DOCSLIB.ORG

National Summary of Aerial Census Results for Elephant in Zimbabwe: 2001

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Summary of Aerial Census Results for Elephant in Zimbabwe: 2001 NATIONAL SUMMARY OF AERIAL CENSUS RESULTS FOR ELEPHANT IN ZIMBABWE: 2001 K.M. Dunham & C.S. Mackie WWF - SARPO Occasional Paper Number 1 June 2002 This census was carried out jointly by the Department of National Parks and Wild Life Management and WWF-SARPO (WWF Project No: ZW 0025). This report has also been published by the Department of National Parks and Wild Life Management. The 2001 aerial survey and this publication were made possible through support made available by the Office of USAID Harare under the terms of project 613-0241 and grant 690-0251-4-9001-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the view of USAID. This material has been produced by the authority of, and for the use of CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe, for information purposes only. 1 SUMMARY The principal populations of elephants in Zimbabwe were surveyed from the air during the period July to October 2001. These populations are located in north-west Matabeleland, the Sebungwe region, the unflooded Middle Zambezi Valley and the south-east lowveld. The total area surveyed was 66 651 km2. This was the first time since 1998 that all these populations were studied during the same year. The surveys were sample counts and the methods followed those used during previous surveys. The Save Valley Conservancy was included in the national elephant survey for the first time. There were estimated to be 88 123 elephants (+/- 95 % confidence interval 8.0 %, or 7079 elephants) in the regions surveyed from the air. This was the highest and most precise estimate ever obtained for the total number of elephants in Zimbabwe’s principal populations. The lower and upper confidence limits of this mean estimate were 81 044 and 95 202 elephants. There are known to be several small sub-populations of elephants occurring outside these survey areas, and estimates or ‘guesstimates’ of the numbers of animals in these sub- populations were obtained from people familiar with them. Elephants occurred at 12 locations outside the survey regions and the total number of elephants in these sub-populations was probably about 1000. Thus, there were estimated to be, in total, 89 123 elephants in Zimbabwe during the 2001 dry season. It is more practical to take account of the confidence limits for the estimate from the air surveys and state that there were between about 82 000 and 96 000 elephants in Zimbabwe during the 2001 dry season. Almost 90 % of these were in the Parks & Wild Life Estate and about 50 % were in Hwange National Park. In the regions surveyed from the air, there were, in total, an estimated 86 ‘fresh’ carcasses of elephants, 186 ‘recent’ carcasses and 3209 ‘old’ carcasses. Overall, these carcasses formed 3.8 % of all elephants (live and dead) estimated to be in these regions. The carcass “ratio” varied from 1.7 % in the Save Valley Conservancy to 5.8 % in the Sebungwe. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY................................................................................................................................1 LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................3 LIST OF MAPS..........................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................6 METHODS.................................................................................................................................6 Aerial Surveys .........................................................................................................................6 Survey Areas........................................................................................................................6 Transect Surveys..................................................................................................................6 Block Counts........................................................................................................................9 Data Analysis.......................................................................................................................9 Small Populations .................................................................................................................10 RESULTS.................................................................................................................................10 Small Populations .................................................................................................................10 Aerial Surveys .......................................................................................................................13 North-west Matabeleland......................................................................................................13 Zambezi Valley......................................................................................................................13 