CARE-MEDIFLORA A conservation project for threatened in Mediterranean islands

2016 – 2019

Project summary Project partners ®®Mediterranean Specialist Group – IUCN/SSC ®®Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, ®®Sóller Botanical Garden Foundation, Balearic Sicily Islands ®®CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of ®®Office of the Environment of Corsica – , (Lead Partner) Conservatoire Botanique National de Corse ®®Agricultural Research Institute, ®®Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus – University of Cagliari, Sardinia ®®Department of Forests, Cyprus

CARE-MEDIFLORA partners thank the numerous people who contributed to the success of the project. Acknowledgements

ACCHIARDI Paulin, ADAMOU Adamos, AGOSTINI Henry-Paul, AGUILÓ Maria Francisca, LURO François, LYMPERAKIS Petros, MALANDRAKIS Josep A., AIXART Miriam, ALBERTÍ Neus, ALBERTINI Camille, ALESANDRI Ioannis, MANZANO Xavier, MARCHETTI Stéphanie, MARCHIANI Marie- Jean, ALONSO Ariadna, AMORE Elena, ANTONAKAKIS Alexis, José, MARIA Aithra, MARINA Benkerrou, MARKAKI Eleni, MARKIDES ATHANASIOU Kyriakos, AVIGNON Christine, AZZARO Dario, BALDOVINI Xristos, MASCI Alberto, MASSANET Sebastiana, MASSUTÍ Catalina, Gwenaëlle, BAOURAKIS Georgios, BARREL Maud, BARTZI Maria, BECERA MATTHAIAKAKIS Manolis, MAVROEIDI Lida, MAYOL Joan, MAYOL Martí, Clemence, BELGODERE Lydia, BENOIT-SISCO Bénédicte, BERBIELA Luis, MEDAIL Frederic, MELE Salvatore, MENDES Joana, MICELI Nicola, MICHEL BERFINI Appolonie, BERQUEZ Benoi, BETTELANI Fabrice, BIBILONI Julie, MILLET Jérome, MILLO Claude, MONTERDE Jordi, MORAGUES Eva, Malena, BIKAKIS Michalis, BLANDINO Cristina, BONET Pep, BONNENFANT MORELL Pere, MORY Christophe, MOSSA Biel de, MOZZICONACCI Jean- Olivier, BOSC Valérie, BOUIN Jean-François, BOULLET Vincent, BOUVAROT Louis, MULLER Serge, MUNTANER Jordi, MURACCIOLE Michel, NEARXOU Morgane, BRANCA Fabio, BRULLO Cristian, CABANU Sebastiano, CAFFO Adreas, NIKIFOROU Constantinos, NOGUERA Dolores, NOUSSIA Voula, Salvatore, CAIMARI Toni, CAMBRIA Salvatore, CAN PONTICO Miguel ORFANOS Giannos, ORI Christelle, PAILLY Olivier, PALAZZI Jean-Michel, de, CARBONELL Magdalena, CARDONA Carles, CARDONA Xavier, PANAÏOTIS Christophe, PANAYIOTOU Charoula, PANTELI Marios, CASABIANCA François, CATALANO Domenico, CELDRAN Mireille, PAPACHRISTOFOROU Takis, PAPADOPOULOS Minas, PAPPALARDO CHENON Céline, CHRISTODOULOU Panagiota, CHRYSOSTOMOU Carla, PARADIS Guilhan, PARADISIS Adreas, PARAGIOUDAKIS Ioannis, Georgia, CILEA Fabio, CIRER Eduardo, CLIVIO Pauline, COLAS Hélène, PASTA Salvo, PAUTREL Anthony, PEINADO Julie, PEREZ-GRABER Aline, COLLE-TAMAGNA Stéphanie, CONGIU Angelino, CONTARINO Mauro, PERRAKIS Andreas, PERRAKIS Antonios, PERROTTA Giancarlo, PETIT CORTADA Àlex, COSTANZO Salvatore, COZAR Eduardo, CROS Cyril, Yohan, PETRIDIS Antonis, PIANA Maxime, PICCIAU Rosangela, PIETRI CUENA LOMBRAÑA Alba, CULAT Enric, CULIOLI Jean-Michel, D’AGATA Corinne, PILAVAKIS Konstantinos, PINNA Maria Silvia, PLATANIA Antonio, Giovannino, DAGNAC Jean-Paul, DANIEL Gwennaëlle, DE MARCO PONS Montserrat, PORCEDDU Marco, POZZO-DI-BORGO Marie-Laurore, Antonino, DEIDDA Angela, DELAGE Alain, DELAUGERRE Michel, DELMAS PRATO Carlo, PROSMOGUER Dominique, PSILLAKIS Nikos, PUIGSERVER Maïté, DESSÌ Carlo, DI ROSA Jean-Michel, DUQUE Adrià, ESTRELLES Elena, Joan, QUADRENY Joan, QUADRENY José Luis, QUIQUEREZ Ileana, RAMIS EYHERABIDE Sophie, FALCONETTI Thomas, FANUCCI Patricia, FAVIER- Miquel, RAMOS Ivan, RAMOS Sol, RANNO Veronica, REBASSA Maties, VITTORI Caroline, FERLITO Gianluca, FERRAL Camille, FODELIANAKIS RECORBET Bernard, RIBAS Maria, ROCCA SERRA Jean-Paul, ROGLIANO Stavros, FOIS Mauro, FONS Carla, FORTUNE Marina, FOTAKIS Ioannis, Stéphane, ROMÁN Álvaro, ROQUE Carmen de, RUIZ-ALTABA Cristian, FOUBERT Violette, FRAGA Pere, FREJEFOND Etienne, GARCIA Pilar, SALOM Joan, SALVÀ Francesc X., SANNA Nicola, SANTUCCI Marcu- GARRIDO Marie, GERARD Fabienne, GERBEAUD-MAULIN Frédérique, Alesiu, SARGENTINI François, SARIGU Marco, SASTRE Tolo, SAU Silvia, GIULIANI Pierre-Léonard, GOURVIL Johan, GRADAILLE Josep Lluís, SCHATZ Bertrand, SCIANDRELLO Saverio, SCUDERI Leonardo, SEGUÍ GUASP Concha, GUERY Sophie, GUIDICELLI Livia, GUIDICELLI Patrice, Jaime, SFOUNGARI Iro, SIGNORELLO Giovanni, SIMON-JEAN Carine, GUYON Brice, GUYON Eric, GUYOT Isabelle, HADJIKIRIAKOU Georgios, SIOTTO Francesco, SKLAVAKI Polymnia, SMPOKOS Basilios, SORBA HUGOT Laetitia, IENTILE Renzo, IOANNOU Marios, IOSIF Konstantinos, Laurent, SORBA Viviane, SOUSSAN Marie-Thérèse, SPINOSI Paula, JONAS Christiane, KALLERGIS Manolis, KALTSIS Apostolis, KARGIOLAKI STELIKOS Georgios, TAMBURINO Valentina, TELIER Damien, TEXIER- Charikleia, KASINOS Nikos, KATSIKANI Kleio, KATSOUGKRI Eirini, PAUTON Elodie, THANOS Costas, THEODOSIOU Theodosis, TIGGI Eirini, KECHAGIADAKI Eleftheria, KEFALOGIANNI Zacharenia, KIRCHNER Florian, TIGREAT Justin, TOMI Marc, TORRE Fabrice, TOUSIS Illia, TRAVESSET KONTAKOS Dimitris, KOUKOULA Eirini, KOUKOYRAKI Anthi, KOULIZAKI Anna, TRISTANI Frédéric, TUR Isabelle, UCCHESU Mariano, USAI Olga, KOURTELLARIDES Demetris, KOUTANTOS Thomas, KOUTENTAKIS Claudio, VALDERRABANO Marcos, VALERY Jean, VARGIU Paola, VELA Stavros, KOZYRAKI Maria, LAGUNA LUMBRERAS Emilio, LALANNE Errol, VERONICO Giuseppe, VESCOVALI Isabelle, VET Barbagia, VICENS Arnault, LECA Jacques, LEMMONNIER Sylvie, LENGRAND François, Pere, VIDAL Joan, VINCENTI Virginie, VIVES Antoni, XYLOURI Georgia, LEVIEILS Severine, LILLO Joan, LIONI Artemisia, LLABRÉS Jordi, LLOBET XYLOURIS Georgios & family, ZANCA-ROSSI Matthieu, ZAYAS Carlos Susana, LLORENÇ Lleonard, LO TURCO Roberto, LOI Tonino, LÓPEZ

Citation: Montmollin B. de, Bacchetta G., Christodoulou C.S., Fournaraki C., Giusso del Galdo G.P., Gotsiou P., Kokkinaki A., Kyratzis A., Piazza C., Vicens M. & Fenu G. (2019) CARE-MEDIFLORA: A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands – Project summary. Edited by: G. Fenu, P. Gotsiou, A. Kokkinaki, D. Cogoni and B. de Montmollin . Chania, 21pp.

