Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization, and Reconciliation Implementation Period: April 16, 2018 – April 30, 2023 Quarterly Report October 1 – December 31, 2018
This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Creative Associates International, USAID implementing partner under Should PS&R. USAID Point of Contact: Andrew Lucas, COR, [email protected] Prime Partner: Creative Associates International Activity Name: Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization, and Reconciliation Contract No.: 720-688-18-C-00002
Contents ACRONYMS ...... 3 I. PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 4 II. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ...... 5 III. IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES: ...... 8 IIIA. FOUNDATIONAL ACTIVITIES...... 8 IIIB. OBJECTIVE 1: RESILIENCE TO VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT REINFORCED ...... 11 IIIC. OBJECTIVE 2: PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT STRENGTHENED IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES 12 IIID. OBJECTIVE 3: EMPOWERING YOUNG PEOPLE AND STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM 12 IIIE. OPERATIONS ...... 13 IV. CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES ...... 13 V. COORDINATION/PARTNERSHIP ...... 13 VI. NEXT QUARTER PLANS (FOR MORE DETAILS, SEE ANNEXES I AND II) ...... 14
List of Annexes:
1. Work plan narrative 2. Work plan chart (attached as a separate document) 3. Mapping of Early Warning monitors and tools in target communities 4. PDSEC status in PS&R communes 5. Classification of Communes 6. Maps of incidents per region
ACRONYMS ACORD Agency for Co-operation and Research in Development AMELP Activity Monitoring Evaluation and Learning Plan AMSS Association Malienne pour la Survie au Sahel CAF Conflict Assessment Framework CBO Community-based organization CC Community Coordinator CEC Community Engagement Committee COP Chief of Party CPDHA Centre For the Promotion of Human Rights in Africa CSO Civil Society Organization CVE Countering Violent Extremism DCOP Deputy Chief of Party DDR Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EU European Union EWRS Early Warning and Response System FDS Defense and Security Forces FRAMe Fragility-Resilience Assessment Methodology GOM Government of Mali M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MINUSMA United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali NGO Non-Governmental Organization OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs P2P People-to-People PDSEC Plan de Développement Social, Economique, et Culturel PS&R Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization, and Reconciliation Project RPM Regional Program Manager SLI Sequencing, Layering, and Integrating SNGP Sub-National Governance Project UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program USAID US Agency for International Development ULSHB Universite des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Bamako VEO Violent Extremist Organization
I. PROJECT OVERVIEW The signing of Mali’s 2015 Peace Agreement presents a historic window of opportunity to bring stability to the long-marginalized northern and central regions of the country, and set them on a pathway toward greater social, political, and economic inclusion. For 50 years, these regions’ complex conflict drivers have been compounded by the weakness - and, often, the absence - of civil administration institutions. This vacuum has resulted in the failure to provide security and public order, deliver basic services, and create the conditions for economic prosperity. It has enabled the rise of powerful armed groups and violent extremist organizations (VEOs), many of which thrive by controlling lucrative illicit value chains, including narcotics and arms trafficking.
Although the Government of Mali (GOM) is now incrementally re-introducing its administrative presence in many of these regions, the persistent lack of security in many northern and central communities continues to inhibit - and, in many cases, prevent - the full implementation of the 2015 Peace Accord, as well as impede the two regional development plans: the Projet de Stratégie Spécifique de Développement Intégré du Nord du Mali and the Plan de Sécurisation Intégré pour les Région du Centre (PSIRC).
USAID’s Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization and Reconciliation (PS&R) project, is a five-year $20 million contract with a potential $5 million crisis modifier implemented by Creative Associates International, Inc. with local partners Association Malienne pour la Survie au Sahel (AMSS), facilitating implementation in northern Mali, Think Peace, facilitating implementation in central Mali.
The purpose of this activity is to improve prospects for long-term peace, security, and reconciliation by building trust between conflict- affected communities and their government, strengthening the ability of communities to mitigate and manage conflict, prioritize and implement their community’s most pressing development needs, and empowering marginalized youth as change agents. The activities will be implemented in 46 conflict-affected communes and communities in the northern and central regions of Mali: Segou, Mopti, Tombouctou, Gao, Kidal Menaka and Taoudeni with linkages to regional and national policies for peace, reconciliation and development. The goal is to see measurable improvement in the efficiency, effectiveness and capacities of the local communities to be more resilient to conflict and violent extremism. Fostering stability in target regions is not only a desired end unto itself, but a necessary pre-condition for the full and complete implementation of the peace deal and the regional development plans- which, in turn, will create the conditions for more lasting, durable peace. PS&R activities are integrated by three objectives which support this broader project goal:
Objective 1: Through inclusive P2P dialogue activities and the targeted application of technical training and support, project communes and cercles will develop and pilot organic, community-led conflict early warning, conflict prevention, and violence- reduction mechanisms.
Objective 2: Through an inclusive, community-led process, project communities will augment PDSECs to codify peacebuilding and conflict-management mechanisms (including those piloted through Objective 1), and peace-consolidation activities will be formalized and implemented.
Objective 3: Through targeted youth engagement activities and the creation of alternative livelihoods opportunities, the attraction and influence of VEOs will be reduced in project communities.
II. Executive Summary
During this past quarter, the USAID/Mali Peacebuilding, Reconciliation and Stabilization project (PS&R) concluded the initial community engagement sub-activities aimed at mobilizing and gaining support of targeted communities without exacerbating volatile situations following the 2012 conflict. Specifically, PS&R delivered on the following key activities as planned:
Analysis of community engagement dynamics: PS&R completed the community engagement activities in the 441 target communes in Timbuktu, Gao, Mopti, Ségou, Ménaka, Taoudénit and Kidal. Activities included continued initial contacts with local authorities, identification of key actors/influencers, the mapping of CSOs/OCB, the administration of six key questions (two per objective) intended to frame initial conversations, and initial analysis of community dynamics and information triangulation aimed at selecting members of the Community Engagement Committees (CECs). using the information drawn from the identification key players and influencers. Furthermore, PSR conducted its first Orientation Workshop and Training in Civic Education in Markala.
Field staff administered questions in the 44 communes, mapped out youth opportunities, and identified initial dynamics related to conflicts and governance that will feed more detailed research in the next quarter. These findings will be triangulated/expanded through ICAF/FRAME data collection and analysis
Orientation of strategic actors on the project and selection of priority villages/ fractions/ quartiers: PS&R conducted a pilot orientation workshop coupled with civic engagement training and an overview of key national policies and strategies in the commune of Markala for 53 people including 29 chefs de villages.
Selection of key actors and influencers for the project, orientation and action plan PS&R identified key actors and influencers, who will act as the window to PS&R in each commune and help mobilize the communities and the leaders on various issues of interest in the commune. A summary of the community engagement process can be found below:
Community engagement update by region (31/12/2018) Key actors & CSOs & CBOs Key questions (# of Analysis Of Dynamics Orientation and influencers Communes) training of key players In civic education and stabilization policies Segou/ Mopti 476 481 22/22 22/22 1
Timbuktu/ Taoudenit 316 146 7/7 7/7 0
Gao/Kidal & Menaka 1,205 998 10/15 15/15 0
Total 1,997 1,625 39/44 44/44 1/44
Assessment of the status of PDSEC: The Community Coordinator recorded the availability/collected a copy of the PDSECs in 35 communes and assessed if those were drafted in a participatory process;
Support communities in developing an EWRS: PSR mapped existing mechanisms and identified early warning monitors (Mercy Corps, WANEP, AMSS, Think Peace) building on USAID past investments;
Training on CAF tool: PSR launched the procurement process for the development of training modules, training of trainers based on Creative’s CVE-sensitized Conflict Assessment Framework (CAF) Tool. PS&R also contextualized ICAF questions to the Malian context by reducing the number of indicators from 238 to 46 in order to tailor the assessment and improve understanding of the Malian multifaceted and diverse conflicts and help design appropriate response.
Training on FRAMe: PSR conducted a Training of Trainers of program staff and conducted a test training of 10 youth participants and one academic to enable the further step-down training of additional staff and potential enumerators that will facilitate FRAMe focus groups in the targeted communes. Moreover, in collaboration with USAID, PS&R identified the University of Arts and Human Science (ULSHB) to collect data using FRAMe in the target communes PS&R selected this University based on the institution’s capacity to work with a critical mass of youth who reside/originate from the target communes and can generate responsiveness from stakeholders in communities where the nature of the interview could be sensitive. This partnership is also an opportunity to connect academics with practitioners.