Sebungwe...............................................................................................................................13 South-east Lowveld ...............................................................................................................13 Zimbabwe ..............................................................................................................................16 Elephant Carcasses...............................................................................................................16 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................17 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................18 APPENDIX. Tables of population estimates and statistics for elephants, elephant bulls, elephants in cow herds, and elephant carcasses in Zimbabwe during 2001. Population estimates by region (Tables 5-10) and by administrative area (Tables 11-16). .......................24 Notes about Tables................................................................................................................24 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Summary of sampling statistics for the 2001 aerial surveys........................................8 Table 2. Definitions of categories used to record time since death for elephant carcasses........8 Table 3. Status of small populations of elephants during the dry season of 2001 ...................11 Table 4. Summary of the population estimates for elephants in Zimbabwe during 2001........14 Table 5. Population estimates and statistics for elephants in the aerial survey regions of Zimbabwe during 2001.............................................................................................................25 Table 6. Population estimates and statistics for elephant bulls in the aerial survey regions of Zimbabwe during 2001.............................................................................................................25 Table 7. Population estimates and statistics for elephants in cow herds in the aerial survey regions of Zimbabwe during 2001 ...........................................................................................25 Table 8. Population estimates and statistics for fresh carcasses of elephants (age category 1) in the aerial survey regions of Zimbabwe during 2001................................................................26 Table 9. Population estimates and statistics for recent carcasses of elephants (age category 2) in the aerial survey regions of Zimbabwe during 2001............................................................26 Table 10. Population estimates and statistics for old carcasses of elephants (age category 3) and carcass ratios (for all elephant carcasses) in the aerial survey regions of Zimbabwe during 2001 ..........................................................................................................................................26 Table 11. Population estimates and statistics for elephants, by administrative area, in regions surveyed from the air................................................................................................................27 Save Valley Conservancy ......................................................................................................27 Gonarezhou ...........................................................................................................................27 North-west Matabeleland......................................................................................................27 Zambezi Valley......................................................................................................................28 Sebungwe...............................................................................................................................28 Table 12. Population estimates and statistics for elephant bulls, by administrative area, in regions surveyed from the air...................................................................................................29 Save Valley Conservancy ......................................................................................................29 Gonarezhou ...........................................................................................................................29 North-west Matabeleland......................................................................................................29
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Africa's Wildlife