Layout & graphics design: Mediterranean Plant Conservation Unit and Information & Technology Department of MAICh CARE-MEDIFLORA: A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands

Corsica

Balearic islands Sardinia

Sicily Cyprus Crete

Map adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Mediterranean_Sea_Bathymetry_map.svg - licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license

CARE-MEDIFLORA, “Conservation Actions for Threatened Med- through the collection, seed banking and duplication iterranean Island Flora: ex situ and in situ joint actions”, aims of accessions representative of the overall diversity of the at improving knowledge and conservation of threatened island species plants representative of the entire , through ®®dissemination and awareness raising of the local and institu- the implementation of urgent actions and campaigns. The em- tional stakeholders phasis is on in situ conservation measures that in several cases need to be supported by ex situ techniques. ®®sharing good conservation practises among the partners CARE-MEDIFLORA has been implemented by institutions of 6 ®®reinforcement and enlargement of GENMEDA - Network of Mediterranean islands and the IUCN/SSC Mediterranean Plant Mediterranean Plant Conservation Centres. Specialist Group, who jointly worked to address short-term and The project results are shared with conservation plant special- long-term conservation needs, including: ists from countries all around the Mediterranean, to increase ®®in situ conservation of 51 of the most endangered plant collaboration among institutions dealing with in situ and ex situ species of the Mediterranean islands through in situ translo- conservation, and with local stakeholders, to raise awareness cations and other management measures about the vulnerability of the insular flora and share the good practices and lessons learnt. ®®ex situ conservation of 436 of the most endangered plant

Islands involved: Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, The MAVA Foundation supports the conservation of for the Sicily, Crete, Cyprus benefit of people and nature by funding, Project duration: April 2016 – June 2019 mobilising and strengthening partner institutions and the conservation com- CARE-MEDIFLORA is funded (80 %) by the MAVA munity.

Foundation. Website: mava-foundation.org

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 1 A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands Mediterranean islands and plants

Mediterranean islands, within the iterranean insular territories are ideal Mediterranean hotspot, represent a test sites because of both high rates tomentosa, centre of plant diversity featured by of endemism and a large number of threatened plant in an endemic richness rate higher than environmental/anthropogenic threats Cyprus, ©Department most of the mainland areas. to plant biodiversity. Such similarities of Forests of Cyprus and differences represent a great This plant richness is severely threat- opportunity to join and harmonize ened by several physical and biolog- methods and methodologies focused ical factors and, consequently, many on endangered plant conservation plants of these islands require urgent in such peculiar and unique natural protection measures. laboratories. Because of their limited area, discrete Few projects aiming to develop knowl- nature, and simplified food webs, edge and methodologies in plant islands have often been considered conservation on islands have been ‘‘natural laboratories’’ for ecological developed and implemented so far. studies. Moreover, areas like the Med-

Endemism A taxon whose distribution is con- A species which is only found in a fined to a given area is said to be & given region or location and nowhere endemic to that area. else in the world is endemic to this region.

2 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Which plants are of priority for the Mediterranean islands? Plants that need conservation measures because they are threatened, vulnerable or important for a particular island. For the selection of plants the following four criteria were used in the ‘CARE-MEDIFLORA’ project:

Threat degree Threat degree according to the Red List Categories (CR, EN and VU) of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) This criterion indicates if the plant species selected is included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which is the most complete global inventory of species risk assessments. The threat levels for the selection of species in the CARE-MEDIFLORA project are:

®® (CR) ®®Vulnerable (VU)

®®Endangered (EN) More on: www.iucnredlist.org

Regional responsibility Regional responsibility for endemic plants, peripheral and isolated plant populations “Regional responsibility” is the first order of priority at local level because it establish- es a high priority to plants whose distribution is endemic to a certain region. In fact, regions (islands in the context of this project) have a particular responsibility for the conservation of species or genetic characteristics of species on the edge of their distri- bution because they do not exist anywhere else in the world.

Policy plant species This criterion indicates if the plant species selected is listed in Annexes II and V of the Directive of the European Union (92/43/EEC). In addition, plants listed in other specific national or regional regulations were considered.

Wetland plants Wetland plants are eco-physiologically linked to such peculiar habitats as wetlands and have a particular interest for conservationists because of their vulnerability to climate change. This criterion indicates if the plant species selected is a wetland species or grows in a wetland .

Kosteletzkya pentacarpos, threatened plant in Maresia nana var. glabra, threatened, Lamyropsis microcephala, threatened, Corsica, ©Conservatoire Botanique National endemic plant variety in Cyprus, extremely narrow endemic plant in Sardinia, de Corse of the Office of the Environment of ©Department of Forests of Cyprus ©Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus of University Corsica of Cagliari

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 3 A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands What is in situ and ex situ plant conservation? In situ and ex situ are both methods of conservation of species diversity. The basic difference between them lies in the place where the process is carried out, whether it is in or outside the natural habitat.

Ex situ Ex situ strategies (i.e. conservation of species outside their tissue storage and vegetative cloning, allows to preserve most natural habitats) represent alternative ways to preserve plant di- of the genetic material in a small space. versity. Germplasm conservation, including seed banking, pollen

In situ In situ conservation of species means habitats so that the natural evolutionary in situ conservation is generally consid- the maintenance or recovery of viable processes can be maintained, thus allow- ered the primary approach for species populations of species in their natural ing new variation to be generated in the conservation, while ex situ conservation surroundings. The main aim and long- gene pool that will allow the species to plays a complementary role, providing term goal of in situ conservation of target adapt to changing environmental condi- “safety back-up” and an insurance policy species is to protect, manage and mon- tions. According to Article 8 of the Global against in the wild. itor selected populations in their natural Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC),

Conservation measures

In situ conservation measures include all duction and/or reinforcement), but also control of invasive plants, or restoration measures aiming at improving the con- complementary active management mea- of the natural vegetation within or around servation status of the selected species/ sures (passive defence measures such the area, thus reconnecting isolated populations. The optimal action consists as fencing the area where the threatened remnants). in plant translocations (including reintro- species/populations occur, eradication or

Plant Translocation

Plant translocation is a general term that tentially important tool for conservation. restore elements of biological diversity. describes the controlled placement of The goal of translocation conducted in This term includes the concept of popu- plant material into a natural or managed response to a conservation imperative is lation reintroduction, reinforcement and ecological area. Plant translocation is a two-fold: to ensure the long-term survival introduction. relatively recent development and a po- of a threatened plant species and/or to

Reintroduction Introduction Refers to the establishment of a plant species in Is an action carried out on species recently extinct in their historic an area in which it was present previously, but in habitat, which is no longer able to support the species for various which it has now disappeared. anthropogenic or natural factors. Therefore, in order to avoid the extinction of the species, as an extreme act of preservation in situ, it Reinforcement can be expected to introduce such species in a territory which does Is an effort to increase population size or diversi- not coincide with the historic habitat, but currently presents suitable ty by adding individuals to an existing population. ecological conditions.

4 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Project outputs & results Based on the criteria agreed, project partners compiled their 6 local priority lists into a common one with a total of 735 target plant species of priority for conservation actions.

Then 436 taxa were selected for con- After the selection of target plant species, 410 seed germination experiments servation measures: 343 threatened partners identified plant populations: were completed, providing data for the species (see project criteria on page 3), eco-physiology of the target species. ®®that need urgent in situ conservation 630 under the “regional responsibility” measures Over 27,000 plants (corresponding to criterion, 71 included in the Habitats 162 target species) were propagated in Directive and 80 wetland plant species. ®®where seed collection should be partner nurseries for the needs of project One selected species may satisfy more performed for ex situ conservation and in situ conservation actions, for availabil- than one criteria. use for in situ actions. ity in future restoration actions and for ex 740 accessions (seedlots) from 429 situ conservation in botanical gardens. species were collected and stored in 63 in situ conservation actions & partners’ seed banks; collection, curation measures (for 51 plant species) were and storage of seeds were performed implemented: according to national and international regulations and standards for germplasm ®®translocations (including reintroduc- conservation (such as those developed tion, reinforcement and introduction) by the international networks of GENME- ®®control/removal of invasive/ornamen- DA and ENSCONET). tal species 359 accessions were duplicated in other ®®management measures such as erec- seed banks for security reasons and as tion of protective fences a precautionary measure, aiming at en- suring the long term conservation of the Management and monitoring plans were Seed storage, ©Sóller Botanic Garden Seed Bank collected germplasm. prepared for each in situ action.

