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The Locative, the Ambient, and the Hallucinatory in the Internet of Things

Darren Wershler

Dr. Darren Wershler is ABSTRACT This paper outlines three the author or co-author modes in mobile digital media in the of ten books; most recently, The Iron contemporary cityscape: the locative, Whim: A Fragmented the ambient, and the hallucinatory. All of History of Typewriting these tendencies appear in contemporary (2005/2007) and apostrophe (2006), with artistic and commercial strategies for Bill Kennedy. Darren is “intertwingling” our cities and our data, yet an Assistant Professor each bears its own distinct freight. Rhetoric of Communication Studies at Wilfrid around locative media projects, which Laurier University, frequently draws on Situationist texts, tends part of the faculty at

to make broad claims about the potential DOI: 10.2752/175470710X12696138525703 the CFC Media Lab TELUS Interactive for positive cultural change. Ambient Art & Entertainment media’s rhetoric is entwined with neo-liberal Program, and a desires for a closed, frictionless circuit of Research Affiliate of the IP Osgoode consumption, where mobile technologies Intellectual Property directly connect consumers to brands Law & Technology

via virally circulating digital advertising Design and Culture Program. http://www.alienated.net/dwh codes. The hallucinatory is a moment of

the unexpected irruption of the Real, and, 199 200 Design and Culture Darren Wershler scale, infrastructural concerns or on or macroeither on focuses media concerns infrastructural -scale, attachments are thesubjectofthisarticle. Such physical. than rather digital are signage urban unofficial and official both to attachments the Increasingly, interactions. these of out emerges texture social how understand better to order in 392), 2003: Povinelli and (Gaonkar excess” and cause both as them to attached is “what of glimpse a catch to us allow will claim Povinelli close attention to such surfaces is what Dilip Gaonkar and Elizabeth Paying 16). 2008: objects, (Straw construction new and organization spatial and people become – signage between public to, limited not but interfaces including, – city the of surfaces mediatized and inscribed the that argues Straw Will studies, cultural speeds, outsideoftherealms oftheaudibleandvisible. us constantly, in codes and machine languages, at incomprehensible actually things technologies, Fitted these with garrulous. them rendering objects, mute formerly into itself (RFIDs) are all components of an Internet of Things that is insinuating tags FrequencyID radio and barcodes),metadata, two-dimensional Cell phones, the Global Positioning System (GPS), matrix codes (i.e. relationship to the environment … especially the urban environment. allegory for the ways in which ubiquitous computing is changing our an as serves but pathology, a describes longer no text Nabokov’s which he must intercept” (Nabokov 1958: 225–6). Half a century later, messages way awful some in representing patterns form flecks sun in or stains nightfall, or Pebbles trees. gesticulating darkly at by alphabet, manual discussed are thoughts inmost His information him. detailed regarding incredibly signs, slow of one means to by transmit another, sky staring the in “Clouds exchange communiques: ceaselessly coded that things of world a to subject as selves them­ imagine condition this from suffering Persons mania.” ential “Refer­ called illness mental imaginary an with afflicted character a Vladimir Nabokov’s 1958 short story “Signs and Symbols” describes mobility, Zižek KEYWORDS: signage,locativemedia,ambientAR,glitch, ofThings. Internet to mapthestakesoftheseemergentmodesin Pictures. Thisarticleargues forthegrowing need marketing firmssuchasDentsuCanadaandSony “[murmur]” andrecent urban adcampaignsfrom urbanartprojectsDrawing oninternational suchas the fantasyoffrictionlessglobaldigitalcapital. relationship betweendata andobjectsthatescapes as such,offers thepossibility ofconceivinga Straw notes that much of the scholarship to date on mobile digital In his writing on the circulatory turn in media, communication, and talk to each other about other each to talk do texts for pretexts interests him is an even stealthier paradigm he calls “unobtrusive “unobtrusive computing” (Gershenfeld 1999: 200). Nevertheless, there are, at the calls he paradigm stealthier even an is him interests the subtleties of “ubiquitous computing” are still too noticeable; what (Weiser environment 1991). For Neil the Gershenfeld, one of into the initial leaders of merge the TTT, to even screen PC the allow will it Weiser argues that one of the virtues of ubiquitous computing is that so. nearly invisibly,or function to it for desire a is common in have 4). 