    AFRICA’S WILDLIFE On Safari in Botswana, Zambia & Victoria Falls November 13-26, 2016 14 days for $7,154 total price from Seattle ($6,195 air, land & safari inclusive plus $959 airline taxes and fees) This tour is provided by Odysseys Unlimited, six-time honoree Travel & Leisure’s World’s Best Tour Operators award. An Exclusive Small Group Tour for Alumni & Friends of the University of Washington Dear UW Alumni and Friends, Join us on a unique, 14-day African adventure to explore some of the world’s most exotic locales and wildlife. Visit Zimbabwe’s spectacular Victoria Falls and embark on safari to Botswana’s Chobe National Park and Zambia’s remote Lower Zambezi National Park. Begin at Johannesburg with a full day of touring Soweto, including a visit to the home of Nelson Mandela (now a museum). Then fly to Victoria Falls to admire the thundering waters. Enjoy sensational game-viewing at Chobe National Park, boasting one of the largest concentrations of wildlife in all of Africa. Finally, travel to Zambia for game-viewing at remote Lower Zambezi National Park, enjoying open vehicle game drives, guided canoe trips, and sunset river cruises. An optional post-tour extension to beautiful Cape Town is also available. Space on this UW exclusive program is limited to only 24 travelers and will fill quickly. Your early reservations are encouraged. Sincerely, “We would recommend UWAA, especially Odysseys tours and this specific tour, to everyone. It will change your life, expand your mind, and enrich your understanding of the world.” – Dale and Ione Friend, UW Friends Pauline Ranieri Director, UW Alumni Tours www.UWalum.com/tours UW ALUMNI TOURS RESERVATION FORM: AFRICA’S WILDLIFE Enclosed is my/our deposit of $______($500 per person) for ____ person/people on Africa’s Wildlife departing November 13, 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa's Adventure Capital
    Go2Africa’s Guide To AFRICA’S ADVENTURE CAPITAL: VICTORIA FALLS We won’t show you the world; we’ll show you Africa, better than anyone else. GO2AFRICA’S GUIDE TO Victoria Falls is a picturesque town set on the banks of the Zambezi VICTORIA FALLS River overlooking its namesake, the world’s largest waterfall. The Falls belong to both Zambia and Zimbabwe, as the Zambezi marks their national boundary, but Victoria Falls Town is on the Zimbabwean side (Livingstone is on the Zambian side). Visitors have travelled here to see the Falls since 1905 and they’re a spectacular sight: the Zambezi thunders over a basalt ledge 1 708 metres (5 604 feet) wide and 108m (354ft) high. The local name Mosi-oa-Tunya (meaning ‘the smoke that thunders’) is perfectly apt as the roar of falling water can be heard 40 kilometres (25 miles) away while a 400m (1 312ft) column of mist floats above the drop. Water levels peak in April at about 500 million litres (over 13 million gallons), and drop to their lowest in October after the dry season. A visit to Victoria Falls is an easy add-on to a South Africa or Botswana safari and, since there is so much to do and see here, we recommend you spend at least three days having fun in Africa’s adventure capital. Go2Africa has been bringing travellers on safari since 1998. Our success is built on a simple promise: we’ll show you Africa, better than anyone else. We’ve explored every destination we sell and because we are 100% independent, we only recommend tried- and-tested hotels, lodges and activities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Natural Choice for Wildlife Holidays Welcome
    HOLIDAYS WITH 100% FINANCIAL PROTECTION The natural choice for wildlife holidays Welcome After spending considerable time and effort reflecting, questioning what we do and how we do it, and scrutinising the processes within our office and the systems we use for support, I am delighted to say that we are imbued with a new vigour, undiminished enthusiasm, and greater optimism than ever. My own determination to continue building on the solid foundation of twenty years of experience in wildlife tourism, since we started from very humble beginnings – to offer what is simply the finest selection of high quality, good value, tailor-made wildlife holidays – remains undaunted, and is very much at the core of all we do. A physical move to high-tech office premises in the attractive city of Winchester leaves us much better connected to, and more closely integrated with, the outside world, and thus better able to receive visitors. Our team is leaner, tighter, more widely travelled and more knowledgeable than ever before, allowing us to focus on terrestrial, marine and – along with Dive Worldwide – submarine life without distraction. In planning this brochure we deliberately set out to whet the appetite, and make no mention of either dates or prices. As the vast majority of trips are tailored to our clients’ exact requirements – whether in terms of itinerary, duration, standard of accommodation or price – the itineraries herein serve merely as indications of what is possible. Thereafter, you can refine these suggestions in discussion with one of our experienced consultants to pin down your precise needs and wants, so we can together create the wildlife holiday of your dreams.
    [Show full text]
  • A 13-Day Classic Wildlife Safari
