statement received. of a resolution under consideration that a broad alliance within the APA Council calls upon APA to support a moratorium of Representatives, we were able to sup- Judith Van Hoorn, PhD on psychologists’ participation as interro- port a number of peace and social justice- As Division 48 representative to the gators at U.S. detention centers. related actions of Council and were instru- Council of Representatives for one term •A proposal for the establishment of mental in developing and presenting the I have worked actively to make peace a Task Force on the Psychosocial Effects Division’s recently approved New Busi- and social justice issues more central to of War on Children and Families who are ness Item as APA policy: The “2006 APA Council’s agenda. I ask for your support Refugees in the U.S. (written with Linda Resolution Against Torture and Other to be elected for a second term. Woolf). We collaborated with represen- Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment I have been involved in the Division tatives from the Division of School Psy- or Punishment.” for many years, engaged first in work- chology (Division 16) who joined us as My previous APA governance and public ing groups and as program chair, truly a the “movers” of this action. (In-Progress) policy experience spans the past 20 years full-time position. I am a past president •A proposal for the establishment for a of service as chair of the Committee on In- of the Division and have served on the Task Force on Alleviating the Psychologi- ternational Perspectives of APA Division Executive Committee for six years. Since cal Risk Factors for Immigrants. We joined 35: The Society for the Study of Women; its inception, I’ve been an advisory board representatives from the Society for the member and chair of the APA Commit- member of our journal, Peace and Conflict. Psychology of Ethnic Minority Issues (Di- tee on International Relations in Psychol- I am a Fellow of the Division. vision 45) and the representative from ogy; president of the Division of Peace The Council of Representatives is APA’s Puerto Rico as movers of this proposal. Psychology; and currently as member of policy-making body. As COR representa- (In-Progress) the APA Committee on the Structure tives, Corann Okorodudu and I work to- and Function of Council. My APA gov- In addition to my work with Division 48, gether to represent the Division regarding ernance experience also includes my ser- I have been active in international, na- APA policy and practice. At each Council vice as main representative for APA Divi- tional, and local organizations to promote session, we participate in various caucuses sion 9: The Society for the Psychological peace and justice. I am past president of and meet with representatives from the Study of Social Issues (SPSSI) and main Psychologists for Social Responsibility Divisions for Social Justice (DSJ) to build representative for APA at the United Na- and a member of the Steering Commit- support for peace and social justice agenda tions who contributed to the development tee. My scholarship has focused on peace items. We have spoken frequently on the of APA’s successful application for UN psychology as it relates to children’s de- floor of Council to underscore Division accreditation. As a current member of the velopment. I have co-authored many 48’s positions, not only on issues of direct APA and SPSSI teams at the UN, I con- publications and several books, the latest violence, but issues of structural violence, tinue to work collaboratively to bring psy- published in 2006. such as poverty and discrimination. chological and social science perspectives

