PORTS OF TRURO AND PENRYN SuPorts Cluster Project Action Plan

Prepared by Mael Garrec, Cornwall Marine Network INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: 1. Understanding the Ports 1. 1.1) Truro and Penryn: Complex Port Authorities Along the River Fal 8. 1.2) Regulations, Strategic and Planning Documents 13. 1.3) A Mixed Set of Stakeholders

CHAPTER 2: 15. Ambitious Objectives Towards Blue Growth and Sustainability 15. 2.1) Cornwall Objectives for Sustainable Development 17. 2.2) The Port Authority Objectives for Sustainable Development 20. 2.3) Port SWOT Analysis 20. 2.4) Outcome of the Stakeholders Meeting

CHAPTER 3: 23. Proposals for Actions 24. 3.1) Outlined Projects 28. 3.2) Other Projects 31. 3.3) Projects Feasibility Assessment

CHAPTER 4: 34. Implementation and Delivery 34. 4.1) Energy Efficient Port Buildings and Renewable Energy Production 50. 4.2) Restoring Channels and Marshes and Improving the Port Capacity 71. 4.3) Potential Transferability to other CMN or Local Stakholders 72. 4.4) Transferability of the Outlined Projects

74. CONCLUSION

75. FIGURES AND TABLES

77. WORKS CITED

79. ANNEX 1) Legislation Currently Affecting Ports

80. ANNEX 2) Sustainable Strategy Sub-Objectives

81. ANNEX 3) Summary of Stakeholders’ Meetings

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 2 Introduction

This report summarises six months research undertaken by Cornwall Marine Network (CMN) within the Sustainable Ports (SuPorts) cluster project for the Ports of Truro and Penryn (which was an associate partner of the project). The project focused on identifying sustainability issues within the Port area and assesses several project ideas to tackle them. A bottom-up approach was used, following the CEREMA’s (French ministry of sustainable development expertise centre) framework, using local stakeholders knowledge to gather this information. The project results are intended to be transferable to other municipal ports of Cornwall or other ports members of CMN whatever their status. Similar studies were produced by the SuPorts cluster project partners and their results may also be reused to improve the sustainability of Cornish ports.

1) Understanding the Ports 2) Ambitious objectives towards blue growth and The Port of Truro and Penryn are complex sustainability Port Authorities which lie along the Fal Estuary for more than 10km. Two harbours Truro and The Cornwall Maritime Strategy and Port Authority Penryn. strategic documents already include objectives towards more sustainable Cornish ports and There is an acknowledged important potential maritime activities. Strategic documents include for fishing and leisure industry in this maritime an Environmental Management System (EMS) region. Commercial navigation revenue streams and sustainable strategy. Sustainability is also have shifted towards bigger ports but small included in the business plan. coastal trade is still a viable activity as well as workboats which find the space which Falmouth A set of stakeholders committed to port future lacks for berthing and maintenance. sustainability participated in the stakeholders’ meetings held during the SuPorts project Both Ports partly lie in several environmental to identify, through this bottom-up process, protection areas. Any improvement work sustainability issues. The main issues identified must then have its impact on the environment were: thoroughly assessed. • Severe accretion of the channels • Poor energy efficiency • Poor accessibility to the area and between the Ports’ neighbourhoods 3 and 4) Proposals for • Lack of public access to the water actions to improve the port • Fading link between the City and its port sustainability and feasibility heritage studies

Project ideas were designed by the stakeholders meeting and by the Port Authority itself. Projects address all issues with proof-tested solutions to improve the Ports’ sustainability in a cost effective way adapted to the scarce resources of the Port Authority. Two priority projects (Energy and Dredging) were then outlined to undertake a full assessment of the idea and provide advice to deliver them. Dredging and disposal of Energy efficiency and the spoils renewable energy

Dredging and disposal solutions were assessed A building energy audit was performed on two to find a more sustainable method: Port-owned buildings and the following elements were outlined: • The related regulations, consents and permits were identified with the related • Poor insulation and energy efficiency of assessments. the harbour office (G Energy Performance • Potential sustainable techniques of dredging Certificate (EPC) rating) and maritime the channels and turning areas were workshop (E EPC rating). identified as more adapted to the port • The Ports’ carbon footprint and energy context. Techniques to dispose of the spoils expenses could be significantly reduced by were also identified as potentially more some work. cost-effective and able to reduce the carbon • Improvement works are advised to set up footprint. Those dredged sediments would several AC units to provide a more effective be reused to rebuild river banks and restore heat source and fit new insulation on both saltmarshes. buildings. • A timeframe and funding solutions were • There is a clear potential for renewable proposed to enable the port to find energy production with photovoltaic (PV) matchfunding for each step of the long- panels, though less with windmills. term process.

Soft transportation modes

The cycle hiring project and the pedestrian footbridge would ease the displacement along and across the river, and promote soft transportation modes.

• Cycling schemes adapted to the context of Truro have been identified by comparing several similar experiences in the UK and in mainland Europe, with a cycling circuit proposal. • Funding solutions have been identified to deliver the scheme.

Heritage boatyard

A heritage boatyard project will help to revive the link between the City and its maritime heritage.

• To date, the lease of the piece of land have been granted by the harbours’ board • The Rhoda-Mary, a Truro-built wooden schooner will be restored at Lighterage Quay • A full boatyard will be built involving 10 new apprenticeships CHAPTER 1

Understanding the Ports

1.1) Truro and inhabitants, which is the second most which is under ownership of Cornwall Penryn: Complex populated in Cornwall. Falmouth is Council. Previously, the Ports of Truro the first port in Cornwall in terms of and Penryn were under the control of Port Authorities commercial activity with its deep water their district (Carrick District) from the Along the River Fal docks and its shipyard. Falmouth 1970s. Since 2009, the district and the and Penryn are strongly related with county council merged into a regional 1.1.a) Truro and Penryn, the maritime history of Cornwall as unitary authority called Cornwall Council. The regional ports followed Small but Central Urban Falmouth was the main packet station the merger under the Maritime section Areas for the British Empire until the middle of the new council but remained of the 19th century and Penryn was a The city of Truro is the capital of the under the same Harbour Authority. port since middle ages and a hub of Cornwall unitary authority (NUTS The Council Maritime section manages the smuggling and piracy activity in 2) and hosts the headquarters of nowadays all the Cornish public the western channel during centuries. Cornwall Council. The urban area has ports: (Truro and Penryn, Penzance, about 23 600 inhabitants. Newquay, St. Ives…) excluding some 1.1.b) A Port Authority for ports like Falmouth, Padstow and The town of Penryn is nowadays Both Harbours Fowey (trust-ports which are not- the university suburb of Falmouth for-profit corporations) and Falmouth (Universities of Exeter and Falmouth). The Port Authority of Truro and Penryn Docks, Par Docks, St. Mawes and The urban area counts 32 500 is a public ‘municipal’ port body Hayle (private port authorities).

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 1 Fal Estuary from older parts of the harbour that management). The Port area covers Truro to Falmouth decision was taken to cover some 1,000 hectares of the Estuary, Lemon Quay with a plaza and a 4 which is known to be the third biggest lane city bypass (Morlaix Avenue). natural harbour in the world, and extends from Truro to a line joining The Port’s berthings are, since Penarrow Point and Messack Point then, restrained to Garras Wharf to the south. The whole of the Fal and Town Quay near the harbour Estuary is protected under several office and to Lighterage Quay and English and European Environmental Malpas in the south. regulations such as SSSI, AONB, SAC1.

Penryn, the Mediaeval Pirate The Port Authority area is also a very Harbour touristic area (Cornwall is one of the major holiday destination within Penryn is also a port dating back the UK) and counts several marinas at least to the middle ages. It of importance such as Mylor Yacht was a middle-sized port at the Harbour (Mylor Harbour) or Falmouth time living from the trade of tin, Marina (Penryn), which are privately granite and the famous Cornish owned. In fact, if the Port Authority smuggling and piracy activities has authority on the water and in the Channel (until the 17th ownership of most of the seabed in century). It was superseded by the Estuary, it does however not own the Port of Falmouth, a deepwater a significant surface of land on the port more adapted for the modern banks compared with other European trade vessels. The Port of Penryn ports. The marinas rent the sea- is now too shallow for modern fundus they occupy with pontoons and big trading ships but still retains own most of their land facilities. various commercial marine activities on its old quays, various small boatyards and Upper Falmouth and a number of leisure moorings and 1.1.c) Two Ancient Ports Truro Rivers Marked by the Rich Cornish pontoons. Maritime History 1.1.d) Extensive but Ageing Facilities Truro, the Cornish Capital City

The Large Area of Truro and Truro is an upper ria port dating back Carrick Roads to 1107 a.c. The Port was relatively important within the western channel The area managed by the Port and Iroise trade circuits until the start of Truro runs along the River Fal of the 20th century. The growing size about 29 km (see navigational of vessels and the decline of Cornish charts pg. 9 and 10) the northern industries (tin, copper and lead part of the Fal Estuary complex mining) progressively shut down most in Cornwall including its affluent of the hinterland trade sources. In rivers to the navigational the 1960s, industrial and commercial limits (the upper streams are activities became so limited in the under the Environment Agency

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 2 sea surge protection fences to protect south bank) and the old warehouses the Quay’s warehouses. have been converted in to apartments. Quays and facilities in Truro Penryn: A Small but Thriving Port Falmouth Yacht Marina counts some 350 moorings and berths (managed • 370m of quay in Lighterage The Port of Penryn is part of the Port by Premier Marinas). 380 moorings are Quay drying at high tide of Truro and has its own harbour also managed by the Port Authority. • A Harbour Office located in orders. The Port Authority area covers the city centre 40 ha at the end of the Penryn River. The Port of Penryn is host to an • 2 warehouses and a work- The Port is mainly used by marine innovative Park and Float scheme shop in Lighterage Quay leisure uses. It hosts several small (car park and pedestrian ferry link to boatyards dedicated to small boats the town centre) running during high and leisure boats and also a small season which connects Ponsharden

The commercial activities are now centred at Lighterage Quay in Newham, Truro. The older quays in Truro are covered (Lemon Quay) or extensively silted (Town Quay and Garras Wharf). The Lemon Quay area has been converted into the central plaza of the City and hosts farmers’ markets and exhibitions. Garras Wharf and Town Quay are now partly covered by Morlaix Avenue (Truro main 4-lanes bypass) and by a commercial estate as far as Newham. The fleet of commercial and work boats at Newham neighbourhood is still the Exchequer Quay. main industrial area in the City. Quays and facilities in Penryn The Truro River regularly floods at The old harbour situated in the exceptional hide tides, partly because Glasney Valley still has quays but • 80m of quay with Exchequer of the silting up of the Port. The Port the access is greatly reduced with and Town Quay was fitted a decade ago with flood the stone bridge which greatly limits • A Harbour Office fitted with protection gates, which are managed the available height span for boats. toilets and other amenities by the Environment Agency, to protect The Port has seen its commercial in Penryn the city centre from submersion. users migrate nearer to deeper water Lighterage Quay was also fitted with (except some warehouses on the

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 3 each year at Lighterage Quay, which is also used by a number of working boats. In 2013, 9738 tonnes of cargo was exported from Lighterage Quay, a number which remains stable in 2014 with 9883 tonnes. Further down the river, a number of mooring buoys are used to lay-up an average of 6 ships per annum, predominantly when shipping rates are low and companies opt for mothballing redundant ships.

An average of 12 FT jobs (8 for the shipping agent, 2 for the client scrap metal company and 2 for the Harbour Authority) have been estimated to be with the central Custom House Quay more the viability of commercial traffic related with this trade and 4 more (old harbour). At low season, the car at Lighterage Quay. Recently, some with the ferry connection. park shifts to a wintering boat park. trade sources have disappeared due to the Port becoming too shallow. The Although this limited activity does not The old Port area has been in a cement importing facility was made threaten directly any job for FPP or redevelopment phase for several redundant in 2012, but the Port is still Falmouth Pilot Services (FPS), these years: Jubilee Wharf and Jubilee exporting scrap metal. An average of 8 2 monthly acts of pilotage “ensure Warehouse (near Exchequer Quay) to 10 trading ships (coasters and sea / the continuity of the present manning were built in 2004 to host shops and river going ships up to 85m LOA) berth levels of 6 full time pilots” (Falmouth apartments in high energy efficient buildings.

1.1.e) A Fading Commercial Activity Giving Place to New Port-Related Activities

A Precarious Commercial Traffic, Shifting Towards Falmouth Docks

Commercial traffic is fading as vessels grow bigger with modern shipping standards. The old Port closed to commercial traffic in the sixties and the siltation of the channel, quays and turning areas is endangering more and

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 4 Pilot Partnership, 2015) and maintain the “reservoir of experience” (Ibid.) in terms of navigation in the port and have a positive economic effect on the wider community.

Penryn, which is shallower and dries at low tide for most of the harbour, does not suffer as much from this issue as commercial traffic ceased long ago and the working boats it hosts have a low draft.

Despite these issues the Ports remain very valuable Leisure infrastructures which continue to see important activity from other marine- ● 1383 moorings related sectors such as tourism, leisure ● 1140 in Truro boating, small boatyards, fishing, tug ● 243 in Penryn services, workboats, chandlery, etc. ● 2 private marinas Thus, the current facilities are still and will be useful in the future as the Ports remain thriving places. However Fishing facilities need to be adapted to match new useage. Commercial shipping is ● Up to 35 licensed fishing boats based at Mylor also a very volatile sector submitted during the winter to the evolutions of global markets ● Buoyed mussel farms and Lighterage Quay could potentially ● Engine-free oyster dredging fishery become again a more competitive infrastructure for sustainable short- sea transportation in the future. Commercial traffic

A Number of Small Ferry Links ● 10 ships of scrap metal p. a. and Leisure-Related Businesses ● 6 ships laid-up p. a. ● Max size at Lighterage Quay: 85m LOA and 4.4m Ferry connections also link different draft (NAABSA) locations within the Port of Truro and ● Max size for laid up ships: 190m other parts of the Estuary:

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 5 ●● Truro and Malpas to Falmouth and Trelissick (6 per day to Truro / Malpas at low water)

●● King Harry Ferry (chain-ferry connection across the River Fal).

●● Park and float link between Penryn (Ponsharden) and Falmouth during summer season.

●● A seasonal link is operated by small ferries between Truro city centre and Falmouth, but the silting up of the old quays reduce the timeframe for berthing and is within Falmouth and Penryn harbours. a landing quay (Admiralty Quay) to likely to make it impossible on 1383 moorings are located in the Port fishermen. It hosts up to 35 licensed the short term. area of which about 500 of them are fishing vessels in the winter as it is a managed directly by the Harbour sheltered place from westerly winds. As stated before, Penryn still hosts Authority. A number of traditional sailing and a small number of workboats and rowing oyster dredgers also operate numerous boatyards which are well Fishing in Carrick Roads between Mylor situated a small distance from the and Turnaware point in an oyster bigger Port of Falmouth. Various small A small level of fishing activity takes shellfishery where it is prohibited to boatyards and other marine related place in and from the Fal Estuary but fish with the use of engines. Several businesses are also located on the fishermen have less and less space mussel farms are situated within the banks of the Truro and River Fal along to berth and store their equipment. River Fal, mostly around the King the Port area. Fishermen are based in Penryn, Harry Ferry area. Falmouth, St. Mawes and Flushing, Falmouth Marina and Mylor Yacht but the majority are in Mylor Harbour. Harbour are the two main marinas The shallow harbour of Mylor offers

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 6 SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 7 1.2) Regulations, 1.2.a) Cornwall Maritime likely to affect the projects assessed Strategic and Strategy and Other Cornwall within the SuPorts cluster project were screened to assess the related Planning Documents Council Documents guidance and regulation constraints.

The Port Authority, Cornwall Council This part describes the multiple Cornwall Council, which is the parent regulations, plans and strategic and other organisations have published organisation of the Port Authority, documents that are likely to affect the planning documents, strategies adopted in May 2012 a specific port policies and issues, and thus, may and specific regulations about port also affect the projects that are to be operations, maritime transportation maritime strategy as a guideline for its assessed during the SuPorts cluster and the use of land and water within marine-related policies. This strategy project. the Fal Estuary. The documents more is a framework for the maritime section

List of Documents for the Port of Truro and Penryn

Port Authority Documents # Format Last Review

Truro and Penryn Harbour Orders P0 Text 1903

Port Masterplan P2 Text + Maps 2007

Maritime Functions P3 Text 2007

Environmental Management System P4 Text 2014

Port Passage Plan P5 Maps ?

Sustainable Strategy P6 Text 2014

Dredging Protocol P7 Text + Maps 2011

Cornwall Council’s Municipal Ports Business Plan P8 Text 2013

Truro Harbour Admiralty Chart (Truro River) P9 Map 2014

Penryn Harbour Admiralty Chart (Penryn River) P10 Map 2014

Land registry map of the seabed owned by the Port in the Truro and P12 Map 2014 Fal Rivers

Cornwall Council Documents

Cornwall Maritime Strategy C1 Text 2012

Connecting Cornwall 2030 Regional Transport Strategy C2 Text 2011

Cornwall Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Level 1 C3 Text 2009

Green Infrastructure Strategy C4 Text 2012

Local Planning Submission Policies Map (Cornwall) C5 Map 2014

Carrick Local Plan (with related key) C6 Map 2005

Truro and Threemilestones Area Action Plan City Wide Proposals Map C7 Map 2009

Truro and Threemilestones Area Action Plan C8 Text 2009

Submission Policies Map for Truro (with related key) C9 Map 2014

Falmouth and Penryn Framework for 2030 C10 Map 2011

Waste Local Plan C11 Text 2003

Waste Local Plan Map C12 Map 2003

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 8 of the Cornwall Council policies and culture is renowned worldwide, and bodies reach a good ecological affects the projects assessed within is a source of pride and inspiration to status within a determined deadline, the SuPorts cluster project. residents and visitors”. in accordance with this directive. The WFD regulation and the related The Cornwall Maritime Strategy also Other county level reports and plans ecological assessments undertaken by encompasses a sustainable approach identify the Port of Truro as a key the EA might affect the Port projects to marine-related activities. Objective facility in Cornwall: if these projects were likely to have A states that the strategy “embeds the a permanent or temporary effect on principles of sustainable development ●● Connecting Cornwall, water quality or general environment throughout the process of delivering published by Cornwall County in these waterbodies. Council in August 2004, this strategy, balancing environmental, highlights links to ports as a economic and social considerations in European Habitat and Birds key priority, and prioritises order to meet the needs of the present enhancing the Port of Truro. Directives without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own ●● The Cornwall Freight With a wealth of bird species and Strategy, which supports the needs”. sensitive habitats such as saltmarshes, local transport plan (LTP2), the area lies also under the Habitat identifies the Port of Truro as a The economic aspect of sustainable and Birds directives. Natural England key port for cargo operations. development is treated within Objective is responsible for the enforcement of E which states that Cornwall Council’s these regulations. strategy will “recognise, protect and 1.2.b) A Protected Area with further develop the ‘working harbour’ Extensive Environmental European Waste Framework role of Cornwall’s estuaries, ports and Regulations Directive harbours” (Cornwall Council, 2012). The upper Fal Estuary is a listed Any waste produced by works to Other objectives are driving the and protected area under several improve the Port infrastructure activities of the cluster project such as environmental regulations at national would also fall under this directive Objectives C and F, which focus on low and European level. These regulations and its nature, way of disposal or carbon technologies in the maritime will considerably affect the timeframe re-use will be determined by this sector “to promote low carbon of some of the projects as some of them regulation. The directive provides a maritime enterprise throughout will have their impacts on the local common European “framework for Cornwall as a key component environment to be properly assessed. the collection, transport, recovery of economic revitalisation and Projects such as dredging will be likely and disposal of waste, and includes a international excellence” and “to to take one to two years to proceed common definition of waste” (DEFRA, better connect Cornwall’s coastal to the required assessments and make 2014). It ensures that “the necessary communities and destinations and sure mitigation measures will meet the measures to ensure waste is recovered support sustainable, low carbon high level of environmental protection or disposed of without endangering transport”. of these regulations. human health or causing harm to the environment” (Ibid.) are taken for Objective D and G focus on community European Water Framework each type of waste depending on the link and involvement in the Cornish Directive (WFD) nature of pollutants contained. strategy. Objective D aims to “ensure Cornwall has healthy, safe and vibrant The River Fal and its affluent streams Special Area of Conservation coastal communities that have a such as Truro River and the Calennick (SAC) strong relationship with the sea and Stream are covered by the EWF coastal environment” and Objective G directive. The Environment Agency is The Fal Estuary has been designated aims “to ensure Cornwall’s natural and in charge of managing waterbodies as a European conservation area based historic maritime environment and in England and makes sure all water on the European Habitats Directive,