    58-25 Queens Blvd., Woodside, NY 11377 T: (718) 204-7077; (800) 627-1244 F: (718) 204-4726 E: [email protected] W: www.classicescapes.com Nature & Cultural Journeys for the Discerning Traveler THE INDIANAPOLIS ZOO CORDIALLY INVITES YOU ON AN EXCLUSIVE WILDLIFE SAFARI TO ZAMBIA AFRICA’S LESS DISCOVERED WILDERNESS NOVEMBER 2 TO 12, 2019 . Schedules, accommodations and prices are accurate at the time of writing. They are subject to change COUNTRY OVERVIEW ~ ZAMBIA Lions, leopards and hippos – oh my! On safari in Zambia, discover a wilderness of plains and rivers called home by some of the most impressive wildlife in the world. From zebra to warthog and the countless number of bird species in the sky and along the river banks, your daily wildlife-viewing by foot, 4x4 open land cruiser, boat and canoe gives you rare access to this untamed part of the world. Experience the unparalleled excitement of tracking leopard and lion on foot in South Luangwa National Park and discover the wealth of wildlife that inhabit the banks and islands of the Lower Zambezi National Park. At night, return to the safari chic comfort of your beautiful lodges where you can view elephant and antelope drinking from the river. YOUR SPECIALIST/GUIDE: GRAHAM JOHANSSON Graham Johansson is a Professional Guide and an accomplished wildlife photographer. He has been leading private and specialist photographic tours and safaris since 1994 in Botswana, his first love and an area he knows intimately–Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Graham was born and raised on a farm in Zambia, educated in Zimbabwe, and moved to South Africa to further his studies, train and pursue a career in tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe Country Profile Draft June 2016
    Country Profile Republic of Zimbabwe Giraffe Conservation Status Report Sub-region: Southern Africa General statistics Size of country: 390,757 km² Size of protected areas / percentage protected area coverage: 12.5 % (Sub)species South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) Conservation Status IUCN ReD List (IUCN 2012): Giraffa camelopardalis (as a species) – Least Concern Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa – Not assessed In the Republic of Zimbabwe: The Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (PWMA), formerly known as the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management, was established in June 2002 and operates under the Parks and Wildlife Act of 1975 (Auditor General 2003). In Zimbabwe, the area occupied by National Parks (where wildlife are protected), Safari Areas (hunting is permitted but controlled through a quota system), Recreational Parks (centred around national dams or lakes), Botanic Reserves (small areas designed to protect particular plant species), Botanic Gardens (areas where indigenous and exotic plant species are protected and propagated) and Sanctuaries (reservoirs of animal species that are threatened with extinction and are provided safe breeding habitats) are collectively called the Wildlife Estates and total approximately 47,000 km2, or 12.5% of the total land area (Murindagomo 2013; Auditor General 2003). Wildlife Estates are the responsibility of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism and managed by the PWMA which is also responsible for wildlife resources throughout the country, including commercial and communal areas, as well as Government and private land (P. Duncan, pers. comm.). Giraffe are not a protected species in Zimbabwe and as such hunting, the removal of animals and animal products from a safari area, as well as the sale of animals and animal products is permitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Zambezi River Safari and Houseboat Cruise 11-Day Zimbabwe Tour with 5-Day Lake Kariba Cruise
    Zambezi River Safari and Houseboat Cruise 11-Day Zimbabwe Tour with 5-Day Lake Kariba Cruise Zambezi River Safari and Houseboat Cruise Discover one of Africa’s hidden treasures on an unforgettable journey amid Zimbabwe’s natural beauty. Explore magnificent waterfalls, pristine national parks, and enjoy thrilling wildlife safaris. Discover one of Africa’s hidden treasures on an unforgettable journey amid Zimbabwe’s natural beauty. Explore magnificent waterfalls, pristine national parks, and enjoy thrilling wildlife safaris. The Victoria Falls are one of the world’s most stunning natural wonders. Lake Kariba is the largest human-made lake in the world by volume. These are just two of the highlights of your exclusive houseboat adventure in Zimbabwe! What Makes Your Journey Unique • Experience the mighty Zambezi River • Enjoy a unique and exclusive cruise on Lake Kariba • Discover Zimbabwe on a houseboat featuring nine cabins, all with panoramic views • Visit the immense Victoria Falls, also known as the Smoke that Thunders • Explore the Mana Pools National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site • Go on a safari in the Matusadona National Park, home to all big five game animals Dates Info and Booking Susanne Willeke E-Mail: [email protected] Itinerary Day 1., Zimbabwe Welcomes You Your first day in Zimbabwe immediately gets off to the right start—with a smile from your driver. Once you arrive at your lodge, you begin to explore its amenities and surrounding areas. After lunch, you take advantage of your private balcony and gaze at the unfettered panorama of the gorgeous Zambezi National Park. A nearby watering hole attracts local wildlife, making for some beautiful and spontaneous photography sessions.
    [Show full text]