31 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 r e P o r T S

APA Council of Representatives (COR) Report Corann Okorodudu & Judith Van Hoorn

We continue to represent Division 48 evaluated and modified in consultation org/releases/MilitaryDeploymentTask- as a team within the APA Council of with a Strategic Planning Advisory Com- ForceReport.pdf. Representatives, with ongoing consulta- mittee that will include Council members tion with the President and Executive with expertise in organizational strategic Note that this task force was implement- Committee of the Division, bringing to planning. Council also approved fund- ed prior to the March news stories regard- bear the goals and perspectives of Peace ing to implement the International Goals ing health care and services for returning Psychology on APA Council’s delib- (Global Opportunities and Long-term veterans and their families—stories that erations. Representing the Division, we Strategies) of the APA Committee for further underscore the importance of the participate actively in a number of cau- International Relations in Psychology work of this task force. cuses of Council, principally, the Ethnic (CIRP). This strategic plan includes goals Minority, Women, and Public Interest and activities in four areas: Caucuses. We function in alliance with � other representatives of divisions that 1) services and resources on interna- belong to the Divisions of Social Justice tional psychology for APA members; Peace and Education to promote APA policy relating to peace 2) global outreach and awareness; Working Group Report and social justice. Linden Nelson, Co-Chair 3) APA and the United Nations; and This fall, Corann Okorodudu was elected I represented Div. 48 and Psycholo- gists for Social Responsibility at an ad- to the Committee on the Structure and 4) APA as a world citizen, working with visory committee meeting last summer Function of Council. This important global institutions and global policy ini- in Washington, D.C. for the Conflict standing committee assesses and facili- tiatives. tates Council’s functions and operations Resolution Education (CRE) Web Site and develops procedures through which The initiation of APA’s Strategic Plan- Project. I joined other representatives Council is kept informed about the his- ning Process and CIRP’s International from the U.S. Departments of Justice and tory and nature of problems and issues Goals Initiatives are relevant to ongo- Education, The Organization of Ameri- facing APA. The committee also over- ing strategic planning in Division 48 and can States, the U.S. Institute of Peace, sees the referral of new business items present opportunities for the Division the Association for Conflict Resolution, introduced by Council members and is to influence and be influenced by APA’s the American Bar Association, and other charged with reviewing the structure and strategic planning processes. groups. The primary purpose of the CRE function of Council every five years. Web Site Project is to provide free or low Resolutions Adopted as APA Policy at cost instructional materials for all age This report focuses on APA’s strategic the February 2007 Meeting of Council levels and all venues for peace education. planning processes and resolutions ad- The project is funded by the JAMS Foun- APA Task Force on Military Deploy- opted as APA policy. dation, the U.S. Department of Educa- ment Services for Youth, Families and tion, and the William and Flora Hewlett Service Members. The APA Council of Strategic Planning Processes Foundation. The website was officially Representatives adopted as association launched at the Inter-American Summit policy reports of the APA Task Force on At its February 2007 Meeting, APA’s on Conflict Resolution Education held in Military Deployment Services for Youth, Council of Representatives (COR) ap- Cleveland, Ohio in March 2007. I will Families and Service Members and ap- proved the establishment of an ongoing continue providing suggestions to the proved the establishment of a Task Force strategic planning process for the asso- project director regarding content and on the Psychological Needs of U.S. Mili- ciation. The CEO of APA, Dr. Norman design for the website. Anderson, will be responsible for the tary Service Members and Their Families. strategic planning process and will report The charge of the task force is to prepare The Working Group was less active in annually to the APA COR and the APA recommendations for APA regarding 2006 than for most recent years. We had Board of Directors on the status, results, mental health services for military service intended to make greater efforts to dis- and implications of strategic planning. members and the families so that a long- tribute and encourage use of our brochure The Council also voted to direct that the term plan of action can be implemented. “Every Child, Every Day.” We had also strategic planning process be developed, For a copy of the report visit www.apa. (Continued on page 33)

32 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 r e P o r T S m e m b e r

(Continued from page 32)