Organize the launching of the project at the national level: On October 25, PS&R carried out a successful launching ceremony chaired by the Minister of Territorial Administration/Decentralization and the US Deputy Chief of Mission, and the Minister of Social Cohesion, Peace and National Reconciliation. The ceremony was well attended, including by representatives of nine ministries, the Governor of Bamako, Embassies, UN senior officials, USAID staff and implementing partners, and civil society organizations. The launch provided an opportunity to raise PS&R’s profile and share USAID’s contribution to community-level stabilization of Mali.
II. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Political
In the aftermath of the Presidential elections that saw the victory of incumbent Ibrahim Boubacar Keita in August 2018, the country continues to suffer from the lack of political consensus characterized by the refusal of the opposition and, in particular, the main opposition leader, Soumaila Cisse, to recognize the victory and therefore the legitimacy of the President. On October 6, his party URD joined other opposition parties and associations, to form a new coalition, Front for the Salvation of Democracy (FSD).
1 PS&R target communes amount to 46. However, Salam and Taoudenit are not communes and therefore not covered for administrative reasons
On October 15, signatory groups of the accords renewed their commitment to the Peace agreement and adopted a pact for peace to speed up its implementation. UN resolution 2423, “requested the Secretary-General to take appropriate steps to swiftly conclude a “Pact for Peace” between the government of Mali and the UN. This pact is to be based on agreed benchmarks related to governance, the rule of law, and implementation of the key provisions of the agreement, contribute to the stabilization of Mali and strengthen the coherence of the international community's efforts in Mali, with the support of the MINUSMA”.
On October 16, the Constitutional Court approved the request by the National Assembly to postpone the legislative elections for a renewable six-month period. This second postponement would presumably provide enough time to initiate institutional reforms embedded in the Peace Agreement, possibly review the constitution which has been in the past controversial, appease current political tensions and create conducive environment for credible legislative elections. Although this decision to extend the mandate of MPs to June 2019 was welcome by some political actors and development partners, other analysts view as contravening the constitution.
During this period, a draft bill to redraw administrative boundaries triggered mixed reactions and drew criticisms in some part of the country. The bill embedded in the Peace Agreement, aims to create additional 10 regions in addition to the existing 10 for a total of 20 regions as well as new cercles, which according to critics of the bill would favor nomadic communities by increasing the number of seats in the National Assembly. The Government held regional consultations throughout the country except for the Gao region. In the Gao region, the terms of reference were rejected by the signatory parties to the peace agreement, in particular, Arab communities and self-defense groups. The Arabs are presumably not supportive of the delimitation which would shrink their territory while the self- defense groups think they were not involved in the preparations of these consultations. In Timbuktu, this meeting saw the participation of the leaders of the region and resulted in suggestions such as the creation of the regions of Goundam, Gourma Rharous and several circles and communes. In Segou, participants suggested that the region be divided into two regions, i.e. Ségou and San. In Mopti, participants propose that Bandiagara and Douentza be erected into regions. However, the circles of Bankass and Koro allegedly do not want to be attached to the region of Bandiagara. According to some reports, the Koro circle was not represented by the real actors.
Finally, the political deadlock marked by repeated protests of the opposition parties, social unrest and strikes, notably of the magistrates, which paralyzed raise concerns over the ability of the political elite to restore stability. The proposed division embedded in the peace agreement continues to be controversial and may, if enforced, affect the implementation of PS&R. For instance, the communes of Anefif previously in the Cercle of Kidal and Ber in the cercle of Timbuktu would become Cerles. In the new territorial delimitations, some villages would become communes.
Security
More than three years after the 2015 signing of the Algiers Peace Agreement (Peace Agreement), the security situation continues to be volatile security situation, Mali continues to face challenges in the areas of security and governance that are contextualize both in the center and in the north. In addition to the groups labelled as ex rebels, it is important to highlight that the issues of violent extremism have taken ethnic, community characteristics in such way that the ethnic groups within the communities against the background of violent extremism clash. Pervasive insecurity in the center of the country and absence of state to provide security, have caused an increase in intercommunal violence and increased influence of the militias such as the dozos (hunters) in the Mopti region of central Mali, which is not covered under the peace agreement. PS&R is therefore taking a community-based approach that is conflict sensitive, agile and adjustable to the evolving security context, including in communes where PS&R foundational activities are carried out. PS&R’s approach includes postponement of implementation or working through secondary source in communes where project staff unable to directly implement activities due to unpredictable security situation. While permanently removing these communes from the project scope of work may allow violent extremist groups to thrive and disseminate their destructive ideologies, the operating conditions require that PSR maintain some distance, but be ready to scale-up direct implementation in as soon as the security situation improves.
The security and socio-cultural characteristics of the Northern regions (Gao, Timbuktu, Taoudénit, Kidal, Ménaka) are dominated by the presence of national and international armed forces (FAMA, Barkhane, MINUSMA), armed opposition groups (CMA, platform, CME) and Jihadist Katiba (Ançardine, Al Qaeda, Al-Mourabitoune, AQIM all under the aegis of the JNIM and the Islamic State in the Great Sahara).
During the October-December period, in Timbuktu and Taoudénni, overall 93 incidents were recorded. Criminal acts (robbery, theft, burglary, assassinations,...) are predominant with 60 incidents (65%), followed by 13 incidents caused by radical groups (14%) and 12 incidents (13%), by government actions.
In Gao, overall 106 security incidents were recorded. This includes: 62 criminal incidents (58%), 15 actions by the Government and its partners (14%), 13 incidents by extremist actors (12%), 11 incidents for other types like demonstrations, gatherings, and accidents, (10%), and five incidents of actions by armed opposition groups. Gao had the most incidents among the regions due to a strong presence of the defense and security forces (FAMA, MINUSMA, Barkhane) and armed opposition groups. At the same time, the region records the highest criminal rate.
Kidal registered 66 incidents. Petty crimes account for 26 incidents (39%), followed by Government actions (launch and consultations on DDR, exercises of foreign armed forces) with 21 incidents (32%), other types with 10 incidents (15%), and radical acts with nine incidents (14%).
Of the 60 incidents that occurred in Ménaka, 32 incidents (53%) were related to petty crime, seven incidents (12%) to government actions, 13 incidents (22%) to radical groups, and five incidents (9%) to armed groups (MSA).
From November 6-12 and in line with the peace agreement process, the Malian Government, under the chairmanship of the Minister of Social Cohesion, Peace and National Reconciliation, in the presence of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the national commission in charge of Disarmament Demobilization and Reinsertion (CNDDR) launched the Accelerated Disarmament, Demobilization, Reinsertion and Integration (A-DDR-I) program in Gao, Kidal and Timbuktu aimed at integrating some 1,600 combatants from various armed groups into security forces. It is important to highlight that the DDR which is intended to facilitate the disarmament of combatants has stalled and resulted in weak demobilization of ex-combatants. It is anticipated that the Operational Coordination Mechanism (MOC) will provide security to the DDR process which will start with the cantonment of armed groups combatants who are signatories to the peace agreement. On December 6, the operational base of the MINUSMA recorded about 1423 fighters registered in the different MOC according to the following distribution:
CMA Platform Other groups Total Timbuktu’s MOC 211 129 168 508 Kidal's MOC 200 200 0 400 Gao's MOC 162 180 173 515 Total 573 509 341 1423
PS&R will continue to engage the CNDDR in particular through support to youth programs and mainly alternatives to violence, including vocational training and livelihood as well psycho-social support to facilitate their reintegration. PS&R is also working to identify commune-specific impediments to reintegration and will be working with communes to prepare for the return of excombatants.
In the Centre, the security situation is worrisome and characterized by mainly communal conflicts between the Dogon hunters, Dozos and Fulani, and attacks by radical groups (Macina Katiba of Amadou Kouffa). From October 1 to 31 December 2018, approximately 285 incidents were reported in the 22 PS&R target communes: armed inter-communal conflicts continue in The Circles of Bankass, Koro, Grind, Ténenkou, Youwarou while banditry prevail on the roads and river routes. The Circle of Douentza recorded the largest number of incidents with 24%, followed by Ténenkou, Koro and Mopti with respectively 18%, 16% and 14%.
This widespread insecurity situation in the Center caused the displacement of 45,217 people by the end of November. (Source: SDLSES- Mopti) to the border with Burkina Faso but also in parts of Douentza towards Gossi (Timbuktu).