2000: Ashton and Brock (Sharma, world” physical networked a in nodes as act contactless to objects remote, physical all enabling thus, contents; allow of their interrogation that tags physical of use the are envision We object. that devices to pertinent information with tagged electronic electronically all is which electronic, or physical is it in whether object, every and world networked a envisions Center subsequently and 2003 to 1999 Auto into from expanded existed (which Center MIT Another 202). applications 1999: practical (Gershenfeld possible firms, its in technology interested scholars, corporations and of consortium research (TTT) Think That Things the of formation the with 1995, in Lab Media MIT the at further developed was idea The 1991). (Weiser 1991 September the for of issue in a special Computer Century,” published 21st “The titled prominent article first an its in was objects; appearance public networked of world a 2008: describe Kranenburg to (Van 8) computing” “ubiquitous term the use to first the was who Weiser was It Weiser. Mark technologist chief of direction the (PARC), under Center Research Alto Palo at Xerox the in However, 101). 2005: in the had 1988, notion its beginnings relative specifically Sterling, Bruce design and scholar environmentalist, writer, fiction science of writing the argument, that though, somecontextisnecessary. with proceeding Before Real. the to hallucinatory the and Symbolic, the to ambient Imaginary,the the to locative the three orders in Lacanian theory that collectively structure subjectivity: the of one to correspondsMoreover, states data. these our of each for strategies commercial (Nelson, “intertwingling” and artistic contemporary in degrees varying to appear states these hallucinatory.of the All and ambient, the locative, the operate: can Things of Internet the which in states three of terms in range middle missing the describe to possible is it specific examples of digitally augmented urban signage as examples, textuality,”communicative of Using 6). 2008: (Straw shrift short gets range, specifically “the texture of messages and semantic sub­ the of middle the result, a As interaction. human of micro-scale the network), also concerned itself with producing the Internet of of Internet Auto the “The outlines: statement producing mission with following the as Things, itself concerned also network), One factor that these diverse approaches to the Internet of Things with associated strongly is Things” of Internet “the phrase The - ID Labs, a global research and development development and research global a Labs, ID , 1974: Machines, Dream The Locative, the Ambient, and the Hallucinatory in the Internet ofThings The Locative,theAmbient,andHallucinatoryinInternet - based project, the Auto the project, based Shaping Things Shaping Scientific American Scientific 45) our cities and cities our 45) (Sterling (Sterling stance - - in ID ID ID ID

201 Design and Culture 202 Design and Culture Darren Wershler the beginningofadiagramsuchrelations. locative, ambient, and hallucinatory states of mobile digital media, is The analogy that I am arguing for, between the them. Lacanian encounter triad that and the subjects the and objects augmented digitally need to address the particular types of relations that occur between we ongoing argues, Straw the As us? afford technologies such observing of development might insights what But term. long visible the stay in may surface, urban conceivable signage every over augmented plastered digitally of types of array growing a through directly us address which portions, Other evidence. in much very still are books, some into interleaved and DVDs to attached RFIDs cheaper,the and as smaller such become components the as view from fade may that it of portions The construction. under well still case, the locative “denotes ‘place where,’” and serves “to locate or locate “to serves and where,’” ‘place “denotes locative the case, ‘location and media’ by ‘location’ anglophones and as others” (Kalnins 2004). As misinterpreted a grammatical often been has media’ that the locative case as applied to media and referred to as ‘locative corrective: “Locative is a case not a place. It seems a little unfortunate following the makes media,” “locative term the coined Karlis who Kalnins, detail. greater in examined be to needs that media locative [murmur] andsimilarprojects, seeWershler 2008:407). listener should focus on particular objects (for a longer discussion of listener with instructions for movement, while others suggest that the providethe stories there.”Some being of experience physical the in with that place while, in the words of the [murmur] website, “engaging