expected to be more active in soliciting and participating in the APA Midwinter n e w s contributions to the Peace Psychology Conference at Loyola University. Over “Democracy is not about words, but action.” Resource Project website. Both of these the previous ten years more than - Eleanor Roosevelt activities will be pursued more vigorously 50 programs have been generated for in 2007. In particular, we plan to signifi- APA conventions and Midwinter con- Anie Kalayjian was among invited guests cantly enhance our collection of college ferences that have addressed values that on October 16, at the Eleanor Roos- teaching materials on peace, conflict, promote peace. evelt Legacy luncheon honoring Hillary and violence. This will involve obtaining Clinton. The Eleanor Roosevelt Legacy new materials from Div. 48 members as This past September we promoted the Committee has become one of the most well as obtaining permissions to place on theme of the impact of values on peace- effective grassroots political organiza- the website the materials we have already building to hundreds of interested inter- tions in America—to help continue the collected. Our website will be linked to national practitioners at a Conference in important work of funding, training, and the CRE website discussed in the para- Michigan sponsored by the Baha’i Foun- electing pro-choice Democratic women graph above. dation. At the APA Midwinter Confer- to state and local office. They honored ence for Div. 36 we presented interfaith the memory of one of American’s finest During the past year, the existing col- topics and values research. First Ladies while building a new genera- lection of college teaching materials has tion of leadership for a better future. been sent by e-mail to about 7-10 people Currently, various tasks that are at the who requested it. I have also responded forefront of the Group’s efforts: Creat- The Eleanor Roosevelt Legacy is a po- to about a dozen inquiries from students ing/participating in programs (at profes- litical resource and meeting ground for about graduate programs in peace psy- sional conferences); compiling a book on women involved in New York politics chology and peace studies. I have posted Building Interfaith Harmony and another and, in addition, raises funds dedicated a number of announcements on our list- book on Peace and Spirituality. Another solely to New York Democratic women serv and expect to be much more active task involves continuing internation- candidates. Eleanor Roosevelt had a in posting information about peace edu- al research using a Peace Inventory that profound and lasting influence on the cation resources in 2007. explores the impact on values and their New York State Democratic Party in role in peacebuilding and coping with which she was an active reformer during trauma. We continuously receive requests critical times. She forged new roles for for permission to use this measure interna- women in government and politics and Peace and Spirituality tionally and in a greatly expanded number we wish to honor her historic legacy by Working Group of venues! building a new generation of New York women candidates and informed voters Steve Handwerker Additional work includes working with and activists. The Working Group for Peace and religious and community leaders to ex- Spirituality begins its twelfth winter and pose the ideas of building interfaith har- The goals include: continues to engage and expand its pro- mony through the generation of various To raise funds to elect women to state and motion and project venues, research en- curricula within the settings of each of local offices; to provide political training deavors and community work. To this the various groups. One such continu- and leadership development to the women point in time we have documented over ing project exposes and shares marriage of New York; to increase women’s partici- 450 inquiries! Some of the broad range ceremony rituals from different perspec- pation in the political process, both as of interests that have been part of this tives to different religious groups. A book activists and as candidates; to establish a Group’s activities include: the beginning is still at the beginning stages in this area statewide network of women community of a book with various members (and pro- of interfaith work and through the ini- leaders, elected officials, and activists; to fessionals outside 48) on “Building Unity tiation of various members it is receiving promote policies that reflect women’s pri- Through Education”; a presentation and top priority. We are very excited about orities; and to communicate the Demo- publication at Oxford University of re- all this wonderful work. Please know that cratic message to women. sults from international research on val- any and all interested people who have ues that promote peace; working within ideas and projects of concern in regard Hillary Clinton gave a moving presenta- communities with religious leaders to cre- to values and their impact on Peace are tion on the needs to move this nation to ate Sunday school curricula that address welcome! We gladly invite your input a healthier future. Kalayjian and Clin- tolerance and understanding between the into this vital arena of peacebuilding. ton had an opportunity to talk and share faiths; research in relation to resiliency Please contact Steve Handwerker (peace- common goals and future plans to col- (and the prevention of burnout) and [email protected]) 7300 W. Camino Real laborate. the establishment of a reliable measure; Ste 229, Boca Raton, FL 33433.

33 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF PEACE, CONFLICT & VIOLENCE SURVEY – 2007

The purpose of this survey is to explore your interests in peace psychology and the focus of your priorities. Please reply to these questions by regular mail to Joan Gildemeister, 4406 35th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20008 or by e-mail to me at [email protected], and I will send you an electronic version of the survey. Your input is vital to the effectiveness of the Society.

1. Name ______

E-mail ______May we share this with other Div. 48 members? Y❑ N❑

Affiliation______

2. Division Status: ❑ Fellow ❑ Member ❑ Associate ❑ Professional Affiliate ❑ Student Affiliate

3. The interests of Society members are diverse and are organized into working groups. Indicate the working groups in which you have been active or in which you have an interest: a ❑ Children, Families and War e ❑ International Peace Practitioners Network b ❑ Conflict Resolution f ❑ Peace Education c ❑ Ethnicity and Peace g ❑ Peace and Spirituality d ❑ Global Violence and Security h ❑ Peace and Sustainable Development j ❑ Other i ❑ Student and Early Career Development

Please answer the following. We would like to know your perspective on the goals of Div. 48, Peace Psychology (Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence) If needed, add more comments on a separate piece of paper and include it with this survey.