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 9 otherwise named “Special Areas of features (Natural England, 2012). to Newham will be affected by this Conservation” (SACs). SACs are areas These sites are also used to underpin landscape regulation and the extent identified as best representing the other national and international nature of the landscape alteration assessed range and variety within the European conservation designations. by the CC planning office and the Union of habitats and (non-bird) Cornwall AONB partnership against species listed on annexes 1 and 2 to The SSSIs designation may extend the Countryside and Right of Way the directive. SACs in terrestrial areas into intertidal areas out to the (CROW) Act 2000 and the related and territorial marine waters out to 12 jurisdictional limit of local authorities, AONB management plan. nautical miles are designated under generally mean low water in England. the Conservation Regulations 1994. SSSIs are notified under the Wildlife Area of Great Scientific Value SAC are part of the Natura 2000 and Countryside Act 1981 and the (AGSV) network. Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (in England and Wales). AGSVs are protected areas identified Sites of Special Scientific and protected by the Cornwall Council. Interest (SSSI) Area of Outstanding Natural 13 AGSVs were identified following Beauty (AONB) an ecological survey undertaken Parts of the Fal Estuary, starting from by Cornwall County Council in their Newham, are listed as Sites of Special The Cornwall Area of Outstanding preparatory work on the 1981 Scientific Interest (SSSI). SSSI are Natural Beauty includes most of the Structure Plan. The boundaries of an sites providing statutory protection for Fal Estuary and affects planning. AGSV are proposals of the local plan. the best examples of the UK’s flora, As such, some of the projects the fauna, or geological or physiographical Port would undertake further south The Port sustainable strategy states

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 10 that “although the specific areas habitats”. AGSVs are also designed to 1.2.c) Port Plans and identified by Natural England and “link discrete SSSIs sites over which Strategies Towards the Cornwall Wildlife Trust, and their wildlife, flora and fauna can exist, Sustainability predecessor organisations, represent spread and develop”. the key nature conservation sites The Port Authority and Cornwall Marine in Cornwall, there are other large AGSVs were incorporated into the 1981 Network identified the most relevant areas within the County that are still County Structure Plan and Cornwall documents affecting the Port strategy dominated by natural and semi-natural Countryside Local Plan (1985). and its sustainable development

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 11 policies and analysed them in order acknowledges the need to provide and sea access” and “engage with the to outline the main objectives of the port-related services to a wide range community” (Ibid.). Port and the relevant project ideas of users across the community. The Sustainable Strategy has been to be thereinafter assessed. These drafted in accordance with the latest documents describe how the Harbour The Ports serve a local and wider national guidance documents on port Authority of Truro and Penryn are community with a number of different policies such as the 2012 National effectively putting into practice the services currently ranging from cargo Policy statement (NPS) (Department objectives of the Cornwall Council handling, leisure, passenger tripping for Transport, 2012) and the 2006 Maritime Strategy and display the boats, fishing and deep water lay-up Municipal Port Review (Department Cornwall Council vision of the future berths. Truro and Penryn are operated for Transport; Department for of its ports. through their respective harbour Communities and Local Government, orders as stand-alone businesses Welsh Assembly Government, 2006). Port Masterplan with all profits being utilised for the management, maintenance and Environment Management Combined with the updated improvement of the respective ports System (EMS) Sustainable Strategy for the harbours, which means that they do not form this document is “a conceptual, part of the Council’s general fund. The Port of Truro is aiming for ISO 14 physical and financial vision for 0001 standards compliance in the short the future of the harbours” (Fisher The aim is to ensure financial term. In order to achieve these very Associates, 2007). sustainability for the benefit of the demanding management guidelines Ports and the stakeholders without it has set up an Environmental The Port Masterplan is now 8 years having to be supported by council Management System to guide all its old and would need to be updated. taxation. Thus, the business plan states environmental policies. The document Although it only dates back from 2007, that “the Harbours’ Board will ensure details the procedures to be followed the Port owner, Carrick District, has that the running and management of and regulations affecting the Port since merged with Cornwall Council, the Ports does not become a burden activity in terms of environmental considerable budget cuts have on the council taxpayer by ensuring consequences mitigation. taken place, the Port area has been their own financial sustainability.“ listed by several new environmental (Cornwall Council’s Harbours’ Board, The EMS states that “the ports shall designations and some projects and 2013). seek to maintain and continually trade sources have since appeared improve, wherever possible, high or disappeared. Strategies, policies Sustainable Strategy environmental quality through the and the Port environment have thus strict adherence to environmental evolved considerably. The cluster Published in 2014, the Sustainable legislation and internationally agreed projects are, for the Port Authority, Strategy is a framework guidance to convention, directives and resolutions an occasion to review this strategic outline the sustainable outcomes for intended to prevent pollution and planning document and its vision of the Ports of Truro and Penryn “pursues protect the environment” (Cornwall the future of the harbours. the objective of a successful and long Council, Maritime Section, 2014). term financially self-sustainable ports Port Business Plan business, contributing to prosperity, Maritime Functions and that this is balanced with its The business plan presents a vision environmental stewardship role for The document details the way the of how Cornwall Council’s Harbours’ the Estuary” (Maritime Section, 2007). maritime section is organised and Board is aiming to run municipal ports As part of a sustainable strategy, run. It specifies the existence of the in Cornwall. Regarding the Ports of it also includes social and inclusive Harbour Forum which is the users’ Truro and Penryn, the Harbours’ Board objectives to “develop secure land consultative committee.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 12 Dredging Protocol as improving road access and public Wales only) administration responsible realm issues and car parking and for licensing, regulating and planning The Port of Truro and Penryn adopted a public transport. marine activities and make them more dredging protocol as recommended by sustainable. It is the regulating and the EA and MMO to establish the usual 1.3) A Mixed Set of licensing administration for all capital maintenance dredging techniques and harbour works projects. assess the potential effects and risks Stakeholders of such activity. Environment Agency (EA) 1.3.a) Local and National The protocol contains information Public Bodies and Relevant National administration body (England to allow all conservation aspects Charities only) which have the responsibility relevant to the Natura 2000 sites to be over regulating major industry, considered. The prospect, as stated in Cornwall Council waste treatment, water quality and the document, is that “maintenance resources, fisheries, inland river, dredging proposals in line with The Council is the regional estuary and harbour navigations, established practice as described in government in Cornwall. It owns the conservation and ecology and flood the Baseline Document, will be found Port Authority and runs Cornwall’s prevention. unlikely to have a significant effect, public transportation network. usually without the need for further Natural England (NE) detailed information or consideration” Truro City Council (Maritime Section, 2011). National administration body (England The municipal council does not only) which is the government scientific Port Dredging Exemption own the Port of Truro but is an adviser on the natural environment. (Harbour Orders) important stakeholder as all projects Natural England also helps land regarding the improvement of the managers and farmers to protect The Port of Truro and Penryn is a Port neighbourhoods will need to be wildlife and landscapes, advise on the Competent Harbour Authority (CHA) allowed by the City Council. Newham, protection of the marine environment established with Harbour Orders Malpas and Recreation Grounds, are in inshore waters (0 to 12 nautical established by the Parliament and all neighbourhoods of the City of miles), public access improvement the relevant Byelaws. In the Harbour Truro. to the coastline, National Trails Orders (UK Parliament, 1903), it and managing 140 National Nature is stated that the Port Authority Newham BID and Totally Truro Reserves. It manages programmes benefits from a maintenance dredging that help restore or recreate wildlife exemption to widen and straighten Local Business Improvement Districts habitats, and provides evidence to the main channel. This particular (BID) are groups of companies which help make decisions affecting the regulation could have a strong impact team up to support neighbourhood natural environment. about the potential sustainability of improvement projects such as the navigation in the Port of Truro. roadworks, new signage and cycling 1.3.b) A Structured paths. The Newham BID is the local Consultative Body of Leisure Newham Business Improvement business organisation for the Newham Users District Strategy (Newham BID) neighbourhood, in which Lighterage Quay sits. Harbour Forum As a member of the Newham Business Improvement District, the Port also Marine Management The Forum is the main harbour supports their BID projects. Some of Organisation (MMO) users’ stakeholders’ group mainly them could directly be related with formed by leisure sailing clubs and the Port improvement projects such The MMO is a national (England and local fishermen. The Harbour Forum

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 13 is an advisory committee created 1.3.c) Mixed Port Businesses corporations in the UK and operator of to follow the Modernising Trust Port Between Important the train and bus services in Truro). (DETR, 2000) management advisory Industrial and Tertiary government publication. Companies in Truro2 Creative Edge

The following leisure sailing clubs are Brain Associates Ltd Local marketing company involved in part of the Forum: the Newham BID and supportive of a A company specialising in dredging bridge project across the Truro River. ●● The Association for the and waste water treatment services. Preservation of Local Waters It rents from the Port Authority one of Vickery Holman and Amenities the biggest warehouses on Lighterage Local real estate company which is Quay. ● Penryn River Users Association ● a member of the Newham BID and

●● Mylor Yacht Club Macsalvors Ltd involved in the cycle-to-work scheme.

●● Restronguet Sailing Club This industrial mobile crane hire Robotmother Ltd

● Truro and District Boat Owners company is one of the biggest ● Owner of the Jubilee Wharf in Penryn. Association industrial companies in Newham.

Denholm-Wilhelmsten ●● Ponsharden Boatowners Southwest Water Association Local city freshwater provider and Shipping agent which uses the Port of operator of a sewage treatment plant Truro to ship scrap metal. The Harbour Forum is the main link in the Port neighbourhood. between the Port Authority and the individual day-to-day users of the Port First Truronian Ltd facilities and as such can bring ideas and feedback regarding the cluster Subsidiary company of the First Group project ideas from their members. (one of the major transportation

Footnotes:

1. Special Site of Scientific Interest, Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Special Area of Conservation. These protection schemes are explained in part 1.5 (footnote pg.2)

2. The list is not exclusive but focus on most proactive businesses within the port. (footnote pg.14)

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 14 CHAPTER 2

Ambitious Objectives Towards Blue Growth and Sustainability

In this second part, the main Port new unitary authority in a County much importance. The Strategy objectives are outlined from the main where marine activities have so provides several objectives to deliver guidance and strategic documents of sustainable policies which are related the Port Authority. These objectives with the SuPorts project, as the are to be considered to understand The Cornwall Strategy “embeds the principles of the Port strategy and its economic, Marine Strategy sustainable development throughout administrative and ecological the process of delivering this Strategy, environment. balancing environmental, economic and social considerations in order to 2.1) Cornwall meet the needs of the present without Objectives for compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Sustainable (Cornwall Council, 2012). Development Several of these objectives are As we have seen in the first chapter, compatible with the SuPorts project the Cornwall Maritime Strategy was aims and the 2 Seas INTERREG V published in 2012 to provide a clear Programme objectives. Related with and sustainable strategy for the the “application of renewable energy

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 15 production and usage” cluster project industry to provide a wide range ‘working harbour’ role of Cornwall’s objective and Interreg VA 2Seas of jobs and skills in maritime estuaries, ports and harbours”. programme objective regarding the employment. adoption of low carbon technology, ●● E2 Future-proof maritime areas ●● C3 Ensure that Cornwall for maritime-related business Objective A is “to work towards a develops excellence in the and community uses through sustainable, low carbon future for provision of marine education protecting waterfront land maritime Cornwall that encourages and training across the full in urban environments and appropriate economic growth, range of maritime industries ensuring that port infrastructure supports resilient communities and and the environment (including and waterfront locations are higher education and vocational protects environmental assets” at the heart of regeneration training) building on existing (Cornwall Council, 2012). The schemes. capability and expertise objective has been divided in sub- integrated with business objectives, some of them directly ●● E3 Protect and develop port incubation. infrastructure where it is related with our projects: sustainable and economically ●● C8 Aim for excellence in a viable to do so, so that they ●● A2 Work with academic sustainable maritime economy; continue to be an important part institutions and data centres including ports and shipping, of modern and future maritime to encourage and support recreational and commercial Cornwall. research and development to fishing, ship repair, leisure, super yacht and boat construction, better understand and monitor ●● E4 Work towards more marine renewables, waste the impacts, opportunities and coordinated management of and processing and emerging challenges facing maritime advocacy for ports and harbours, knowledge-based industries. enterprise, communities and the to encourage further economic environment. development whilst balancing ●● C10 Develop enterprise linked the operational, leisure and ●● A3 Ensure that a sound to Cornwall’s natural assets environmental uses. evidence base, including socio- including tourism and research. economic impacts and valuation ●● E5 Where appropriate, promote ●● C11 Encourage the use of of ecosystem goods and port development that facilitates sound environmental practices services, is used to inform all the expansion of other economic by businesses, landowners and strategic decision making in the activities, including renewable other organisations operating maritime area. energy, leisure, fishing, freight in the maritime area and river handling, ship repair, yacht and ●● A4 Gain a better understanding catchments. Support innovation, boat construction. of the potential for in- development and application of technologies to reduce energy combination and cumulative ●● E6 Ensure that ports and needs and consumption. effects of plans and projects on the coast accommodate the marine natural and historic the promotion of leisure / ●● C12 Work to enhance the environments and the risks recreational activities and sustainable use of marine and opportunities presented by coastal access without adverse resources, including minerals, climate change.” effects on economic activity and sustainable fisheries, environmental quality. Also related with renewable energy shellfisheries and aquaculture and pursue opportunities that and energy usage, Objective C is ●● E7 Maximise the opportunities integrate environmental, social to “promote low carbon maritime for supporting and promoting and economic objectives. enterprise throughout Cornwall sustainable local fisheries and aquaculture; including the as a key component of economic Objective E is related with sustainable provision of shoreside facilities revitalisation and international port development and the Interreg V 2 for handling and processing excellence”. Seas programme objective regarding landings. a more sustainable use of natural ●● C1 Work towards securing ●● E8 Promote the role of a sound economic future for resources and material: “To recognise, Cornwall’s large and small ports Cornwall through working with protect and further develop the and harbours in creating job

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 16 and business opportunities for destinations and support sustainable, 2.2) The Port the development of the marine low carbon transport”. energy industry, its supply Authority Objectives chain, technology development, ●● F1 Where appropriate, further for Sustainable manufacture and maintenance. develop and promote low carbon Development water-based movement, for Objective G focuses on community freight, commuting, access to and heritage engagements, as the 2.2.a) Key Objectives for services and leisure. objective is “Cornwall’s natural and Sustainability historic maritime environment and ●● F2 Seek solutions to better culture being renowned worldwide, connect people with waterfront The objectives of the Port of Truro are and is a source of pride and inspiration land, beaches, the sea and drawn by both national regulations estuaries and their associated to residents and visitors”. and guidance and Cornwall Council’s activities (including walkways, own local strategies. As a Port owned cycle routes, affordable public ●● G9 Promote and support slipways and boating facilities by a local authority, the Port Authority maritime natural, historical and and the removal of physical follows the policies determined by cultural activities and events to barriers). Seek to ensure that celebrate Cornwall’s distinctive the Port Business Plan, the Port coastal communities are better environment and heritage. Sustainable Strategy, the EMS, the connected to each other, Further encourage maritime- Port Masterplan and other relevant particularly by walking, cycling based arts and cultural activities, documents3. and public transport routes. including festivals, events and venues. ●● F3 Improve connections Within its Sustainable Strategy between maritime and ●● G10 Gain a better (Maritime Section, 2007), the Port terrestrial transport (for example understanding of Cornwall’s Authority uses a framework including natural marine resources coordinating bus and ferry 6 general objectives that fit in the and their value to health and timetables) to ensure Cornwall’s context of: economic, environmental, wellbeing, tourism, recreation transport is truly integrated. and the economy and assess and social. The six general objectives ●● F4 Ensure efficient use of the status of landscape and to develop as a “sustainable port” are: waterfront infrastructure and seascapes in order to safeguard improve functional connectivity these assets. ● A successful port business between land and sea, for ● example through investigating ●● G11 Actively work with other ●● Contribution to prosperity regulators, landowners and the shared use of facilities, businesses to maintain and re-use of historic assets and ●● Environmental stewardship improve Cornwall’s water quality multi-functional role of ports and (inland and coastal); minimise harbours. ●● Safety for all port users wildlife disturbance: reduce ● F5 Deliver measures to enhance, ●● Secure land and sea access sources of litter and pollution ● (including noise and light from promote and support the South ●● Community engagement watercraft, shipping and coastal West Coast Path, adjacent land, development); and to control coastal public open spaces invasive species. and beaches, for example by The Sustainable Strategy general improving public transport objectives are then divided into sub- In relation with the second objective connections and preparing for objectives4. of the SuPort Cluster project and the sea level rise and increased risk of coastal erosion. third objective of the future 2 Seas The Port focuses in terms of more programme, Objective F focuses on ●● F6 Provide quality, accessible short-term objectives, as follows: improving accessibility to the water green infrastructure for and and preparing seaside facilities to between coastal communities, ●● To enable the Harbour to remain climate change: “To better connect taking into account the needs of navigable and minimize the Cornwall’s coastal communities and the disabled and elderly. effects of silting

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 17 ●● To improve the management of sustainability issues in the Port of for the ferry connections, for example dredging products to re-use the Truro. The upper harbour is now if a ferry boat was to run aground safe materials unreachable for commercial vessels, because of the insufficient dredging of ferry jetties’ areas. An average of ●● To improve the accessibility to including at high tide and its turning the Port and the neighbouring area is nearly too silted to allow 12 jobs are expected to be threatened areas, privileging sustainable ferries to connect the City Centre to in case of the Port shutting down to transport solutions and soft Falmouth. Lighterage Quay is being trading vessels and a further 4 if ferry modes of transport connections were to be discontinued. used by commercial vessels but dries ●● To protect the local estuarial at low tide. Malpas is being used by The challenge is also to adapt the environment under SSSI, SAC small leisure boats and also by a and AONB5 regulations Port to new shipping standards. The ferry service to Turnaware Point and growing size of commercial vessels Falmouth, but the place is silting ●● To ensure that the Port remains will mean deeper and wider channels an interface between land and slowly, making it difficult to carry on to continue to secure a safe access to water, easing the access to the the ferry service safely. berths. banks and the boats to all users, including disabled sailors and Due to the configuration of the passengers At a smaller extent, the safety and drowned valley of Truro River, the accessibility of leisure vessels is also ●● To find new ways of linking the high tide only lasts for two hours challenged by the silting up of the harbour to the local community, which reduces even more the window River. Areas of the River that were through social and cultural to navigate safely within the Harbour. safely navigable for shallow draft actions boats dry-up at low tide nowadays. ●● To address energy efficiency and In 2010, the monthly traffic at This is reducing more and more the wastewater recycling issues at Lighterage Quay went down from 2 to space safely useable for small vessels the Port Authority facilities 1 vessel due to the loss of a cement to navigate within the harbour. import trade. Following Falmouth ●● To comply with the ISO 14001 standards within all ports under pilots’ local expertise, with the present Disposal of Dredging Products the Cornwall Council Maritime channel “there is scope to expand section. the number of movements” but the The disposal of sludge and silt limiting factors are: materials extracted by the dredging operations is expensive and technically 2.2.b) Key Sustainability ●● The depth of water which challenging as this process is strongly Issues necessitates movements on regulated. In certain conditions, spring tides (twice a month) these waste materials can be re- CMN and the Port of Truro and Penryn and, used in the building industry or soil identified several main issues in both fertilizers, depending on the level ●● The small swinging circle which Ports. This process also included limits the size of ship to 85m of polluting substances in them. the Port stakeholders (individual LOA However, currently the majority of it harbour users, private companies as is disposed by shipping it by road to a well as public entities) during two Securing a safe turning area for remote treatment facility outside the stakeholders meetings and multiple commercial vessels in order to maintain County, making it a poorly sustainable interviews. this important traffic is becoming solution. an urgent issue. This is a critical Silting sustainability issue for the Port as any Floodings incident would shut down commercial The silting of the upper harbour, traffic for a month, probably leading Following a severe episode of massive extending to the lower harbour to most of the shipping companies floodings within the City Centre in (Lighterage Quay and Malpas ferry to shift to Falmouth deepwater 1992, a tide barrier was installed jetty) is one of the most important infrastructure. The same fear would be several years ago to protect the City