Moreover, floods due to the rise of the waters of the Niger River (Konna, Youwarou, Djenné), the collapse of over a hundred houses and destruction of livelihoods, including cattle and several hectares of irrigated perimeters rice paddies which the main source of income for these communities is, forcing these peaceful populations to request humanitarian assistance. In response, local authorities and the communities in Youwarou for instance, established a crisis committee and sub-committees responsible for the assessment of the damage, the registration of the victims, the awareness of the communities and mobilized resources at Community level for assistance to the victims because some victims were accommodated by their neighbors. Local authorities also provided food and non-food items, including three tons of millet and three tons of rice, 300 liters of oil, 75 kg of salt and 205 blankets and 100 nats, 3000 FCFA (to each of108 households affected) of the city of Youwarou.
The death of the leader of the Macina Katiba Amadou Kouffa during a joint Malian defense Ministry and French-led Barkhane operation on the night of 22 to 23 November 2018 in the Forest of Wagadou (Méma) is of concern over possible retaliatory actions primarily in the central communities of the country.
The Segou Region recorded 50 incidents particularly in the circles of Niono (Sokolo, Diabaly), Macina (Monipébougou, Sana, Saloba), Ségou, San and Bla, including robberies, arsons, murders, multiple attacks (Diabaly, Saloba, Tominian), IED Explosives (Matomo, Sokolo). The two main insecurity areas remain Niono and Macina but also the circle of Ségou. These areas are affected by activities of radical groups and petty crimes (abduction) while the circle of Macina is dominated by social conflicts especially at the level of border of Ténenkou and Djenné. Security incidents related to violent extremist groups (attacks on military positions and hunters, kidnappings...) amount to 22 (44%).
The security crisis dominated by the resurgence of social conflicts and the intensification of jihadist attacks adversely impact the areas of Koro, Douentza, the circle of Mopti, Ténenkou, Youwarou, Macina, de Niono which remain difficult to access. Thus, PS&R strategy is based on close involvement of beneficiaries, local actors and civil society to ensure ownership and acceptance of the project by target communities. This approach allows to minimize the security risks and yield the best results. As PS&R operates in areas that go through periods of instability, it intends to adjust implementation approaches such as working through secondary sources and relais (as is the case currently for Dioungani), bringing target groups to different locations if cost-effective and or postpone some activities until the security situation and/or travel conditions allow the implementation.
Maps of key security incidents per region can be found in annex VI
The security situation in the Centre is corroborated by FIDH's latest report2 and its revealing title "in the center of Mali, the people are trapped in terrorism and counterterrorism".
Since the beginning of the year 2018, the region – perhaps the most strategic and multi-ethnic of Mali – experience armed conflicts led by the jihadists of Amadou Diallo Kouffa, the community militias and the security forces. Populations are the main targets and the first victims of multiple armed actors fighting in these territories. This hidden conflict in the inaccessible areas of the Niger River Delta takes place behind closed doors, sheltered from the views of national and international opinion. Moreover, the region of Mali voted the least in the presidential election of 2018. Also, a joint press release FIDH and its partner AMDH on 21 November 2018 at the Bamako Press House led to the recommendation that “the escalation of violence in central Mali is about to become out of control and will not be resolved through spectacular military operations. Without the return of a strong and just state, which will re-establish the relationship among all the communities, the Jihadist terror and clashes between communities will continue to thrive. According to the report, the populations in the Central regions suffer from abuses by the jihadists, armed bandits and government armed forces. Finally, the document highlights gender-based violence in the Central region, including in some PS&R target communes.
Classification of Communes
PS&R noted the changes below in the classification (in conflict; buffer and resilient) of the following 10 communes (9 in the Center and 1 in the North) based on the nine (9) program indicators: Bankass, Douentza, Koro, Konna, Ténenkou, Youwarou, Macina, Diabaly, Niono and Ansongo.
Score Status Score Status Region Circle Commune Reasons for Change in classification (1-9: conflict; 10-18: Buffer; 19-27: Resilient) 02/10/18 (02/10/18) 31/12/18 31/12/18 Open and violent conflicts;
Mopti Bankass Bankass 20 Resilient Buffer Defective and/or non-functional mechanisms, 17 And Intermittent delivery of services to the citizens (education) Open but nonviolent conflict; Timely and reactive mechanisms; Threat of armed
Mopti Douentza Douentza Conflict Buffer groups; Uninterrupted/continued state presence; Intermittent delivery of 9 18 services to the citizens (education); Occasional holding of communication and
2 FIDH report, Central Mali: Populations caught between terrorism and anti-terrorism, November 2018
coordination meetings; Punctual presence of radical actors; Sporadic visit by violent armed groups. Development of positive dynamics; resistance of youth to terrorist groups; Mopti Koro Koro Buffer Resilient 18 20 Development of job creation initiatives Defective and/or nonfunctional mechanisms; Occasional holding of Mopti Mopti Konna Resilient Buffer 19 17 communication and coordination meetings Intermittent presence of state and Intermittent delivery of services to the citizens Mopti Ténenkou Ténenkou Conflict Buffer 9 11 (infrastructures, education, civil status) Threat of armed groups; Intermittent presence of state; Intermittent delivery of Mopti Youwarou Youwarou Conflict Buffer 9 12 services to the citizens (infrastructures, education, civil status) Timely and reactive mechanisms, Intermittent presence of state; Intermittent delivery of services to the citizens (education); Occasional holding of Ségou Macina Macina Conflict Buffer 9 16 communication and coordination meetings; Punctual presence of radical actors, Radicalization of youth; Sporadic visit by violent armed groups
Ségou Niono Diabaly Conflict Buffer Intermittent presence of state 9 10 Open but nonviolent conflict; Functional and proactive mechanisms; Threat of armed groups; Uninterrupted/continued state presence;
Ségou Niono Niono Conflict Resilient Permanent/uninterrupted delivery of services; Regular communication and 9 22 coordination meetings; Punctual presence of radical actors; Radicalization of youth; Sporadic visit by violent armed groups. Open but nonviolent conflict; Timely and reactive mechanisms; Threat of armed groups; Intermittent presence of state; Occasional holding of communication Gao Ansongo Ansongo Conflict Buffer and coordination meetings; Punctual presence of radical actors; Radicalization 9 18 of youth; Sporadic visit by violent armed groups.
The detailed classification of the 44 communes based on the nine (9) program indicators can be found in annex V
III. IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES:
IIIA. FOUNDATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Planned activity F 1: Initial Community Engagement
By the end of the quarter, PS&R had concluded key sub-activities under this critical foundational activity, which established productive partnerships that mobilize key actors and formalize their aspirations towards stability. Respondents were given the opportunity to voice those aspirations by identifying three key peacebuilding priorities. Those priorities include: the return of the administration, the creation of job opportunities for young people and the establishment of income and job generating investments. This activity also paved the way for and aims to form a solid foundation towards the implementation of PS&R activities while building on USAID past achievements and existing projects, in line with Sequencing, Layering and Integration approach. These community engagement activities enabled the capacity building/strengthening of the key actors/influencers and their involvement in the implementation of peace, inclusive governance and social cohesion in their communities. The establishment of the Community Engagement Committees brought together actors and organizations and provided alternative structure that can be used for community involvement in peacebuilding. In the goal of reaching out to as many youth and community leaders as possible, PS&R trained 10 young people and identified youth groups as enumerators/animators for FRAMe working through the University and used the Markala platform to train 29 villages on civic education.
F.1.1. Initial Contacts
PS&R established initial engagement with the authorities of the communes of Ténenkou and Youwarou, where pervasive insecurity and deep community divisions has made access very difficult. The Circle of Ténenkou, for example, is split between the army and the jihadists, the army controls the city of Ténenkou, the surrounding villages are under the influence of extremist groups. According to local authorities, PS&R is a timely project and welcome in the communes of Youwarou and Ténenkou, adding that "without peace, there is no development. They express their availability to support the project for the return of peace in Mali, especially the circles of the flooded areas. F.1.2. Identification of key actors/influencers
PS&R identified 476 key actors/influencers in the 22 communes of the regions of Ségou and Mopti. These AC/PI have been identified through focus groups, individual interviews (semi-structured interviews) and in some areas through a special session of the Communal Council (Ouonkoro). Among the actors and the people identified, there are some who are both leaders and notables and others neither leader nor notables but very influential. Key players and influencers live in the communes and possess diverse experiences in the peaceful management of conflicts, leadership and civic actions.
In the seven target communes of the regions of Timbuktu and Taoudénit, a total of 316 key actors and influencers have been identified, including some who are both key actors and influencers. Those have been identified through focus groups, individual interviews (heads of Villages/districts/fractions, mayors/deputy Mayor/SG at the municipal level) and possess experiences in areas such as community involvement, conflict management and leadership.