All the in situ activities were

implemented in collaboration

with the local relevant author-

ities of each island, respon-

sible for the management of

natural areas. Moreover, the

local authorities were actively

involved both in the actions

and in the monitoring pro-

grammes.

Helichrysum massanellanum seed collection, Living plant collection nursery, ©Sóller Botanic Garden Seed Bank ©Sóller Botanic Garden Seed Bank

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 5 A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands Balearic islands Conservation actions implemented by Sóller Botanic Garden Foundation

In situ Taxon Locality Conservation actions* 1. Dorycnium Punta Prima, Reinforcement of population, The Sóller Botanic Garden Foundation implemented in situ fulgurans Calvià removal of invasive species & conservation actions for 8 taxa in 9 localities in Mallorca and information signs Cabrera in collaboration with the local authorities and private landowners. Cap Negret, Introduction of a new Calvià population

Translocation 2. Myosurus Son Mut Nou, Introduction of a new Management measures minimus Llucmajor population 3. Ononis Cabrera National Reinforcement of population crispa Park

4. Linum Pont dels Re-introduction of population, maritimum Anglesos, removal of competing species Albufera d’Alcúdia

Comú de Muro Introduction of a new population

5. Ononis Cuber, Escorca Reinforcement of population zschackei & fences

6. Isoetes Clot d’Albarca, Translocation, low fences, histrix & Lluc, Escorca removal of competing species Isoetes & management plan for duriei grazing and agricultural crops

7. Ranunculus S’Aranjassa, Removal of invasive species & bullatus Palma translocation

Map with localities of in situ actions (see Table) *Short and long term monitoring of the conservation actions is included.

Seed bank Ex situ 124 germplasm accessions collected from 70 taxa and stored in Sóller Botanic Garden Seed Bank. 50 accessions of 42 taxa duplicated in two Seed banks of REDBAG (Spanish network of Germplasm Banks). 112 germination tests performed for 63 taxa. Over 9000 plants of 17 taxa produced for in situ actions and ex situ plantations.

Living plant collection nursery

6 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Example of conservation action Re-introduction of Linum maritimum in S’Albufera Natural Park (Mallorca)

The sea flax is a perennial plant with long stems from 40 to 90 only two existing populations in the Island (Capdepera and S’Al- cm. It has yellow flowers in clusters forming a corymbiform bufera) had disappeared. Thanks to the conservation of seeds panicle which is very easy to see because of the big flowers and plants in the Soller Botanic Garden since many years ago, and the long stems. Linum maritimum lives in humid and saline now the population of S’Albufera has been reintroduced with meadows. This habitat is rare in Mallorca and the plants of the great success.

Linum maritimun plants in re-introduced population

Collaborators for conservation actions in Balearic Islands

®®Servei de Protecció d’Espècies. ®®Grupotel Parc Natural & Spa Balearic Islands Government. ®®Landowners of Cabrianes, Son ®®S’Albufera Natural Park Mut Nou, Clot d’Albarca and ®®Cabrera Archipelago mari- S’Aranjassa time-terrestrial National Park ®®GOB Menorca ®®Peninsula de Llevant Natural Park ®®Social & Environmental Observa- tory Minorca (OBSAM) ®®Serra de Tramuntana Paratge Natural ®®Calvià Town Hall

Dorycnium fulgurans seeds Ononis zschakei seedlings in the nursery Ononis crispa plants for restoring population in Cabrera island

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 7 A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands Corsica Conservation actions implemented by the National Botanical Conservatory of Corsica

In situ Taxon Locality Conservation actions* The National Botanical Conservatory of Cor- 1. Anchusa crispa Del Sale (Aleria) Introduction of population sica (CBNC) of the Office of the Environment of Corsica implemented in situ conservation Gradugine (Prunelli di Introduction of population Fiumorbu) actions for 7 taxa in 11 localities in Corsica in collaboration with the local authorities. Favona (Sari-Sulinzara) Fence erection & placement of information signs

Translocation 2. Astragalus Punta Alta (Fughjichja) Reinforcement of population, Management measures alopecurus placement of protective cages & fence erection

3.  Trinità di Bunifaziu Reinforcement of population & control trinervis of natural vegetation

4. Elatine brochonii Chiuvina (Santu Petru di Control of invasive species Tenda)

5. Kosteletzkya Pinia (Ghisunaccia) Reinforcement of population pentacarpos Palo (Serra-di-Fiumorbu) Control of natural vegetation

6. Ranunculus Bucchinera-Cuscionu (Sarra Introduction of population sylviae di Scupamena)

7. Silene velutina Cornuta Islet (Zonza) Reintroduction of population, control of natural vegetation & placement of protective cages

Casetta Bianca (Portivechju) Reinforcement of population

Map with localities of in situ actions for 7 taxa *Short and long term monitoring of the conservation actions is included. (see Table), by Mauro Fois Ex situ 105 germplasm accessions collected from 57 taxa , stored in National Botan- ical Conservatory of Corsica (CBNC) Seed Bank and 50 duplicated in other seed bank (INRA) 40 germination experiments performed for 39 taxa Over 1600 plants of 24 taxa produced for in situ actions.

Germplasm accessions

Drying place Germination test Seed bank

8 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Example of conservation action Introduction on protected sites of a threatened species in Corsica: Anchusa crispa Viv.

Anchusa crispa is a rare and endangered species, endemic to ing strength and frequency of storms, are difficult to foresee. Corsica and Sardinia, protected at national level and listed in the Thus, the stations created were almost completely destroyed Annex II and IV of the 92/43/EEC. Specific to by the storm Adrian in October 2018. Despite this, many seeds sandy littoral, it undergoes numerous anthropic impacts linked produced on the sites in 2018 sprouted in the spring of 2019. in particular to the tourist activities. Endangered on the eastern For the time the seedlings seem to be maintained. A monthly coast of Corsica, it was decided to create two new populations monitoring carried out by the Territorial Collectivity of Corsica on protected sites belonging to the “Conservatoire du Littoral”. and the CBNC follows the evolution of these new populations. The sites of introduction were chosen according to precise This example demonstrates once again the difficulties encoun- criteria (ecological conditions, no threats, property rights...). De- tered in this type of operation and the need to preserve “natural” spite these optimal conditions, some factors, such as increas- populations.

Plant production (27/11/2017) Plantation (29/11/2017) Plantation (29/11/2017)

Monitoring (28/03/2018) Plant on 29/11/2017 Plant on 28/03/2018

Collaborators for conservation actions in Corsica ®®National and Regional Adminis- ®®Management Bodies of NATURA tration & National and Regional 2000 sites Scientific Committees ®®National Institute for Agricultural ®®Local authorities (Territorial col- Research (INRA) of San Giuliano lectivity; municipalities: Focicchia, (duplication seed bank) Santo Pietro di Tenda, Serra di ®®Associations (CEN Corse, CPIE Cen- Scopamene, Zonza; municipalities tre-Corse) and private stakeholders community of Alta Rocca) (landowners and socio-professionals)