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 18 from flooding at high tide particularly more, by foot or public transportation. Hundreds of people commute daily when the Kenwyn and Allen rivers Moreover, moving from Newham from Truro to Newham on local road discharge. Lighterage Quay was also to Malpas is currently difficult and links that were designed for bigger fitted with concrete fences to protect time-consuming although the two lorries and crane trucks and aren’t the nearby warehouses. neighbourhoods are very close. To adapted for pedestrians and cycling. improve the accessibility of the Port However many companies which are The flooding gates, monitored by area, the Newham commercial area based in the neighbourhood aren’t the Environment Agency, had some and the Malpas leisure area, the Port industrial and many commuters that unforeseen secondary effects on the and the City Council are exploring could come on foot or cycling are river banks. At ebb-tide, the current forced to use their car to reach their the possibility of building a bridge at created by the water flushing out of workplace safely. Hence the modal the northern end of Lighterage Quay the upper harbour slowly dredges share of active transportation solutions across the Truro River. However, the the eastern bank in front of Malpas is significantly low. Magna Carta enforces a navigational recreation grounds. This bank is right without obstacles along the river. currently used as a footpath for This issue is also related with the Any bridge built across Truro River pedestrians to reach Malpas jetty. The silting of the River as one of the direct would have to allow the free passage bank would need to be reinforced in consequences is that ferry boats have of vessel along Lighterage Quay. The order to maintain the path. to berth further downstream in Malpas bridge deck would thus have to rise or (which can provide moorings and Port Areas’ Accessibility turn in order to allow vessels to get pontoons afloat at all time). However, in and out of the old harbour area, the narrow roads to reach Malpas Newham and Malpas are areas of which would involve a more complex make it a difficult place to reach from Truro which have low accessibility infrastructure than a simple standard the City Centre, particularly by soft from the City Centre, by car, or even pedestrian overpass. transportation modes.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 19 Additional issues are longer Council couldn’t afford to pay for their the regional and Port strategies and commuting time and an increased maintenance. These amenities are an the regulation constraints. A first cost of commuting when employees expensive facility for the Harbour as stakeholder meeting gathered the have no other options but to own they are not energy efficient and do usual Port stakeholders group to a car to commute to work. The not provide a huge range of services present the identified issues and some City experiences a fragmentation to local mariners. project ideas that were identified to to its structure with “enclosed tackle them. A second stakeholder neighbourhoods”, not reachable by These expensive energy bills drain a meeting was organised two weeks foot or cycling. The increase in car lot of budget which could be used for after with an attendance extended to commuting also creates obvious other important projects. The issue the main regulating bodies in the area is growing due to important budget negative environmental effects. and a local energy expert company, to constraints for Cornwall Council. discuss the project ideas, respond to Improving the insulation and energy Port’s Heritage and Community the first comments and identify some efficiency of the buildings could of the main technical challenges faced Truro is an ancient port, dating back also improve the work environment by the Port projects. from the Middle-Ages, and was once of the Port staff by improving the an important port in the western temperature in the premises. The main outcomes of the stakeholders Atlantic and channel shipping circuits. meetings were: Truro shipowners and merchants The environmental impact is a traded tin from Cornwall, coal from potential important waste of energy. Cycle-Hire Project Wales, textile and vegetables from The economic impact is a very likely overspending on energy budgets, Brittany. The Port is now too small ●● The stakeholder board was and lacks deep water quays for the detrimental to other port priorities. truly positive about the idea of new bigger vessels. Within the City, setting up a project based on most of the ancient port facilities have 2.3) Port SWOT soft transportation modes in the port. disappeared such as Lemon Quay Analysis and this important maritime history is ●● The stakeholders discussed the being forgotten by new generations. As a conclusion of the above chapter, different options outlined which The City and its community are this SWOT (strength, weaknesses, were: increasingly losing their link with the opportunities, and threats) matrix - Set-up secured cycle racks sea due to poor urban development summarizes the analysis of the Port instead of a full cycle-hire planning in the past. challenges. These were the main scheme. elements taken into account to - Extend the scheme to Energy Efficiency propose project ideas which will be the whole City if feasible presented in the next chapter. (working with the City The Harbour facilities are often old Council). (dating back from the 19th century or 2.4) Outcome of the 1950’s) and, for many of them, ●● The stakeholders mentioned that the Stakeholders’ weren’t designed for the use they the project should be presented to the local cycling community. have nowadays. The Harbour Office Meetings in Truro is badly insulated and cold ●● An Interreg 2 Seas European during winter as it was built as a freight Following this first stage of harbour project called “WHO Bikes” was warehouse during the 19th century. study, two stakeholders’ meetings6 identified by Sustrans7 as a The toilets on Exchequer Quay in were organised with the Port possible interesting project to implement a cycling scheme in Penryn were managed by Penryn stakeholders to identify the main Truro. Town Council, but were transferred to issues affecting the Port, taking into the Port Authority because the Town account the objectives outlined from

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 20 Light Bridge Project position near the flood barrier to project idea such as Truro City the south of Lighterage Quay to Council or the Newham Business ●● The poor accessibility of both avoid any issues. Improvement District banks of the Truro River was ● The Harbourmaster recalled that raised as a main issue in the ● Capital Dredging Projects and there is a right of navigation Port. Disposal Projects along the channel, so the light ●● The main issue mentioned was bridge should be mobile to allow ●● The representatives from the raised level of maintenance vessels to navigate at high tide. Natural England (NE) and the costs induced by such a facility. ●● Port of Truro and Cornwall Environment Agency didn’t ●● It was proposed to move the Marine Network are looking for consider the dredging and bridge location from the initial additional local partners on this dumping project as preposterous

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 21 if the environmental impacts ●● Some Penryn stakeholders were Projects that Emerged from the were to be properly assessed quite disappointed with the Meetings: and pollution risks mitigated. limited number of projects in Penryn. ●● The church beach slipway ●● The EA representative suggested restoration in Penryn to ensure that it would be worthwhile Wooden-Boat Heritage Boatyard a public and free access to the starting with test dredging. water is provided in the Port. ●● The use of dredging waste for ●● Very positive reactions to the ●● New facilities in Mylor for reinforcing river banks where project of the Rhoda-Mary fishermen. needed was considered by the charity. attendees. ●● Studying the possibility of using ●● A stakeholder raised the tidal energy generation to power question of the channel depth. ●● Fishermen were concerned the Port facilities. by the negative impact on the Would the channel be deep fishing activity and shellfish enough to launch and / or ●● Increase the capacity of the farms that could arise from such operate the boat from Truro port-owned car-parks to improve operations. when restored? the accessibility.

●● The stakeholders weren’t fully ●● Stakeholders expressed their ●● Re-setup a ferry link with aware of the issues induced concern about the future of the Tregothnan, in front of Malpas by the accretion and of the projected boatyard. ●● Extend the cycling trail to St. strong concerns from the Clements. Harbourmaster. ●● The stakeholders stated that they didn’t want the project to ●● Install air conditioning systems Energy Efficiency Improvement focus too much on the touristic into the Harbour facilities. Projects aspect. General Comments ●● Similar boatyards / museums ●● The Harbourmaster explained can be found in the UK or that growing energy costs and ●● The Ports’ needs had to be abroad. poor energy efficiency were assessed to find solutions that important issues, combined with are fit for purpose. The whole Penryn Slipway budget restrictions. Cluster project benefit was also in cooperating with other ports ● There would be a clear benefit ●● The overall return on investment ● to share expertise and obtain of fitting solar panels, new to the community by ensuring European matchfunding for lighting and insulation is usually safe and free access to the these projects. at an average of 5 years. water for all. ●● The SuPorts project will be ●● The stakeholders saw the ●● The EA and NE representatives linked with the Harbour Business benefits of improving the Port commented that the public Plan, EMS and Cornwall Maritime facilities and reducing its costs to access to the water was a Strategy, gathering the main spend money on other important very important issue for both objectives of the Cornwall budget headings. agencies. Council Maritime section.

Footnotes:

3. See pg. 13 and forward. (footnote pg.17)

4. See in annex 2 (footnote pg.17)

5. Site of Special Scientific Interest, Special Area of Conservation and Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (footnote pg.18)

6. For the full minutes of both stakeholders meetings, see annex 3 (footnote pg.20)

7. Charity promoting cycling and advisor of Cornwall Council on cycling projects (footnote pg.20)

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 22 CHAPTER 3

Proposals for Actions

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 23 3.1 Outlined Projects „„ The Harbour Office (a The extensive silting of the Harbour is transformed freight shed from one of the main and direct threats to the 19th century) 3.1.a) Energy Efficiency and the Port’s sustainability. Its corollary, Renewable Energy „„ The Truro workshop in the disposal of dredged spoils, is Lighterage Quay one of the main issues in terms of Energy-related projects have been environmental impact and complex „„ The toilets and mariners’ environmental regulation. outlined as priority projects within the amenity facilities on Exchequer assessment process. As many of the Quay SS In order to enable the Harbour buildings owned by the Port Authority „„ Two warehouses in Lighterage to remain navigable and enable are old, they lack appropriate Quay owned by the Port and ships to berth safely, possibly insulation levels and modern electric leased to Brain Associates several ships at a time, the equipment resulting in a high energy main channel along Lighterage waste. Quay and the turning areas 3.1.b) Sustainable Solutions would be dredged and a layer Several buildings were selected as for Clearing the Water and of silt (which the thickness suitable for such a project as they are Managing Sediments remains to be defined) removed. the ones mostly used by the Port’s Such an operation would also staff and works would be likely to The dredging of several parts of be interesting to improve the improve the staff working conditions. the Harbour and the disposal of channel depth to upgrade the Two of these buildings were identified the dredged materials were also Port capacity from 85m-long to carry out energy-related studies. identified as high priority projects. vessels to 95m vessels.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 24 This improvement could secure multiple ships at the same time SS Capital dredging license commercial traffic in the future thus increasing the commercial applications are extensive to maintain the presence of a viability of the Port. processes and the Port of Truro short-sea link to and from Truro sits in an area protected by for local industries. The creation SS The dredging of Malpas’s several European and national of a “passing place” adjacent secondary channel would enable regulations. In order to complete to Lighterage Quay would free the visiting yachts to berth to at this application process in co- up the berth for the use of the pontoons at all times. operation with the Environment

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 25 Agency, Natural England and Transfer Partnership (KTP) could be carried in a safe way for the the relevant charities, and make be established. local estuary environment.

sure the dredging operations will TT A trial disposal operation could comply with the environmental be undertaken to ensure the The recreation ground banks, regulations; a Knowledge main disposal operations will across Lighterage Quay, would

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 26 be reinforced by dumping silt and rocks to protect the footpath across the recreation grounds of Malpas.

TT The silt extracted from the dredging of Lighterage Quay, Malpas Channel or from the upper harbour could be re-used by creating a new bird island reserve at the south of the main channel.

If the turning area was enlarged to allow vessels up to 95 or 100m LOA to berth at Lighterage Quay, the Falmouth- based shipping agent Denholm-Wilhelmsen (which is currently the only one using the Port) would consider expanding its activities in Truro. An average of 1 merchant ship per month accesses Lighterage Quay to take up to 500 tonnes of scrap metal.

If the turning circle was to be increased the shipping agents “would be able number of vessels berthing at the trade as it would make Truro more to offer the berth at Truro on more Quays to more than one per month. attractive to possible new customers. workable tidal windows” (Denholm These users of Lighterage Quay would Wilhelmsen, 2015) and increase the expect a 20 percent increase to current For the pilot station Falmouth Pilot

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 27 Partnership, (FPP, providing pilotage services for Falmouth and Truro) widening the swinging area “would allow a greater variety of ships, at perhaps more attractive charter rates, to use the Port” (Falmouth Pilot Partnership, 2015). They also state that carefully focussed maintenance dredging would perhaps expand the tidal windows available, as it is very limited nowadays. A greater throughput of ships will also have “a positive effect on reducing silting”. Harbour Authority priorities and another partner organisation to be 3.2) Other Projects the stakeholders’ meetings. These delivered. projects were out of the scope of Other projects than the two outlined the Port Authority’s competencies 3.2.a) Soft Transportation projects were raised from the and would need to be transferred to and Better Accessibility

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 28 zz A sustainable transport station with a street-advertisement - A simpler and cheaper option would be developed at Malpas, company to fund the set-up with a cycle-hire system including a new “wet” pontoon of multiple electronic cycle without any electronics but with a new ramp giving access racks. The Harbour Office or old-fashioned lockers to to the water from the main road another office should be in secure the bikes to a bike for disabled people, and a cycle- charge of selling cycling time shelter. hire rack, linked with the existing or subscriptions. ferry jetty and bus station. zz The cycle-hire system could be extended to Newham and Truro city centre and development of a car-park into the old Malpas Quarry. Two solutions were outlined:

- A “Boris- bike”-like cycle-hire system, which would be very expensive and would need a complex contract

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 29 - A third option would be commuters that would “roll in” 3.2.b) Penryn Slipway similar to the second one. or turn to allow vessel traffic The price of the bikes would with minimal disruption. ¡¡ This slipway is owned by the be reduced by subsidizing Port of Penryn and used by only the bicycles that would The bridge has been recognised be bought directly by the a wide range of users from as a potential strong asset for the users. This could be achieved boat owners to local kayaking neighbourhood by the stakeholders. by a strong commitment and students from the Penryn support from the community, Such infrastructure could be used by campus. The facility has sailing clubs and cycling both work commuters (on foot and charities to the project. cycling) and leisure / tourists. fallen into a state of disrepair despite the maintenance works

¡¡ The access across the Truro If coupled with the cycling project it undertaken by the Port Authority River and between the Port’s could avoid the need for improvement and is now unsafe. Since this is neighbourhoods could be works on the Newham main road one of the few public ways for improved for pedestrians by creating an alternative path to access to the water, it would by building a light bridge Newham for soft transportation need to benefit from important for pedestrians and cycling modes. repair works to guarantee a safe

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 30 public access to the water for the Port at the southern end of ●● Short term and long term cost everyone in the Fal Estuary. Lighterage Quay. and benefits

●● Environmental effects The project will create a small touristic 3.2.c) Heritage Boatyard facility to generate some income and ●● Positive impacts on local a new learning facility for traditional economy „„ Rhoda Mary, a Penryn based maritime skills with 10 apprenticeships. ●● Positive impacts on community charity, started a project this The project will also improve the link of year to bring back to Newham the Port and its maritime heritage with The project ideas and their various the wreck of an ancient local the community as the boat is expected versions outlined during the SuPorts wooden-boat, the “Rhoda to sail from Truro as a training ship for project were rated within a scoring Mary”, which was once operated young people and provide education matrix to refine the ideas and select by a Truronian merchant materials regarding marine activities the most interesting and feasible company. The project’s aim is and Truro’s maritime history. concepts. The outlined projects to restore it using traditional assessed in the following sections wooden-boat building skills and 3.3) Projects are the more feasible for the Port foster professional and social Feasibility Authority and more appropriate to inclusion by training apprentices a port context, as chosen by the with these techniques. The Assessment Port Authority with the advice from project will also be part of a stakeholders’ meetings. redevelopment framework of the Projects Scoring Matrix Newham neighbourhood around Recommendations were made from touristic and cultural activities The Ports of Truro and Penryn and the scoring matrix analysis: linked with the City’s heritage, Cornwall Marine Network set up a involving the City council and scoring tool to assess all project ideas ●● Projects with lower maintenance costs are more appropriate to Newham Business Improvement on diverse criteria such as: the context as the Port has District. The location of the funds to invest but lacks budget ●● Feasibility restoration boatyard will be a for heavy running costs and disused piece of land owned by ●● Time length overheads.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 31 ●● Small scale investment projects projects delivery and ensure ●● The Port should seek support are more appropriate as Truro is financial sustainability. from the local community a small urban area. for some projects, notably ●● Many projects are out of the those involving transportation ●● Various port-related issues have scope of the competencies of solutions, as the community is been identified and harbour-led the Port Authority or may be expected to use them. projects should focus first on too small to be successful if not addressing these issues. carried out in co-operation with ● Many projects presented above other partners, thus the Port ● ●● Projects looking to reduce Authority should seek support are likely to be delivered in expenses and generate income from Cornwall Council, Truro the long term and should be should be priorities to generate City Council, Newham BID and carefully assessed and prepared financial leeway to enable other Totally Truro to deliver them. due to their complexity.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 32 SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 33 CHAPTER 4

Implementation and Delivery

4.1) Energy Efficient ●● To assess the possibility of good case studies for the improvement renewable energy production on Port Buildings and of the energy efficiency in harbour these facilities areas. Renewable Energy The project mainly consisted of various Production This work would have to be carried energy-related assessments to assess out for 2 buildings owned by the Port the feasibility of energy improvements 4.1.a) Improving the of Truro (part of Cornwall Council): Consumption and on the Port facilities and explore potential issues regarding: safety, law Production of Energy in ●● The main harbour office8, Town and environmental regulations. The the Port Quay, Truro, Cornwall TR1 2HJ. immediate result of the project is to 2-storey mixed use building enable the Port Authority to improve The main aim of this project is to with offices on the top floor and its energy supply and consumption storage below. The newer part transform local port areas into a and install renewable energy devices of the office building is 7m x 7m low carbon, innovatively maintained 49m2, over two floors 98m2. on its premises. environment for working, leisure and The old warehouse part of the living. The project idea has two aims: office is 21m x 7m 147m2, over In the framework of this project, CMN two floors is 294m2. Office total ●● Improving the energy efficiency and the Port of Truro have identified 392m2. This building has no of port buildings two buildings that they consider to be air-conditioning and an electric

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 34 night storage heating system.

●● An industrial warehouse9 on Newham Road, Truro. Single- storey building which equates to a workshop total of 169m2. This building has no air-conditioning and an electric night storage heating system.

In order to develop and explore the milestones of a planning framework to transform local port areas, CMN and the Port of Truro subcontracted the drafting of the c) Environmental impact feasibility of including renewable energy assessments to Community screening and scoping: This energy devices on their facilities, and Energy Plus, a leading charity in would be a planning scoping overall, to improve their energy use exercise to see if planning energy efficiency improvement and and carbon footprint. permission or other consents renewable energy in Cornwall, on the are needed for certain following items: technologies and if so what Actions were identified as potentially environmental impact studies directly applicable to improve the ●● Buildings Energy Audits: will be needed. A formal EIA Port’s energy management: Current energy use, energy shouldn’t be needed for this costs, heating type, building scale. ●● Reducing some building voltage characteristics, energy controls, by removing phases (from 3 insulation levels, times when the d) EPCs: 2 commercial EPCs building is in use, type of use. giving a rating for the phases to 1 phase) as some buildings’ current energy energy supply may be too high ●● Potential renewable energy efficiency performance. in comparison with the Port production assessments: e) Carbon foot printing: The energy demand. buildings’ current footprint a) Site and building and expected carbon ●● Insulation improvement to assessment: Renewable reductions if different reduce energy demand for energy resource assessment technologies are installed heating and improve staff - e.g. solar resource, wellbeing. shading, wind speeds, f) Advice on financing micro hydro resource, biomass scale renewables: An ●● Heating systems improvement availability. options report on ways that renewable energy to reduce heating costs and b) Renewable energy feasibility technologies can be financed improve energy use for heating. assessment: Technical / funded New and more efficient heaters feasibility for different types of renewable energy are to be installed into the technology, size of system, The idea behind these studies is, for harbour office. IR heaters will suitable products the Port of Truro, to evaluate the be installed in the warehouse to

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 35 supply fit-for-purpose heating by CEP on behalf of Cornwall Marine and identify useage patterns of the for workers and avoid wasting Network and the Port of Truro. For a Office. This would produce evidence energy by heating the whole more detailed report, please see the to help make considered decisions building. full CEP report in annexes. with energy useage to identify high energy demand periods and energy ●● The existing lighting system is Building Energy Audit - Harbour wastage. The meters installed to be gradually replaced by LED Office within the Harbour Office building lighting to reduce energy waste are remotely read and their data is and reduce maintenance costs Electricity Consumption for the captured by a data handling service. with long-lasting diodes. Harbour Office A request has been submitted to the data handling company and Cornwall ●● Renewable energy production devices are to be installed on the Electricity is the only source of Council however this information was buildings’ roofs after completion energy to the harbour offices and not available at the time of the report. of the required assessments. is used to provide heating, lighting, One of the existing metering points is a There is an existing potential for computer function and power for two three phase connection, this metering solar or wind energy production electric showers used by the harbour point could support the combined load on some of the massive and moorings. Delivery of electricity for of the other metering points and be unused roofs of the port these services, among others, is split re-programmed to an economy seven warehouses. across four electricity meters within profile where appropriate. Reducing the number of metering points from the Harbour Office building. Within the SuPorts project, Colchester four to one will reduce standing Borough Council is conducting a charges paid by TPA by £1,141 a year similar project at assessing the energy Energy use of the specific meters is based on the standing charge shown performance level of several buildings set out in table 2 of CEP report, a clear in table 4 of the CEP report. located in the port area. The results of increase in demand is seen over the both projects will be used to address winter periods, as is to be expected Insulation Measures for the energy performance issues in Truro given the use of electrical heating. Harbour Office and Colchester. At this time Cornwall Council remains Current insulation levels for the Similar studies were undertaken by responsible for the cost of the harbour office are generally minimal the Interreg project Fostering Long electricity useage of the building. to non-existent. There has been some term Initiatives in Ports (FLIP). Their Useage is read centrally and assigned consideration to insulation levels in project report titled “Smart and Blue out to the appropriate budget for the more recent renovation work in Office Energy Recommendations for Small TPA, the rates recharged shown in the 1, which can be continued for the rest and Medium Ports” (Atkins, 2014) CEP report table 3 are at a competitive of the office. showed interesting results from commercial rate and as such the TPA energy performance assessments to are not being disadvantaged by this improve energy management in small The stone of the original building is arrangement. and medium sized ports. The report friable schist granite, which is prone to also gave some recommendations movement and does not readily resist Historic data has allowed for some of good energy saving practices. For the movement of water. Over time, general trends to be identified within example, LED lighting as “preferred modern repair techniques have been electric consumption. Meters 1 and 4 replacement for any lamp that as failed adopted to make running repairs to as a matter of routine maintenance”. only show heat demand for the building the building. Although well intended, of the storage heaters and meters 2 the interactions of the relatively soft 4.1.b) Feasibility Studies and 3 show the remaining demand for historical lime based mortar and the building and its operations. Moving stone with modern concrete repairs This part is an extract of the main forward it would be prudent to install has resulted in the building needing building energy audit report conducted energy monitoring equipment to log notable ongoing maintenance.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 36 Potential for water ingress and penetration into the rubble core will remain high until work is undertaken to re-point the building using a breathable natural lime mortar. Ideally this work would be undertaken prior to any recommended insulation measures. A suitable interstitial condensation risk analysis should be undertaken prior to insulation works commencing.