In the fifteen communes of Gao/Kidal and Ménaka, PS&R identified 1,205 key actors and influencers, including heads of villages/districts and fractions, managers of organizations created during the occupation of the area (Civil Resistance organizations), communal councillors, religious leaders, leaders of grassroots community organizations, modern and traditional communicators and leaders of civil society. Some reside in the communities and others outside the communes.
F.1.2. Mapping of CSOs/CBOs
In Segou and Mopti, PS&R identified a total of 481 OSC/OCB, community peace-building entities, 146 OSC/OCB in the regions of Timbuktu and Taoudénit and 998 in the regions of Gao/Ménaka and Kidal, with considerable support of local town councils and authorities, resource persons and using registries. These CSOs conduct activities pertaining to social cohesion, consolidation of peace,
income-generating activities, advocacy for the promotion of human rights and women’s empowerment. They also include representations or ramifications of some umbrella CSOs/CBOs such as CAFO, CNJ, JCI, RECOTRADE.
In areas such as Essouk, Anefif, Alata, Andéramboukane And Tarkint where access is difficult and telephone network coverage is lacking, the PS&R community coordinators (CCs) conducted the activities in the Chefs-lieux of the communes with the mayors and Secretaires Generaux often in a town hall meeting or in villages and fractions (cases of Soni Ali Ber, Bourem) where the CC moved from village to village or in the fractions. Moreover, CCs collected primary information in the communes before meeting with the leaders of the umbrella organizations.
Some organizations that intervene in a conflict management and serve as umbrella organizations are not registered in communes or sub- prefectures but are organizations of national or regional scope (the High Islamic Council, the Association of Koranic masters, the CAFO, the RECOTRADE). Others were created or strengthened during the crisis and serve as intermediaries and/or gather a great number of community structures. The cadre de consultation is an example of the later, which at the time of the occupation played the role of the administration and platform of youth organizations involved in civil resistance.
In Gao/Menaka and Kidal, mapping include not only CSO and CBOs leaders that have officially registered, but also professional and civic associations generating a wide range of community actors who can play an important role during the implementation of the project. This explains the high number of structures mapped in those regions.
F.1.3. Administration of key questions and understanding of key issues related to the project objectives
Under objective 1, the following questions were administered during the community engagement process: i) What are the threats of conflict in your community, ii) What are the conflict prevention and management mechanisms in your community?
In the Center Regions, the administration of key questions highlighted the following threats: threats from radical groups, conflicts between herders and farmers and conflict of leadership with different causes by location. Latent conflicts exist in Fulani/Dogon community over management of the grazing areas also serving as agricultural space.
Existing conflict prevention and management mechanisms include the mediation by village leaders and their Council with the support of religious leaders and griots. In the Mopti region, particular attention is paid to the issue of the management of pastoral and fluvial resources, which is a proximate cause of the following community radicalization issues. o First is the Bourgou land managed by the Djoros (landowners in the central delta of Niger) through a social mechanism for generations, which has shown its limitations over time. This management mechanism favors some social strata over others yet living in the same communities. o Second is the Batigui (river owner) opaque management of the river space where some people and/or groups claim to own certain parts of the river and make it a law. These mechanisms set the conditions of use of these wetlands, without clear criteria. This created frustration among some community members who will not hesitate to assert and claim their rights.
In the regions of Timbuktu and Taoudénit, main conflict threats relate to shared resources (wells, river banks, etc.); radical groups, communal conflicts between farmers and herders and the management of basic social infrastructures. The two regions share one main conflict prevention and resolution mechanism: Religious leaders who, with additional resource people mediate conflicts.
In the regions of Gao/Ménaka and Kidal, conflicts are land-based between pastoralists and farmers, resource-based between communities.
Prevention and management mechanisms include mediations by religious leaders and conflict management committees.
Under objective 2, the following questions were administered during the community engagement process: i) Is there a PDSEC in your municipality? ii) Have you been involved in the development of the PDSEC? Iii) What services does the Government provide in your community?
In the center, except for Dioungani, Dinangourou and Matomo, 19 communes have drafted their current five-year development plan using a participatory approach. The validity period of these documents spans from 2016 to 2022. Communes also benefit from public services (Public Administration, Basic Education, Security and Justice in some locations, Basic Social Services) except in the communes of Dioungani, Dinangourou and Togué-Mourari,
In Tombouctou/Taoudénit, PS&R noted the validity and availability of the PDSEC in all seven target communes.
In Gao, Ménaka and Kidal, PS&R recorded the availability of 10 PDSEC out of 15 (excluding the PDESCs of Kidal and Alata)
An update of the PDSEC can be found in annex IV
Under objective 3, the following questions were administered during the community engagement process: i) In your community, what are some of the reasons why young people are radicalized and/or join armed groups? ii) What solutions could help prevent and fight radicalization and violent extremism?
In the Centre, the main push factors for youth’s radicalization include poverty, unemployment, lack of supervision of children abandoned by parents (talibes), injustice, the search for easy gain, poor understanding of religion and poor education.
Conditions reflect the insecurity that plagued the area and the motorcycle ban, which is a means of subsistence for the population in general and in particular for young people. The ban was issued by the Government following a series of attacks by motorbike-riding extremists on remote villages. Households have almost nothing to eat which will make youth vulnerable and push them to use every possible means to support their families.
To eradicate the phenomenon, respondents advocate for a genuine political will and associated action to deal with issues as violent extremism made its bed on/thrive on unresolved grievances. The crisis has further compounded existing social problems, which has worsened the context. Proposed activities by the respondents in the Center to address youth issues include:
- Job creation through professional centers to reduce poverty, - Literacy and the Awareness to improve understanding of religion, - Eradicate Impunity; - Revision of the Educational System - Revamping of tourism for the young guides of the Dogon country. - Strengthening security - Improving the access to justice - The establishment of dialogue frameworks with grassroots community leaders with the involvement of women and youth in decision-making processes; - Awareness of the administrative authorities on the respect of the customs in the areas of assignment
In Timbuktu and Taoudénit, participants indicated that the main reasons that young people join violet extremist groups: lack of employment, poverty, injustice, the search for easy gain. Mitigating measures by respondents include: job creation to combat poverty, literacy, awareness for a better understanding of religion and end impunity.
In Gao/Ménaka and Kidal, respondents opined that the lack of employment, poverty are believed to be the reasons why young people are radicalizing. The actors interviewed believe that job creation, vocational training and the accompaniment/insertion of young people are solutions that can prevent the radicalization of young people.
F.1.4. Analysis of Local Dynamics and Selection of the Community Engagement Committee
Using the information drawn from the identification key players and influencers, the mapping of CSOs/CBOs, PS&R carried out an analysis to identify potential actors who are likely to be part of the community engagement committee who will serve as the project’s interface with the communities in the targeted communes.
During this process the involvement of the local authorities was a major contribution. The establishment of the Community Engagement Committee (CEC) will allow the project to lay the groundwork for a dynamic collaboration between the project technical team, the political and administrative authorities and the community leaders and key actors. Their participation was a decisive element in the ownership of the project's approach and will reflect a unanimous agreement. The CEC is introduced during the community orientation activity, which brings together municipal authorities, chiefs of villages/fractions/neighborhoods, representatives of technical services of the government, civil society organizations, religious leaders, security and defense forces, key influencers and actors.
Criteria for members of the CEC include: 1) Representativeness/legitimacy; 2) the ability to mobilize; 3) Experiences in peace consolidation; 4) The degree of participation in the activities of the communes.
F.1.5. Orientation and civic education training workshop of key actors
From December 5 through to December 6, PS&R organized its first key actors' orientation workshop and civic education training. The meeting brought together the sous-prefect, the municipal authorities (Mayor elect and Secretary-General), the 29 Chefs de villages and/or their representatives of the commune, 2 chefs de quartiers du chef-lieu of the commune, representatives of technical services (agriculture, Social development, the Office of Niger) civil society organizations (CAFO, communal Youth Council, RECOTRADE), religious leaders (Muslims and Christians), gendarmerie for a total number of 53 participants including eight women and nine young people.
The Creative Governance Director based in Washington, the COP, AMSS program Director DCOP, DCP, Objective leads 1 and 3, RRP of Segou/Mopti and the Community Coordinators of Segou were also in attendance.
This workshop was a flagship activity of the initial community engagement which mobilized key actors and influencers identified throughout the community engagement process. It also served as an official launch of the activities at the communal level and as a forum to train and inform community leaders/members on civic education and main Government stabilization policies/strategies.