murmurtoronto. ca) allows the curious to listen to stories associated sign on one of the street maps in [murmur]’s Web interface at http:// the of location the on (or,clicking alternatively,sign the on number residentsare (Figurepassersby to available telephone the Dialing 1). local by contributed stories where city given a in spot a marks sign of example textbook a ear green, is distinctive, Each media. locative urban globe, the around cities in nodes has and Sawhney Gabe Torontoin Micallef’sbegan Shawn which project,now [murmur] but 2009). contributors (Wikipedia social interactions” real triggering thus and places real [ to applied refers media digital contents same the the to which to bound not is location however media locative imple­ of physical The mentation location. a to bound com­ functionally of media munication are media “Locative perspective, popular a From Locative and humans between non connections the witness to ideal an point offer vantage they that is sites construction visiting of advantage ofThings. the conspicuousvisibilityofInternet about thinking for reasons and opportunities both moment, present However, there is a tension inherent to the popular notion of of notion popular the to inherent tension a is there However, in notes Latour Bruno As - humans” (Latour 2005: 88). In 2009, the Internet of Things is is Things of Internet the 2009, In 88). 2005: (Latour humans” Reassembling the Social the Reassembling sic ]. Locative media are are media Locative ]. shaped [murmur] -shaped , “the great great “the , A typical[murmur]sign,Toronto. PhotographbyBryceMacfarlane.Usedpermission of The Locative, the Ambient, and the Hallucinatory in the Internet ofThings The Locative,theAmbient,andHallucinatoryinInternet Shawn Micallefand[murmur]. Figure 1

203 Design and Culture 204 Design and Culture Darren Wershler However, it is ultimately only part of the picture, because both it and other.powerful this of aspect obvious most the is alike applications commercial civilian and military for possible media locative makes demilitarized network of GPS and telecommunications satellites which all hi from away technologies consumer of power the redirect to Varnelis’s call and (Zižek it from distance some imagine achieved to have they subjects its for room enough leaves even agency this elicits, and determines it (Zižek observes, which agency powerful obscenely omniscient, an is there like appear we which in form the Underpinning identification. should poseis,forwhomisthisperformancestaged? we question The 171). 1989: (Zižek lacks other the that something providing each totality, harmonious a into merge itself city the and cityscape the in objects to pointing signs the subject, viewing the relationship: Imaginary properly a present to strives media locative sense, this In environment. metropolitan the of richness the explore to ways new for looking thought citizens engaged for yet encounters provoking delightful authentic, producing by sphere public the revitalizemedia’sto locative attempt is egalitarian This an face: best their aspirationsforlocativemediaasfollows: of the form written in 2006, Marc Tuters and Kazys Varnelis describe state the on report detailed a Media,” Locative “Beyond In projects. way that locative media practitioners talk about themselves and their between a person and a locative media marker; it the also concerns encounter the than more covers description This 105). 1989: (Zižek place very the “with identify we we would like to be”; on the other is Symbolic identification, in which “what with identify we which in identification, Imaginary is hand one On seen. be to like we’d how on based is turn in which ourselves, subject, anditisinthisrelation thatthetensionlies. a but location, physical a merely not designates locative the words, other In English. in preposition a of function the to roughly corresponds it is, that – 1648) 1971: (“Locative” something” of presence the in fix - Imaginary identification is always already subordinated to Symbolic and Varnelis 2006) (Tuters ever. than important more is Today, this power. their redirectand technologies, consumer engage to attempting by audience mass a reach rhetorically,to least at strives, media a priestly technological class for an elite arts audience, locative by produced art, net Unlike impacts. social potential their and assem technological certain the examine to which by We suggest that locative media offers a conceptual frame­ of conception certain a to tied always is other an to Relating powerful agency of networked globalized capital. The partly partly The capital. globalized networked of agency powerful relation - between a subject and something other than that that than other something and subject a between tech “priesthoods” and “elites” points directly to the the to directly points “elites” and “priesthoods” tech 1989: 108). In contemporary culture, we are being observed” being are we where from 1997: 21). Tuters21). 