There is a requirement to notify building control of any works undertaken when is installed to all the walls with 50mm old part of the building and has improving more than 25% of a single Polyurethane (PUR) based rigid several external doors requiring draft wall’s thermal properties. Building insulation board. The window of the excluding measures to reduce free air control will also need to know how office space is to be replaced to meet flow movement. the works will be undertaken and how current building regulations. insulation levels will be improved to Office 1: Office 1 has a vaulted meet the current building regulations Penrose Storage: The storage ceiling that has been renovated with and the appropriate U-values. All facility is kept in an unheated state approximately 50mm of PUR type recommendations in this report will and insulation levels will produce little insulation. The room is characterised meet the relevant current U-values for to no benefit to the running cost or by the open beams and the current the application in question, however environmental impact of the building. levels of insulation improve thermal this should be reviewed prior to the properties without compromising commencement of works. Ground Floor Lobby: Basic this. Internal wall insulation is draft excluding measures should recommended using a 100mm of PUR Due to the construction of the old be undertaken to reduce the free insulation board. Windows are to be building, where replacement windows movement of external air into the replaced. are recommended, quotes from building. installers would need to be obtained Landing: The landing area could to accurately assess the level of Store 1: Store 1 is located within be insulated and drafts dramatically work required. A room by room the newer section of the building, reduced from the lobby on the ground assessment has been conducted, is used for a variety of storage and floor by installing an insulated stud which has made appropriate insulation should require no heat. The external wall. The external wall could be recommendations to improve the double doors require draft exclusion internally insulated. thermal properties of the building: measures to reduce the amount of air movement. First Floor Store Room and Office Ground Floor Office: It is 2: The First Floor Store Room and recommended that internal insulation Store 2: Store 2 is located in the Office 2 are small rooms with one

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 37 A budget figure of £150 per day per person has been assumed for labour however the Truro Port Authority employees may be able to undertake this work reducing costs. Trades work such as plastering, electrical and plumbing will likely need to be outsourced at additional cost. Consideration also needs to be given to the possibility of a competitive tendering process, dependent on the costs of works and on where funds can be sourced from. The lease agreement should also external wall, which has previously door fitted. A window and secondary be reviewed to identify any stipulations glazing could be replaced and the been dry lined. These walls could appropriate to these types of works. be insulated using a combination external wall internally insulated. of 50mm PUR insulation board to Heating System for the Harbour produce a 100mm insulated wall in Open Plan Office: This room is part Office a similar method to the Ground Floor of the new building and has a cavity Office. The windows in Office 2 could block construction. If the cavity is not The total figure to the end of the 2015 be replaced with modern units. insulated or only partially insulated heating season is: the cavity could be filled. Windows

Kitchen and WCs: The kitchen and could be replaced. ●● A combined average heating two water closets are at present not demand of 23,220kWh suitable for insulation due to the Whole Office: The whole loft space ●● Current heating cost of £1,308 a hardware being fitted to the external has a thin 100mm covering of loft year for economy seven storage walls. It would be prudent to internally insulation or no insulation at all. heaters insulate these walls when the rooms It would dramatically benefit from are re-fitted. the installation of loft insulation to Insulation works will reduce the 300mm thick. Draft sealing could be heating demand of the building Hallway: The hallway on the first undertaken for the whole office space however it is not possible to calculate floor could have an insulated wall and and this would dramatically reduce the the exact reduction and resultant door fitted to the top of the stairs to heat loss from the building. level of savings without undertaking a reduce drafts from the ground floor whole building Standard Assessment store. The remaining external wall The cost of the described works has Procedure (SAP), which is outside of could also be internally insulated. been outlined in table 510 and shows the scope of this report. a general budget estimate of £6,615. Office 3: The stud wall adjacent to The budget figures make no allowance The effectiveness of the heating the stairs could be insulated and a new for miscellaneous material / tool costs. system and level of insulation means

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 38 that the internal temperature to carbon emissions associated with the Building Energy Audit - which the offices can be heated is heating system would be zero. Workshop limited. Internal temperatures do not currently increase in proportion with Proposed Heating System Electricity Consumption for the increased use of the heating system. Workshop The current heating system installed After considering the options available within the building is night storage for heating the Harbour Office an Electricity is the only source of energy heaters. These night storage heaters ‘air to air’, Air Source Heat Pump is to the Workshop and is used to require a large degree of user input as recommended for the 1st floor office provide heating and lighting, power the user needs to anticipate the next space. It is proposed to keep the for an electric shower and other plug day’s weather conditions and adjust ground floor office and reception in devices. Table 1113 shows these the input appropriately. area on direct electric with small costs. panel type heaters. An ‘air to air’, Storage heaters operate on a room by Air Source Heat Pump system will be Insulation and Heating System room basis, but the loft space could able to provide the required heat to for the Workshop be effectively utilised to deliver heat the whole building as well as having Current insulation levels for the around the building with minimal the added benefit of cooling during Workshop are minimal but in keeping impact to the rooms. Any new heating the summer, improving the working with a building of this nature and system proposed will comprise of conditions for employees. This would design. There has been some room by room thermostats and full be a considerable improvement over consideration to insulation levels time controls referred to as 24/7 the currently installed storage heater in the main workshop area with programmers. Possible fuel options option that operate all days of the boarding and a layer of glass fibre include electricity, oil, biomass and year consuming power unnecessarily. loft insulation. The building is of an heat pump, which are compared in A system of this design would save insulated cavity wall construction with terms of costs and benefits in the around 40% on running costs over the a solid floor. There are opportunities full report11. Mains gas is not readily current storage heater system whilst to insulate the building and reduce accessible. delivering heat when required and giving a 66% reduction in associated air movement through the building carbon emissions. Further to this it to improve employee comfort. Some Carbon Emissions Options would be a more controllable system adjustments of the internal access Outlined for the Harbour Office for users and offer a more comfortable between rooms can be reduced and environment for employees. heat loss minimised keeping lower Table 712 shows the carbon emissions temperature rooms together heat loss associated with the possible heating Hot Water would be minimised. solutions for the Harbour Office. Figures used to produce these Hot water demand for the Harbour A room by room assessment has been emission factors have been sourced Office is relatively minimal by conducted of the Maritime Workshop, from the DEFRA Carbon Factors comparison to the overall electricity which has made appropriate insulation database. Attention is drawn to the consumption. Use of the electric recommendations to improve the biomass boiler heating system as it showers are for moorings only and thermal properties of the building. offers the lowest carbon emissions. As hot water use in the Office limited to The building’s requirement for heat is the provision of heat for the Harbour hand cleaning. Currently the electric much lower than the harbour office. Office is relatively low the emissions showers are on demand devices and associated with transportation are hot water devices have a minimal Store 1: This room would benefit potentially much higher than shown. amount of water storage. The simple little from any additional insulation on If electricity was purchased from a addition of a programmable controller the walls and loft insulation. Currently certified 100% renewable tariff the would reduce energy use. there is no heating provision in the

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 39 heater. This panel heater is of a modern design with integrated digital thermostat and timer and does not require replacement. As the room is kept at a higher temperature, insulation would benefit the room more significantly and energy savings from better heat retention would also be notable. The two rooms would benefit from additional insulation on the ceilings and partition walls with 100mm of rigid foam insulation board is recommended. The partition walls leading to Store 1 and the Lobby would benefit from rigid insulation board being installed to a depth of 50mm.

Toilet Room: There is little benefit in installing additional insulation. A new double glazed window unit and the installation of an extractor fan is recommended.

Mess / Crib Room: The Crib Room is kept at a higher room and given its current use as entrance into the building through temperature to the main storage for tools there is no need for a single external door which would workshop to offer respite from the this to change. benefit from being replaced. The current cold conditions in the winter windows would also benefit from and to act as an area to relax in during Store 2: Store 2 is kept at a low being replaced with a new double breaks. As a result the room would temperature with the use of a small glazed unit. The addition of a doorway benefit from additional insulation storage heater. This heater would directly through to the workshop similar to that of the Dry Room. benefit from being replaced with a space and the stud partition wall Further to this the small electric oil modern electric panel heater with between the Office and Store 2 would heater would benefit from being a digital thermostat set to a low minimise heating of Store 2. replaced for a modern panel heater. temperature around 12°C. Due to the use of the room as a store room there Dry Room and Shower Room: The Workshop: The workshop area of is little need for heat. Dry Room and Shower Room are kept the building is an open plan area at a higher temperature maintained with a large metal roller shutter door Office: The office space is the main by the use of a single electric panel leading to the road side and a single

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 40 external door leading to the side of heat pump unit is proposed for the In addition to this demand there is the building. rapid heating of the workshop area a range of electric heating devices (due to the very intermittent use making use of the day units. The ceiling of the workshop has been of the building) to allow for a single constructed to make best use of the 10kW air source heat pump unit. Table 1415 shows budget figures for skylights whilst minimising heat loss to the modifications and additions for the loft area. The loft area above the Loft Area: The loft space of the the heating systems. The best options Workshop has around 50% of the workshop has around 100mm of fibre for the harbour workshop have been area covered to a depth of 100mm insulation and would benefit greatly quoted for a total of £4990 (supply with fibre-type loft insulation. The from the installation of additional and fit). recommendation is to install 300mm insulation. It is recommended to install of glass fibre loft insulation. the rigid foam type of insulation to a Hot Water depth of 100mm on the underside of Overall improvements can be made to the existing ceiling. An insulated and The primary demand for hot water is the building however it is imperative sealed loft door should be installed to from an instant electric shower. The that the use of the building be stop heat loss. simple addition of a programmable considered at all levels of works. controller would automate the The building has been designed The most difficult area to seal is switching on and off of the electric hot for light industrial application and the roller door due to its size and water heaters to reduce energy use. would require extensive works to construction. This type of door is an fundamentally reduce its overall heat expensive device to replace and a Renewable Generation demand and thus energy consumption. better lower cost option may be to A heat pump system will then offer a construct a large insulated folding Quality Systems low cost and effective heating system door internally across the roller. for the main workshop area whilst the The Microgeneration Certification individual rooms can be effectively The external walls of the room are Scheme: The ‘Microgeneration heated through additional insulation insulated with around 50mm of dense Certification Scheme’ (MCS) is an measures and the use of direct electric internationally recognised quality fibre insulation. Due to the intermittent heating and competent controllers. A assurance scheme. It is supported by use of the building additional insulation general budget for the works described the Department of Energy and Climate as part of the external walls will offer in the previous section are detailed in little financial benefit. Table 1314 with £150 expenses per day Change and is also an eligibility per person. requirement for the Government’s The floor of the Workshop is a solid financial incentives, which include construction, which would be very Heating System for the Maritime the Feed-in Tariff and the Renewable difficult to insulate and would require Workshop Heat Incentive. In relation to potential the removal of the floor and the projects for the TPA, Solar Photo installation of an insulated slab. This In summary, the insulation levels of Voltaic (Solar PV) installations would is not recommended as part of the the Workshop need to be improved need to be installed by an MCS installer works. before the recommended heating to be able to claim the Feed-in-Tariff. adaptations and additions are installed. The external door and window of the This will result in an effective heating Incentives workshop area should be replaced. system that will meet the needs of the employees, have a low running cost Feed-in-Tariff: The Feed-in-Tariff The insulation and draft proofing of with low environmental impact. (FIT) is a government incentive paid the workshop area must be carried for the generation of electricity from out before a heating system will be The storage heaters have an average a renewable source for the period of effective. A split ‘air to air’, air source demand figure of 5,500kWh a year. 20 years. Tariff rates are dependent

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 41 on technology and further banded RHI, is open to a range of commercial typically existing connections providing by the capacity of the technology. applications: power to a building. These types FIT rates are subject to degression of low voltage existing connections for new entrants, tariff rates should ●● In a standalone capacity can be used to distribute renewable be clarified before any cash flows generation to the connected building ●● Where two or more domestic are undertaken3. In addition to the buildings are heated via a on the buildings side of the electrical FIT, exported electricity receives an central plant and heat main import meter, reducing electrical use additional smaller payment and any from the grid. Existing low voltage ●● A combination of commercial electricity used on site offsets the connections in the UK are governed and domestic applications via a purchase of electricity. Electricity by a series of regulations, of particular central plant and heat main savings are typically two to three interest in this application are G83 times that of the export price and so The commercial RHI incentive is paid and G59 connection arrangements offsetting on site use gives greater per unit of heat on a two tier scale for imbedded generation. These savings over exporting electricity. for a period of 20 years. Tariff rates regulations allow for a minimum There is an additional requirement are subject to the specific technology statutory export allowance of 16 to accessing the FIT incentive which and degression will apply for new amps per phase at a nominal 230 applies to the TPA buildings. To receive applicants, tariff rates should be volts AC, 3.68kW, under G83 and up the FIT a building is required to have a clarified before any cash flows are to a maximum of 75 amps per phase minimum of a D banding on an Energy undertaken. Tier one payments are at a nominal 230 volts, 17.25kW at Performance Certificate (EPC). Where made at a higher rate for the first the network operators discretion. a building is unable to provide an EPC 1,341 running hours at the appliances Both wind turbines and solar photo at a band D or above a lower rate nominal plate rating, this is the voltaic systems are for the most part FIT payment is made for the 20 year heating season. Tier one payments grid connected and these restrictions period, this is typically less than 50% apply for the applications proposed of the standard FIT rate4. EPCs were offer a financial return on the system here. The local network operator, undertaken for the Harbour Office and as they are paid above the cost rate of Western Power Distribution, has been the Maritime Workshop as part of this paying for the fuel source to generate report and will be discussed in a later the heat. For example a 60kW contacted in regards to the potential section. appliance would be able to claim tier for each site and these discussions are one payments on 60kW x 1,341 hours detailed further in the relevant sub Renewable Heat Incentive: No = 80,460kWh a year. Any generation section of the report. suitable heat technologies have been over this amount is paid at the much identified that can claim the Renewable lower tier two rate that does not Renewable Resource Heat Incentive (RHI) for the Harbour cover the cost of the fuel. As such a Office or Workshop. However as boiler system needs to be sized to the A range of renewable resources information in this report may be heating demand for a given building to have been identified for the Harbour applied to other applications within avoid under or over generation of tier Office and Workshop and a process the Port Authorities a description of one payments. of technical feasibility has been the RHI is included. The RHI is an undertaken to identify suitability of incentive paid for generating heat from Electrical Connections different technologies. A practical renewable sources, like the Feed-in- consideration must remain through Tariff, it is set by Government. The RHI The applicable scale of renewable all levels of feasibility to identify the is split into two different mechanisms energy generation for this proposal is most suitable technology. These constructed to support the application described as distributed or imbedded considerations include and are not in hand. The domestic RHI is applicable generation, supplying energy, in this limited to: environmental, financial, to domestic applications only and case electrical, into the electrical insured liability, impact on future would not be applicable for the TPA. network at a low voltage connection works, planning and electrical The commercial RHI, or non-domestic point. These connection points are connection.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 42 Wind: An initial overview of the wind Utilising the whole of the roof space energy efficiency improvements to resource available to the Harbour would allow for a 10kw array of solar the existing fabric of the buildings, Office can be seen in figure16 11 . panel to be installed but the electrical or the addition of new energy or The wind resource is detrimentally connection is only able to accept 16 heat generating renewable energy affected by onsite turbulence, which amps of connection on the single technologies. With regards to significantly reduces output of a phase supply and so a system size of improvements such as the replacement machine. This relatively low generation 4kw could be accommodated. of windows and doors, planning figure considerably undermines the Warehouse - A short additional study permission would not normally be projects financial justification and for of the warehouses along Newham applicable. Where replacements are of this reason alone is discounted. Road for the potential of PV has also similar appearance to those already in been undertaken to identify other roof place and are not going to extend the Solar Thermal: Solar thermal is spaces under the Truro Port Authority’s building, planning permission is only typically used to provide renewable ownership. One warehouse has a large likely to be required if the building is energy to hot water via a suitable hot east and west facing roof space with listed or under an Article 4 Direction. water solar thermal tank. Demand for a total area of approximately 580m2 Building regulations will be applicable, hot water at both the Harbour Office and an additional warehouse with a applying to all replacement glazing, and the Workshop is minimal and the south facing roof space of 94m2. A covering aspects such as thermal existing and proposed space heating total capacity of approximately 100kw performance and other areas of solutions for the Harbour Office and could be accommodated across these safety including air supply, means of Workshop do not employ wet heating three roof spaces. There is limited escape and ventilation. The addition systems. Overall, useful application of grid connection to the onsite electrical of renewable technologies to buildings solar thermal energy is limited. supply to the minimum statutory will demand greater consideration 11.4kw over the three phase supply with regards to planning, where it is Solar Photo Voltaic: so an alternative connection has been likely that the external appearance of Harbour Office - The Harbour Office identified with the South West Water the building will be altered. For each has suitable roofs for a solar photo (SWW) Newham Road Treatment of the technologies proposed, there voltaic (PV) system on the south east works. SWW works with third parties are a set of permitted development and south west facing roof spaces of to supply Renewable generation to rights, where within certain conditions the Harbour Office. The engineered their sites through 20 years Power roof trusses will allow for a strong and restrictions, there is no legal Purchase Agreements (PPA). SWW simple installation along with a simple requirement for planning permission. has a constant onsite demand of short cable run back to the electrical 250kw allowing the accommodation of metering position. The south east Harbour Office the 100kw potential system. facing roof space would be able to accommodate approximately 3kW of Improvements to the existing building, Penryn Office - Penryn office is similar solar PV capacity and the south west including the replacement of external in construction to the Truro Harbour facing roof space would be able to doors and windows, may necessitate Office and would require similar accommodate approximately 1kW of planning permission considerations levels of work to obtain an energy roof space giving a combined capacity performance rating of D. In relation where any designations or restrictions of 4kW. The Energy Performance to solar PV, the roof spaces offer exist for the building or its locality. Certificate for the Harbour Office is good potential for a solar PV array The building is located within the currently a G with a rating of 222. This with a roof area of 35m2 which would designated Truro Conservation Area, constraint is discussed in the Energy accommodate a 4kW system. where in general any development Performance Certificate section later should be sympathetic to the special in the report. Scoping for Planning qualities of the area, particularly in Workshop - The Workshop has a terms of scale, design, materials suitable bonded asbestos roof for The measures described within the and space between buildings. The a solar photo voltaic (PV) system. report fall into two main categories; architecture of the waterfront should

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 43 continue to reflect the functional Penryn Harbour Office ●● A site / block plan (1:500 metric traditions of its working history. scale) Proposals for energy-saving measures Solar PV: The proposed measure for ●● Elevations and for sustainable forms of energy the Penryn Harbour Office is to install supply will be supported where they solar PV. The site necessitates similar ●● A design and access statement planning considerations to the Truro do not adversely affect the character ●● A supporting statement and appearance of the Conservation Harbour Office, with the buildings ●● A historic environment Area. For instance, the use of uPVC sited within the Penryn Conservation statement, where applicable windows or solar panels on roofs all Area and the quayside designated as may be harmful to the appearance under listed building regulations. Building regulations in regards to solar of buildings and should therefore be PV will give attention to the following, considered carefully. The Harbour Truro Port Authority Warehouse however through the Microgeneration Office building is not itself listed, Certification Scheme accreditation however the Quay walls and railings Solar PV: Solar PV has been proposed process these factors will have already are listed as a Grade II feature and for the Truro Port Authority Warehouse. been considered: represent the curtilage of the Harbour The building is sited in proximity to, ●● Structural loading and stressing Office buildings, where the boundary but not within any designated areas and as such permitted development fronts the water. ●● Wind uplift which may affect rights can apply. wind pressure acting on roofs Solar PV: In order to achieve ●● Resistance to moisture, ensuring Maritime Workshop indicated capacity, the addition of any penetrations through the solar PV in the case of the Harbour roof remain water tight Falling outside of landscape and Office will not fall within Permitted historical designations, there is no ●● Electrical safety Development Rights and will therefore specific restrictions on the building require planning permission. Panels Building regulations in regards to air with regards to planning permissions. mounted on the roof must not be source heat pumps will give attention within one metre of the external edge to: The solar PV should be sited, so far as of the roof. In consideration of the is reasonably practicable, to minimise ●● Structural loading and stressing Conservation Area designation, the the effect on the external appearance equipment should not be installed on ●● Noise of the building and the amenity of the a roof slope which fronts a highway. area. As a commercial application, the ●● Resistance to moisture, ensuring The use of black panels will also installation of an air source heat pump any penetrations through roof reduce the visual impact. remain water tight would require planning permission.