At the end of first day, participants were familiar with the objectives of the project and activities carried out under the initial community engagement process, followed by a session on the collection of existing early warning systems in the commune.
On the second day, the Promotion of human rights and development in Africa (CPDHA), a local NGO that has past experience working with USAID/CEP delivered a training on civic engagement and an overview of Mali’s four key stabilization policies (Peace Agreement, strategies for the North and Center and the policy to prevent/fight violent extremism and terrorism).
The lessons learned/recommendations from this workshop included the following:
- Complete selection of members of the Community Engagement Committees Members of this committee would assist the Community Coordinators in the organization of the orientation workshops; - Append a checklist of the community orientation workshop organization - Review the instructions and the questions related to early warning system data collection to contextualize the conflict assessment tool - Finalize a participant's booklet using easy French language and images that the CC will later distribute to the participants
Given the sensitivity of the program and the need to ensure local ownership, the lessons learned, and recommendations of this test workshop will help design and conduct the workshop in the remaining 43 communes.
FRAMe Analysis
The Fragility, Resilience Assessment Methodology (FRAMe®) is a Creative’s proprietary governance assessment tool that assesses the degree of fragility of governance systems and simultaneously identifies strengths or needs for capacity building. Ultimately, data collected using FRAMe® would be used to increase the resilience of the governance system. The tool is based on an implementation methodology that requires a good understanding and mastery in order to be able to use it effectively, hence the planned activity in FRAMe® training.
Training of trainers in FRAMe
From November 13-16, Creative HQ fielded two master trainers to conduct a training of trainers on FRAMe. Training participants included ten PS&R staff: the COP, the DCP, the two technical leads, the Regional Program Managers, the Grant Manager and the two Community Coordinators of the Segou region. The main objective was to equip PS&R program staff with the required theoretical understanding of key concepts related to fragility and resilience of governance systems as well as the technical skills to implement FRAMe® assessments for PS&R, including serving as trainers themselves, or discussion group moderators and enumerators. Specifically, the model allowed participants to analyze resilience through looking at various dimensions and factors and capturing differences in perceptions between different identity groups. At the end of the training, PS&R staff understood the importance of mastering the tool in order to minimize the risks of doing harm and increase the opportunities of lasting peace, and identified the parameters and plans for the implementation of the first wave of FRAMe® for PS&R.
A pilot training was subsequently, organized from 21-22 November 2018 and gathered ten young people drawn from the Council National des Jeunes and the Jeunes Chambre Internationale from the target communes of Ségou and Pelengana as well as a professor from the University of Ségou. The training moderated by trained PS&R staff strengthened youth’s leadership capacity in PS&R target communities. At the end of the training, participants underlined the relevance of the FRAMe® tool as an innovative tool for analyzing the governance system at the local level. Next steps include the training of the community coordinators who will in turn train the facilitators and the enumerators for the data collection. PS&R will also negotiate a service agreement with the University of Bamako to capitalize on the importance of youth, who is expected to be recruited from each commune targeted by PS&R and to ensure sustained Malian work with this research.
IIIB. OBJECTIVE 1: RESILIENCE TO VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT REINFORCED INTRODUCTION
Violence is increasingly becoming an element of the daily lives of the populations of PS&R targeted communes as evidenced by the number of security incidents. This situation sometimes limits the movement of the PS&R staff on the ground and therefore delays the activities in some areas. For example, to access Ténenkou (Mopti region), The CC travelled by night time on pinasse, spending sometimes 15 hours on water for 170 km, coupled with the availability of this means of transportation only once a week.
Moreover, a complex aspect of community conflicts particularly in the center is the ethnic trajectory in that coexistence becomes a real challenge for greater stability, and therefore peace and security. Traditional conflict management systems exist but are sometimes broken or prove to be ineffective, hence the formation of alternative mechanisms within these same societies (conflict management committees, self-defense groups etc). Thus, as the communities have no choice but to get used to a permanent tense environment, they tend to simultaneously develop coping mechanisms, however unstructured or informal. PS&R intends to leverage and build on these existing mechanisms if they are inclusive and accepted by the community and in so doing, will enhance their capacity through training.
Result 1.1. : Communities develop and implement early warning and response systems
In line with the sequencing plan, overlay and integration, PS&R mapped the following existing early warning and response systems in order to capitalize on past USAID Investments and/or strengthen complementarity/synergies:
Activity 1.1.1. Early warning and response systems:
The system implemented by Mercy Corps is based on the conflict management committees set up by the NGO Tassaght Gao and the Protection Committees by UNHCR in Timbuktu. Mercy Corps has selected 60 monitors that have been trained and equipped with telephone. Three Monitors per commune fluent in local languages, transmit by SMS all the incidents to conflict resolution committees which attest to their relevance. Thus, validated by the Resolutions Committees, the incidents are recorded and forwarded to Mercy Corps which records them in its data base. The Resolution Committee of the communes which refers to the regional committee and the response actors (Governorate, Minusma.) to the national level is tasked with responding to the tension/conflict. According to Mercy Corps’ final report, about 271 conflicts were resolved by community leaders
The alert system used by AMSS involves the actors at the grassroots that are the community monitors that are placed at the level of the villages. They serve as relays and trace all the information related to human security incidents. To do this, they benefit from training sessions or capacity-building necessary for the work of reporting. The fact sheets are subsequently forwarded to the project officers who inform a database which are compiled by UNHCR that share information within the protection cluster where the members provide solutions.
The WANEP system has two components of early warning systems, namely the ECOWARN system (regional and linked to ECOWAS) and another one exclusively WANEP labeled NEWS. The ECOWAS system is moderated by 5 monitors and reported by WANEP. The WANEP system is facilitated by some sixty community monitors in close collaboration with the security services (police, gendarmerie, civil protection) and a regional focal point. Information is provided through WHATSAPP. Concerted frameworks are organized at the level of each circle on the basis of the incidents collected and in order to provide answers. The members of the consultation frameworks are the elected officials, the prefects or the governor who meet monthly.
Finally, Think Peace monitors and collects data on security issues, elections and violent extremism. The information is then transferred, centralized, screened and validated through an online platform. This base is called Mechanism for Analysis of Integrated Information (MAIN in French)
This mapping allowed PS&R to confirm that systems exist but are working on general (ECOWARN) or specific issues (MAIN) using different methodology and indicators to collect and share the information; to identify potential partners. The mapping also highlighted the need to connect the different systems with one another to build evidence-based data on peacebuilding issues, assist the Malian communities and government develop appropriate responses at local, regional and national levels.
The summary is recorded in the table in annex III to the report.
Result 1.2: Communities develop non-violent mechanisms of mitigation and conflict management to resolve disputes and grievances, protect human rights and strengthen social cohesion
Under the PS&R, conflict analysis will be carried out using the ICAF tool. To this end, PS&R held meetings with potential partners who would be tasked with conducting ICAF training and research for a better analysis of conflicts in PS&R targeted communes. PS&R found that the WANEP conflict analysis model and proven experience can be adjusted to collect ICAF data. Terms of reference as well as the questions ICAF have been contextualized with a view to start the conflict analysis. At the end of the process, WANEP is expected to produce by locality a comprehensive analysis of the conflicts that will serve as input to the facilitation of the course of the other activities.
IIIC. OBJECTIVE 2: PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT STRENGTHENED IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES
INTRODUCTION
Participatory/inclusive governance and civic engagement of communities will be central to the success of the project in light of the depth of the Malian crisis and the division in the Malian societies. The failed governance systems are at the core of a trust deficit between the citizen and the state. Moreover, the issue is not so much the efficiency of institutions and/or availability of policies, but rather reflects the slow implementation of the policies by the Government, but also the limited initiatives from communities to build the state. The governance crisis in Mali is compounded by a capacity crisis that has caused the disenchantment of communities, hence a weak civic engagement and participation that will bridge the growing gap between the actors in the system.
Narrowing this gap requires the mobilization of all the stakeholders to positively influence the governance practices in order to restore confidence and bring the communities out of their retreat.
Result 2.1.: Strengthening the participation and inclusion of communities in the process of developing, validating and revising PDSEC PS&R triangulated the information provided by the DGCT and recorded the validity/availability of 35 PDSEC (19 for Segou/Mopti; six in Timbuktu and Taoudenit and ten in the regions of Gao and Ménaka). Additionally, key stakeholders such as traditional leaders, youth and women groups confirmed their participation in the process. PS&R will subsequently review priorities in the existing PDSECs against the three PS&R objectives and activities in order to identify the appropriate response and action, including working with SNGP and/or other actors to support the drafting of the PDSEC.
