Travel-Time Optimization on I-285 with Improved Variable Speed Limit Algorithms and Coordination with Ramp Metering Operations
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GDOT Research Project 14-14 FINAL REPORT Travel-time Optimization on I-285 with Improved Variable Speed Limit Algorithms and Coordination with Ramp Metering Operations OFFICE OF PERFORMANCE-BASED MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH 15 KENNEDY DRIVE FOREST PARK, GA 30297-2534 1. Report No. 2. Government 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-GA-19-1414 Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Travel-time Optimization on I-285 with Improved Variable February, 2019 Speed Limit Algorithms and Coordination with Ramp Metering Operations 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Jorge A. Laval, Ph.D., Angshuman Guin, Ph.D., Bhargava Report No. Chilukuri, Ph.D., and Hyun W. Cho 14-14 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering 11. Contract or Grant No. Georgia Institute of Technology PI# 0013186 790 Atlantic Dr. Atlanta, GA 30332-0355 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Office of Performance-based Management and Research Covered 15 Kennedy Dr November 2014 – February 2019 Forest Park, GA 30297-2534 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Prepared to the Georgia Department of Transportation 16. Abstract The objective of this project is to develop effective variable speed limit (VSL) control algorithms to minimize the total travel time on I-285 study corridor. The study corridor is Eastbound/Southbound I-285 between GA 400 and I-20. Using a stochastic simulation-based optimization framework that combines microsimulation model GTsim and a genetic algorithm-based optimization module, we determine the optimal parameter values of a combined variable speed limit and ramp metering (VSL-RM) system that minimizes total vehicle travel time. The total travel time is reduced by 8% compared to no control. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Variable Speed Limit, Ramp Metering, Genetic Algorithm Optimization 19. Security Classif. (of report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 82 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized i Table of Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2 Literature Review........................................................................................................ 3 2.1. Variable Speed Limit ........................................................................................... 3 2.1.1. Theoretical background ................................................................................ 4 2.1.2. Variable Speed Limit Algorithm .................................................................. 9 2.1.3. Variable Speed Limit and Ramp Metering ................................................. 11 3. Variable Speed Limit Systems .................................................................................. 17 3.1. GDOT Variable Speed Limit Systems ............................................................... 17 3.1.1. Simulation of the GDOT speed harmonized VSL ...................................... 20 3.2. Combined Variable Speed Limit-Ramp Metering Algorithm at Merge Bottleneck ...................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.1. Problem Formulation ...................................................................................... 24 3.3. Model ................................................................................................................. 26 3.3.1. Preventing capacity drop using VSL .......................................................... 26 3.3.2. Combined VSL and RM Model .................................................................. 31 4. Optimization Framework .......................................................................................... 39 ii 4.1. GTsim Application ............................................................................................. 39 4.2. Genetic Algorithm .............................................................................................. 40 5. Methodology ............................................................................................................. 41 5.1. Study corridor ..................................................................................................... 41 5.2. Traffic Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 43 5.2.1. Data ............................................................................................................. 43 5.2.2. Data Processing for Origin Destination Matrix Estimation ........................ 48 5.2.3. Calibration and Validation .......................................................................... 54 6. Results ....................................................................................................................... 57 7. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 63 8. References ................................................................................................................. 65 9. Appendix ................................................................................................................... 73 iii List of Figures Figure Page 1. (a) Potential VSL impact on under-critical mean speed and (b) cross-point of diagrams with and without VSL. .................................................................................. 4 2. Four phases of the SPECIALIST algorithm ................................................................. 5 3. VSL strategy for a steady queue ................................................................................... 7 4. Discretized motorway link ............................................................................................ 8 5. Example of the rule-based VSL algorithm ................................................................... 9 6. Rolling horizon system and control algorithm............................................................ 10 7. ALINEA: local ramp metering strategy ...................................................................... 11 8. Two examples for increase in on-ramp flow and decrease in mainline freeway flow during a queue flush.............................................................................. 13 9. Persistent flow control via VSL .................................................................................. 14 10. (a) PI-ALINEA (feedback RM); (b) RM network; (c) feedback VSL; (d) VSL network; (e) feedback integrated control (RM and VSL); (f) RM and VSL integrated network .............................................................................................. 15 11. Time-space diagrams of point (P) and section (S) VSL applications ......................... 16 12. GDOT NaviGAtor VSL system .................................................................................. 18 13. Map of the VSL 21 and connected VDS’s.................................................................. 18 iv 14. GDOT NaviGAtor VSL map ...................................................................................... 19 15. Example network of speed harmonization (VSL) ...................................................... 21 16. (a) The continuous speed reduction of VSL #21 and (b) Speed contour map of harmonized speed algorithm shown as a time-space diagram. ............................... 22 17. Isolated bottleneck at a merge area ............................................................................. 25 18. Capacity drop at a merge area. .................................................................................... 25 19. Newell-Daganzo merge model ................................................................................... 26 20. VSL upstream of the merge area ................................................................................ 27 21. Fundamental mainline diagram and the time-space diagram representation of a strategy for eliminating on-ramp queue ............................................................... 27 22. Cumulative count curves of the capacity drop and VSL ............................................ 30 23. Time-space diagram of the metering rate during the void period ............................... 33 24. Time-space diagram of the recovery of the capacity drop using the integrated RM and VSL model for mainline traffic .................................................... 35 25. Cumulative count curve of Figure 23 and Figure 24. ................................................ 36 26. Study Corridor ............................................................................................................ 41 27. GDOT NaviGAtor video detection system (VDS) ..................................................... 45 28. Locations of GODT NaviGAtor’s Vehicle Detection System (blue) and Varaible speed limit (red) on Google Map. ................................................................ 46 v 29. GDOT traffic tube counts ........................................................................................... 47 30. Flow chart of O/D matrix estimation .......................................................................... 48 31. Sample network for OD estimation ............................................................................ 49 32. O/D matrix .................................................................................................................