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 9 Hortus BotanicusKaralitanus (HBK) actionsimplementedbyConservation Hortus Sardinia 10 collaboration withthelocalauthorities. for 10taxa,in9localitiesofSardinia, in implemented oftheUniversity ofCagliari, HBK, part A conserv lutea subsp. lutea (photo by G.Bacchetta) Protective fence for thetranslocation ofGentiana In situ population (photo by G.Bacchetta) Protective fence for theCentaurea magistrorum (see Table), by Mauro Fois Map withlocalities ofinsituactionsfor 10taxa Translocation Management measures a conservation actions in situconservation tion project for thre a tened pl *Short andlong*Short term monitoring oftheconservation actionsisincluded. Seed curation (photo by M.Porceddu) 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2.  3.  4.  5. T axon vulgatum Ophioglossum persicifolia  sandalioticum subsp. Ribes multiflorum Ribes sardoum Astragalus magistrorum Centaurea amazonum Centranthus subsp. morisianus Dianthus Gentiana Over 11190plants 23 germination 52 accessions 127 germplasm Ex situ Senecio lutea ants in Mediterrane lutea morisii

gennarii

from 40taxaduplicatedinotherseedbank experiments performed for20taxa experimentsperformed

accessionscollectedfrom 84taxa of20taxaproduced for (Talana) Monte Genziana Funtanamela (Laconi) (Talana) Monte Genziana Rio IsEras (Talana) Giovanni (Orgosolo) Monte Novo San Funtanamela (Laconi) Monte Corrasi (Oliena) Monte Albo(Lula) (Villagrande Strisaili) Monte Luas (Urzulei) Codula diLuna Portixeddu (Buggerru) Portixeddu L o cality an isl ands (photo by A.Cuena-Lombraña) Plant production ofRhamnuspersicifolia Translocations, protective fences erection erection andremoval ofalienspecies) Management actions(protective fences Translocation andremoval ofalienplants river bank) (artificial Management measure forthepatriarch Protective fences erection protective fences erection Translocation, removal ofalienplantsand Translocation erection Translocation andprotective fence invasive species Protective fences erection andremoval of near thepopulation) Management action(closure ofthepath erection Translocation andprotective fence Conservation a ex situ plantations CARE-MEDIFLORA -2019 c tions* Example of conservation action Translocation of Senecio morisii in Funtanamela (Laconi)

Senecio morisii J. Calvo & Bacch. is a courses of plain to montane levels with geophyte rhizomatous plant growing in the Ranunculion fluitantis and Calli- watercourses of plain to montane levels; tricho-Batrachion vegetation. S. morisii is a narrow endemic species The main threats for the species are to Sardinia that occurs in six populations grazing, extension of the current roads located in the Sarcidano and Ogliastra and recreational activities. regions (Central-Eastern Sardinia). Senecio morisii was assessed as Vulner- Currently, there is limited information able (VU) on the IUCN Italian and Global about this plant species, being recently Red Lists. described. The species grows in water Flowering of Senecio morisii (photo by G.Bacchetta) Conservation actions carried out in the CARE-MEDIFLORA project ®®Seeds were collected for in situ conservation actions and several plants were pro- duced and cultivated in the Botanical Garden. ®®In February 2018 two sites in Funtanamela (Laconi municipality) were selected and protective fences were erected to limit the uncontrolled grazing. ®®Inside these areas all exotic plants were removed. ®®In March 2018, 125 individuals multiplied ex-situ, were transplanted in the 2 select- ed sites (fenced to avoid the grazing) and each plant was labelled for the future monitoring. Transplanting of Senecio morisii individuals ®®All plants were monitored monthly. (photo by G. Fenu)

Introduced and labelled plants of Senecio morisii (photo by G. Fenu) Monitoring of reintroduced plants (photo by G. Fenu)

Collaborators for conservation actions in Sardinia

®®Fo.Re.S.T.A.S Agency – Authonomous Region of Sardinia

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 11 A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands Sicily Conservation actions implemented by the Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania In situ The Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental situ conservation actions for 7 taxa in 9 localities in Sicily in Sciences of the University of Catania (UNICT) implemented in collaboration with the local authorities.

Translocation Management measures

Map with localities of in situ actions for 7 taxa (see Table), by Mauro Fois Botanical Garden of Catania

Taxon Locality Conservation actions* 1. Dianthus rupicola N.R. “Isola Lachea e Translocation (new population), subsp. rupicola Faraglioni dei Ciclopi” eradication of invasive alien species, (Catania) restoration of the natural vegetation 2. Tripolium N.R. “Saline di Priolo” Translocation (new population), pannonicum (Syracuse) eradication of invasive alien species, restoration of the natural vegetation 3. Urtica rupestris N.R. ”Grotta Monello” Population reinforcement (Syracuse) Urtica urpestris plant production N.R. “Villasmundo-S. Translocation (2 new populations), Alfio” (Syracuse) fencing Ex situ Fencing (existing population) 154 germplasm accessions col- 4. Origanum onites N.R. “Grotta Palombara” Fencing (existing population) (Syracuse) lected from 107 taxa stored Translocation (new population) in the UNICT Seed Bank and 5. Astragalus raphaelis N.R. “Vallone Piano Translocation (new population) della Corte” (Enna) 55 duplicated in another seed SCI “Monte Chiapparo” Translocation (new population) bank (CAG) (Enna) 113 germination experiments 6. Leopoldia gussonei N.R. ”Biviere di Gela” Translocation (new population) (Gela) performed for 47 taxa

7. Betula aetnensis Regional Park ”Mt. Fencing 4 areas Over 2,000 plants of 20 taxa Etna” (S. Alfio) produced for in situ actions *Short and long term monitoring of the conservation actions is included.

12 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Example of conservation action Translocation of Dianthus rupicola Biv. subsp. rupicola in the Nature Reserve “Isola Lachea e Faraglioni dei Ciclopi” (Catania)

Dianthus rupicola Biv. subsp. rupicola is an endemic species, within a protected area owned by the University of Catania and exclusively found in southern (Campania, Basilicata and actively managed by CUTGANA. Calabria) and Sicily. In addition, it is listed in the Annex II and IV The main steps followed for the conservation of this species of the Habitat Directive (92/43/EEC). The primary growing sites are: for this perennial plant are represented by coastal cliffs, typically quite steep, where it gives origin to a chasmophytic vegetation ®®Seed collection, bank activities, and plant production occurring on really thermo-xerophilous environmental condi- ®®Establishment of a new population tions. ®®Manual eradication of invasive alien species (mostly Opuntia Despite its localization on almost inaccessible stands, as cliffs ficus-indica L.) in an area of ca. 10.000 sqm or steep rocks, D. rupicola is severely threatened by habitat mod- ifications, e.g. quarrying or wall cleaning, and, most relevant, by ®®Restoration of the natural vegetation by using native ther- invasive alien species which, at global level, represent one of mo-xerophilous species (e.g. Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br., greatest drivers of biodiversity loss. Euphorbia dendroides L., etc.) The new population was created in the Lachea islet (Catania), ®®Implementation of a monitoring plan a few hundred meters away from the Sicilian coast, which falls

Eradication of Opuntia ficus-indica Translocation of Dianthus rupicola subsp. rupicola Dianthus rupicola subsp. rupicola

Collaborators for conservation actions in Sicily

®®CUTGANA (Centro Uni- ®®Regione Siciliana ®®Corpo Forestale della versitario per la Tutela e Regione Siciliana ®®Riserva Naturale Integrale ®®Dipartimento Regionale Gestione degli Ambienti “Grotta Palombara” Azienda Foreste Demani- ®®Ente Parco dell’Etna Naturali e degli Agro-Eco- ali (Ufficio Provinciale di ®®Riserva Naturale Orienta- sistemi) ®®Riserva Naturale Integrale Catania) ta “Vallone di Piano della “Grotta Monello” ®®Riserva Naturale Orienta- Corte” ®®Dipartimento Regionale ta “Saline di Priolo” ®®Riserva Naturale Integrale Azienda Foreste Demani- ®®Riserva Naturale Integrale “Complesso Speleologico ®®LIPU (Lega Italiana Pro- ali (Ufficio Provinciale di “Isola Lachea e Faraglioni Villasmundo-S. Alfio” tezione Uccelli) Siracusa) dei Ciclopi”

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 13 A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands Crete Conservation actions implemented by the CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania

In situ Translocation Management measures The Mediterranean Plant Conservation Unit of CIHEAM Mediterranean Agrono- mic Institute of Chania (MAICh) implemented in situ conservation actions for 10 taxa in 6 localities* in Crete in collaboration with the local authorities. *Right: Map with localities of in situ actions (see Table for names of localities).