  • (A) SAFARI Total Price 7 Nights
    P a g e | 1 7 NIGHT ZAMBEZI NATIONAL PARK, VICTORIA FALLS & HWANGE NATIONAL PARK PLATINUM (A) SAFARI 2 Nights Zambezi National Park 1 Nights Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe 4 Nights Hwange National Park 8 Days / 7 Nights Reference: IP-7A Start Victoria Falls Airport / End Victoria Falls Airport Total Price 7 Nights: US$ 5372 (high season) / US$ 3840 (low season) per person per night P a g e | 2 Overview Enjoy an all-round safari with various bush activities - game drives, river cruises, bush walking, bird-watching, sleep-outs, hide sits, and more, while you stay at luxurious lodges from Zambezi National Park and Victoria Falls to Hwange National Park. Inspired Journey Overview Accommodation Night 1 - 2 Luxury tented suite at Victoria Falls River Lodge Night 3 Luxury tented suite at Elephant Camp Night 4 - 8 Safari tent at Little Makalolo Transfers Included P a g e | 3 Day 1 Road Transfer: Victoria Falls Airport to Victoria Falls River Lodge Day 3 Road Transfer: Victoria Falls River Lodge to Elephant Camp Day 4 Road Transfer: Elephant Camp to Victoria Falls Airport Flights Included Day 4 Victoria Falls Airport to Hwange airstrip Day 8 Hwange airstrip to Victoria Falls Airport Highlights Uninterrupted panoramic views of African sunsets and exceptional wildlife viewing in Zambezi National Park Luxurious accommodation with private deck and plunge pool at Victoria Falls River Lodge Exciting safari activities such as game drives, river cruises, canoe safaris, birding and walking safaris, and picnic lunch on Kandahar Island View the spectacular and
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe & Zambia
    ADVENTURE WORLD ZIMBABWE & ZAMBIA AGENT FAMIL | MAY 2017 ZIMBABWE & ZAMBIA AGENT FAMIL ITINERARY 4MAY Auckland to Hong Kong - 1320/2100 4MAY Hong Kong to Johannesburg - 2345/0635 +1 5 MAY 2017 JOHANNESBURG - VICTORIA FALLS Arrive in Johannesburg for your transfer flight to Victoria Falls. Check into your accommodation for the next two nights, Victoria Safari Lodge. Enjoy a boma dinner tonight. Accommodation: Victoria Falls Safari Lodge Situated on a plateau just 4km from the majestic Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe, the award-winning Victoria Falls Safari Lodge, surrounded by the wilds of Africa, offers an unforgettable experience. The sunset-facing 72-room Safari Lodge overlooks offers endless views of African bush and a waterhole frequented by elephant, buffalo, kudu and other wildlife. 6 MAY 2017 VICTORIA FALLS Today experience a tour of the magnificent Victoria Falls and enjoy dinner on the Royal Livingstone Express. 7-8 MAY 2017 VICTORIA FALLS - LIVINGSTONE Our time in Zambia is spent exploring the game rich Lower Zambezi National Park and staying at the Royal Zambezi Lodge, situated on the northern bank of the Zambezi River. With lions roaring in the distance and hippos snorting nearby the lodge provides a perfect based to explore this wild and beautiful area. Accommodation: Royal Zambezi Royal Zambezi Lodge, a spacious but intimate privately owned lodge, situated in Zambia on the banks of the mighty Zambezi River just minutes from the Lower Zambezi National Park and directly opposite Zimbabwe’s famous Mana Pools World Heritage Site. Royal offers the ultimate in luxury and cuisine while enjoying and participating closely in the sights and sounds of the African wilderness.
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe Deluxe
    Zimbabwe Deluxe Your professional partner for perfectly organised travel arrangements to Southern and Eastern Africa since more than 15 years Zimbabwe Deluxe Selected properties Combination of privately guided tour and Fly-in safari with guide from the respective camps Victoria Falls - Hwange National Park – Matusadona National Park Day 01: Victoria Falls On arrival in Victoria Falls you are being met by a representative of Victoria Falls River Lodge for your road transfer to the lodge, which takes about 20 minutes. On arrival we have planned in for a late lunch for you at the camp. In the later afternoon, you may like to enjoy a sunset cruise on the majestic Zambezi River, which is included in your arrangement with the lodge. Victoria Falls River Lodge L,D Day 02: Victoria Falls Enjoy one full day in this beautiful setting. We have organised for a privately guided tour of the Falls for you, which takes about two hours. One of the seven natural wonders of the world the Victoria Falls is a truly spectacular sight. On your privately guided tour of the Zimbabwe side of the Falls you have the opportunity, to experience its awesome unspoilt grandeur as your guide explains how this 150-million-year-old phenomenon was created. Start at Livingstone's statue and Devil's Cataract and proceed through the rain forest to Danger Point. The walk is approx. 3 km and there are many view points along the way. For the afternoon, you may like to relax or partaking in optional activities offered by the camp. It is also possible to participate in the afternoon game drive of the lodge in the Zambezi National Park, which is also included in your arrangement.