Result 2.3: Citizens and representatives of GOM are educated and strengthened in their respective responsibilities, rights and duties On December 6, PS&R trained 53 community actors including 26 village leaders /quartiers and/or their Representatives of the Commune of Markala on civil education and key government stabilization policies/strategies, including the Peace Accord, the strategies for the Northern and Central part of the country and the national policy of combating terrorism and violent extremism.
On December 18, PS&R partnered with the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID’s) Reacting to Early Warning and Response Data in West Africa (REWARD) implanted by Creative to conduct a Roundtable on Lessons Learned from Electoral Violence Prevention in Mali. The purpose was to support Malian electoral stakeholders in strengthening their electoral early warning and response systems, and to improve the ability of national and local stakeholders to respond to electoral violence. The Roundtable brought together 29 participants, including key electoral stakeholders of the Malian government, local, national and international NGOs, USAID REWARD grantees for peaceful elections, the media, women and youth groups. The roundtable provided the opportunities to share success, challenges and recommendations based on knowledge about their active roles in contributing to violence-free campaigns supporting the Mali 2018 Presidential elections. PS&R intends to use the outcome of this round table as it supports communities in developing their early warning indicators, including during election period.
Activity 2.3.2. Provide grants to local NGOs to conduct civic education sessions in the community. PS&R awarded its first grant to the Centre for the Promotion of Human Rights in Africa (CPDHA), to organize the Orientation and civic education training of key actors of Markala. During the training, participants were asked to frame their roles as citizenship, roles and responsibilities during a group exercise.
IIID. OBJECTIVE 3: EMPOWERING YOUNG PEOPLE AND STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM The fragility of the Malian context, in particular in targeted PS&R communes, is dominated by the inability of the State to maintain a stable and effective presence, causing the departure and/or alienation of the youth who are faced with the lack of prospects and attracted to radical narratives. Violence becomes an opportunity and easy gain. The development of youth leadership through training and building capacity becomes therefore essential. Result 3.1 Strengthening community capacity to support youth leadership and empowerment Activity 3.1.1. Training of a group of young coaches Youth training on a tool to asses and monitor resilience of their communities Youth have been targeted to benefit from the FRAMe as part of the development of their leadership to master the tools of analysis and development planning. Thus, 10 youth and were trained and decided to create a WhatsApp page called the "animators of FRAMe” that will serve as a platform/forum for reflection on civic engagement. Moreover, PS&R through the services of the ULSHB will use youth preferably from the 44 target communes to collect and analyze FRAMe data.
Youth training on stabilization policies including violent extremism Training during the orientation workshop from 5 to 6 December in Markala served as a framework for training the strategic actors of the commune on public policies for stabilization, including the national policy to combat terrorism and violent extremism. Among the 53 strategic actors, ten were young people.
IIIE. OPERATIONS
Governance and Community Resilience Practice Area Director, Ms. Deborah Kimble traveled to Bamako to assist develop a program surge plan and capacity assistance. Creative also deployed a Senior Contracts and Grant Associate to train Think Peace and AMSS on contractual requirements of their respective subcontracts. PS&R is seeking assistance on the wage issues to better retain its staff. During this quarter, the project completed the recruitment the following staff: 1 Program Security Manager, 1 Grants Manager, 1 Monitoring and Evaluation Manager, 1 Regional Program Manager (Gao), 1 Lead Objective 3, 1 Community Coordinator, 1 Procurement Officer, 1 Finance Assistant and 2 Drivers.
The project also recorded three staff transitions, including the Monitoring and Evaluation Manager (only after a month of service), the Lead Objective 3, the Regional Program Manager of Timbuktu and one Community Coordinator of the Centre Region for personal reasons. The Objective 3 Lead and Community Coordinator were replaced while the project has identified candidates to replace the Monitoring & Evaluation Manager and the Regional Program Manager for Timbuktu. The project has also identified candidates to fill the positions of procurement and logistics assistants for the offices of Mopti, Gao and Timbuktu. The Objective 2 Lead has been away from post for health reasons. A consultant has been identified to temporarily replace him.
From an operational perspective, PS&R improved its communication capacity by installing a high-speed Internet connection and the wiring of the computer and telephone network of the Bamako office. Segou staff also moved into the permanent office on December 27. Finally, PS&R has developed a personnel handbook that will be submitted to the Labor Office.
On November 6, Directors of the PS&R consortium met to review project progress and jointly identify measures to address operational and programmatic challenges. The discussions included program organizational chart, lines of communication and grants.
IV. CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES
The volatile security situation remains the key challenge in the targeted PS&R communes. These security challenges are characterized by a rise in violent extremism linked to the presence of terrorist groups and other criminal groupings and associations in the Centre. In the north the delays in Peace Agreement Implementation triggers frustrations which in turn leads to continued security incidents. To address these security challenges, PS&R works closely with communities, sharing information on the project and involving the communities in all its activities. This approach, in addition to using staff from the communities develops and increases acceptance of the project which is the cornerstone of the project security management.
The draft bill to redraw administrative boundaries being going through consultation will have an impact on the intervention communes of the project. The bill embedded in the Peace Agreement, aims to create additional 10 regions in addition to existing 10 for a total of 20 regions as well as new cercles. Some of our current intervention cercles may become regions, communes may become cercles and some villages may become communes. For instance, the communes of Anefif previously in the Cercle of Kidal and Ber in the cercle of Timbuktu would become cercles. In the new territorial delimitations, some villages would become communes. The project may have to redefine its intervention areas.
V. COORDINATION/PARTNERSHIP
On October 5, 2018 PSR met with Viamo, a Canadian mobile company to discuss on how best to use its platform to collect real-time conflict early warning information and indicators of violent extremism/radicalism; feedback from the communities on/how PDSEC is delivered and hold Government accountable. It is important to highlight that Viamo possesses experience working in the DG areas and the language capacity to disseminate messages in local languages.
On October 5, PS&R participated in a meeting on the implementation of the National policy on preventing violent extremism and terrorism organized by the Ministry of religious Affairs. The Minister of Religious Affairs highlighted the lack of communication between the Coordinating Ministry and the various Government departments dealing with Violent Extremism (Defense, Justice, MATD, Foreign Affairs…). PS&R will follow up particularly with the action plan and consider areas that could be support.
On October 18, PS&R attended a meeting organized by the Commission de Rehabiltation des Zones Post Conflits (CRZPC). The focus of the meeting was to discuss the situation in the Region of Menaka, with the Chef de Cabinet of the Governor and the President of the Autorite Interimaire of Ménaka in attendance. The meeting provided PS&R with the opportunity to introduce the project to the highest regional authorities of Ménaka where the program covers 3 communes (Andéramboukane, Alata, and Ménaka)
On October 18, PS&R met with the Minister of Security and Civil Protection. The Minister commended USAID for working at local level (communes) and in support of the implementation of the PSIRC.
On October 18, PS&R also met with the EU technical assistant to the Ministry of Social Cohesion, Peace and National Reconciliation and staff of the MINUSMA civil affairs office to discuss coordination mechanisms in support of this Ministry. The group recommended that the appointment of a new Minister, former Director of Cabinet of the Prime Minister and the expansion of the Ministry to include Peace are a window of opportunity to advocate for the establishment of government-led structure that would coordinate national and international support to ensure greater impact and maximize use of scarce resources. According to local sources, the Ministry presumably receives 0,13% of the Government overall budget (loi de finances) for 2018, whereas Defense and Security receives 14%. USAID has since met with the Minister of Social Cohesion, Peace, and National Reconciliation to discuss how best to formalize such forum.
On October 26, PS&R met with the Minister of Women’s affairs, children and family, who welcomed this project that would empower women to play an important role in prevention and response to conflicts and violent extremism. PS&R underlined that gender issues are mainstreamed throughout the three objectives through support to Mali 1325 action plan; enhancing women’s participating in the drafting of the PDESC and building women’s capacity to fight the growth of violent extremism.
On November 6, PS&R attended a meeting with the National Early Warning and response Center and the USAID PDG Office. The National center presented their progress and perspectives. PS&R agreed to meet with the Center and agree on the lines of collaboration and support.
On November 29, PS&R attended the monthly meeting that gathered NGOs/actors working in peacebuilding (WANEP, IMRAP, Search for Common Ground, Mercy Corps, International Alert, Danish Demining Group). The meeting provided the opportunity to explore possible synergies with other NGOs working in peacebuilding, discuss the draft terms of reference of the group and attend a presentation on the Vulnerability and Resilience to violent extremism study conducted by International Alert.