Taxon Locality Conservation actions* 1. Androcymbium rechingeri Elafonisi Reinforcement of populations, fence (Kantanos-) erection, placement of protective cages 2. Bellevalia brevipedicellata & information signs 3. elaphonisicum 4. Viola scorpiuroides 5. Bolanthus creutzburgii Palaiochora Reinforcement of population subsp. zaffranii (Kantanos-Selino) & placement of protective cages 6. Datisca cannabina Nea Roumata Reinforcement of population, removal (Platanias) of introduced ornamental species & placement of information signs 7. Chaerophyllum creticum Omalos Reinforcement of population, fence (Platanias) erection & placement of information signs 8. Horstrissea dolinicola Petradolakia Reinforcement of population, placement (Anogeia) of protective cages, fence erection & creation of Plant Micro-Reserve MAICh Seed Bank 9. Limonium creticum Matala (Faistos) Reinforcement of populations, removal of invasive species, placement of 10. Reseda minoica protective cages & information signs Ex situ

*Short and long term monitoring of the conservation actions is included. 102 germplasm accessions col- lected from 63 taxa 100 seedlots of 61 taxa stored in MAICh Seed Bank and 50 duplicated in other seed bank 43 germination experiments performed for 38 taxa Over 5000 plants of 40 taxa pro- duced for in situ actions and ex situ plantations

Collection of Phoenix theophrasti seeds Plant production of Bolanthus creutzburgii subsp. zaffranii

14 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Example of conservation action Reinforcement & creation of a Plant Micro-Reserve for Horstrissea dolinicola

In situ & ex situ conservation actions were carried out for the (http://top50.iucn-mpsg.org/species/41) according to the Medi- unique population of Horstrissea dolinicola Greuter, Gerstberger terranean Islands Plant Specialist Group (IUCN / SSC). & Egli in the location Petradolakia on Mt. Ida (Psiloritis moun- The in situ actions include reinforcement of the population and tain) at an altitude of 1500 m in central Crete. H. Dolinicola is the creation of a Plant Micro-Reserve aiming to address the a perennial geophyte with usually only about 10% of its total threats of overgrazing and trampling as well as the expansion of length emerging above ground level at flowering time in July-Au- animal housing facilities. Seed collection was performed for in gust. It grows only in a few limestone sinks (dolines) where situ conservation. many goats and sheep graze during the summer season. All actions were carried out in cooperation with the Forest Direc- The site where the species occurs is very small and both the torate of Rethymno, which is responsible for the management range and the number of individuals are declining. It is consid- and protection of the area. ered as one of “The Top 50 Mediterranean Island Plants”

Sketch (left) & flower (right) of H. dolinicola H. Dolinicola seedling Seedlings planted within protective cage

Doline where H. Dolinicola grows View of locality of H. dolinicola reinforcement action

Collaborators for conservation actions in Crete

®®Decentralised Adminis- ®®Archaeological Service tration of Crete - Forest and staff of Matala Directorates of Chania, archaeological site Rethymno and Heraklion ®®Management Bodies of ®®Municipalities of Plata- sites nias, Anogeia and Kanta- ®®National and Kapodistri- nou-Selinou an University of Athens ®®Environmental Education Centre of Anogeia Leaflet for Micro-Reserve of H. dolinicola

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 15 A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands Cyprus Conservation actions implemented by the Department of Forests & Agricultural Research Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment

In situ Taxon Locality Conservation actions* 1. Allium Troodos mountain Population reinforcement In situ conservation actions were marathasicum implemented for 10 taxa in 12 localities 2. Anthemis Akamas (Paphos) Translocation to Akamas and Yialia; in Cyprus in collaboration with the local tomentosa placement of restriction barriers & control of authorities. Yialia (Paphos) invasive species (Acacia saligna) at Timi Timi (Paphos) 3. Arum sintenisii Akamas (Paphos) Reintroduction of the species 4. Astragalus Potamos Liopetriou Translocation to Potamos Liopetriou & Cavo suberosus (Ammochostos) Greko-Somera; control of invasive species (Acacia saligna) at Cavo Greko-Somera Gavo Greko-Somera (Ammochostos) 5. Crypsis Pashia Livadi Translocation to & control of the non invasive hadjikyriakou (Lemesos) naturalized species (Cirsium arvense) at Pashia Livadi; population reinforcement Almyrolivado & trimming of herbaceous vegetation at (Lemesos) Almyrolivado 6. Euphorbia Yialia (Paphos) Reintroduction of the species paralias 7. Limonium Larnaca salt lake Population reinforcement, soft fencing, control mucronulatum of invasive species (Acacia saligna) & the competing vegetation (Phragmites australis) 8. Maresia nana var Yialia (Paphos) Population reinforcement & control of invasive glabra species (Acacia saligna) 9. Peganum harmala Nicosia old walls Reintroduction of the species 10. Dichoropetalum Lemesos forest Population reinforcement kyriakae *Short and long term monitoring of the conservation actions is included. Map with localities of in situ actions (see Table for explanation of numbers) Ex situ Translocation Management measures 121 germplasm accessions col- lected from 82 taxa

121 seedlots of 82 taxa stored in ARI Gene bank and 102 acces- sions from 71 taxa duplicated in Amiandos Botanical Garden gene bank

79 germination experiments performed for 79 taxa

Over 1372 plants of 11 taxa pro- duced for the in situ actions

16 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Example of conservation action Reinforcement of Allium marathasicum population at Troodos mountain

Allium marathasicum is an endemic species to Cyprus. It is Bulbs and bulbils were collected during 2016 and 2017 and found at one location, between Prodromos village and Trikou- were grown at the Agricultural Research Institute greenhouse. tsia monastery, at Troodos mountain. Total population size is Plants were established in four sites within the Troodos wider ~500-1200 individuals, with some fluctuations every year due to area, Prodromos Forest college, Trikoutsia monastery, Amiantos irregular removal of weeds, which affects the species. It is a pe- Botanical Garden and Platania Forest Nursery. rennial bulbous herb, flowering from May to August and fruiting A monitoring plan has been implemented since spring 2017, from August until the end of September. It grows in irrigated tree measuring the survival rate and checking the sustainability of orchards and at their edges, from 1300-1400m altitude. the habitat on regular intervals throughout the year. The results The species is included in the Red Data Book of the Flora of Cy- of the first two years were encouraging. Particularly, the collab- prus and in the IUCN Red list at Global Level as Critically Endan- oration with Trikoutsia monastery was extremely fruitful. Nuns gered (CR). It is an apparently synanthropic species, threatened showed great interest for the conservation of the species and by land development. Most importantly, the rapid abandonment also for raising public awareness. The collaboration with the of the agricultural land observed in the area during the last monastery stresses the importance of involving local communi- years, in combination with the intensive use of herbicides in ties in conservation actions, especially when those are imple- most of the remaining orchards, impose immediate actions for mented outside state land. the in situ conservation of this species.

Allium marathasicum from the established Established plants at Trikoutsia monastery Establishement of the plant at Platania plants in Prodromos forest college forest station

Collaborators for conservation actions in Cyprus

®®Cyprus Forest Associa- ®®Department of Environ- tion ment. Ministry of Agricul- ture, Rural Development ®®Municipality of Nicosia and Environment ®®Municipality of Larnaca ®®Department of Antiqui- ®®Municipality of Dromola- ties. Ministry of Trans- xia – Meneou port, Communications and Works ®®Trikoutsia monastery

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 17

A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands

Project plant list

CARE-MEDIFLORA conservation actions were implemented for 436 taxa. Plant taxon only for ex situ conservation: regular font; taxon only for in situ conservation: bold font; taxon both for ex situ and in situ conservation: bold font and *

Island abbreviations: Balearic Islands (Ba), Corsica (Co), Sardinia (Sa), Sicily (Si), Crete (Cr), Cyprus (Cy) – that conservation mea- sures have been implemented in this (these) island(s).