Peace Education: Please rank these from 1 to 3 in terms of your view of Division priorities in the coming year. ____Promote curricula and teaching of peace psychology at the high school level ____Promote curricula and teaching of peace psychology at the college level ____Publicize student peacebuilding and conflict resolution at the community, national and international level Activist Focus: Please rank these from 1 to 3 in terms of your view of the importance of peace activism now. ___Publicize activities of Peace Psychology Working Group members at the local and international level ___Publish a series of practical examples of individual and group actions to increase peace ___Promote practices of conflict resolution and reconciliation within activist groups

Ways to Increase Diversity: Please rank these from 1 to 4 in terms of effective ways to increase diversity. ___Seek greater diversity in Peace Psychology membership ___Focus on victimization of women and children as targets of domestic and global violence ___Assess diversity in research and practice concerns: are we working for social justice, reducing inequality ___Increase awareness of victimization of nonwhites in the military and as targets of domestic and global violence

Please return by regular mail to: Joan Gildemeister, 4406 35th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20008

or e-mail: [email protected]. 34 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Please welcome the following NEW MEMBERS Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence: Peace Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association If you know any of our new members, please reach out and extend a personal welcome to them! Thanks for joining our collective effort to bring about peace in the world! Please spread the word to your friends and colleagues and direct them to www.peacepsych.org to join us. We count on your energy and enthusiasm to participate in Peace Psychology activities.

Elizabeth Abrams, IL Lissa Geikin, OR Duc Viet Nguyen, CA Elizabeth Anderson, IL Benjamin Graham, IL Laurie Ann O’Connor, FL John Arnaldi, FL Murren Hill, FL Aly Ostrowski, Canada Dakota Bayard, CA Meredith Hughes, CA Sherry Palamara, FL Henry Beck, PA Janet Hurwich, CA Nebojsa Petrovich, Serbia-Montenegro Meredith Bland-Griffin, TX Brian Isakson, GA Mindy Puopolo, CA Virginia Boga, NY Jennifer Krawet, NY Jennie Ritter, ID Diane Bridgeman, CA Alicia Kremsky, CA Cary Roseth, MN Sarah Bucic, DE Joanna Leigh, MA Eileen Saal, OH Meela Chen, OK Benjamin Marcus, CA Christopher Siciliano, CA Richard Coffenbarger, WV June Martin, CA Heather Simmons, OK Jane Conner, NY Rebecca McCowan, OR Michael Smith, OH Barbara Cowen, NY Patricia McCullough, OH Donna Smith, WA Kimberly Daubman, PA Timothey McHargue, CA Jilisa Snyder, VT Lane DeWan, UT Hamid Mirsalimi, GA Alicia Stokes, CA David Dixon, IN Julia Moss, MA Christina Tinari, PA Judy Eidelson, PA Sallie Motch, NY Brenda Voytek, SC Christopher Flynn, VA Therese Nemec, WI Lindsay Wandrey, CA

If you miss your Peace and Conflictor newsletter, notify Membership: [email protected].

35 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Division 48 Directory Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence: Peace Psychology Division of the APA As of May 2007