Air Source Heat Pump: The ●● Electrical safety Planning Applications installation of an air source heat pump The fee for submitting a planning will require planning permission. Where the install does not qualify application would be £335, Planning considerations will include under permitted development rights, characterised for fee purposes as an factors such as; the sound power the following is a guide to the ‘erection, alteration or replacement of level (dB), the directivity of the heat information that should be provided plant or machinery’. Full details to fees pump noise, the distance to any within a planning application. Planning and charges for planning applications assessment positions where there are requirements for solar PV and ASHPs: can be found in the following Cornwall any residential properties in proximity Council document: www.cornwall. and any reductions to noise due to ●● A location plan (1:1250 metric gov.uk/media/6150603/Fees-and- distance or barriers (such as walls). scale) Charges.pdf

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 44 Planning and Risks Heating Summary of permitted development and will also apply to the Penryn Harbour The main risks are in not achieving The two buildings studied in this report Office. Both the harbour offices are planning consent. Truro Harbour are constrained by the lack of the low not listed in the own right however Offices and Penryn Harbour Offices cost and relatively low environmental listed features are present within the fall within Conservation Areas and impact of a mains gas heating system. boundaries of the buildings. Further are bounded to some extent by Quay This limitation is a characteristic of to this Truro Harbour Office sits within walls that are designated as listed Cornwall’s intermittent infrastructure a designated conservation area, as buildings. Neither the Truro Port and typically older building stock. such the proposals must be in keeping Authority Warehouse or Maritime The proposed systems will offer within the area and consideration Workshop are within a designated lower running costs and better towards this must be taken during the area, however they are in close to working conditions for employees. design and specification of external proximity to Conservation Areas, Sites The systems will not be effective if measures. of Special Scientific Interest and an installed without improvements to the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. thermal properties of the buildings. Renewable Technologies and Noise impacts and the visual impact Financial Benefit of the external unit in the landscape Energy Performance Certificate or historical setting of the building are Summary Options for the Harbour Office and the main related aspects. The planning the Maritime Workshop are limited risk associated with the installation of The primary function of improving the due to the locality and the small space solar PV panels will again increase two buildings EPC ratings to a level D available. There is good potential within the Conservation Areas in which or above is to gain access to the Feed- with the Warehouse Building and the the Truro and Penryn Harbour Offices in-Tariff standard rates. The scenarios possible connection through South are located. Appropriate restrictions highlight the various ways in which West Water’s works offering a route in height and the selection of black this can be done and offer quantitative to overcome the limitations of grid panels will help to make solar panels numbers to measure the improvement connections. Further to this South as unobtrusive as possible. of insulation and heating system West Water are likely to operate the measures. The Harbour Office will site for a foreseeable future and a Conclusion require a greater level of work to gain long term Power Purchase Agreement the required rating than the Maritime could be put in place to offer greater Insulation Summary Workshop and this must be considered confidence in the project. An additional EPC will need to be undertaken to Insulation measures detailed in this before investing in improving the EPC identify the warehouses current rating. report will reduce the environmental unto a level to achieve this. To identify full costs for systems and impact of energy use and improve working conditions for employees. Planning Summary design considerations installers should When specifying insulation for retro be contacted and detailed quotes fit applications there is a degree of The Maritime Workshop will only and designs undertaken. Borrowing uncertainty due to the variability of require planning for the air source rates above 7% are likely to cause a the underlying building construction. heat pump with both the Workshop negative cash flow on the small 4kW Measures have to be adapted to and the Warehouse not requiring systems however this will depend on meet this challenge and this can planning for the solar PV as these the cost of setting up the borrowing. affect costs. Insulation measures are can be installed under permitted The Maritime Workshop offers a fundamental in reducing heat usage of development. The external works good return if TPA can self-fund the a building and ideally be carried out identified for the Truro Harbour Office investment as the works required to prior to any sizing and installation of a will require planning, this includes the achieve a D band EPC are less than heating system. solar PV as a system will be outside the Harbour Office.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 45 4.1.c) Proposed Timeline

2015 2016

2nd 1st Action March April May June semester semester

Definition of pilot project

Call for tenders for energy assessments and EPC

Energy efficiency and renewable energy assessments for harbour office and warehouse

Solar energy production assessement for Penryn Harbour Office, Brain Associates office and Brain Assoc. warehouse

PV panels installation. Insulation, phases and heating improvements.

4.1.d) Budget 4.1.f) Funding Schemes consumption covered by renewable energy

The building energy efficiency audit Funding solutions were investigated ●● Yearly income generated for the was drafted by CEP for £ 5200. For to provide a solution for the Port to Port by energy efficiency and the full financial details about the improve its sustainability undertaking renewable energy harbour building consumption and the some or all of the works advised ●● New carbon footprint compared proposed works to improve energy previously. Several funding schemes will previous one efficiency, see the full report in the have been identified as suitable for annexes. the Port Authority, which is a municipal port, part of Cornwall Council. 4.1.e) Partner Research Other types of Ports’ Authorities and organisations may be eligible to other Insofar, the Port Authority could funding streams than those listed undertake all works by itself or by underneath. subcontracting some tasks as the complexity of the solutions identified 4.1.g) Performance are low and operations only relates Indicators to port-owned buildings. However, support from Cornwall Council could be KPIs that could be considered: obtained via a loan to help fund some of the works. Partners such as CEP ●● Amount of energy saved through better energy efficiency (which is a not-for-profit company) measures or the South West Renewable Energy Partnership could also be useful ●● Time for R.O.I to obtain the best expert advice in ●● New EPC ratings after works relation with building and energy regulations. ●● % of the Port’s energy

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 46 Funding Solutions for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Works

Scheme Name: Heritage Enterprise Fund www.hlf.org.uk/looking-funding/our-grant-programmes/heritage-enterprise Origin: Heritage Lottery Fund Rate or Range: £100,000 to £5m Objectives: Refurbishment of historic buildings Type of operation eligible for funding: Refurbishment and insulation works in Truro Harbour Office

Scheme Name: Competition for Funding of Energy Efficiency Training (Non Domestic) www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65667/7195-comp-fund-energy- efficiency-training-pack.pdf Origin: Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Rate or Range: £100,000 Objectives: DECC’s general objectives plus enhance energy efficiency skills among individuals with responsibility for energy usage in non-domestic premises Type of operation eligible for funding: Training employees

Scheme Name: Interreg V France Channel England Programme www.norfolk.gov.uk/Business/Business_support_and_funding/Funding/European_funding/Interreg/Interreg_V Origin: European Union ERDF Rate or Range: ~69% Objectives: Axis 2: Support the transition to a low carbon economy in the FCE area. Specific objective is to increase the development and uptake of existing or new low-carbon technologies and services Type of operation eligible for funding: Studies, trials, analyses, reports and management tools…

Scheme Name: Interreg V 2 Seas Programme www.interreg4a-2mers.eu/2014-2020 Origin: European Union ERDF Rate or Range: 60% Objectives: Axis 2: Low carbon technologies (Sub objective 2.1 Increase the adoption of low-carbon technologies and applications in sectors that have the potential for a high reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.) Axis 4: “Resource efficient economy” (Sub Objective 4.2 Increase the adoption of new circular economy solutions in the 2 Seas area.) (Sub Objective 4.1 Increase the adoption of new solutions for a more efficient use of natural resources and materials) Type of operation eligible for funding: Studies, trials, analyses, reports and management tools...

Scheme Name: Interreg V Atlantic Area Programme http://atlanticarea.ccdr-n.pt/atlantic-area-2020/priorities Origin: European Union ERDF Rate or Range: 75% Objectives: Axis 2: Fostering resource efficiency (Objective 2.1. – Fostering renewable energies and energy efficiency) (Objective 2.2. – Fostering green growth, eco-innovation and environmental efficiency) Type of operation eligible for funding: Studies, trials, analyses, reports and management tools...

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 47 Scheme Name: EU Structural Investment Programmes (ERDF) www.cornwallandislesofscillylep.com/eu-investment-strategy.html Origin: European Union ERDF Rate or Range: Depending on the project and priority of the investment. Objectives: (Addressing the issues of climate change and supporting energy sustainability.) (Addressing underlying infrastructure issues, including transport and digital.) Type of operation eligible for funding: Infrastructure works, capital dredging

Scheme Name: Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) or Forward Power Purchase Agreement (FPPA) www.reigroup.co.uk Origin: Renewable Energy Investments Ltd Rate or Range: Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) - REI funds the entire installation of a solar PV system and the owner of the building receives heavily discounted solar PV electricity. After 20 years, ownership of the system transfers to the landlord to enjoy the remaining lifetime of the system (c.15 years). Energy costs are also reduced during the first period, although not as much as with the full feed-in-tarriff. Forward Power Purchase Agreement (FPPA) - REI funds the entire installation of a solar PV system and the landlord invests a fixed sum to receive 100% free solar PV electricity for the lifetime of the system (c. 35 years). Objectives: REI is a solar-based energy business led by a private equity firm focusing on investing in solar energy production. Type of operation eligible for funding: Roof PV panels and installation for industrial businesses, public-sector organisations and third sector bodies.

Scheme Name: Power Purchase Agreement Origin: South West Water (SWW) Rate or Range: PPA but with local consumption. Rate unknown and to be negotiated with SWW. Objectives: SWW owns a large sewage water treatment plant next to some of the Port’s warehouses and would be keen to buy energy from solar panels installed on these roofs. This scheme would promote circular economy schemes in the Port neighbourhood. Type of operation eligible for funding: PV panels on the Lighterage Quay warehouses only.

Loans Schemes For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency Works

Scheme Name: Rural Community Energy Fund (RCEF) http://esender.cosmic.org.uk/t/r-l-agtlc-idkkmzg-m/ Origin: Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) Rate or Range: Stage 1 grant £20,000 / Stage 2 unsecured loan £130,000 Objectives: Supports rural communities in England to develop renewable energy projects which provide economic and social benefits to the community. Type of operation eligible for funding: Stage 1 provides a grant for an initial investigation into the feasibility of a renewable energy project. Stage 2 provides an unsecured loan to support planning applications and develop a robust business case to attract further investment.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 48 Scheme Name: Energy Efficiency Financing Scheme www.siemens.co.uk/energy-efficiency-financing Origin: The Carbon Trust / Siemens Financial Services Rate or Range: Unsecured loans from £1 000 without maximum limit Objectives: Help facilitate investment in new technology in an easy, affordable and flexible way to small and large businesses. Type of operation eligible for funding: All businesses and organisations including local authorities and other public sector organisations

Scheme Name: Barclays Enterprise Guarantee Scheme Tel: 0800 015 4242 Origin: Barclays Rate or Range: Term loans of £25,001 or more with choice of repayment term, profile and interest rate structure Objectives: Supports businesses in the install of renewable technologies. Type of operation eligible for funding: Small and medium-sized businesses, with a turnover of up to £41 million, with a viable business proposition but insufficient security or an inadequate track record to back their borrowing. Barclays provides facilities between £25,001 and £1.2 million, with a guarantee premium of 2% per annum on the outstanding balance every quarter payable by you to the Government.

Scheme Name: NatWest Renewable Energy Loans Tel: 07810 052650 Origin: NatWest Rate or Range: Tailored loans that can be secured against assets such as land or buildings with a typical repayment of 10 years. Objectives: Help businesses that want to diversify and run renewable energy projects. Type of operation eligible for funding: The maximum project size is 1500kW for wind power (per turbine) and 250kW per metered installation for solar PV.

Scheme Name: Portman Asset Renewable Energy Loans www.portmanassetfinance.co.uk/renewableenergy Origin: Portman Asset Objectives: Supports renewable energy assets. Type of operation eligible for funding: Biomass boilers, solar panels, ground-source heat pumps, and combined heat and power boilers. Portman Asset does not secure financial support against feed-in-tariffs or other projects.

Scheme Name: FSE Group Funds Email: [email protected] Origin: FSE Group Objectives: Supports projects that provide a social impact. There is also is the Community Generation Fund, which is designed to support communities in the further development of community owned, renewable energy infrastructure. The fund has been designed to help communities to develop renewable projects and have a positive social impact. Type of operation eligible for funding: Available for social enterprises, businesses, organizations and communities with an interest in installing any renewable energy projects.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 49 4.2) Restoring sand mud or other material shall be dredging proposed “is not lower than it has been at any time Channels and laid down or deposited in any place below high water mark without the during the past 10 years” Marshes and consent in writing” of the competent And Improving the Port authority, which is currently the Marine Capacity Management Organisation. ●● There is “evidence that dredging has previously been undertaken 4.2.a) A Complex Regulatory The dredging protocol published to that level (or lower) during Context by the Port of Truro (Maritime that period”. Section, 2011) already provides The relevant Harbour Orders (UK Marine Licensing some technical guidelines agreed Parliament, 1903) in the case of with the Environment Agency that the Port of Truro state that “The Dredging works are strictly regulated will be the starting point for trials deepening and improvement of in Europe nowadays and all ports and assessments. The protocol, in the harbour” (Maritime Section, may have to apply for a dredging its “Dredging” chapter states that a 2011) and “the improvement of the authorisation to the related regulatory difference may be made between body, making sure the project meets “maintenance and improvement navigable channel from Truro Quay all the legal requirements. Statutory of channels” which is referred to Sunny Corner Quay by widening Harbour Authorities generally have a as “maintenance dredging” and and straightening the channel and legal duty, mentioned in their Harbour “improvement and deepening” of the deepening the Harbour by dredging” Orders (which are granted by an Act channels which is a “Capital” dredging (Ibid.) are part of the maintenance of Parliament), to maintain charted operation but that “distinction dredging exemption allowing the depths and to undertake works. between the two kinds may be blurred Port Authority to undertake works in practice”. without a license. Therefore, dredging Regarding dredging operations within operations are already allowed the harbour area, some details are For the MMO, capital dredging would be without MMO’s prior licensing at provided; these state that the Harbour considered as “generally undertaken some extent in the neighbouring port Authority “may deepen dredge scour to create or deepen navigational area. However, this consent is only and excavate any portion of the channels, berths or trenches or to applicable for maintenance dredging foreshore and bed of the sea within remove material unsuitable for the and doesn’t provide a suitable solution the harbour to the extent necessary to foundation of a construction project. for the extensive silting issue which it secure good and sufficient waterway It involves the removal of consolidated is experiencing. and approaches to the quays and sediments” (Marine Management other works and conveniences”. (Ibid.) Organisation, 2014). The Port Authority will then need a marine license to undertake what will Regarding the disposal of the Maintenance dredging label only fall under the definition of a “capital” dredged spoils, the Harbour Orders applies if the main aim is “to keep dredging operation for the MMO. The provides also some guidance, and channels, berths and other areas process to apply for such a license is direct that “all rock, sand, mud and at their designed depths. It involves described further down in the “Marine materials dredged up under the removing recently accumulated Application” section. Bathymetry powers contained in this Order shall sediments such as mud, sand and surveys are regularly undertaken by be the property of the Corporation gravel”. the Port for the Hydrographic Office. who may from time to time sell or This information, compared with otherwise dispose of the same or MMO adds two more conditions to historical chart data will serve to remove or deposit the same within the detail what they consider to be a assess the extent of the silted areas of harbour”. However the Order provides maintenance dredge: the channel and turning areas suitable restrictions to the disposal of this to undertake dredging operations and material in the port waters as “no rock ●● The level of the seabed after the to which depth.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 50 Environmental Regulations (England) Regulations 2006 and a complex polluted environment. The The Contaminated Land (England) Truro project is likely to: Other regulations at national, (Amendment) Regulations 2012 European and international level are apply in case of the spoils being ●● Require an environmental impact assessment (the extent of which likely to affect the dredging project as contaminated by heavy metals. This will be evaluated by the EA) they regulate the quality and useage UK regulation provides a system for of water and works’ waste. the identification and remediation ●● Need an assessment under the of contaminated land causing Habitats Regulations (NE) As stated above, the marine license “unacceptable risks to (…) the wider ●● Affect the status of a water body will involve the assessment of the environment”, assessed regarding the under the Water Framework compliance of operations with the current use of the related piece of land Directive (EA) Water Framework Directive (Harrison Group Environmental Ltd, (WFD) and the Birds and Habitat October 2013, pp. 17 - 18). ●● Generate waste covered under Directives as stated before. The the Waste Framework Directive (EA) WFD provides the basis for EU water 4.2.b) Marine License legislation and aims at ensuring the Application The project will need strong and good quality of EU waters. It provides long-term co-operation will the MMO, a planning system based on the rivers As explained above, a marine licence Natural England, the Environment basins and ecological and chemical will be required to undertake such Agency and other organisations standards and objectives. The impacts an extensive dredging operation, related with the designated areas of contaminated sediments on called “capital dredging”. The Marine management (AONB partnership, aquatic environment quality is rated Management Organisation (MMO) is Wildlife Trust, RSPB, etc.). in connection with the Environmental the licensing authority for England and Quality Standards (EQS) system, to be for activities taking place from British The application process will include enforced by member states (by the vessels outside UK waters. sampling and sediment analysis and Environment Agency) on a pass / fail habitat assessment to evaluate if the basis. Proceeding with a complex dredging natural environment is likely to be

The EU Waste Framework operation such as capital dredging affected by the operations or not. Directive provides the legislative and disposal in salt marshes, will Mitigation measures such as using framework for the collection, require a lengthy and extensive innovative dredging and disposal transport, recovery and disposal assessment. techniques will be taken as necessary of waste, and includes a common to reduce the potential environmental definition of waste and a rating system The assessment of the license impact, in co-operation with the of the nature of the different types of application process was undertaken government bodies and the contracted waste. As the directive focuses on the with the beneficial cooperation of dredging company. safe recovery or disposal of waste the Environment Agency and Natural “without endangering human health England. The Knowledge Transfer Partnership or causing harm to the environment” scheme was identified as an it will apply to the spoils generated by The MMO will assess the dredging and interesting solution to undertake part the dredging operations. All disposal disposal project against the UK Marine of the assessment tasks. The scheme and re-use operations will then have to Policy statement. The organisation will would enable the Port to undertake comply with the Environment Agency make a decision on most applications at a lower-cost rate the required regulations and are likely to require a within 13 weeks of an application being assessments and analysis while co- related license. validated, but could take more time to operating with the local universities, issue the license, especially if, as in the accessing local knowledge and UK hazardous waste regulations case of Truro, the dredging process is providing an interesting case study to such as the Contaminated Land to involve innovative techniques and train future professionals.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 51 4.2.c) Environment Agency is specific guidance on this called bathing waters for example) and and Natural England Clearing the Waters (www.gov.uk/ modifications on the channel. All Consents government/publications/complying- waterbodies are required to meet with-the-water-framework-directive- “good” status in the future by a As previously stated, to undertake marine-dredging). specified date. the dredging and disposal operations, The WFD breaks down watercourses the Port will need to apply for an The current classification of Carrick and coastal waters into what are Environment Agency license and a Roads Inner and Calennick creek and referred to as “waterbodies”. Truro is Natural England agreement. Most of of each of their parameters can be within a waterbody referred to as the the application process is described found at http://environment.data.gov. Carrick Roads Inner. within the “Clearing the Waters” (CTW) uk/catchment-planning/WaterBody/ GB520804814400. guide published by the Environment The condition / status of each Agency. waterbody has been classified under the Water Framework Directive as The application process for the The Port Authority will need to complete high, good, moderate or poor. The Environment Agency consent, as an assessment of the potential impact Directive also takes into account a explained in the “Clearing the Waters” on the Water Framework Directive range of parameters like ecology, guidance, is broken down into several (WFD) Status of the Estuary. There protected sites (shellfisheries and sections as follows:

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 52 ●● Stage 1 - Screening an impact on each parameter” also be recorded (2015 and 2027)” (Environment Agency, May (Ibid.). This stage is to consider whether 2012, p. 10). The Port Authority, a given project requires further as the applicant, should, The list of potential issues for failure assessment to determine therefore, “review the triggers are: whether there is a possible and thresholds of the Trigger impact on the WFD status of Table to review their project the watercourse. For example against all the WFD parameters” ●● The water body is not at good maintenance dredging which is (Environment Agency, May 2012, quality (status or ecological undertaken frequently may not p. 12). For each WFD parameter potential) and dredging or require further assessment in this process either screens out disposal is noted in the River some circumstances. In this case a possible effect or determines Basin Management Plan as being the proposed dredging is capital that further assessment is a contributing factor; dredging and so assessment required thus narrowing the and / or will be required as it has the scope of detailed assessment. potential to affect water quality The Port Authority will list all the ●● The maintenance dredging / elements. parameters for which the trigger disposal or new dredging and threshold is breached and define disposal project has exceeded ●● Stage 2 - Scoping with the Environment Agency one or more of the trigger “the appropriate level of the thresholds in the Trigger Table The scoping stage applies to assessment required for each of all new dredging and disposal these parameters” (Ibid.). (Gac, Chiffoleau, Claudel, and activities. The aim of this Lozach, February 2011). The scoping exercise is “to consider scope of the assessment has, and record the current status For each parameter where dredging / therefore, been defined prior to of each WFD parameter and disposal has been identified as being a arriving at this point as covering determine whether the proposed potential cause of failure, “the current potential effects on some or all project could potentially have status and the future objectives will of the following:

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 53 SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 54 SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 55 ●● Ecological status parameters The first of them is the long-lasting ●● Stage 3 - Assessment (biological quality elements, mining industry in Cornwall for tin, After having determined which hydromorphological or arsenic, lead, copper, zinc and other physicochemical supporting WFD parameters require further metals. This industry dates back from assessment and may have a elements) the Bronze-era at least and although possible effect caused by the ●● Navigation related mitigation all mines have ceased activity since proposed dredging / disposal, measures required to meet good the early nineties, the flooded pits the Port Authority will proceed with the assessment. ecological potential that are not continue to emit pollutant material in yet in place the Truro River basin. The second one The aim of the assessment is “to is the naturally present heavy metals determine whether the activity ●● Chemical status in Cornish grounds and rivers. could have a non-temporary effect on the whole waterbody ●● Protected area characteristics (not just the local area of the The British Geological Survey (BGS) It is already known that some dredge / disposal)” (Environment data indicate that such pollutants are Agency, May 2012). Short term pollutants are already contained naturally present within the Cornish effects on protected sites (such within the local sediments and may ground and may be expected into as shellfisheries) will also be create an environmental issue during spoils. assessed and the assessment dredging and disposing operations. As process determined in co- operation with the Environment explained, the extent of the pollutant The third and last issue is the presence Agency. issue should be assessed to determine of TBT - contaminated sediments, the required mitigating measures later dating back from the 10th century As the main project is likely to require in the CTW process. The issue with period when tin-based antifouling a Capital Dredging Marine License, potential pollutants in the Truro River marine coatings were extensively the scope of assessment will be riverbed arises from three sources. used to coat boats’ hulls. determined and should include:

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 56 SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 57 ●● “Consideration of whether and the KTP partner analysis on ●● Stage 4 - Mitigating the activity will compromise environmental parameters. The Measures the achievement of measures analysis will have to provide data to set out in the River Basin With the aim to reduce the determine if it is likely that Calennick Management Programme of impact of the dredge and Creek status is likely to deteriorate, or measures; and / or disposal operation, measures to if “the dredging or disposal prevents mitigate or improve the impacts ● Cumulative effects” ● the water body from meeting its WFD the works will be identified and (Environment Agency, May objective” (Ibid.), which in this case their effect evaluated. 2012) would be a “moderate” status. In case there would be In addition, as the Calennick Stream is no alternatives which In co-operation with the Environment not at good status or potential, the Port are “technically feasible, Authority will consider “whether it is Agency, the Harbour Authority, KTP environmentally better and possible to contribute to the WFD ‘aim associate and hired consultants will not disproportionately costly” (Environment Agency, May to improve’ objective” (Environment determine the scope, the delivery 2012), the WFD deadlines for Agency, May 2012, p. 4). mechanism and the form of the the waterbody to reach good assessment. The baseline Water status could be extended. This The second step of Stage 3 is Framework Directive data to be used would be, as the EA dredging designed “to make a preliminary for the assessment (contained in the guide states, “provided there judgement on how likely it is that the “What’s in Your Backyard” website is no further deterioration proposed dredging or disposal activity and relevant River Basin Management in the status of the affected waterbody” (Environment could have a non-temporary effect Plan) will also need to be agreed with Agency, May 2012). Further on status” (Environment Agency, the EA to make sure the same WFD details on techniques to mitigate May 2012). For Calennick Creek, this waterbody classifications and the the environmental impacts of effect will be both assessed through trigger thresholds are common to both dredging operations are detailed a consultant-led chemical analysis parties. further in this report.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 58 Natural England Consent Distribution of SAC with Interest Feature

Natural England consent will also be needed to obtain a MMO Marine License, to certify all environmental (mainly regarding the habitat and birds directive) effects will be assessed. Information on protected and sensitive species can be found on the JNCC website (Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 2015) and on the Cornwall IFCA17 website regarding the fisheries. Most of the information regarding Natural England views is about the Fal Estuary and woods. The Malpas Estuary habitats management may be found on the JNCC website in the “Views About Management” documents (Natural England, 2005).

The area of the projected dredging and disposal projects is lying in the Fal and Helford SAC as described in the first chapters. The SAC border extends through the middle of Calennick Creek and comprise the following habitats, as described by the JNCC factsheets (Joint Nature Conservation Distribution of SACs/SCIs/cSACs with habitat 1140 Committee, 2015): Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide

●● “Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater 18 at low tide This area as being diverse and include coast. There is a particularly supports examples of sheltered beds of dwarf eelgrass Zostera diverse algal flora and a number intertidal mudflats and sandflats noltei and diverse invertebrate of warm-water species are representative of south-west communities. present. The area supports England, and is particularly extensive and rich sediment recognised for the importance ●● Large shallow inlets and communities, which include the of the species living in the bays - This site supports a largest and most south-westerly sediments, including amphipods, wide range of communities maerl Phymatolithon calcareum polychaete worms, the sea representative of marine inlets bed in the UK (Cornwall IFCA, cucumber Leptopentacta and shallow bays. The Fal 2014). elongata and bivalve molluscs. and Helford have only a low Most of the shores of the Fal and freshwater input and as a result ●● Intertidal mudflats and Helford are fringed by sandflats the area contains a range of fully sandflatsare submerged and mudflats. Owing to the marine habitats from extremely at high tide and exposed at sheltered nature of the site, the sheltered in the inlets to the low tide. They form a major sediments are stable as well wave-exposed, tide-swept open component of 1130 estuaries

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 59 and 1160 large shallow Environmental Permitting for The potential issues to water quality inlets and bays in the UK but Waste and the increased turbidity will be also occur extensively along assessed as required by the previous the open coast and in lagoonal The recovery and disposal of waste listed regulations, however, there inlets. The physical structure of would be an outstanding benefit in the intertidal flats ranges from requires a permit under EU legislation mobile, coarse-sand beaches or an exemption issued by a national consulting and co-operating with on wave-exposed coasts to administration. The Environmental the Cornwall Inshore Fisheries stable, fine-sediment mudflats Permitting (England and Wales) Conservation Authority (IFCA), the Fal in estuaries and other marine Regulations 2010 is the related Estuary fishermen (e.g the Fisheries inlets. This habitat type can national regulation to take into Local Action Group) and local shell be divided into three broad farm owners. Although the SAC categories (clean sands, muddy account. The following regulations sands and muds), although in will also have to be taken into account management guidance (UK Marine practice there is a continuous while undertaking the assessment for Special Conservation Areas, 2015) gradation between them. recycling the spoils. is very reassuring on the extent and Within this range the plant and potential harms of dredging activities, animal communities present mitigation measures that support the vary according to the type of At the international scale, the OSPAR local fishing practices would prevent sediment, its stability and the (1992) and London (1996) any damage or disruption to fishing salinity of the water. Conventions forbid to dispose most activities situated in the lower part of waste at sea. Spoils from dredging ●● Mudflats19 - These form in the River Fal. operations are however permitted the most sheltered areas of for this type of disposal solution. the coast, usually where large 4.2.d) Dredging Techniques quantities of silt derived from At the European scale, several rivers are deposited in estuaries. directives make these rules more Dredging is not an uncommon The sediment is stable and precise. The Waste Framework communities are typically operation in the Fal Estuary. Several Directive 2008/98/CE rules any dominated by polychaete worms maintenance dredging and disposal waste disposal above the mean high and bivalve molluscs and may operations were recorded by the Port support very high densities waterline (which is likely to be the Authority. of the mud-snail Hydrobia case for bank restoration and salt ulvae. The high biomass of marsh restoration if filled higher than invertebrates in such sediments The dredging issue in Truro is mainly waterline level). Any spoils containing often provides an important food because of an important build-up of harmful levels of pollutant materials source for waders and wildfowl, silt along Lighterage Quay and in its are likely to fall in the waste category such as common shelduck turning areas. The actual extent of the Tadorna tadorna, knot Calidris defined by the directive. silting and the rate of accretion will canuta and dunlin Calidris have to be properly assessed prior to alpina.” (Defra, 2014) Other Assessments Potentially dredging activities to determine which Required In order to secure this consent, a areas are to be focused on within KTP partner will be recruited by the this project and what would be the As stated in the previous chapters Port Authority in co-operation will the volume of sediments to be removed. of this report, a significant fishing University of Plymouth. The habitat The accreted material is sediment assessment will be undertaken by the activity takes place in the Fal Estuary. constituted of very fine particles of silt, partner working closely with Natural Carrick Roads hosts one of the last some of it knowingly contaminated by England to agree on the scope and engine-free oyster dredging fisheries TBT products and heavy metals. baseline data and techniques of the in the world, while the upper Fal has assessment, not only on Calennick a number of mussel farms. Mylor also The main issue during dredging Creek but on the the whole effect of hosts a number of small fishing boats operations will then be the necessity the projected operations. from crab potters to trawlers. to reduce to the absolute minimum the

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 60 amount of dispersed spoil material in ●● ABPmer study “Use of Beneficial mechanical / hydraulic dredging the river, and, if dispersion happened, Dredged Materials in the South techniques as they have the most the amount of material flowing down Inshore and South Offshore interesting balance between cost Marine Plan Areas”, undertaken the river. effectiveness and low environmental on behalf of the Environment impact. Agency in 2014 The SAC guidance on dredging www.dredging.org/media/ceda/ operations (UK Marine Special Combined mechanical / hydraulic org/documents/resources/ Conservation Areas, 2015) lists the seem to be, at first sight, the more othersonline/mmo_1073_ possible consequences of such a appropriate technique because: beneficial_use_final.pdf turbidity increase: ●● The Setarms Interreg IV A ●● They have a high productivity (France Channel England) rate of hundreds or thousands ●● Affect filter feeding organisms, such as shellfish and young fish project which took place from of cubic meters of spoils, increasing their mortality rate 2012 to 2013 particularly waterbeds mostly www.setarms.org made of silt20. ●● Affect adult fish by making them ●● Their high productivity rate avoid areas of high turbidity ●● The Prisma Interreg IV A (2 Seas) project which took place makes the dredging cost range from 2009 to 2014 from £3 to £10 per cubic ●● Affect submerged seaweeds and meter21. plants by temporarily reducing www.prisma-projects.eu productivity and growth rates by ●● They have a lower impact decreasing the depth that light is The preferred dredging technique on turbidity increase during able to penetrate the water will have to be assessed with both dredging operations, particularly the dredging contractor and the for silt dredging22. A number of projects are here used environmental monitoring organisation ●● As they have a lower impact as examples for technical options used to determine the most fit-for-purpose on turbidity, it is expected that in past similar operations and were technique for the present location. heavy metals dispersion will be used to assess interesting technical However, a preference has not yet significantly reduced. solutions to similar issues. been identified for the combined Other mitigating measures will have to be determined as applicable: cutter- suction dredge fitted with closed-nose Record Of The Last Dredging Operations basket, silt curtain, dredging timing In Truro Since 1996 window, effluent treatment, etc.

1996 200 tonnes - Riverbank reinforcement As stated in most studies and within 1997 1 770 tonnes - 770 tonnes sent to landfill and 1 000 tonnes the UK SAC guidance for dredging- in soil factory produced turbidity increase “in most 1998 No dredging undertaken cases, sediment re-suspension is only 1999 7 825 tonnes - Disposed at sea (Consent granted for 6 500 likely to present a potential problem tonnes) if it is moved out of the immediate 2000 5 850 tonnes - Disposed at sea (Consent granted for 8 450 dredging location by tidal processes tonnes) (Bray, Bates and Land 1997.”) (UK 2001 No dredging undertaken Marine Special Conservation Areas, 2002 No dredging undertaken 2015). Thereafter, if effective 2003 5 031 tonnes - Disposed at sea (Consent granted for 25 mitigation measures are applied to 350 tonnes over three years) the dredging works, “the effects of 2005 5 720 tonnes - Disposed at sea suspended sediments and turbidity are generally short term (<1 week

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 61 after activity) and near-field (<1km its harmfulness and its reuse. Thus, The saltmarshes in Calennick Creek from activity). There generally only the re-use of local riverbed soil as a suffered from an erosion phenomenon needs to be concern if sensitive suitable “building” material to restore due to the emergency water discharge species are located in the vicinity of local habitats instead of the production in the Calennick village. This facility the maintained channel.” (Ibid.). of harmful waste is likely to improve provides an emergency outlet for the sustainability of the dredging port the surface water network in case 4.2.e) Disposal of the practices. of heavy rains and flooding, thus Dredging Spoils and Salt creating exceptional but strong Marshes Restoration Saltmarsh replenishment or recharge is streams in the Creek. Saltmarshes in defined as a process “by which dredged the lower part of the Creek gradually Lower Calennick Creek Salt sediments are placed over or around eroded and from salt marshes turned Marshes as a Potential Disposal intertidal mudflats and saltmarshes into intertidal mudflats. Site to either create or restore them or to protect them from ongoing erosion” Currently the quality of the ecological The restoration of saltmarshes was (Nottage and Robertson, 2005; Cefas, status24 of Calennick Creek has identified as a potential solution 2009; Defra and Environment Agency, been rated as “moderate” by the of safe, cost effective and more 2007). Calennick Creek was identified Environment Agency due to its high environmentally friendly way of as the most interesting site to benefit concentrations of copper and zinc. This disposal rather than the current from salt marsh replenishment. This status is not expected to improve in the shipping by trucks and landfilling of little stream, forming an inlet in the next decades (see WFD objectives), dredged spoils. The Waste Framework Fal Estuary, is a subsidiary stream of the stream running through an Directive, which applies to the the Truro River. It is characterised by impressive number of former industrial disposal spoils, also requires member its low lying saltmarshes (Atlantic salt mining establishments. states to take appropriate measures meadows classified in the SAC area to encourage the prevention or regulation) and a vast area of eroded Similar Examples of Intertidal reduction of waste production and intertidal mudflats in its lower part23. Recharge

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 62 A study of the beneficial re-use of An example of construction of a This technique is indicated as spoil material, titled “Use of beneficial compartmented dyke from dredged “especially valuable for protecting dredged materials in the South Inshore spoils (Renterghem, Nederkassel, habitats that are perhaps sediment and South Offshore Marine Plan Vermeersch, Joos, and Quaeyhaegens, starved and where the introduction of Areas” was undertaken by ABPmer 2013, p. 4), in Vlassenbroek, Belgium, dredge arisings will allow the habitat on behalf of the MMO (ABP Marine showed the following results: to cope with, or respond to, sea level Environmental Research (ABPmer), rise” (ABP Marine Environmental 2014). This study shows that there ●● Dewatering with the geotubes Research (ABPmer), 2014), which is is a clear potential for intertidal and can continue for a very long the case at Calennick Creek, subject tidal saltmarshes recharge in British time, which can be an issue to Truro River floodings and Calennick estuaries. Currently, no study has regarding the stability of Stream discharge floods. the bank and the bird island been published for the south-western protected by the Truro Harbour marine plan area, but we believe As stated in the study, “structures” and will have to be carefully this can provide a good example (ABP Marine Environmental Research monitored. of successful past experiences (ABPmer) 2014) are normally installed with such projects and techniques. ●● The Vlassenbroek dyke berm around the main spoils storage site Such projects are apparently quite consists of various geotextile to “retain sediments once they are elements. It could be common in the UK and the ABPmer deposited” (Ibid.). Likewise, geotextile guaranteed that all elements study referenced “17 such schemes or geotextile structures are to be used would stick together, thus (that) have been undertaken” at the escape routes for water were in the Calennick Creek project to retain publication date. Within the ABPmer provided at the interface of two spoils and make sure the terrain will study (ABP Marine Environmental geotextile elements. not be eroded or flow with the tide or

Research (ABPmer), 2014), at least ●● Clay is necessary to cover any discharge stream. Clay is to be also one experience of intertidal marshes all spoils-built structures used to secure a safe “encapsulation” recharge was carried on successfully to guarantee the required of the spoils to avoid spreading of any impermeability and toxic material with MMO licensing and EA consent: in contaminated material. containment. Clayey material the South marine plan areas a project is best placed on the geotextile was undertaken at Lymington by the elements but generates a risk on Another similar experience occured Lymington Harbour Commission and internal shear slides at the clay- as part of the Interreg 2 Seas Wightlink Ltd. geotextile interface. Prisma project. Undertaken in 2010,

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 63 the Werkendam (Netherlands) Geotube Trial25 (the Broads Authority, November 2012, p. 11) showed that sediment could be “beneficially reused in geotubes placed as a revetment on the bank of a small lake (large pond)”. The dredged spoils were “pumped into the tubes” which were “covered with soil (clay) and vegetation mats (scrapes) were placed on top”. The success of the technique was confirmed by further observations in the following years. The study stated that “a biodiversity rich marginal zone was created26” and “the vegetation was now (after two years) fully established in sunny places” (Ibid.).

A third example of dredging and pebbles) was pumped ashore on to The Broads National Park (UK) have salt marshes replenishment was Cindery Island to fill the oyster pits and also identified the re-use of spoils undertaken in Brightlingsea by associated rills” (Ibid.). The Harbour as a beneficial practice. Their 2013 Brightlingsea Harbour Commissioners Authority obtained a consent from report titled “A Risk-Based Framework in 2010. Regarding spoils re-use to the Environment Agency and Natural for Sediment Quality Assessment restore saltmarshes, the Brightlingsea England to use this technique as a Strategies for the Norfolk and Suffolk harbour strategic summary (HR “beneficial use of dredged material” Broads.” Gathers part of the knowledge Wallingford, 9 May 2013) states that which was “expected to facilitate acquired during the PRISMA European “approximately 50,000 m3 of dredged colonisation by saltmarsh plants and project, which states that “provided material (silt, sand, gravel and thereby reduce erosion” (BHC, 2010). the sediment is of suitable quality,

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 64 one of the most environmentally (Harrison Group Environmental Ltd, indicates that existing “options include efficient means of managing dredged October 2013) Regarding the specific habitat creation and restoration, flood sediment is to apply it to nearby land option of reuse, among others, the protection works, combined schemes for agricultural or ecological benefit.” Sediment Management Strategy e.g. new riverbank creation, sediment

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 65 replacement or movement into practices to reduce their effect will be whether this co-operation is sediment-starved areas (the latter is a long term strategy to consider. more convenient for the project not currently a reuse option within ●● EA will charge for the the Broads)” (The Broads Authority, 4.2.f) Budget Environment License for waste. 2007). The cost of a waste carrier, Costs broker or dealer is £154. An Alternative to Dredging: ●● Call for tenders to contract with Reducing the Sources of ●● The MMO will charge a fee for a private laboratory for chemical the licensing process (www.gov. Sediment samples analysis uk/government/publications/ As listed in the “Evidence: Impacts marine-licensing-fees/marine- ●● Establish a KTP scheme with a local university to undertake of Dredging” guidance (England and licensing-fees) of £1,400 (if the

Burgess-Gamble, August 2013, pg. 1), investment budget is ranging biological analysis of the one of the long-term alternatives to from £20 000 and £49 000) or dredging effects £2 200 (if the investment budget dredging to prevent the further silting- is ranging from £50 000 to ●● Dredging operations (dredging up of the Port and Truro River would £199 999) contractor) be looking for the primary source of the sediment discharge. It is believed ●● The EA and NE will also charge ●● Internal staff costs that most of the sediment source is for the assessment work prior to giving their consent Dredging and Disposal constituted from agricultural run-offs to a Maritime License. NE Techniques Vary Hugely due to the ploughing of the fields could also be a contractor to Depending on: situated in the Truro River catchment. assess environmental impacts. Mitigating the effect of these run-offs Discussions will need to be ●● The volume of dredged spoils or finding a way to change agricultural undertaken to determine

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 66 ●● The nature of the sediments dredgers have a high capacity per 4.2.g) Proposed Timeline hour and cost approximately £7 per ●● The toxicity of the sediments m3. This is clearly seen to be much and potential mixed pollutants Due to the extensive and lengthy more efficient on projects with large application procedure for a capital ●● The dredging techniques quantities of silt”. However, regarding dredging marine license, the employed a tidal river, such as in Truro, it was Environment Agency and the author noted that “considerations require to ●● The disposal techniques of this report will advise the Port employed be made if this method is suitable for Authority to proceed in several steps. [these]”. ●● The potential processing of the To spread the effort and solve all spoils and the type of processing technical and administrative issues One of the available options of (dewatering, sediment the Port of Truro could proceed with expenditure for dredging would be separation, inerting, etc.) a trial dredging within the yet existing buying a small cutter / suction dredger dredging exemption limits. This trial ●● The need for transport to a barge. The cost has been estimated to disposal site be on adverage £220 000 (The Broads dredging could be favourably used Authority, November 2012, pg. 10). to investigate adequate dredging ●● The type of the disposal site The long term amortization of this and disposal techniques as well as ●● The potential re-use of the spoils capital investment would be achieved pollution mitigation measures, while by the possibility to keep dredging solving part of the silting issue too. It has been found, after a local market the Port on a longer term at a lower assessment, for standard Cornish cost and the possibility of dredging to After undertaking all the required spoils containing medium to high create a marina reusing some of the assessments during the trial and levels of heavy metals, that: disused quays. Also, some return on agreeing on the adequate techniques investment might be found by charging to be used with Natural England ●● Land disposal and treatment and the Environment Agency, the costs range from £55 / tonne for neighbouring ports and marinas for less than 20 tonnes of spoils, to dredging services. An alternative Port Authority could then apply for £18 / tonne for more than 500 dredging tool would be a light weight the second phase of the project tonnes. dredging bucket (backhoe) for more which would be the capital dredging efficient dredging of light granulated operations and the restoration of ●● Combined dredging and disposal (on banks or in salt marshes) sediments. Such a purchase is likely to Calennick Creek marshes to deal with range from less than £5 / m3 cost from £700 - £2 500. greater volumes of silt. with relocation only or placement on banks to £40+/m3 for dredging and disposal including the transport of the spoils and treatment.