Acer obtusatum Willd. subsp. aetnense Arenaria grandiflora L. – Si Bupleurum fruticosum L. – Si Crocus cyprius Boiss. & Kotschy – Cy (Tineo ex Strobl) C. Brullo & Brullo – Si Armeria pungens (Link) Hoffmanns. & Link Bupleurum gaudianum Snogerup – Cr Crocus hartmannianus Holmboe – Cy Acer granatense Boiss. – Ba – Co Buxus balearica Lam. – Ba Crucianella maritima L. – Ba,Sa Achillea cretica L. – Cy Armeria sardoa Spreng. subsp. genargentea Calamintha cretica (L.) Lam. – Cr Crypsis hadjikyriakou* Raus & H.Scholz – Acinos troodi (Post) Leblebici subsp. troodi Arrigoni – Sa Calicotome spinosa (L.) Link – Sa Cy – Cy Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godr. – Co Callitriche pulchra Schotsman – Cr Cyanus segetum Hill – Co Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet Armeria sulcitana Arrigoni – Sa Campanula forsythii (Arcangeli) Podlech – Cyclamen graecum Link subsp. anatolicum Aconitum napellus L. subsp. corsicum Arrhenatherum album (Vahl) Clayton subsp. Sa Ietsw. – Cy (Gáyer) W. Seitz – Co cypricola H. Scholz – Cy Campanula laciniata L. – Cr Cynanchum acutum L. – Cy Aethionema saxatile (L.) R. Br. – Si Artemisia campestris L. subsp. variabilis Campanula saxatilis L. subsp. saxatilis – Cr Cynara cyrenaica Maire & Weiller – Cr Agrimonia eupatoria L. – Cy (Ten.) Greuter – Sa Campanula podocarpa Boiss. – Cy Cynara makrisii Hand & Hadjik. – Cy Allium commutatum Guss. – Ba,Si Artemisia inculta Delile – Cr Carlina macrocephala Moris subsp. Cynoglossum troodi H. Lindb. – Cy Allium marathasicum* Brullo, Pavone & Arum purpureospathum P.C. Boyce – Cr macrocephala – Sa Cytisus villosus Pourr. – Si Salmeri – Cy Arum rupicola Boiss. – Cy Castroviejoa frigida (Labill.) Galbany, L. Damasonium bourgaei Coss. – Ba,Si Allium autumnale P. H. Davis – Cy Arum sintenisii* (Engl.) P.C.Boyce – Cy Sáez & Benedí – Co Daphne laureola L. – Si Allium cyprium Brullo, Pavone & Salmeri Aster tripolium L. subsp. pannonicus (Jacq.) Celtis aetnensis (Tornab.) Strobl – Si Datisca cannabina* L. – Cr,Cy subsp. cyprium – Cy Soó – Ba Celtis asperrima Lojac. – Si Delphinium pictum Willd. – Sa Allium exaltatum (Meikle) Brullo, Pavone, Astragalus alopecurus Pall. – Co Centaurea argentea L. subsp. chionantha Dianthus genargenteus Bacch., Brullo, Casti Salmeri & Venora – Cy Chater – Ba (Turland & L. Chilton) Greuter – Cr & Giusso – Sa Allium guttatum Steven subsp. guttatum – Astragalus creticus Lam. subsp. minoicus Centaurea baldaccii Degen ex Bald. – Cr Dianthus gyspergerae Rouy – Co Cy Brullo & Giusso – Cr Centaurea giardinae Raimondo & Spadaro – Dianthus juniperinus Sm. subsp. kavusicus Alyssum baldaccii Vierh. ex E.I.Nyár. – Cr Astragalus genargenteus Moris – Sa Si Turland – Cr Alyssum fragillinum (Bald.) Rech.f. – Cr Astragalus gennarii* Bacch. & Brullo – Sa Centaurea magistrorum* Arrigoni & Dianthus morisianus* Vals. – Sa Alyssum troodi Boiss. – Cy Astragalus greuteri Bacch. & Brullo - Co Camarda – Sa Dianthus rupicola Biv. subsp. rupicola* – Si Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link – Cy Astragalus huetii Bunge – Si Centaurea parlatoris Heldr. subsp. parlatoris Dianthus siculus C.Presl – Si Anagyris foetida L. – Si Astragalus idaeus Bunge – Cr – Si Dianthus xylorrhizus Boiss. & Heldr. – Cr Anchusa cespitosa Lam. – Cr Astragalus kamarinensis C. Brullo, Brullo, Centaurea poculatoris Greuter – Cr Dianthus tripunctatus Sm. – Cy Anchusa crispa Viv. subsp. crispa* – Co,Sa Giusso, Miniss. & Sciandr. – Si Centaurea pumilio L. – Cr Dichoropetalum kyriakae* (Hadjik. & Alziar) Anchusa crispa Viv. subsp. maritima (Vals.) Astragalus macrocarpus DC. subsp. Centaurea sphaerocephala L. – Si Hand & Hadjik. – Cy Selvi & Bigazzi – Sa lefkarensis Kirchhoff & Meikle – Cy Centranthus amazonum* Fridl. & A.Raynal Digitalis minor L. – Ba Anchusa sardoa (Illario) Selvi & Bigazzi – Sa Astragalus nebrodensis (Guss.) Strobl – Si – Sa Digitalis purpurea L. var. gyspergerae (Rouy) Anchusa undulata L. subsp. hybrida (Ten.) Astragalus rapahelis* G. Ferro – Si Centranthus trinervis* (Viv.) Bég. – Co Fiori – Sa Cout. – Co Astragalus suberosus* Banks & Sol. – Cy Cerastium supramontanum Arrigoni – Sa Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin Androcymbium rechingeri* Greuter – Cr Astragalus siculus Biv. – Si Cerastium tomentosum L. – Si – Si Andryala cossyrensis Guss. – Si Athamanta sicula L. – Si Cerinthe major L. subsp. major – Co Diplotaxis crassifolia (Rafin.) DC. – Si Anthemis aetnensis Schouw in Sprengel – Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. subsp. sicula Cerinthe tenuiflora Bertol. – Co Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gómez Campo – Si (Strobl) Phitos – Si Chaenorhinum rubrifolium (DC.) Fourr. – Cy Ba Anthemis cupaniana Tod. ex Nyman – Si Bellevalia brevipedicellata* Turril. – Cr Chaerophyllum creticum* Boiss. & Heldr. – Dipsacus ferox Loisel. – Sa (Rech. fil.) Greuter – Bellevalia juliana Bareka, Turland & Kamari Cr Doronicum corsicum (Loisel.) Poir. – Co Cr – Cr Chamaerops humilis L. – Ba Dorycnium fulgurans* (Porta) Lassen – Ba Anthemis intermedia Guss. – Si Bellevalia romana (L.) Rchb. – Co Cistus albidus L. – Sa Echium judaeum Lacaita – Cy Anthemis pignattiorum Guarino, Raimondo Berberis vulgaris L. subsp. aetnensis Cistus clusii Dunal – Ba Elatine alsinastrum L. – Si & Domina – Si (C.Presl) Rouy & Foucaud – Sa,Si Cistus creticus L. – Ba Elatine brochonii Glavaud. – Co Anthemis tomentosa* L. – Cy Betula aetnensis* Rafin. – Si Cistus salviifolius L. – Si Elatine macropoda Guss. – Ba Anthyllis barba-jovis L. – Co,Si Biarum dispar (Schott) Talavera – Sa Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl – Ba Elymus corsicus (Hackel) Kerguélen – Anthyllis barba-jovis L. x A. hermanniae L. Biscutella rotgesii Foucaud – Co Clinopodium sardoum (Asch. & Levier) Sa,Co subsp. corsica Brullo & Giusso – Co Bituminaria morisiana (Pignatti & Metlesics) Peruzzi & F.Conti – Sa Enarthrocarpus arcuatus Labill. – Cy Anthyllis hermanniae L. subsp. ichnusae Greuter – Sa Colymbada tauromenitana (Guss.) Holub – Ephedra fragilis Desf. – Si Brullo & Giusso – Sa Bolanthus creutzburgi Greuter subsp. Si Erica manipuliflora Salisb. – Cy Anthyllis hystrix (Willk. ex F.Barceló) Zaffranii* Phitos, Turland & Bergmeier* – Convolvulus valentinus Cav. – Ba Erodium corsicum Léman – Co Cardona, Contandr. & E.Sierra – Ba Cr Cornus sanguinea L. – Sa Erucastrum virgatum (J. & C.Presl) C.Presl Antirrhinum siculum Mill. – Sa Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P.Beauv. Cotoneaster nebrodensis (Guss.) K. Koch – – Si barbaricina Arrigoni & E.Nardi – – Si Si Eryngium pusillum L. – Co Sa Brassica incana Ten. – Si Crambe hispanica L. – Cy Eryngium ternatum Poir. – Cr Aquilegia bernardii Gren. & Godr. – Co Brassica insularis Moris – Co,Sa Crataegus orientalis M.Bieb subsp. Erysimum brulloi G. Ferro – Si Aquilegia cremnophila Bacch., Brullo, Brassica villosa Biv. subsp. brevisiliqua orientalis – Si Erysimum etnense – Si Congiu, Fenu, J. Garrido & Mattana – Sa (Raimondo & Mazzola) Raimondo & Geraci Crepis auriculifolia Sieber ex Spreng. – Cr Euphorbia aleppica L. – Cy Aquilegia litardierei Briq. – Co – Si Crepis pusilla (Sommier) Merxm. – Cy Euphorbia bivonae Steud. – Si Aquilegia nugorensis Arrigoni & E.Nardi – Brassica hilarionis Post – Cy Crepis sibthorpiana Boiss. & Heldr. – Cr Euphorbia dendroides L. – Si Sa Briza maxima L. – Si Crithmum maritimum L. – Ba