On November 28, PS&R participated in the USAID communication specialist’s quarterly meeting. Objectives included how to prepare a USAID event and the do’s and don’ts on social medias.
From 24-26 October, PS&R participated in the multi-stakeholder forum in the Ségou region on the implementation of its PSIRC. This meeting under the aegis of the Ministry of Security and Civil protection was jointly organized by the Governorate of the Ségou region and the Regional Council with the support of the stabilization Action of The European Union of Mopti and Ségou.
VI. NEXT QUARTER PLANS (FOR MORE DETAILS, SEE ANNEXES I AND II) Contextual changes are likely to take place given the instability in the areas where PS&R is working. The project will therefore continue to rely heavily on local stakeholders through the Community Engagement Committees to understand local conflicts and develop appropriate responses, including peace dialogues. Under Objective 1, PS&R will support community resilience to conflict through early warning monitors who have already been trained under the USAID funded Mercy Corps peacebuilding project. At the same time, PSR will start building the capacity of the Center for National Early Warning to serve as a Coordination platform for all early warning and response systems in the country.
Under objective 2, PSR will complete and share the understanding of the governance context through FRAMe analysis in the communes of intervention. The fragility-resilience analysis information will inform the PDSEC analysis and revision in communes where those PDSECs are live.
Under the objective 3 of the project, PSR will increase youth’s understanding of Violent Extremism through trainings. PSR will complete youth opportunities to prepare skill-based training for them. Youth from the intervention communes will be trained to collect and analyze data using the FRAMe methodology. This exposure will increase their understanding of their communities’ concerns and subsequent positive involvement in the solutions.
PS&R will continue to advocate/implement the sequencing, layering and of the project’s objectives and activities in order to holistically promote peace, stabilization and reconciliation across multiple stakeholders and partners. Specifically, PS&R will build on past USAID investments and complement the work of other actors in peacebuilding and stabilization through coordination and partnership. PSR will build on Mercy Corps and ACCOR past projects as well as coordinating with Think Peace and AMSS ongoing and past projects in the under Objective 1.
ANNEX I : Workplan Narrative for the quarter January-March 2019
Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization, and Reconciliation Workplan Narrative FY19Q2 (January-March 2019)
INTRODUCTION : Mali Peacebuilding, Stabilization, and Reconciliation (PSR) is funded by USAID for five years (2018-2023). It is implemented by a consortium consisting of Creative, Think Peace, AMSS. It covers 46 communes in the regions of Ségou, Mopti, Gao, Kidal, Ménaka, Timbuktu, Taoudéni, with three main objectives namely: ✓ Resilience to violence and conflict strengthened; ✓ Increased participatory governance and civic engagement in conflict-affected communities; ✓ Youth Empowerment and Building Resilience to Violent Extremism. This work plan describes the project activities for the January-March 2019 quarter. During the quarter, the project will combine the latest community engagement activities with activities directly related to the project results.
FOUNDATION ACTIVITIES
Activity F1.1. Continue initial community engagement. During the quarter, the project will proceed to the conclusion of community orientation workshops. During the workshops, PSR will report back to the communities on the contacts made so far, on the findings of the community mapping (CSOs, key actors), on the findings of the discussions around questions of conflict management mechanisms, PDSECs, and threats of radicalization. Members of the community engagement committee (CEC) will be presented and their roles and responsibilities explained. The project will avail the presence of village chiefs, representatives of administrative and traditional authorities, key actors and influential people in the communes to provide training in civic education and information on stabilization policies in Mali. The activity will be carried out by grantees and PCP staff.
Activity F1.2. Carry out conflict analysis. The project will work with WANEP to analyze the conflicts in each of the intervention communes of the project. In total, 45 focus groups of 10 members each will participate in the collection of data informing the conflict analysis. Data collection will begin in early February and be complete by the beginning of March. This data and analysis will inform all actives described below.
Activity F1.4. Carry out FRAMe analysis The project will work with the Universite des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Bamako (ULSHB) and young academics from the intervention regions to analyze the level of resilience and fragility of communities in the target communities. A total of 220 focus groups of 10 members will be held and facilitated by 440 young facilitators and enumerators. The ULSHB will select youth from each region and communes and ensure that enumerators are sent to their commune of origin. This approach will address the issue of the language of the focus group facilitation, as well as the trust of the groups in the facilitators. ULSHB will conduct the research in stages beginning in February and continuing into March. The resulting data and analysis will not only inform the activities below, but may also have broader application across USAID/Mali programming.
Activity F1.6. GOM and CSO stakeholders and other leaders and influencers develop work plans With the support of PSR, CECs in 40 communes will develop their draft action plans. Each CEC has seven to nine members who are key actors and influencers in the commune. The plans will be validated during community orientation workshops.
OBJECTIVE I: RESILIENCE TO VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT REINFORCED
R1.1. Communities develop and implement early warning and response systems The development of early warning and response systems will take into account the existing mechanisms, test them and review them. The project will adapt them based on the specificities of each of the communes defined through the ICAF and FRAMe analysis. PSR will revive the systems previously funded by USAID while working out modalities to support the National Early Warning and Response Center. Indeed, the role of the Center in coordinating systems is critical to sustainability and leverages existing assets. The project will support the Center in its role of coordinating early warning and response systems. The Center has a direct line with the Prime Minister Office to which it reports. This allows the center to quickly mobilize and direct response to any information received.
Activity 1.1.1. Develop community-tailored early warning indicators
The early warning and response system reduces the risk of conflict in Indicator : % of early warning signals reported that are referred to relevant time. To be effective the early warning signals must be community response structures by EWCs specific and determined by community leaders and influencers based on local conflict analysis. Following this conflict analysis, the Target : 100 signals sent through to the relevant response center community actors brought together will validate their own warning indicators and their use to build local response readiness. Selected and strengthened community monitors provide data to local and regional authorities for any useful follow up and response. The project will start in communes where previously USG funded Mercy Corps project had established monitors for conflict early warning indicators. PSR will engage the with the National Early Warning Center on the coordination of the Early warning and response systems for the Government of Mali. The vision of the project is that the National Early Warning Center coordinates all the early warning signals and is the instigator of the response through the Prime Minister’s Office.
Sub-activity 1.1.1.1: Mapping of existing early warning monitors and systems During this quarter, PSR will validating the list of 22 Mercy Corps community monitors in Gao and verifying their willingness to continue in these roles. PSR will also complete mapping and verification of all other community-based early warning systems and monitors in PSR-support communes. Where possible, PSR will collect lists of early warning indicators and community monitors.
Sub-activity 1.1.1.2: Reestablish early warning monitors in Gao In the coming quarter, PSR will leverage and sustain the work conducted by Mercy Corps in Gao by: • Providing replacement equipment where needed and ensure adequate phone credit/coverage to enable reporting. • Provide a small stipend as necessary for the 22 monitors. • Gather feedback and impressions from the community monitors and the CECs on the effectiveness of the
Sub-activity 1.1.1.3: Adapt early warning indicators based on the ICAF results At the conclusion of the foundational assessments described above, PSR will use the findings to develop tailored draft early warning indicators for the communities supported in sub-activity 1.1.1.2 based on the original indicators used by Mercy Corps community monitors. This process will serve as a template for broader adaptation. Activity 1.1.2. Develop early warning training program
The training program on early warning will take into account the specificities of the target communes as well as data on the indicators established at commune level. The project will draw on existing training modules (such as WANAP’s) and adapt them according to the specificities of each community.
Sub-Activity: 1.1.2.1 Adapt training modules based on ICAF findings In the coming quarter, PSR will gather existing training modules and begin drafting the early warning training program based on the ICAF results and draft tailored early warning indicators developed for supported communities in Gao.
Activity 1.1.3: Provide EWRS capacity building to CSOs CSOs established and working in Communities, in collaboration with other peace-support associations will play a role in the early warning and response systems. CSOs will receive training and will be encouraged to pass early warning information on to the monitors. This will strengthen the early warning system and help inform the number of field monitors trained in the collection of early warning data.
Sub-activity1.1.3.1 Agree on CSO selection criteria During this quarter, the project will define participating CSO selection criteria drawing on those that are already successfully conducting similar work at a regional and national level. The program will also establish a strong line of coordination with National Early Warning Center to ensure consistency with GoM priorities and policies.