1997: blages ­blages work able, ­able, - capital, the physical signs that trigger transient media encounters are how,of account supplementary a global networked of behest the at is it mediation, the of movement the on solely focuses it that extent the to but aremoving, mediation a in parties both when scenarios for allowing of advantage the has media transient model, conceptual a As milieu. digital a in ployment time of dialectic Innis’s Harold reinvents media transient of notion This “transient on paper media” isarecent attempttocompensate: McQuire’s Scott and Papastergiadis, Nikos Cubitt, Sean complex. mobility this within possible are that forms of on fixity, it may not be accommodating enough to describe the variety prominently (Urry 2007: 195). Because of locative media’s emphasis inter “elaborate the which in in complex,” summarized “mobility be emergent an can of terms capital of types other from capital global best bedescribedasachangeinperspective. specific any involve not does change in the kind of technology that is being used. Instead, it ambient might to locative from shift The Ambient order Symbolic supple The Labs. Auto-ID like interests consortia behind business the by accommodated easily be can media projects, locative many characterizes that idealism the opposite, its which organize our life as the permanent dealing with excesses” excesses” with (Zižek 2001:31). dealing permanent the as life our organize which gadgets the by solicited game, the of part is “transgression where self ceaseless the is media locative of versions dystopian and utopian the both determines that monetize the same technologies (Tutersto and looking Varnelis 2006). firms The field advertising and reengagement civic of a sense new spawn to attempting visionaries utopian the both to incidentals and software,hardware, sell to happy too all is capital postmodern Papastergiadis andMcQuire 2007:3) (Cubitt, project. as of think can we technology its of honour in which and “object” or “subject” as distinguished be which cannot them between process material a inaugurates which and ways, both goes which vector a them, between axis an as transient the situate might we object, and subject between distinction traditional the accept we If mediation. of act an to between one moving and one unmoving or two moving parties not a relation in time, but a relation in space, describes a relationIt normally ephemeral. the as same the not is transient The networked distinguish that factors the Urry, John to According ­con - biased and space and biased nections of physical movement and communications” figurecommunications” and movement physical of nections . What is necessary is to provide to is necessary is What enough . mobile not objects or parties engaged in the act of act the in engaged parties or objects physical - biased media (Heyer 2003: 46) for de­ for 46) 2003: (Heyer media biased - invention of networked global capital, capital, global networked of invention The Locative, the Ambient, and the Hallucinatory in the Internet ofThings The Locative,theAmbient,andHallucinatoryinInternet 1 of

205 Design and Culture 206 Design and Culture Darren Wershler silhouettes of Vespa scooters. The The scooters. Vespa of featuring posters silhouettes hoarding with began campaign Vespa the with form ofhybridambientmedia. film, Blomkamp’sscience-fiction Neill for campaign 2009 summer Pictures’ Sony and 2007, of July and Canada’sDentsu Vespa June 30). its for in 1996: work (Reid practices into signage urban of forms impermanent and technologies permanent network and digital both incorporate campaigns media a new, hybrid strain of ambient media has emerged. Recent ambient advertising, digital emerging than succeed to likely less and faddish as now and then between interim the in dismissed often was media ambient of form analog initial, this Though 37). 