18 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. subsp. Lavatera agrigentina Tineo – Si Origanum onites* L. – Si Salsola oppositifolia Desf. – Si inconspicua (Ball) Maire – Ba Lavatera maritima Gouan. – Ba,Sa Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. – Sa,Si Salsola soda L. – Ba Euphorbia maresii Knoche – Ba Lavatera triloba L. subsp. pallescens Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss. – Cy Euphorbia paralias* L. – Cy,Ba (Moris) Nyman – Sa – Ba Salvia veneris Hedge – Cy Ferula arrigonii Bocchieri – Co,Sa Lavatera triloba L. subsp. triloba – Sa (Willk.) Willk. – Ba Sambucus nigra L. – Sa,Si Ferula cypria Post – Cy Leontice leontopetalum L. subsp. Sieber ex Tausch – Sa,Co Santolina corsica Jord. & Fourr. – Co,Sa Filago mareotica Delile – Cy leontopetalum – Cr (L.) Mill. subsp. mascula – Santolina insularis (Gennari & Fiori) Arrigoni Fritillaria persica L. – Cy Leopoldia gussonei Parl. – Si Co – Sa Galium lucidum All. – Si Leucanthemum flosculosum (L.) P. Giraud – Paeonia morisii Cesca, Bernardo & Saponaria orientalis L. – Cy Galium tenuissimum M. Bieb. – Cy Sa n.g.Passal. – Co Saponaria cypria Boiss. – Cy aetnensis (Biv.) DC. – Co,Sa Leucojum aestivum L. subsp. pulchellum Pancratium illyricum L. – Co Saponaria sicula Raf. – Si Genista cupanii Guss. – Si (Salisb.) Briq. – Co Pancratium maritimum L. – Ba Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach. – Sa,Si Genista demarcoi Brullo, Scelsi & Siracusa Lilium martagon L. – Co Pastinaca kochii Duby subsp latifolia (Duby) Satureja thymbra L. – Sa,Cy – Si Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort. – Si Reduron – Co Scilla lochiae (Meikle) Speta – Cy Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer – Ba Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. – Si Peganum harmala* L. – Cy Secale strictum (C. Presl) C.Presl – Si Genista thyrrhena Vals. subsp. pontiana Limonium algarvense Erben – Ba Peucedanum paniculatum Loisel – Co Securigera cretica (L.) Lassen – Cy Brullo & de Marco – Co Limonium avei (De Not.) Brullo & Erben – Sa Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. – Si Senecio glaucus L. subsp. cyprius Meikle – Genista lucida Cambess. – Ba Limonium calliopsium A.Mayer – Cr Phlomis fruticosa L. – Si Cy Gentiana lutea L. subsp. lutea* – Sa Limonium creticum* R. Artelari – Cr Phoenix theophrasti Greuter – Cr Senecio morisii* J.Calvo & Bacch. – Sa Geum urbanum L. – Cy Limonium elaphonisicum* A. Mayer – Cr Pimpinella bicknellii Briq. – Ba Seseli praecox (Gamisans) Gamisans – Globularia alypum L. – Sa Limonium fontqueri (Pau) L.Llorens – Ba Pimpinella cypria Boiss. – Cy Sa,Co Globularia bisnagarica L. – Co Limonium marisolii L.Llorens – Ba Pimpinella lutea Desf. – Co Sesleria doerfleri Hayek – Cr Gundelia tournefortii L. – Cy Limonium mucronulatum* (H.Lindb.) Pinguicula crystallina Sm. – Cy Sesleria insularis Sommier subsp. Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen – Si Greuter & Burdet – Cy Pinguicula sehuensis Bacch., Cannas & barbaricina Arrigoni – Sa Halopeplis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Ces., Pass. Limonium narbonense Mill. – Si Peruzzi – Sa Sesleria insularis Sommier subsp. & Gibelli – Sa Limonium pseudodyctiocladum L.Llorens – Pistacia lentiscus L. – Si morisiana Arrigoni – Sa Haplophyllum buxbaumii (Poir.) G. Don – Cy Ba Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. terebinthus – Sibthorpia europaea L. – Cr Hedysarum cyprium Boiss. – Cy Limonium sougiae Erben & Brullo – Cr Sa,Si Sideritis cypria Post – Cy Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. – Ba,Sa Limonium strictissimum (Salzm.) Arrigoni – Pisum fulvum Sm. – Cy Silene ammophila Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Mill. – Si Co Plagius flosculosus (L.) Alavi & Heywood – ammophila – Cr Helianthemum marifolium (L.) Mill. subsp. Limonium wiedmannii Erben – Ba Co Silene dichotoma Ehrh. subsp. racemosa origanifolium (Lam.) G.López – Ba Linaria aeruginea (Gouan) Cav. subsp. Plantago cupanii Guss. – Si (Otth) Hayek – Cy Helichrysum doerfleri Rech. f. – Cr pruinosa (Sennen & Pau) Chater & Valdés – Platanus orientalis L. – Si Silene fruticosa L. – Si Helichrysum heldreichii Boiss. – Cr Ba Polygonum idaeum Hayek – Cr Silene galataea Boiss. – Cy Helichrysum massanellanum Herrando, J. Linaria arcusangeli Atzei & Camarda – Sa Potentilla calabra Ten. – Si Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signorello – Si M. Blanco, L. Sáez & Galbany – Ba Linaria cossoni Barratte – Sa Potentilla recta L. – Cy Silene ichnusae Brullo, De Marco & De Helichrysum microphyllum Willd. subsp. Linaria flava (Poir.) Desf. subsp. sardoa Primula acaulis (L.) L. subsp. balearica Marco fil. – Sa tyrrhenicum Bacch., Brullo & Giusso – Sa (Sommier) A.Terracc. – Co (Willk.) Greuter & Burdet – Ba Silene nodulosa Viv. – Sa Helichrysum pendulum (C. Presl) C. Presl – Linum maritimum L. – Ba Primula vulgaris Huds. subsp. balearica Silene sericea All. – Ba Si Linum strictum L. – Si (Willk.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest – Ba Silene succulenta Forssk. subsp. succulenta Helichrysum saxatile Moris subsp. saxatile Lomelosia crenata (Cirillo) Greuter & Burdet Prospero depressum Speta – Cr – Cr – Sa – Si Prospero idaeum Speta – Cr Silene velutina* Loisel – Co,Sa Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench – Ba Lomelosia cretica (L.) Greuter & Burdet - Si Prospero minimum Speta – Cr Silene italica (L.) Pers. subsp. sicula (Ucria) Helicodiceros muscivorus (L. f.) Engl. – Co Lonicera pyrenaica L. subsp. majoricensis Prospero rhadamanthi Speta – Cr Jeanm. – Si Aiton ex Curtis – Ba (Gand.) Gand. – Ba Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) Greuter – Sa aspera L. – Si Helleborus lividus Aiton subsp. corsicus Lotus cytisoides L. – Cy Ptilostemon niveus (C. Presl) Greuter – Si Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy – Ba (Briq.) P.F.Yeo – Sa Lythrum borysthenicum (Schrank) Litv. – Si Ptychotis sardoa Pignatti & Metlesics – Sa Solenopsis antiphonitis Hadjik. & Hand – Cy Holcus lanatus L. – Si Malus crescimannoi Raimondo – Si Pyrus castribonensis Raimondo, Schicchi & Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz – Si Horstrissea dolinicola* Greuter, P. Malvella sherardiana (L.) Jaub. & Spach – Mazzola – Si Stachys maritima Gouan. – Co Gerstberger & B. Egli – Cr Cy Pyrus ciancioi Marino, Castellano, Stipagrostis lanata (Forssk.) de Winter – Cy Hypecoum pendulum L. – Cy Maresia nana (DC.) Batt var. glabra* Raimondo & Spadaro – Si Tamarix minoa J. L. Villar, Turland, Juan, Hypericum hircinum L. subsp. (Meikle) Christodoulou & Hand – Cy Pyrus sicanorum Raimondo, Schicchi & Gaskin, M.A. Alonso & M.B.Crespo – Cr albimontanum (Greuter) N. Robson. – Cy Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. subsp. incana – Marino – Si Tanacetum audibertii (Req.) DC. – Sa Hypericum hircinum L. subsp. hircinum – Sa Si Pyrus vallis-demonis Raimondo & Schicchi Telephium imperati L. subsp. orientale Hypericum hircinum L. subsp. Medicago arborea L. – Sa – Si (Boiss.) Nyman – Cy cambessedesii (Coss. ex Nyman) Sauvage Medicago arborea L. subsp. strasseri Ranunculus bullatus* L. – Ba Teucrium asiaticum L. – Ba – Ba (Greuter, Matthäs & Risse) Sobr.-Vest. & Ranunculus elisae Gamisans – Co Teucrium balearicum (Coss. ex Pau) Hypericum jovis Greuter – Cr Ceresuela – Cr Ranunculus sylviae* Gamisans – Co Castrov. & Bayon – Ba Hypericum kelleri Bald. – Cr Micromeria filiformis (Aiton) Benth. subsp. Ranunculus veronicae N. Böhling – Cr Teucrium capitatum L. subsp. majoricum Hypericum lanuginosum Lam. – Cy cordata (Moris) Pignatti – Sa Ranunculus weyleri Marès ex Willk. – Ba (Rouy) T. Navarro & Rosúa – Ba Hypericum perfoliatum L. – Cy Micromeria sphaciotica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Ranunculus rumelicus Griseb. – Cy Teucrium cuneifolium Sm. – Cr Hypericum scruglii Bacch., Brullo & Salmeri Benth. – Cr Reseda minoica* Martín-Bravo & Jiménez- Teucrium fruticans L. – Co – Sa Moluccella spinosa L. – Cr Mejías – Cr Thymbra calostachya (Rech.f.) Rech.f. – Cr Iberis semperflorens L. – Si Morisia monanthos (Viv.) Asch. – Co Rhamnus alaternus L. – Ba,Si Thymus herba-barona Loisel. subsp. herba- Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. – Cy Myosotis solange Greuter & Zaffran – Cr Rhamnus alpina L. subsp. alpina – Sa barona – Sa Isoetes histrix Bory & Durieu – Ba Myosurus minimus* L. – Ba Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris Chodat – Ba Trachelium lanceolatum Guss. – Si Jasione montana L. – Si Myrtus communis L. - Ba Rhamnus persicifolia* Moris – Sa Triplachne nitens (Guss.) Link – Cy Juncus acutus L. – Si Nepeta foliosa Moris – Sa Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande – Si Tripolium pannonicum* (Jacq.) Dobrocz. – Juncus subulatus Forssk. – Si Nepeta sphaciotica P.H. Davis – Cr Ribes multiflorum Kit. ex Roem. & Schult. Si Juniperus communis L. subsp. Nepeta troodi Holmboe – Cy subsp. sandalioticum Arrigoni – Sa Tulipa cypria Stapf – Cy hemisphaerica (J. & C. Presl) Arcang. – Si Nerium oleander L. – Co Ribes sardoum* Martelli – Sa Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. – Si Juniperus nana Willd. var. corsicana Neurada procumbens L. – Cy Romulea ligustica Parl. – Co Urtica bianorii (Knoche) Paiva – Ba Lebreton, Mossa & Gallet – Sa Nigella ciliaris DC. – Cy Rosa serafinii Viv. – Sa Urtica rupestris* Guss. – Si Juniperus turbinata Guss. – Ba,Si Nigella damascena L. – Co Rosa sicula Tratt. – Si Verbascum conocarpum Moris subsp. Juniperus macrocarpa Sm. – Ba,Co Noccaea zaffranii F. K. Mey. – Cr Rouya polygama (Desf.) Coincy – Co conocarpum – Sa Jurinea bocconei (Guss.) Guss. – Si Ochthodium aegyptiacum (L.) DC. – Cy Rumex scutatus L. subsp. glaucescens Verbascum plantagineum Moris – Sa Kosteletzkya pentacarpos* (L.) Ledeb. – Co Ononis crispa* L. – Ba (Guss.) Brullo, Scelsi & Spampinato – Sa Viburnum tinus L. – Ba,Cy Lactuca undulata Ledeb. – Cy Ononis zschackei* F. Herm.* – Ba Rumex aetnensis C.Presl – Si Viola corsica Nyman – Co Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Onosma gigantea Lam. – Cy Ruscus aculeatus L. – Ba Viola jaubertiana Marès & Vigin. – Ba Greuter – Sa Ophioglossum vulgatum L. subsp. vulgatum Ruta lamarmorae Bacch., Brullo & Giusso Viola scorpiuroides* Coss. – Cr Laserpitium siculum Sprengel – Si – Sa del Galdo – Sa Vitex agnus-castus L. – Ba Lathyrus neurolobus Boiss. & Heldr. – Cr Origanum dictamnus L. – Cr Salix pedicellata Desf. – Si