    [Show full text]
  • Mpala Jena Camp Zambezi National Park
    FACT SHEET MPALA JENA CAMP ZAMBEZI NATIONAL PARK Mpala Jena is an intimate safari camp positioned along the beautiful tree-laden banks of the mighty Zambezi River. The team of architects Craig Hayman and Hannah Charlton and interior designer Tracy Kelly have created a haven that epitomizes “Barefoot Luxury” at its best. As the camp is located on the white sandy edges of the river and in the Zambezi National Park, they sought to combine the elements of both by using thatched roofs in the main areas and flowing canvas luxury tents for the bedrooms. The sand floor in the bar area, and the adjacent swimming pool, set the scene for guests to kick their shoes off and relax after their morning game drive or river cruise. The pool lounge makes you feel that you are right on the river and is the ideal place to hang out with a book during the heat of the day. ‘Mpala Jena’ means “White Impala”. According to the local National Park rangers, when the Zambezi National Park was separated from the Victoria Falls National Park and declared a National Park in its own right in 1979, sightings of an albino impala were reported. The area under conservation, within the Zambezi National Park is 56,000 hectares (138,000 acres), and has a healthy and ever-increasing number of wildlife species, with higher concentrations of buffalo and elephant from June through to October. It has become an absolute gem of a reserve with some of the highest concentration of lion per square km than any other Zimbabwean park.
    [Show full text]
  • Victoria Falls & Hwange Safari
    Victoria Falls & Hwange Safari 10 Days Victoria Falls & Hwange Safari Venture across the waterholes and grassy pans of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe's largest game reserve brimming with spectacular wildlife. Head out for exciting bush walks, railway safaris, and mountain biking along elephant paths of Zambezi National Park. Visit local villages, spot elephant, gemsbok, lion, and beautiful bird variety on canoe rides and game drives. Experience the mist of the Victoria Falls, the world's largest sheet of cascading water — on your skin. End evenings with delicious campfire dinners and snuggle up in your "star bed" beneath the African sky. Details Testimonials Arrive: Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe “I've taken six MTS trips and they have all exceeded my expectations. The staff, the food, the logistics and Depart: Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe the communications have always been exceptional. Thank you for being my "go to" adventure travel Duration: 10 Days company!” Margaret I. Group Size: 1-16 Guests Minimum Age: 10 Years Old “I have traveled extensively around the world. The experience with MTS was by far the best I have ever Activity Level: had. Thank you for such excellence.” Marianne W. REASON #01 REASON #02 REASON #03 Fall asleep to the sounds Dynamic activities with unique Join conservation efforts by of hundreds of elephants ways to experience Africa's wild helping maintain borehole moving around the camp bush and epic animals by train, 4x4 pumps that support the wildlife in Hwange National Park. vehicle, hikes, and even by bike! of Hwange National Park. ACTIVITIES LODGING CLIMATE Elephant encounters, game- Landscape-inspired campsites and The weather is pleasant watching, open-air rail safari and lodges mostly nestled in remote throughout the year - warm/ hikes.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal Dynamics in Trophy Quality and Harvesting Patterns of Wild Herbivores in a Tropical Semi-Arid Savanna Ecosystem
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Trophy Hunting and Sustainability: Temporal Dynamics in Trophy Quality and Harvesting Patterns of Wild Herbivores in a Tropical Semi-Arid Savanna Ecosystem Victor K. Muposhi1*, Edson Gandiwa1, Paul Bartels2, Stanley M. Makuza3, Tinaapi H. Madiri4 1 School of Wildlife, Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe, 2 Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Private a11111 Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, 3 School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe, 4 Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, PO Box CY140, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Muposhi VK, Gandiwa E, Bartels P, The selective nature of trophy hunting may cause changes in desirable phenotypic traits in Makuza SM, Madiri TH (2016) Trophy Hunting and harvested species. A decline in trophy size of preferred species may reduce hunting desti- Sustainability: Temporal Dynamics in Trophy nation competitiveness thus compromising the sustainability of trophy hunting as a conser- Quality and Harvesting Patterns of Wild Herbivores in a Tropical Semi-Arid Savanna Ecosystem. PLoS vation tool. We explored the trophy quality and trends in harvesting patterns (i.e., 2004± ONE 11(10): e0164429. doi:10.1371/journal. 2015) of Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), African elephant (Loxodonta africana), greater pone.0164429 kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and sable (Hippotragus niger) in Matetsi Safari Area, Editor: Suzannah Rutherford, Fred Hutchinson northwest Zimbabwe. We used long-term data on horn and tusk size, age, quota size allo- Cancer Research Center, UNITED STATES cation and offtake levels of selected species.
    [Show full text]