The Prisma project “Expert Exchange Report” (The Broads Authority, November 2012) provides other comparative information as several techniques were compared for such operations. The Prisma project partners stated that “Current suction cutter

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 67 4.2.h) Partner Research ●● Environment Agency (EA) ●● University of Exeter

●● Natural England (NE) ●● Cornwall Inshore Fisheries and The following organisations should Conservation Authority (IFCA) be envisaged as potential partners or ●● Cornwall AONB Partnership co-operating organisations in order to ●● Royal Society for the Protection ●● Inshore Fisheries Conservation of Birds (RSPB) make sure the project will comply with Authority (IFCA) all the related regulations and meet ●● Centre for Environment Fisheries local stakeholders expectations: ●● Royal Society for the Protection and Aquaculture Science of Birds (RSPB) (CEFAS) ●● Marine Management ●● University of Plymouth Organisation (MMO)

2015 2016 2017 2018 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Action period period period period period period period Discussion with EA and NE to assess analysis and trial dredging local requirements

Recruitment of a KTP partner

KTP contract to undertake ecological assessment

Negociation with local stakeholders to establish methodology and timeframe of the trial dredging operations to mitigate effects on shellfisheries and farms

Call for tender for trial dredging sample analysis

Trial dredging and disposal on Boscawen Park bank Samples analysis and assessments of best practices Co-operation with NE and EA for capital dredging consent Submit capital dredging application for a marine license Negociation with local stakeholders to establish methods and timeframe of the capital dredging operations to mitigate effects on shellfisheries and farms Dredging of the channel and disposal operations in Calennick Creek

Funding Schemes For Dredging and Disposal Operations

Scheme Name: Truro Harbour Reserves Origin: Port of Truro Rate or Range: £500,000 Type of operation eligible for funding: Maintenance and capital investments

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 68 Scheme Name: Landscape Partnership Grant www.hlf.org.uk/looking-funding/our-grant-programmes/landscape-partnerships Origin: Heritage Lottery Fund Rate or Range: £100,000 Objectives: Protect traditional landscapes. Type of operation eligible for funding: An application can be submitted at any time and may be submitted for restoring Calennick Creek saltmarshes landscape for example.

Scheme Name: Flood and Coastal Defence Funding for Risk Management Authorities www.gov.uk/government/collections/flood-and-coastal-defence-funding-for-risk-management-authorities Origin: Environment Agency Objectives: Funding for repair or improvement works for flood defence infrastructures. Type of operation eligible for funding: The Environment Agency will not fund a dredging project in Truro as the protected area (Newham and Boscawen park) is scarcely inhabited.

Scheme Name: Coastal Communities Big Lottery Fund www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/ccf Origin: Big Lottery Objectives: Encourage the economic development of UK coastal communities by awarding funding to create sustainable economic growth and jobs. Type of operation eligible for funding: Now closed and there are no plans for future rounds.

Scheme Name: Interreg V France Channel England Programme www.norfolk.gov.uk/Business/Business_support_and_funding/Funding/European_funding/Interreg/Interreg_V Origin: European Union ERDF Rate or Range: ~69% Objectives: Axis 3 - “Enhancing the attractiveness of territories within the FCE area. Specific objectives are to improve the attractiveness of the FCE area by jointly developing and exploiting its cultural and natural heritage and improve the coordinated management of green and blue infrastructures and ecosystems services.” Type of operation eligible for funding: Studies, trials, analyses, reports and management tools…

Scheme Name: Knowledge Transfer Partnership www.gov.uk/innovation-get-details-about-innovate-uk-funding-competitions#knowledge-transfer-partnerships-ktp Origin: University of Plymouth, University of Exeter, Department for Business, Innovation and Skills Rate or Range: 67% of £60,877 Objectives: Part-funded by government, a KTP involves the formation of a partnership between a company, an academic institution and a recently qualified graduate (known as the KTP Associate). These schemes promotes graduate students insertion into the job market and co-operation between local academia and innovative SMEs. Type of operation eligible for funding: Such a scheme could enable the Port to recruit an environmental officer at a part (£20,089) of the normal cost to undertake part of the dredging environmental assessment. The Government subsidy is available to part fund the salary of the KTP associate (the graduate student), time and expertise from the academics supporting the project, university resources including access to facilities, overheads and travel costs. Only SMEs are eligible to KTP schemes so the Port’s eligibility27 should be assessed before.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 69 Scheme Name: Interreg V Atlantic Area Programme http://atlanticarea.ccdr-n.pt/atlantic-area-2020/priorities Origin: European Union ERDF Rate or Range: 75% Objectives: Priority axis 2 “Fostering resource efficiency” and sub objective 2.2. “Fostering green growth, eco- innovation and environmental efficiency”. Type of operation eligible for funding: Studies, trials, analyses, reports and management tools...

Scheme Name: ERDF Structural Fund www.cornwallandislesofscillylep.com/eu-investment-strategy.html Origin: European Union ERDF Rate or Range: Depending on the priority of the project. Objectives: Addressing underlying infrastructure issues, including transport and digital. Type of operation eligible for funding: Infrastructure works, capital dredging operations.

Scheme Name: Interreg V 2 Seas Programme www.interreg4a-2mers.eu/2014-2020 Origin: European Union ERDF Rate or Range: 60% Objectives: Axis 4. “resource efficient economy” and the sub objective 4.1 “Increase the adoption of new solutions for a more efficient use of natural resources and materials” of the programme. Several other similar projects have been delivered in this programme in the past and thus other project proposals should be monitored to spot an opportunity for the Port to sign in. Type of operation eligible for funding: Studies, trials, analyses, reports and management tools...

4.2.j) Performance length of cargo vessels coming ●● Chemical and environmental Indicators to Lighterage Quay data for island and saltmarsh ●● New traded products at ●● Number and type of new KPIs that Should be Considered: Lighterage Quay species colonizing the restored saltmarshes compared with ●● Average forecasted cost per m3 To monitor the effectiveness of the neighbouring habitat, split per extracted against actual figures annum employed techniques against the to monitor the cost-effectiveness accretion issue: of the techniques used 4.3) Potential ●● Volume of spoils extracted ●● Number of jobs safeguarded or Transferability to created ●● New depth reached for the Other CMN or Local channels To monitor the environmental impact: Stakeholders ●● Diameter of new turning areas ●● Effects on water quality and to monitor the effectiveness of 4.3.a) Transportation and environment in Calennick Stream the project to remove accretion- Bridge and Truro River related navigational hazards A potential partnership with Truro ●● Stability of built structures, To monitor the cost-effectiveness and extent of post-treatment City Council, Sustrans, Creative the economic impacts: dewatering and toxic waste Edge, Vickery Holman28 and the Port ●● Number, type, draught and containment performance Authority to implement the bike rack

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 70 and bridge projects. However, the and the Cycle Safety Scheme were ●● Sports England Small Grants30 Port in itself may not be the most identified as potential funding sources from £300 to £10,000 to fund suitable organisation or even the for a local cycle scheme in the Port projects which will help get more people playing more sport more legally competent one to take the lead of Truro neighbourhoods, but are often on the project as it lacks the required currently closed. Future rounds of competencies and the financial and application may be opened later and ●● Awards for All England Big 31 staff resources to deliver the projects. enable such a project to be delivered. Lottery fund which provides grants up to £10,000 for community projects aimed at An option was identified to deliver The European Union Structural improving health, revitalising the a project which would be both cost Investment Programme (part local environment and enabling effective and suitable for the local of the ERDF funds) provides people to become more active characteristics (small urban area, funding for the poorer regions of citizens steep roads necessitating light bikes): the EU such as Cornwall (www. ●● “Reaching communities” Big coupling the installation of a few cornwallandislesofscillylep.com/eu- Lottery fund32 which provides secured cycle-racks with the existing investment-strategy.html). Several grants ranging from £10,000 to cycle-to work scheme to subsidise hundred millions of pounds are £500,000 the purchase of bike for commuting allocated for 7 year periods and one of use. The project delivery could be the priorities of the new programme 4.3.c) Heritage Boatyard improved by advertising the project in will be “addressing underlying The project has been approved and is the public space, partnering with First infrastructure issues, including being entirely run by the charity itself Truronian (the local bus company) transport and digital”. Transport with some support from Cornwall and most importantly the companies infrastructures such as cycling lanes, Marine Network on training aspects. which generate large amounts of bike racks and the light bridge project Cornwall Council’s Harbours’ Board commuters to the Port area. Vickery could be eligible under this objective. has granted to the charity the lease of Holman cycling scheme example; 4.3.b) Penryn Slipway the piece of land.

As explained, existing schemes such The St. Gluvias Church beach slipway, The project idea by itself and the as the “bike to work” cycle scheme in Penryn, is considered an interesting apprenticeship scheme could be can complete the project scheme. project to work on the question of the usefully replicated in other Ports as Newham is also linked with the old accessibility to the water within the a local, community-driven, project Newham railroad national cycle route Fal Estuary. Although no resources to safeguard the local maritime to Newham farm and the County Hall. were available to undertake a project heritage. Also identified is a potential in the short term, the Port could co- collaboration between local Ports, The project will be transferred to the operate within a project as various similar charities, CMN and local City Council to let interested parties European institutions were identified institutions promoting maritime find a co-operation agreement with as interested to work within the heritage on heritage boat restoration this new leadership. framework of a European Territorial techniques and funding research. Cooperation project to improve Funding opportunities were identified community-wide public and free to enable future partners to take the 4.4 Transferability of access. Funding should also be sought project ideas further: the Outlined Projects from the following schemes:

The UK local sustainable transport 4.4.a) Energy Projects ●● Sport England “Inspired scheme (www.gov.uk/government/ Facilities” fund29 provides publications/local-sustainable- grants ranging from £20,000 The projects’ results would be transport-fund-application-process- to £150,000 to renovate sport potentially transferable to other and-bidding-guidance-2015-to-2016) facilities Cornish port members of Cornwall

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 71 Marine Network or municipal ports their staff working conditions. Local situations, sustainable solutions for managed by Cornwall Council to stakeholders such as the Rhoda Mary clearing port waters are critical to improve their energy management charity, Brain Associates Ltd and ensure the future of small-sized ports. and reduce their carbon footprint. Creative Edge expressed their interest Many ports with toxic sediments, Ports in Cornwall usually own to CMN to see some of this information as seen in Cornwall, will also be several buildings which are often transferred to possibly improve their interested. Planning and financial poorly insulated as they are ageing, energy consumption and produce information provided in this report sometimes very old buildings and this renewable energy in their premises. may be applicable to private and trust is often because they were designed ports which can benefit from more for an industrial use rather than as an 4.4.b) Dredging and diverse sources of funding as they office or workshop. Disposal Project may qualify as SMEs and be eligible to funds aimed at supporting small Information gathered through this Likewise, knowledge from the businesses. project (and Colchester pilot within the assessment of the Truro dredging SuPorts cluster project) will be passed project and future works could be Recruiting a KTP partner is expected to relevant stakeholders to give them transferable to other Cornish ports or to ease transfer of local marine biology information about how to improve other small ports. As European and dredging knowledge to set up similar national regulations get more complex their sustainability too, saving money, projects in other Cornish municipal and ports face difficult financial their environment and improving ports.

Footnotes:

8. See annex 16 (footnote pg.34) 23. See Fal and Helford SAC details on http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/ ProtectedSites/SACselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0013112 9. See annex 17 (footnote pg.35) (footnote pg.62)

10. See CEP report pp. 16-17 in annexes (footnote pg.38) 24. The ecological statuses of the different streams and rivers can be found on the Environment Agency website via the 11. See the CEP report p. 20 in annexes for the full comparative following links: Upper River Fal | Calennick Stream | River analysis (footnote pg.39) Kenwyn | River Allen (footnote pg.62)

12. See the CEP report p. 21 (footnote pg.39) 25. See annex 29 (footnote pg.64)

13. See full report p. 24 (footnote pg.39) 26. See annex 30 for a similar example (footnote pg.64)

14. See p.31 in the CEP report in annexes (footnote pg.41) 27. Ring fenced accounts are likely to make the Port Authority eligible, but this should be assessed prior to sign an 15. See also p. 31 in the CEP report in annexes (footnote pg.41) agreement with one of the local universities. (footnote pg.69) 16. See in full CEP report p. 35 (footnote pg.43) 28. See stakeholders description in chapter 1 (footnote pg.71) 17. www.cornwall-ifca.gov.uk/UK0013112 (footnote pg.59) 29. For more information see: www.sportengland.org/funding/ 18. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/habitat. our-different-funds/inspired-facilities (footnote pg.71) asp?FeatureIntCode=H1160 (footnote pg.59) 30. For more information see: www.lotterygoodcauses.org.uk/ 19. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/habitat. funding/small-grants (footnote pg.71) asp?FeatureIntCode=H1140 (footnote pg.60) 31. For more information see: www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/ 20. See (Bray and Cohen, December 2010) (footnote pg.61) global-content/programmes/england/awards-for-all-england (footnote pg.72) 21. (Ibid.) (footnote pg.61) 32. For more information see www.lotterygoodcauses.org.uk/ 22. See (Owen and K.Park, 2011, p. 8) (footnote pg.61) funding/reaching-communities (footnote pg.72)

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 72 CONCLUSION

The Ports of Truro and Penryn are a complex Port Authority which lies along the Fal for more than 10 miles. Despite a decline in trade in the previous decades, the Ports have still an important potential for fishing and leisure industry in a maritime region. Commercial navigation streams have shifted but small coastal trade is still a viable activity as well as workboats which will need to find the space which Falmouth lacks for them. The Ports also benefit from a range of stakeholders which are involved, through different organisations (Harbour Forum, sailing clubs, fishermen associations, Truro River Working Group, local BIDs) into promoting a sustainable thriving port. These stakeholders enabled a fruitful bottom-up process to outline, with terrain knowledge, sustainability issues such as severe siltation, poor energy efficiency, poor accessibility to the area and between the Ports’ neighbourhoods, lack of public access to the water, fading link between the City and its port heritage.

The Cornwall Maritime Strategy and Port Authority strategic documents already include objectives towards more sustainable Cornish ports and maritime activities. Strategic documents include an EMS and sustainable strategy. Sustainability is also included in the business plan. Project ideas were designed by the stakeholders’ meeting and by the Port Authority itself in regards of those objectives. The project ideas address all issues with proof-tested solutions to improve the Ports sustainability in a cost effective way adapted to the scale and scarce resources of the Port Authority. Small ports have limited resources and cashflow capacity and so have to focus on tackling the main outlined issues with adequately sized projects.

The work undertaken proved that there is a potential for significant improvement for all aspects of sustainability regarding both priority projects:

• Economy: The Port would save money by undertaking energy efficiency work improvements and by producing renewable energy from its roofs. A capital dredging project and new disposal techniques will enable the Port to use more cost efficient techniques and would secure the access to Lighterage Quay for bigger vessels. Sources of match funding have also been identified to help the Port deliver these projects at a lower cost.

• Environment: A significant reduction in the Ports’ carbon footprint would be achieved by reducing energy waste in the Ports’ buildings and by reusing spoils locally instead of shipping them to remote facilities.

• Social: A capital dredging operation would safeguard the jobs involved in commercial shipping and the ferry links to the Port. A better energy efficiency would improve drastically the working conditions for the Ports’ staff, ensuring the buildings are at an adequate level of heating.

As stated above, unlike the two priority projects, the other projects presented here won’t be delivered by the Port Authority. One of the lessons learned during the cluster project was that sustainable issues are often related to multiple stakeholders and may be outside the scope of the Ports’ competencies. They have to be addressed by co-operating with multiple organisations from the public, private and not-for-profit sector. Port- related issues are often complex which have to be dealt by all the stakeholders on a longterm scale.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 73 FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1: Sea surge protection fences at Lighterage Quay at high tide seen from the southern extremity (Copyright Cornwall Marine Network Ltd) ...... pg. 3 Figure 2: Upper Fal and Truro Rivers with the old and new Truro Harbour ...... pg. 4 Figure 3: Penryn Harbour and its projects (From the 2007 Port Masterplan) ...... pg. 4 Figure 4: Scrap metal being loaded in a sea / river-going coaster vessel at Lighterage Quay ...... pg. 5 Figure 5: Sailing oyster dredger boats moored in Mylor Harbour ...... pg. 6 Figure 6: Public transportation Network in the Fal Estuary (Ferry links displayed in blue) (Copyright FalRiver) ...... pg. 7 Figure 7: Map of areas covered by the SSSI (Blue lines), AGSV (Yellow lines) and AONB (Green) regulations around Lighterage Quay (Cornwall Council and Crown copyright) ...... pg. 10 Figure 8: Map of areas covered by the the SSSI (Blue), AGSV (Yellow) and AONB (Green dots) regulations in Penryn (Cornwall Council and Crown copyright) ...... pg. 11 Figure 9: Malpas Estuary SSSI and Fal Estuary and woods SSSI (Cornwall Council and Crown Copyright 2015) ...... pg. 11 Figure 10: Comparison of the seabed level in the Truro River channel between 1993 and 2013 ...... pg. 19 Figure 11: Difference in seabed level in the Truro River channel between 1993 and 2013 ...... pg. 19 Figure 12: Map of the Port area in Penryn (Copyright Cornwall Marine Network Ltd) ...... pg. 23 Figure 13: Map of the Port area in Truro (Copyright Cornwall Marine Network Ltd) ...... pg. 24 Figure 14: Map of the energy-related projects in Truro ...... pg. 25 Figure 15: Map of the energy-related projects in Penryn ...... pg. 25 Figure 16: Map of the dredging projects ...... pg. 26 Figure 17: Map of the disposal projects ...... pg. 26 Figure 18: Lighterage Quay turning area at low tide ...... pg. 27 Figure 19: Lighterage Quay and navigation channel at low tide ...... pg. 27 Figure 20: Example of street pattern in Newham (Newham Road) without a cycle path ...... pg. 28 Figure 21: Map of the cycling project ...... pg. 28 Figure 22: Map of the light bridge project ...... pg. 29 Figure 23: Flood gates at the northerm arm of Lighterage Quay ...... pg. 29 Figure 24: Panoramic view of the channel between the flood gates and the upper harbour ...... pg. 30 Figure 25: Map of the St. Gluvias church beach slipway project ...... pg. 30 Figure 26: Map of the Restoration Boatyard Project ...... pg. 31 Figure 27: Example of the projects’ scoring matrix showing ratings in terms of time, costs and benefits ...... pg. 32 Figure 28: The section of Lighterage Quay and Brownfield granted to the boatyard project ...... pg. 33

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 74 Figure 29: Harbour Authority workshop in Newham Road ...... pg. 35 Figure 30: Plans of the Truro Harbour Office (ground floor) ...... pg. 37 Figure 31: Plans of the Truro Harbour Office (first floor) ...... pg. 38 Figure 32: Plan of the Truro Workshop ...... pg. 40 Figure 33: Diagramme of the main Marine License application process ...... pg. 52 Figure 34: Carrick Roads inner waterbody (Copyright Environment Agency and Ordnance Survey) ...... pg. 53 Figure 35: Carrick Roads inner waterbody chemical classification ...... pg. 54 Figure 36: Carrick Roads inner waterbody ecological classification ...... pg. 54 Figure 37: Chemical assessment trigger table ...... pg. 55 Figure 38: Biological assessment trigger table ...... pg. 55 Figure 39: Normal background concentration for arsenic in Cornish soil (Copyright British Geological Survey 2012) ...... pg. 56 Figure 40: Normal background concentration of tin in the Cornish stream soil (Copyright British Geological Survey 2012) ...... pg. 57 Figure 41: Normal background concentration for copper in Cornish soil (Copyright British Geological Survey 2012) ...... pg. 57 Figure 42: Normal background concentration for lead (Copyright British Geological Survey 2012) ...... pg. 58 Figure 43: Illustration of disposal alternatives, one of them being island and nearshore saltmarshes (Working Group 10 of the Environmental Commission, 2006, p. 7) ...... pg. 62 Figure 44: Wightlink Ltd. Recharge at Lymington (in March 2013) (taken by ABPmer) ...... pg. 63 Figure 45: A restored bank as part of the Werkendam Geotube Trial ...... pg. 64 Figure 46: Beneficial sediment reuse within habitat creation project at Wroxham Island to restore an eroded section of the island (Copyright The Broads Authority) ...... pg. 64 Figure 47: Lower part of Calennick Creek seen from Newham old railway displaying intertidal mudflats ...... pg. 65 Figure 48: Mudflats in the lower part of Calennick Creek ...... pg. 65 Figure 49: Upper Calennick Creek seen from the sewage emergency discharge, displaying saltmarshes ...... pg. 66 Figure 50: Cost evaluation of the different dredged material disposal methods (Nerderlandse Rijkswaterstaat, 2013) ...... pg. 67

Table 1: List of documents related with the port development and sustainable strategy for the Port of Truro and Penryn ...... pg. 8