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 19 A conservation project for threatened plants in Mediterranean islands Lessons Learnt & Recommendations The priorities of conservation vary at local level. A plant species needs different conservation interest depending on the particular conditions of the island or the locality on which it grows, thus conservation measures have to be planned on a local scale. When initiating in situ plant conservation actions, it is important to: ®®have a clear idea of what is planned (biological and ecological implications but also time and costs involved) ®®have adequate knowledge of the seed germination, propagation and growing of the species in the nursery / botanical garden ®®select a suitable site for the species that is preferably not too difficult to manage and control ®®have acceptance from / collaboration with local institutions and stakeholders ®®be aware that such actions could take a very long time

®®be aware that monitoring activities should be continuous in order to check the effectiveness of the actions over time.

Project collaborative field trip in Sicily, Project information day at Sóller Botanic Project collaborative field trip in Balearic July 2017 Garden, March 2018 Islands, May 2018

CARE-MEDIFLORA presented at 1st Mediterranean Plant Conservation Week (October 2016), 6th Global Botanic Gardens Congress (June 2017) and 2nd Mediterranean Plant Conservation Week (November 2018)

20 CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 Networking and communication

Exchange experiences within the partnership and among other Dissemination of project aims and results: stakeholders so as to improve collaboration and networking on ®®Project website (http://www.care-mediflora.eu/) plant conservation in the Mediterranean area: ®®Project leaflet in English and local languages ®®Partner collaborative meetings & field trips on all 6 islands ®®Organization of 6 local dissemination events ®®Meetings with relevant stakeholders on all 6 islands ®®Participation in international and national external ®®Trainings events, conferences, workshops ®®Contribution to national reporting for the Convention on ®®Local communication (newspapers, TV, radio, etc.) & Biological Diversity (CBD) & Global Strategy for Plant Conser- social media vation (GSPC). ®®3 scientific papers published ®®Participation in 1st Mediterranean Plant Conservation Securing the sustainability of the partnership by supporting and Week enlarging the existing Network of Mediterranean Plant Conser- vation Centres “GENMEDA”: ®®Co-organization and participation in 2nd Mediterranean Plant Conservation Week (http://www.medplantsweek. ®®GENMEDA network new website (http://genmeda.net/) & uicnmed.org/) database ®®Edition of the project summary for the wide public and a ®®3 meetings organized for GENMEDA & 9 new members added final project report for specialised audience. since 2016 reaching a total of 22 members of the network.

2nd Mediterranean Plant Conservation Week field trip; photo by Pilar Valbuena for the IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation

Find out more and download all project publications at

http://www.care-mediflora.eu/en/news

http://www.care-mediflora.eu/en/publications

GENMEDA meeting in Rome, May 2019

CARE-MEDIFLORA - 2019 21 Partners Contact

Mediterranean Plant Specialist Project Coordinator Group – IUCN/SSC Bertrand de Montmollin, Mediterranean Plant Specialist Group IUCN/SSC, [email protected] Scientific Coordinator Sóller Botanical Garden Giuseppe Fenu, Foundation, Balearic Islands Centre for Biodiversity Conservation (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Science (DISVA), University of Cagliari, [email protected] Office of the Environment of Corsica Project Communication Conservatoire Botanique National de Panagiota Gotsiou, Corse CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, [email protected] Cover work photo:on Gramvousa Field Islet, Crete, ©Mediterranean Plant Conservation Unit of CIHEAM - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh) Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus, University of Cagliari, Sardinia

Department of Biological, Geological www.care-mediflora.eu and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Sicily

CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Crete Conservation Actions for (Lead Partner) Threatened Mediterranean Island Flora: ex situ and in situ Agricultural Research Institute, Cyprus joint actions

CARE-MEDIFLORA is funded (80 %) by the MAVA Foundation. Department of Forests, Cyprus