1996: Woolgar (Cook and Britain in vogue into coming was – etc. sidewalks, or walls blank onto projected urinals, above placards on placed sidewalks, on spraypainted advertising – media” “ambient TechnologyPolicy), and Science of (Office it oversee to board a established and users, directive declaring the availability of GPS for civilian as well as military toward adigital,purely symbolicstatethatwemightcallambient. another to pointing thing one of indexicality the from away moving forms of signage, such as billboards, benches, outdoor video video outdoor benches, pole billboards, and screens, as such signage, of forms durable more also but stickers, and tape, caution posters, only not many of the the and of posters many Vespa the Both 3). and 2 (Figures ONLY” HUMANS in FOR STOP “BUS as background) such messages white xenophobic a convey on to order pictographs and text red and warnings hazard (black official of conventions semiotic and graphic the both the mobile device and the index (QR Code) are doing an an doing are Code) (QR index the and device mobile the both than connecting two people, or a person and an object. Additionally, scale different entirely an on proceeds Codes QR featuring objects Linking digital networks to signage or other mechanically reproduced (Lee cityscape the in 2009). signage ambient the encountered they as total calls came from cell phones, indicating that people were calling ninety significantly, More sightings. alien about messages left them of 2,500 and period, two-week a in calls phone 33,000 made people that reported marketing, digital of president Sony’sCaines, Dwight Non-Humans.” “Report to use could people YouTube. Some signs also featured toll-free telephone numbers that campaign contained a URL that led to a trailer for the film hosted on winning a prize (Vespa Canada 2007). The QR Code in the consumer the in resulted code correct the campaign, Vespa the In consumer’sthe handset. to URL a of transmission automatic the in Code with a cell phone loaded with the appropriate software resulted QR a of picture Takinga 4). (Figure Codes QR called codes matrix From the point of view of a person on the street, an encounter encounter an street, the on person a of view of point the From policy a issued PresidentClinton US that year same the 1996, In The implications of this sort of ambient media are considerable. are media ambient of sort this of implications The District 9 District - mounted signs. All of the the of All signs. mounted signs also featured large, two large, featured also signs District 9 District , exemplify this new this exemplify 9, District District 9 District campaign included included campaign - two percent of the the of percent two - signs mimic mimic signs dimensional dimensional District 9 phones and QR Codes is not so much a departure from encounters cell of involvement “Users The 30). 2005: signage, (Morville scan” they physical read, don’t or media digital encountering are they and planners urban by whether and that states Passini, Romedi and Arthur Paul like wayfinders Krug, Steve and Nielsen Jakob like Peter architect Information role. experts usability web by done work the examined has who Morville, passive more a to subject the relegating recognition, of process the in work of amount increasing District 9ambientmediacampaignbusstopadwithtoll-free numberandURL. West Portal,SanFrancisco,June6,2009.PhotographbyDannyHoward. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dannyman/4153688009 Creative Commonslicense:Attribution-noncommercial 2.0. The Locative, the Ambient, and the Hallucinatory in the Internet ofThings The Locative,theAmbient,andHallucinatoryinInternet Figure 2

rruneh/3949106066/sizes/l/ Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Generic.URL:http:// District 9ambientmedia ad withtoll-free number www.flickr.com/photos/ campaign phonebooth London, September7, 2009. Photographby Rune Hammersland. Creative Commons license: Attribution- and URL. Victoria, and URL.Victoria, Figure 3

207 Design and Culture 208 Design and Culture Darren Wershler which we appear likeable to ourselves,” Symbolic identification is identification Symbolic ourselves,” to likeable appear we which global capital, networked this form of of ambient mobility is perspective the from though, Again, devices. these to connected or inside either computers onto information relevant of processing the offload and eyeballs, their and than rather computers phones their with signs “scan” to begin people as practices, existing already of literalization a is it as media ambient analog with District 9cautiontapewithQRCode.Broadway, NewYork, August17,2009. If imaginary identification is “identification with the image in in image the with “identification is identification imaginary If Photograph byDarren Wershler. still not mobile enough. Figure 4 shortcodes can be shared easily with people who did not see the the see not did who people with easily shared be can shortcodes Codes, QR Unlike button. Send the hits and phone her into digits of sequence the enters simply user its software;readingproprietary any without used be can shortcode a Code, QR a Unlike 1). 