NOMINATIONS & ELECTIONS PEACE & EDUCATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Linda M. Woolf, Chair – see Past President Linden Nelson, Co-chair PRESIDENT Dept. of Psychology and Child Development, PROGRAM COMMITTEE Dan Mayton Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407; Catherine Byrne, Chair – See Executive Committee Lewis-Clark State College, 500 Eighth Ave., Lewiston, ID 805-756-5705; [email protected] 83501-2698; 208-792-2280; 208-792-2820 (fax); PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Michael Van Slyck, Co-chair [email protected] Dan Christie, Chair Dept. of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1465 Mt. PAST PRESIDENT 808 West Franklin St., P.O. Box 842018, Richmond VA, Vernon Avenue, Marion, OH 43302; 614-292-9133 x6244 Linda M. Woolf 23284-2018; 804-828-8034; 804-828-2237 (fax); (w); 740-363-0518 (h); 614-292-5817 (fax); christie.1@ Webster University, 470 East Lockwood Ave., Saint Louis, [email protected] osu.edu MO 63119-3194; 314-968-7062; [email protected] PEACE & SPIRITUALITY JW P. Heuchert – See Executive Committee PRESIDENT-ELECT Steve Handwerker The International Association for the Advancement Deborah Fish Ragin Janet Schofield of Human Welfare Dept. of Psychology, Montclair State University, 517 LRDC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260-0001; 7300 W. Camino Real Ste. 229, Boca Raton, FL 33433; 1 Normal Avenue, Upper Montclair, NJ 07043; 412-624-7473; [email protected] 973-655-4176; [email protected] 561-447-6700; [email protected] Richard V. Wagner – See Executive Committee SECRETARY STUDENT & EARLY CAREER Kathleen Dockett Deborah DuNann Winter University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC Dept. of Psychology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA LIAISONS 20008; 202-274-5705; 202-274-5003 (fax); [email protected] 99362; 509-527-5123; [email protected] PsySR TREASURER STRATEGIC PLANNING COMMITTEE Colleen Cordes – Executive Director John Gruszkos Dan Mayton – See President Psychologists for Social Responsibility, Glen Forest Associates, Ltd, 7301 Forest Ave., Suite 201, 208 I St. NE, Suite B, Washington, DC 20002-4340; Richmond, VA 23226; 202-543-5347; 202-543-5348 (fax); [email protected] 804-285-4121; 804-285-4123 (fax); [email protected] WORKING GROUPS CHILDREN, FAMILIES & WAR DIVISION 2 – TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY MEMBERS-AT-LARGE Petra Hesse, Co-chair Linda M. Woolf – see Past President Julie Levitt Wheelock College, 200 The Riverway, Boston, MA 02215 33 East Princeton Road, Bala Cynwyd, PA, 19004-2242; DIVISION 9 – SPSSI 617-879-2307; [email protected] 610-644-3980; 610-664-3975 (fax); [email protected] Paul Kimmel Kathleen Kostelny, Co-chair 1817 Fuller Avenue, #204, Los Angeles, CA 90046; Donna Read Erikson Institue, 420 N. Wabash, Chicago, IL 60611; 323-876-8932; [email protected] Alliance for Resilient Communities, 2700 Clarendon Blvd., 312-893-7188; [email protected] Arlington, VA 22201; 703-243-7445; [email protected] DIVISION 35 – PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN Judith Van Hoorn – see APA Council Representatives Corann Okorodudu – see APA Council of Representatives John Paul Szura 1165 E. 54th Place, Chicago, IL 60615 CONFLICT RESOLUTION DIVISION 44 – LESBIAN & GAY ISSUES 773-684-6510 x17; 773-684-9830 (fax); [email protected] Steve Fabick, Chair Bianca Cody Murphy 640 N. Old Woodward, Suite 201, Birmingham, MI 48009 Dept. of Psychology, Coordinator of Women Studies, RECRUITMENT, RETENTION & PUBLIC RELATIONS (248) 258-9288; [email protected] Wheaton College, Norton, MA 02766; 508-286-3690; Joan Gildemeister 508-286-3640 (fax); [email protected] 4406 35th St, N.W., Washington, DC 20008-4204; Barbara Tint, Co-chair 202-363-6197; 202-363-9270 (fax); [email protected] Director, International and Intercultural Conflict Resolu- DIVISION 45 – ETHNIC MINORITY ISSUES tion, Conflict Resolution Graduate Program , Portland State Jim Statman APA COUNCIL REPRESENTATIVES University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751; 34 Chestnut Street, Rhinebeck, NY 12572 Judith Van Hoorn 503-291-8183; 503-725-3693 (fax); [email protected]. Aurora