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 75 WORKS CITED

ABP Marine Environmental Research (ABPmer). (2014). Use of Beneficial Dredged Materials in the South Inshore and South Offshore Marine Plan Areas. Newcastle upon Tyne: Marine Management Organisation. Atkins. (2014). Smart and Blue Energy Recoomendations for Small and Medium Ports. Newhaven: Fostering Long Term Initiatives in Ports (FLIP). Bray, N., & Cohen, M. (December 2010). Dredging for Development. The Hague: IAPH & IADC. Carrick District Maritime section. (2007). Port Masterplan. Truro: Carrick District Council. CEFAS. (2014). Dredged Marine Sediments. Retrieved 2015, from CEFAS: www.cefas.defra.gov.uk/our-science/ assessing-human-impacts/dredged-marine-sediments.aspx Cornwall Council. (2012). Cornwall Maritime Strategy 2012-2030. Truro: Cornwall Council. Cornwall Council Harbours Board. (2013). Harbours Business Plan. Truro: Cornwall Council. Cornwall Council, Maritime Section. (2014). Environmental Management System. Truro: Cornwall Council. Cornwall IFCA. (2014). Fal and Helford SAC. Retrieved April 2015, from Cornwall IFCA: www.cornwall-ifca.gov. uk/UK0013112 De Boer, P. (2013). Dredging and Dredged Materials Management in the Netherlands. The Hague: Rijkswaterstaat. Defra. (2014, April). Habitat Account - Marine, coastal and halophytic habitats. Retrieved April 2014, from Joint Nature Conservation Committee: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/habitat. asp?FeatureIntCode=H1140 DEFRA. (2014). www.gov.uk/waste-legislation-and-regulations. Retrieved 2015, from Waste Legislation and Regulations - Gov.uk: www.gov.uk/waste-legislation-and-regulations Denholm Wilhelmsen, F. (2015). Survey about the Economic Consequences of the Dredge. (M. GARREC, interviewer) Department for Transport ; Department for Communities and Local Government, Welsh Assembly Government. (2006). Opportunities for Ports in Local Authority Ownership: A Review of Municipal Ports in England and Wales. London, Cardiff: DfT, DCLG, WAG. Department for Transport. (2012). National Policy Statement on Ports. London: Department for Transport. DETR. (2000). Modernising Trust Ports. London: Department for Transport. Droit, J., Bataille, T., & Delouis, A. (2013). Évaluation des risques sanitaires des opérations de dragage et de rejet en mer de matériaux marins et estuariens. Saint-Brieuc: Projet Setarms. England, J., & Burgess-Gamble, L. (August 2013). Evidence: Impacts of Dredging. Bristol: Environment Agency. Environment Agency. (2015). Calennick Stream Current Ecological Quality. Retrieved 04 2015, from http://maps. environment-agency.gov.uk: http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/queryController?topic=wfd_rive rs&ep=2ndtierquery&lang=_e&layerGroups=1&x=178882.2245&y=44639.500499999995&extraClause=EA_ WB_ID~%27GB108048001250%27&textonly=off&latestValue=&latestField= Environment Agency. (May 2012). Clearing the Waters: A User Guide for Marine Dredging Activities. London: Environment Agency. Falmouth Pilot Partnership, F. (2015). Survey about the Economic Consequences of the Dredge. (M. GARREC, interviewer) Fisher Associates. (2007). Port Masterplan. Truro: Carrick District Council.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 76 Gac, S. L., Chiffoleau, A.-C., Claudel, H., & Lozach, L. (February 2011). Status of French and English Port Dredging Regulation. Saint-Brieuc: Project Setarms. Guyader, C. L. (04/2013). Enquête “Dragage 2010” - Synthèse des données . Margny-Lès-Compiègne: CETMEF. Harrison Group Environmental Ltd. (October 2013). A Risk-Based Framework for sediment quality assessment strategies for the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads. Norwich: The Broads Authority. HR Wallingford. (9 May 2013). Brightlingsea Harbour Strategic Summary. Brightlingsea: Brightlingsea Harbour Commissioners. IADC. (2007). Facts about Turbidity. The Hague: International Association of Dredging Contractors. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. (2015). Fal and Helford SAC. Retrieved 03 2015, from JNCC.DEFRA.gov. uk: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/ProtectedSites/SACselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0013112 Marine Management Organisation. (2014). Planning and Development - Guidance. Retrieved 2015, from Marine Management Organisation: www.gov.uk/do-i-need-a-marine-licence#harbour-works Maritime Section. (2007). Sustainable Strategy. Truro: Carrick District Council. Maritime section. (2011). Dredging Protocol. Truro: Carrick District. Maritime Section. (2011). Dredging Protocol. Truro: Carrick District Council. Natural England. (2005). Views About Management for the Malpas Estuary SSSI. Truro: Natural England. Natural England. (2012). Sites of Special Scientific Interest and Historical Monuments. Retrieved 2015, from UK Government: www.gov.uk/sites-of-special-scientific-interest-and-historical-monuments Owen, T., & K.Park. (2011). Dredging. Denver: Colorado State University College of Engineering. Renterghem, B. V., Nederkassel, J. v., Vermeersch, T., Joos, P., & Quaeyhaegens, H. (2013). The Use of Engineered Sediments for the Construction of a Compartment Dyke in the Controlled Flooding Area Vlassenbroek. WODCON XX (p. 14). Brussels: Central Dredging Association. The Broads Authority. (2007). Sediment Management Strategy. Norwich: The Broads Authority. The Broads Authority. (November 2012). Expert Exchange Report. Norwich: Prisma Project. UK Marine Special Conservation Areas. (2015). Dredging and Disposal: Suspended Sediments and Turbidity. Retrieved 2015, from UK Marine Special Conservation Areas: www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/activities/ports/ ph5_2_3.htm UK Parliament. (1903). Pier and Harbour Orders Confirmation (Truro). London: House of Commons. Working Group 10 of the Environmental Commission. (2006). Environmental Risk Assessment of Dredging and Disposal Operations. Brussels: PIANC.

With the support of:

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 77 ANNEXES

Annex 1) Legislation Currently Affecting Ports33

• Clean Air Act 1993 • Conservation (Natural Habitats &c) Regulations 1994 • Control of Pollution (Amendment) Act 1989 • Control of Pollution (Landed Ships’ Waste) Regulations 1987 • Control of Pollution (Landed Ships’ Waste) (Amendment) Regulations 1989 • Control of Pollution (Oil Storage)(England) Regulations SI2001/2954 • Control of Pollution (Special Waste) (Amendment) Regulations 1988 • Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 • Dangerous Substances in Harbour Areas Regulations 1987 • Dangerous Vessels Act 1985 • Diving at Work Regulations 1997 • Environmental Protection Act 1990 • Environmental Protection (Prescribed Processes and Substances) Regulations 1991 • Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 • Harbours Docks and Piers Clauses Act 1847 • Harbour Works (Assessment of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1988 • Harbour Works (Assessment of Environmental Effects) (no.2) Regulations 1989 • Harbours Act 1964 • Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations SI 2005 • International Ship and Port Facility Security Code • List of Wastes (England) Regulations SI 2005 • Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 • Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 Chapter 23 • Marine Safety Act 2003 • Merchant Shipping (Vessels in Commercial Use for Sport or Pleasure) Regulations 1988 (As Amended) • Merchant Shipping Act 1984 amended 1988 • Merchant Shipping (Reception Facilities for Garbage) Regulations 1988 • Merchant Shipping Act 1995 • Merchant Shipping (Port State Control) Regulations 1995 • Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Pollution)(Limits)(Revocation) Regulations SI 2013/3042 • Merchant Shipping (Reporting Requirements for Ships Carrying Dangerous or Polluting Goods) Regulations 1995 • Merchant Shipping (Reporting Requirements for Ships Carrying Dangerous or Polluting Goods) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 • Merchant Shipping and Maritime Security Act 1997

Footnotes:

33. (Cornwall Council, Maritime Section, 2014) (Annex Page: 79)

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 78 • Merchant Shipping (Oil Preparedness, Response and Co-operation Convention) Regulations 1998 • Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Port Waste Reception Facilities) Regulations 2003 • Merchant Shipping (Accident Reporting and Investigation) Regulations 2005 • Merchant Shipping (Accident Reporting and Investigation)(Amendment) Regulations SI 2013/2882 • Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 • Pilotage Act 1987 • Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990 • Planning (Hazardous Substances) Regulations 1992 • Prevention of Oil Pollution Act 1971 • Prevention of Pollution (Reception Facilities) Order 1984 • Public Health Act (Amendment) Act 1907 • Sea Fisheries (Shellfish) Act 1967 • Transfrontier Shipment of Hazardous Waste Regulations 1988 • Transport and Works Act 1992 • Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations SI 2013/3113 • Waste (England and Wales) Regulations SI 2011/988 • Water Resources Act 1991 • Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Annex 2) Sustainable Strategy Sub-Objectives

A Successful Port Business

• Attracting and maintaining customers, adding value consistent with its role in the logistics chain. • Maintaining port charges that are competitive and responsive to market conditions, while generating adequate cash flows. • Ensuring business activities are managed on a commercial basis. • Provision of new infrastructure and equipment in accordance with planned construction and maintenance programmes.

Contribution to Prosperity

• Ensuring the cost of moving cargo through the port is minimised. • Ensuring that the port has the appropriate mix of infrastructure, facilities and services to meet customer needs. • Providing a business environment that promotes investment in the port, and assists customers and stakeholders in developing their long term plans.

Environmental Stewardship

• Adopt an overall stewardship / leadership role in the environmental management of the port. • Seek to achieve the highest level of environmental operations within the port and at its interfaces. • Continue to improve the physical amenity and public perception of the port. • Ensure that future development and operations of the port not only comply with environmental laws and policies, but also set an example based on integrated and holistic environmental practices. • Ensure that ecological values and integrity of the port are maintained and enhanced. • Minimise waste, pollutants and adverse environmental impacts. • Preserve and enhance the port ecosystems, biodiversity and habitat quality. • Maintain accountability through specific, measurable and achievable performance indicators.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 79 Safety for all Port Users

• Port users, employees and nearby residents feel safe. • Safety is a key determinate in the design and operation of all transport systems, including shipping movements, cargo handling and landside transport. • The organisation has in place appropriate systems and risk management strategies to deliver consistent, reliable services and provide a safe port environment.

Secure Land and Sea Access

• Anticipation of future shipping needs and commitment to meet its needs where practicable. • Provision of efficient intermodal connections and linkages with the external freight transport network.

Community Engagement

• Understanding the communities’ needs and actively responding to these needs. • Providing a vision for the future of the port that is inclusive of community interests. • Implementing a consultative process to address transport issues both within and outside the port. • Providing a pricing policy which is appropriate for all users of the port and its facilities. • Ensuring that customers are well informed on port issues and developments that affect them.

Annex 3) Summary of the Two Stakeholders’ Meetings

Cycle-Hire Project The stakeholder board was truly positive about the idea of setting up a project based on soft transportation modes in the Port. As the Port area in Truro is quite narrow but long (several kilometres), the general advice was that cycling was the most interesting mode. The stakeholders discussed the different options outlined which were:

• Set-up secured cycle racks instead of a full cycle-hire scheme. • Extend the scheme to the whole City if feasible (working with the City Council).

The stakeholders mentioned that the project should be presented to the local cycling clubs to assess if the local cycling community would use this new route and if they had comments about road safety issues.

Light Bridge Project The poor accessibility of both banks of the Truro River was raised as a main issue in the Port. The idea of setting up a link across the River was discussed regarding the improvement of the accessibility and attractiveness of the harbour neighbourhoods. The stakeholders commented that it could be linked with the cycling project.

The main issue mentioned was the raise of maintenance costs induced by such a facility. The level of these costs should be assessed as the identity of the organisation in charge of the facility: Harbour Authority, City Council or Cornwall Council?

Capital Dredging Projects and Disposal Projects The dredging of the navigation channel was discussed to remediate to the growing issue of siltation. Fishermen were concerned by the side effects of such operations. The effects of dredging, and even more dumping

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 80 (creating a bird island, reinforcing the river banks) silt on the water column arose as an important issue to be assessed. Such operations could possibly alter the turbidity in the water column and have a negative impact on the fishing activity and shellfish farms in the Estuary.

The stakeholder board did not appear to be fully aware of the issues induced by the silting and of the strong concerns from the harbourmaster about the harbour navigability in the short-term future. Nevertheless, the members were interested as siltation can become a safety issue even for leisure boats.

Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects The Harbourmaster explained that growing energy costs and poor energy efficiency were starting to be an important issue, combined with budget restrictions. Few comments were raised by the stakeholders. They see the benefits of improving the Port facilities and reducing its costs to spend money on other important budget headings. LED lighting was outlined as an interesting project to reduce the energy consumption and costs as several stakeholders are using LED lights on their boats.

Some Penryn stakeholders were quite disappointed with the only project in Penryn focusing on the toilet facilities. Other project ideas emerged, but not energy-related.

Woodenboat Heritage Boatyard A project to restore an old wooden boat built in Truro was presented by the Harbourmaster. The “Rhoda-Mary” project (as the boat is called) is led by a group of boatbuilders and harbour users from Penryn. A stakeholder raised the question of the channel depth. Would the channel be deep enough to launch and /or operate the boat from Truro when restored?

They expressed their concern about the future of the projected boatyard. What will occur after the end of the restoration of the Rhoda-Mary? Is the boatyard a long-term project?

The board stressed the importance of apprenticeships in the project as a very positive aspect for the maritime industry and young people inclusion. They also mentioned the increasing need for leisure and training activities for the growing population of Truro.

The stakeholders stated that they didn’t want the project to focus too much on the touristic aspect and wanted to know what would be the benefits of it in terms of new employment for Truro.

Projects that Emerged from the Meeting:

• Repair of the Penryn slipway • The slipway in Penryn is used by sailors and fishermen. This slipway needs a refit to ensure a safe access to the boats • New facilities for the Fal Estuary fishermen in Mylor Harbour • Mylor hosts nowadays the majority of the fishing fleet in the Fal Estuary but totally lacks in infrastructure. The fishermens’ working conditions could substantially improve if the Port was to receive new infrastructures. • Studying the possibility of using tidal energy generation to power the Port facilities • Increase the capacity of the Port-owned car-parks to improve the accessibility for boat users and local employees. The stakeholders in Truro and Penryn asked for more car-parking spaces to be able to reach their boats and workplaces easily. The car-parks’ users are competing with the store customers in both Ports. Lately some tensions arose between the Port staff and car-park users

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 81 • Re-setup a ferry link with Tregothnan, in front of Malpas to enable the Port visitors to sail across the River to access footpaths • Extend the cycling circuit to St. Clements • Install air conditioning systems into the Harbour Office facilities to reduce the heating costs

Second Stakeholder Meeting Dredging The Harbourmaster first commented that the main issue is to prevent the old harbour and Lighterage Quay turning areas to silt up. Such a prospect could make the ships and ferries unable to manoeuvre into the Port. The ship traffic would be then greatly reduced.

The project also involves the assessment of alternative ways to reuse dredging products.

The Universities of Exeter and Plymouth are already identified as potential important partners to perform the associated technical assessments. The University of Exeter cooperated in such a project with the neighbouring Port Authority of Falmouth Harbour Commissioners.

Guillaume Le Palud of Cornwall Marine Network stated that the pollution issue is to be investigated further to obtain a dredging license and make sure the dredging won’t affect other activities and the environment within the Estuary.

Representatives from Natural England (NE) and the Environment Agency didn’t consider the dredging and dumping project as preposterous if the environmental impacts were to be properly assessed and pollution risks mitigated.

Both organisations mentioned that they have the required competencies to assess such projects and can provide analysis services to the Port Authority to present a capital dredging application to the Environment Agency later on.

The EA representative suggested that it would be worthwhile starting with a test dredge using a maintenance dredging operation to dump silt onto the Recreation grounds’ bank. Such a maintenance dredging operation could be used to test new dredging methods and dumping methods to assess the feasibility of the foreseen capital dredging project and would require no additional EA license.

Guillaume Le Palud and Mael Garrec stated that Colchester could possibly be interested in cooperating with the Port of Truro on such a dredging project. The Port of Dunkerque and the APLM (Channel Local Ports Association) could also be interested. External expertise is available to assess these projects and include innovative techniques to mitigate the potential negative effects of both dredging and dumping silt.

The use of dredging waste for reinforcing river banks where needed is also a possibility acknowledged by the attendees. However, the Harbour Forum representatives remind that this must be done through a technical solution enabling to retain the sediments (in sacks or behind barriers) to mitigate both the increased turbidity and the drainage of the dumped silt.

Cycling and Light Bridge The cycling project idea was welcomed by all the stakeholders.

The Harbourmaster recalled that there is a right of navigation along the channel, so the light bridge should be

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 82 mobile to allow vessels to navigate at high tide.

Kevin Gray, member of the Harbour Forum, proposed to reconsider the bridge location to the south of Lighterage Quay to build it further from the flood defence gates, as this would be the main technical concern.

The bridge in itself would not provide any direct financial or use benefit for the harbour. However, it is overall a positive project that the Harbour should support.

Mael Garrec explained that the Port of Truro and CMN are looking for additional local partners on this project idea such as Truro City Council or the Newham Business Improvement District (local group of companies aimed to improve its neighbourhood).

An Interreg 2 Seas European project called “WHO Bikes” was identified by Sustrans (Charity acting as the main sustainable transport consultant for the Cornwall Council) as a possible interesting project to implement a cycling scheme in Truro.

The EA and NE representatives were positive but reminded that the bridge would have to be built well away from the flood defences to enable them to operate safely.

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Michael Danes, WattStor Operations Manager, explained that the overall return on investment should be an average of 5 years for the Port Authority if the solar panels, new lighting and storage batteries were to be set. This would depend from the type of the local needs and the type of products installed.

Chris Barnes (EA) commented that a combination of photovoltaic panels and wind turbine could be a smart choice as wind often blows when the sun is down in Cornwall.

Kevin Gray, member of the Harbour Forum, commented that Glaney College Valley was a windy corridor and thus an interesting place to set-up a wind turbine.

The NE representative was positive about the project.

Mael Garrec explained that this project idea would enable the Port to reduce the running costs of the Port facilities, including Penryn amenities. It would also then enable the Port to use saved financial resources for other projects with direct benefits for the users.

Woodenboat Heritage Boatyard Mael Garrec explained that examples of similar projects could be found in the UK or abroad such as in Douarnenez (Le Port-musée) or the Rochefort Harbour (French frigate “Hermione”), mixing heritage preservation, social inclusion and teaching (apprenticeships) and tourism.

Guillaume Le Palud stated that a British example could be found in the Medway, run by a charity called the Medway Queen Preservation Society.

The main comment came from the harbour forum representatives. They expressed their concerns about the difficulty of running such a facility as a long term project and ensuring that it would remain active after the end of the project. This project should be financially viable in the long-term to justify such an investment and the use of this port terrain.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 83 Church Beach Slipway Repair Works (Penryn)

The stakes of the project were outlined by the harbour users themselves, which shows that they are proactive in the project.

The EA and NE representatives commented that the public access to the water was a very important issue for both agencies.

There is a clear community benefit to provide free access to the water for all audiences to enjoy water-related activities such as boating and kayaking.

Comments were raised by both the EA representative and the Harbour Forum members about antisocial behaviour in the neighbourhood.

Mark Killingback, Harbourmaster acknowledged there would be direct benefits for the harbour users if such repair works were to be undertaken.

General Comments Kevin Gray, member of the Harbour Forum, raised the question of the need to finance studies although the Port Authority and the stakeholders know they will implement an action anyway?

Mark Killingback and Mael Garrec answered that the Ports’ needs had to be assessed to find solutions that are fit for purpose. The whole European project benefit was also in cooperating with other ports to share expertise and obtain European matchfunding for these projects.

Mael Garrec and Guillaume Le Palud stated that the assessment produced within the SuPorts project will be linked with Harbour business plan, EMS and Cornwall Maritime Strategy, gathering the main objectives of the Cornwall Council Maritime section.

The Harbourmaster explained finally that the port governance is currently evolving. The consequences are that the Cornwall Council may or may not be in charge of the Port of Truro and Penryn in the near future. He remains concerned about the fact that the Port budget could not be ring-fenced in the future, thus allowing the public body in charge to divert money from the reserves generated by the Harbour. This would potentially impact the funding of capital investment projects.

The potential issues and benefits of a Cornwall Council disinvestment of the Harbour to transfer it to the City Council are then still be assessed.

SuPorts Cluster Project: Page 84 Author: Mael Garrec, Cornwall Marine Network

This issue is produced in the framework of the Cluster works, and coordinated by the INTERREG IV A 2 Seas Programme.

This cluster is led by...

The contents of the publication reflects its authors’ view and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the institutions of the European Union. The text in this publication is for information purposes only and is not legally binding. This publication is entirely financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the INTERREG IV A 2 Seas Crossborder Programme. For further information please visit our website: www.sustainable-ports.eu

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The Interreg 2 Seas Programme is an EU funding programme which promotes crossborder co- operation between partners from France, England, Belgium (Flanders) and The Netherlands. It aims to develop the competitiveness and the sustainable growth potential of maritime and non-maritime issues through the establishment and development of cross border partnerships.