2008: (JCD typical is prizes, win to 500500 to “EASY” text to them urging various (billboards,ads (OOH) etc.) out-ofhome benches, of on kinds signs encounter contestants which in Depot, Business Staples for campaign SMS Mobile’s Vortex 2007a). (Murphy or service [SMS] other message short a request to keypad the via telephone a into entered is that characters alphanumeric of sequence brief ideological) a is most its at identification Symbolic of redolent term (a “short from move a digit automatization: and dematerialization further its for own. our not clearly are identification Symbolic the in that represented interests demonstrating of way one is manner this in problem the Formulating efficient. more much be would it embodiment, physical routed be for need somehow the and actions, decisions, eliminating consumers, around could transaction a conducting of the process if advertising, of perspective the From consumption. effective consumer the Paradoxically, capital. of flow efficient a the down to slowing it is website) sending and Code QR a of picture a taking (like campaign that in participate to order in actions deliberate perform to have to and poster) a such of site (the location physical specific a in be to have to consumer a expects that Code) QR a featuring poster a as any words, other In digitally augmented object in an ambient 2007b). advertising campaign (such (Murphy execution” media the being near “without contest a such enter could consumer a that ways maximize imagining by campaign advertising ambient an of benefits” “viral to the is goal the – citizen urban engaged an of those than rather itself capital global networked of interests the of perspective QR of pictures the taking is, that – perspective Fromthis cameras. phone cell with Codes like acts by raised barriers” “proximity the eliminate to need the emphasizes Association Marketing Canadian which isexactlywhathappening. media … capital digitized ambient of flow in the hasten and strengthen involved to marketing those from attempts ongoing see to expect should we global then Things, of Internet the of other networked the is capital If reasonable. perfectly be to appear meaning, of guarantor a as it socio with identification the our of of because other,which, desires the to according lives our arrange never a but desires, one’sown meet to attempt an not involves identification Symbolic such, As 105). 1989: (Zižek “identification with the very place Digital ambient media has already established a clear trajectory trajectory clear a established already has media ambient Digital the of website the on campaign Vespa the of analysis An ally recognized symbols like QR Codes to purely numeric numeric purely to Codes QR like symbols recognized ­ally codes.” A shortcode or, in marketing jargon, “call to action” action” to “call jargon, marketing in or, shortcode A ­codes.” - subject is also the major hindrance to optimally optimally to hindrance major the also is subject from where we are being observed” The Locative, the Ambient, and the Hallucinatory in the Internet ofThings The Locative,theAmbient,andHallucinatoryinInternet ending attempt to attempt -ending - symbolic symbolic

209 Design and Culture 210 Design and Culture Darren Wershler Lab, works with Augmented Reality, a type of locative media a media like much symbol, locative of geometric abstract type (an a “fiducial” a Reality, involving Augmented with works Lab, Cinema Future University’s Yorkstudent at Fisher graduate Caitlin Dr. a with studying Papagiannis, 2009). (Papagiannis Internet the Things of of Real the manifesting directly experiment, thought 1999: 40–1). (Kittler example” for suture, coronal the plainly,along it put to well, – naturally itself of existed but sound of translation graphic the from directed it on its return journey along a tracing which was not derived (Kittler Sound” 1999: “Primal 38–42). essay, “What if,” asks 1919 the poet, his “one changed the in needle and Real the of aspect first the with encounter imaginary an staged Rilke before Maria Long Rainer Kittler, all. at transmission of possibility the is of but condition the transmission, clear prevents only not which channel the in not just the Symbolic but also subjectivity. precedes The Real is also the noise that universe the of static background the is it aspects: of communication (Kittler 1999: 21–114). The Real also has different the fantasizing of capital about an impossible, perfectly clear channel despite phonograph, the of invention the since Real the transcribing in (de constantly” Certeau 1984:185). talks now real the secret, a constituting Formerly opposite. its into things of silence great the transforms media “The Life In Real. Everyday the of is Practice The Symbolization of product a that is gap and this precedes for both name One space. social across movement motivating thing the the of excess” and “cause the is it Povinelli, and Gaonkar for object; nor subject neither is which process material a shift the from is