Associates, 1825 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 640 Dept. of Educational and Counseling Psychology, School of Washington, DC 20009; 845-876-4211; 202-588-5881 (fax); Education, University of the Pacific, Stockton,CA 95211 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & JUSTICE [email protected] 510-233-2959 (h); [email protected] Deborah DuNann Winter, Co-chair – see Publications Committee COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Corann Okorodudu IN PSYCHOLOGY (CIRP) Dept. of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028 ETHNICITY & PEACE Eileen Borris 856-256-4500 x3782; 856-848-0142 (home fax); Deborah Fish Ragin, Co-chair – See President-Elect Institute for Multi-Track , 6450 E. Hummingbird 856-256-4892 (office fax); [email protected] Lane, Paradise Valley, AZ 85253; 480-951-0544 (phone; for FEMINISM & PEACE fax, same number and then press*51); [email protected] PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIR Catherine Byrne GLOBAL VIOLENCE & SECURITY Psychology Dept., University of California, Santa Cruz, Brian Betz, Co-chair SPECIAL TASKS 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064; Dept. of Psychology, Kent State University, Stark Campus, 831-459-2795; [email protected] 6000 Frank Avenue NW, Canton, OH 44720-7599; ARCHIVES 330-499-9600 x414; [email protected] Michael Wessells JOURNAL EDITOR Dept. of Psychology, Randolph-Macon College, Richard V. Wagner Marc Pilisuk, Co-chair Ashland, VA 23005; Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240; Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center, 804-752-7236; 804-752-4724 (fax); [email protected] 207-786-6185 (w); 207-784-0645 (h); 207-786-8338 (fax); 494 Cragmont Ave., Berkeley, CA 94708-1206; [email protected] 510-526-0876; 510-526-0876 (fax); [email protected] DIVISION HANDBOOK John Paul Szura – See Members-at-Large NEWSLETTER EDITOR Diane Perlman, Co-chair JW P. Heuchert 1325 18th St NW #404 Washington DC 20036 JOURNAL EDITOR Dept. of Psychology, Allegheny College, 520 North Main 202-775-0777; [email protected] Richard V. Wagner – See Executive Committee Street, Meadville, PA, 16335-3902; 814-332-2397; 814-332-4321 (fax); [email protected] INTERNATIONAL PEACE PRACTITIONERS NEWSLETTER EDITOR Joanie Connors, Co-chair JW P. Heuchert – See Executive Committee University of Western New Mexico, Silver City, NM 88061 COMMITTEES 505-388-4088; [email protected] PEACE PSYCHOLOGY TEACHING RESOURCE COLLECTION & LISTSERV MODERATOR FELLOWS COMMITTEE David Adams, Co-chair Linda M. Woolf – See Past President Leila (Lee) F. Dane 256 Shore Drive, Branford, CT, 06405 Institute for Victims of Trauma, 203-488-3044; [email protected] WEBSITE 6801 Market Square Dr., McLean, VA 22101 www.peacepsych.org 703-847-8456; 703-847-0470 (fax); [email protected] Linda M. Woolf – See Past President

36 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Invite Friends to Join Division 48 Division 48 web site Invite your friends to join the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, Please visit the Division 48 web site at: and Violence: Peace Psychology Division of the American Psychologi- http://www.peacepsych.org cal Association (Division 48). Give them a membership application and There is a second way to get to our web site—go to the APA web invite them to join the Society and a working group! site, scroll down to Division 48, click on it, and you’ll find our web The Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence works to pro- site address at the bottom of that page. The APA URL is: mote peace in the world at large and within nations, communities, and http://www.apa.org/about/division.html. families. It encourages psychological and multidisciplinary research, Let me know if you have any difficulty getting to our web site. education, and training on issues concerning peace, nonviolent conflict resolution, reconciliation and the causes, consequences, and preven- Linda M. Woolf tion of violence and destructive conflict. [email protected]

peace is possible. think it. plan it. do it.

Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007 Peace Psychology Spring/Summer 2007