gap this al., et Cubitt For perspectives. antagonistic two between results that difference the gap, insurmountable always an is there modes, ambient and locative is warring and its media, though, between digital mobile ignores, of object and subject circulation the between that capitalistic of fantasy this What Hallucinatory currency withoutconsultingusatall. and information exchange – carts shopping smart tellingly, and, – Internet of Things, where RFIDs and reading devices like cell phones The wires. exchange of shortcodes is the one step closer to across a truly unobtrusive shooting data of string other any from indistinct formally are they because 2009), (Murphy option flexible most the remain will shortcodes handsets, all onto software standard the preload a and on agree cell providers service Unless phone them. and read makers to phone packages Codes, QR software of kinds different different requiring several also are there notes, Blog Marketing Canadian the Further,as setting. original its in sequence Gramophone, Film, Typewriter Film, Gramophone, Helen Papagiannis’s “Hallucinatory AR” gives body to Rilke’s Rilke’s to body gives AR” “Hallucinatory Papagiannis’s Helen The Real now talks constantly because, as Friedrich Kittler argues , Michel de Certeau observed that that observed Certeau de Michel , , technological media has been been has media technological , referential constituent, relying on juxtapositional and contiguous contiguous and juxtapositional on relying constituent, recognizable, a referential of preservation and a sources included thus dream to unconscious pictorial, the appeal a of Surrealists’ The productive scene. sign, figurative the of function unquestioned representational an utilize “must image Surrealist the that observes He create. can image Surrealist the that disruption the of limits the content. McCaffery’s contribution to this dialogue is that he identifies separate a on Symbolic fixed no contains it that realities in further step a goes it but plane, disparate multiple connect does it cause conjunction their of exactitude (McCaffery 1986:172). the and images these between distance the both maximizing on depends image Surrealist the strength of the that argues Reverdy an table, and operating an on machine umbrella sewing a between encounter chance infamous plane which in appearance is unsuitable to them” and Lautréamont’s a on realities unjoinable “two of linking the Ernst’sof on description Building Lautréamont. and Ernst of work the from directly develop realities,disparate indeed two does of juxtaposition the on depends Reverdy’s canonical definition of the Surrealist image, whose strength As Steve McCaffery points out in “The Elsewherethe of Meaning,” Pierre and 2009). beauty (Papagiannis image collage the Surrealist the of both potential jarring invokes Papagiannis Lautréamont, de 2009). (Figures 5aand5b) (Papagiannis prominently” more appearing best, and worked multiplying rapidly imagery hallucinatory AR the that camera web the “Interestingly, it was video. when the image was blurred into this face using the in appear also would face male a approximating image an that camera, the of length focal the varying by Papagiannis discovered, also “stick.” one make to attempt an in through cycled it differentfour evoke to ability its in unique was one which videos, AR this image). Of the various images with which she experimented, this stained-glass window (she is currently unable to identify the source of ment was a high-contrast, low-resolution -andwhite black photo of a system thatgeneratestheimageinfirstplace. the of constitutive and by constituted object impossible an image, the on stain anamorphic flickering a uncanny: is result The 2009). (Papagiannis object the on them has it imposing and memory sequences in AR stored the through mistakes cycling endlessly software imagery, AR AR the generate to attempts and where fiducials AR for objects material random instances – 2009) (Sterling glitches” Reality “Augmented involve pieces AR Hallucinatory 2007 Papagiannis’s glasses. shutter or screen camera the in appears it as fiducial the of image the onto object digital of sort some imposes camera connected to a computer or smartphone, and software that digital a or glasses shutter LCD of pair a appearance), in Code QR Papagiannis’s Hallucinatory AR piece is important precisely be­ precisely important is piece AR Hallucinatory Papagiannis’s Comte the and Ernst Max via experiment this about theorizing In experi­ her for on settled eventually Papagiannis that image The The Locative, the Ambient, and the Hallucinatory in the Internet ofThings The Locative,theAmbient,andHallucinatoryinInternet

211 Design and Culture 212 Design and Culture Darren Wershler technology that will project before our eyes a heads a eyes our before project will that technology designed tastefully and unobtrusive with equipped be will we day when considering, as John Murrell does, the high likelihood that “one emerge to begins fact this of significance full The constituted. is AR which of out matter very the represent they because entirely them eliminate never can smoothly,it function to order in eruptions such against itself defend must Reality Augmented While environment. built the of surfaces inscribed other the ostensible and the signage of altering meanings drastically time, any at Things, of Internet the in anywhere erupt to potential the has Real digital noisy,glitchy use oftheImaginarytocoverovertrauma. the necessitating and Symbolic, the of function the disrupting and preceding Real, digital the of level the at intact, operates AR Hallucinatory subject the and referentiality leaving Symbolic, the of level more far – beautiful Surrealista Whereasthan image. violent Surrealismthan the on operates sublime more thus is AR Hallucinatory operations to create the image” (McCaffery 1986: 172). Papagiannis’s Stills from HelenPapagiannis’s video“Hallucinatory AR.” Usedwithpermission. What the generality of Hallucinatory AR demonstrates is that the that is demonstrates AR Hallucinatory of generality the What URL: http://augmentedstories.wordpress.com/2009/07/30/hallucinate/ (a) (b) Figure 5(a)and(b) - up display of of display up 1. Note 2005: 138). (Latour world common livable a of creation the toward step small possibility of effective intervention in these networks, and for another of contemporary communications networks is what will allow for the definition and description collective the maintains, Latour Bruno as of describing the politics of augmented reality technologies. Perhaps, AR signage appeals to our drives and desires is an important aspect how the understanding that argue to locative, is the hallucinatory the to and ambient, Real and Symbolic, Imaginary, Lacanian the not neutral by any stretch of the imagination. The point of connecting are augmentation digital of modes various the terms that suggested also existing have I two (hallucinatory). one to new a adding by and ambient) refinements (locative, proposing by media mobile digital of taxonomy emerging the to contribute to been has goal My application. critical and pragmatic both for that’suseful vocabulary come” (Zižek2001:85). of networked global capital, “the space is still open for our activity to co­ such by Symbolic up the reconfigure to room opened still is there that intervals indicate glitches The 2009). (Sterling yet has know it even that doesn’t it produces that industry the AR that with problems technology of range whole a is to points AR Hallucinatory of existence the what notes, Sterling As down. break things where system any in point a is there that reminder a circulation, perfect of capital’sglobal fantasy networked in bugs the of embodiment an is that AR reality imagery.Hallucinatory fantastic its obdurate by supplanted the be to refuses and rig AR an forces: antagonistic two 84). The Real, the in-between, is the space of the deadlock between (Zižek accept” to thing difficult most the final is the resolution, deferring forever obstacle structural the not and this, – HAPPENS’ impossible “‘the notes, Zižek Slavoj as that, exactly is objects digital 2009). of degree high a on (Murrell risk at are AR of users the takes than more because seriousness, signage traffic like environment an in itself manifests Real digital the when happens what of question the life-or for applications AR Android and iPhone of appearance early the Given 2009). (Murrell real whatever to related information ordinates of the Internet of Things. Even in the digital metropolis digital the in Even Things. of Internet the of ordinates An important part of that activity will be the development of a of development the be will activity that of part important An impossible other and glitches of emergence the of point The of domination and exploitation”(Zižek1999: 184). the ‘authentic’ popular content and its ‘distortion’ contents: by the relations particular two least at incorporate to has universality able to recognize its authentic longings. In short, every hegemonic a set of features in which the exploited/dominated majority will be incorporate to has operative, be to ideology,order ruling in “The death scenarios like traffic management, traffic like scenarios -death The Locative, the Ambient, and the Hallucinatory in the Internet ofThings The Locative,theAmbient,andHallucinatoryinInternet - life scene we’re looking at” at” looking we’re scene life 2001:

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