R1.2. Communities develop non-violent conflict mitigation and management mechanisms to resolve disputes and grievances, protect human rights, and strengthen social cohesion
Grievances as root causes, proven or supposed motives, are most often buried in each person and, contribute to feed conflicts, if there is not a framework in which everyone can find the means to express themselves, discuss in order to be reconciled. The approach of this result is to create dialogue situations in which the communities will have to discuss their problems, without taboos, and to initiate together the paths towards more fraternity and to life together in a violence-free environment.
Activity 1.2.1. Select and train key influencers in conflict mediation, negotiation, and dispute resolution
The first target of the training will be the Community Engagement Committees members. These members were selected based on their Indicator : Number of people participating in USG-supported events, trainings, or activities designed to build mass support for peace and level of involvement in community development, innovation to meet reconciliation peace and development challenges, and the credibility they enjoy Target : 400 within communities. The trainee group will be extended to other groups and individuals who may be playing a role in conflict resolution but are not part of the CEC of which the number of members is limited.
Activity 1.2.2. Conduct dialogues around specific group grievances using P2P At the end of the implementation of the community engagement process, actors were identified based on their experiences in conflict prevention and their participation in the activities of the municipality. Those actors, mostly members of community engagement committee, will be strengthened in techniques to facilitate dialogues. In some cases, ad hoc committees may be trained to conduct dialogues on specific grievances.
Sub-activity 1.2.2.1: Adapt CMM training modules from AMSS and Think Peace current modules PSR will use the modules developed independently by AMSS and Think Peace to develop a single harmonized training package that reflects the ICAF and FRAMe findings. PSR will test these refined materials at a pilot training as described below.
Sub-activity 1.2.2.2: Organize a pilot training for key actors in Macina In March, PSR will support a pilot training for 20-30 participants in Macina for a two-day workshop. Participants will include the CEC and additional community influencers with close ties to or experience with this issue. The training will enable participants to facilitate the reconciliation dialogue in sub-activity 1.2.2.3 effectively and mediate between the peuhls who left and felt pushed out of the community but want to return and those who remained
Sub-Activity 1.2.2.3: Support one day dialogue to discuss return of displaced Peuhls in Macina Following on the initial dialogue facilitator training, PSR will support a broader dialogue in Macina to gather and discuss both community concerns and issues with the return of displaced peuhls and the concerns and issues of those displaced. Intended to
bring together a broad range of people, this group of more than a hundred participants will voice concerns and when possible develop concrete next steps in addressing potential issues.
R1.3. Victims of violence are identified and supported through trauma-informed approaches to community reintegration and reconciliation
As the peace process moves forward, conflict-affected communities must manage the return and reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as assist victims in their recovery and re-assimilation into communities. PSR approach provides the foundation for trauma healing further supported through project activities such as training for CSOs and communities to support ex-combatants and support to victims of violence.
Activity 1.3.1. Prepare communities for reintegration and reconciliation
The project will inform communities about the peace agreement and the peace process, including the provisions Indicator : Number of individuals from low-income or marginalized communities who received legal aid or victims’ assistance with USG concerning the DDR. The PCP field team will work with support government officials, CSOs, community leaders and respective Target : Number of service providers identified influencers to identify potential actors to participate in community forums where community concerns will be discussed including around reintegration and reconciliation. During the quarter, the project will identify resources (organizations) to facilitate community reintegration dialogues and processes.
Sub-Activity 1.3.1.1: Identify resources with community facilitation capability on issues of reintegration. PSR will begin to identify commune-level community-based organizations (CBOs) with the ability and desire to support their communities through the reintegration process. PSR anticipates that resource identification will be ongoing as organizations and community leaders begin to grapple with the multitude of issues related to reintegration. By the end of the quarter, PSR will have collected preliminary resource lists from approximately 40 communities.
Sub-activity 1.3.2.1: Draft TORs for the training Concurrent with the identification of commune level resources under sub-activity 1.3.1.1, PSR will also begin to draft the terms of reference (TORs) for training these identified resources in supporting reintegration; GoM approaches, and possible resources.
OBJECTIVE II: INCLUSIVE GOVERNANCE AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT STRENGTHENED IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES.
The majority of the activities under Objective 2 will focus on analyzing the PDSECs and supporting urgent peacebuilding activities identified during the review process.
R2.1. Increased participation and inclusion of communities in the development, review, and revision of PDSECs
As part of decentralization, communes identify and prioritize local development needs, then channel the information to cercle and regional authorities as they develop PDSECs. PS&R will build local capacity to identify community needs and resources, set priorities, and communicate to citizens.
Activity 2.1.4. Establish community resource centers to share information on PDSEC implementation plan Discussions around resource centers during the community engagement process indicate that there is no clear understanding/commitment/resources/strategy for centers to provide information on PDSECs at commune level. During the quarter the project will evaluate the existing resource centers and adopt a strategy to support community resource centers. The community coordinators will be responsible for taking stock of the situation.
Sub-Activity 2.1.4.1: Mapping of existing resource centers in intervention communes
Critical to the delivery of later programming, PSR will develop an accurate map of the existing resource centers in accessible targeted communes. As a key part of the mapping process, PSR staff will also provide preliminary opinions on the functionality of the resource centers and their current capabilities.
R2.2. Linkages and synergies strengthened between key GOM strategies to stabilize northern and central Mali PSR activities are designed to support key elements of GOM strategies for peace and development of the Northern and Central Regions of Mali. The project will carry out training of the key stabilization policies and document to key actors and influencers in 41 communes as part of the community orientation workshops
Activity 2.2.1. Train selected leaders and influencers on effective communication and negotiation From the community engagement identified key actors, influencers and leaders, the project will select those who will be trained, including the Community Engagement Committee. This quarter, the project will focus on developing training modules on effective communication and negotiation
Sub-activity 2.2.1.1: Develop a training module on communication and negotiation techniques. Drawing on existing training material used in similar contexts, PSR staff will draft a Malian-tailored training module on communication and negotiation techniques. This training module will be included in more comprehensive training for the CECs and for other key actors in targeted communes as part of ongoing assistance and engagement.
R2.3. Citizens and GOM representatives are educated and empowered in their respective responsibilities, rights, and duties
PSR will assist government authorities in applying new understanding of their roles and responsibilities to address grievances that have been raised through the conflict analysis, perceptions highlighted by FRAMe, and progress made in implementing development initiatives as part of the regional development plans and PDSECs. During the quarter, the project will focus on civic education training with the aim of raising awareness among communities on GOM policies and strategies for stabilizing regions and the center. The project will benefit mainly from community orientation workshops that bring together village and fractional leaders, as well as communal authorities and key and influential people from women's and youth organizations.
Activity 2.3.2. Provide grants to local NGOs to conduct community-driven civic education As part of the Community Orientation, a civic engagement training will be organized for all chiefs of villages in all Indicator : intervention communes, commune council and authorities, along 1. % of citizens exposed to civic education messages who report with key actors and key influencers of the communes. participating in civic activities 2. % of citizens in target communes who are aware of government stabilization and development plans Sub-activity 2.3.2.1: Train key actors and community authorities and Target : 200 individuals exposed to civic education and stabilisation policies. leaders on civic education Carrying on the work begun in the previous quarter, PSR will issue two grants to Malian CSOs to deliver civic education and community orientation training. One grantee will deliver training to targeted communes in Mopti and Ségou and the other to targeted communes in Gao in February. PSR has already completed the initial evaluation of applications and will be making final awards in early February. These grants will include rolling training through February for all accessible target communes within these regions. The training will incorporate the lessons learned from the pilot civic education and community orientation training held in December 2018 in Markala. For Timbuktu, PSR will deliver the training directly leveraging existing consortium local assets. All training will be complete by the end of February.
Sub-activity 2.3.3.1: Map out community cultural events As a part of the civic education and community orientation training conducted under sub-activity 2.3.2.1 above, PSR will also collect initial calendars of commune-level cultural events and holidays. These calendars will enable PSR to plan small grant activities for cultural activities in future quarters that reflect the priorities, schedules and individual cultures of specific regions and communes.
OBJECTIVE III: YOUTH EMPOWERMENT AND STRENGTHENED RESILIENCE TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM.
The youth empowerment sought will translate into the number and percentage of youth who reject violent extremism and embrace positive dynamics for their communities.
R3.1. Community capacity to support youth empowerment and leadership strengthened The implementation of workforce development programs will enable the project to mobilize training institutions or centers that exist within these communities. This strategic choice, which directly engages community learning institutions and centers, will be a source of motivation for them to provide quality training to young people of their own villages. Training will focus on priority areas that will be identified with the support of the community, influencers and economic actors (private sector)
Activity 3.1.1 Deliver training to cadre of youth coaches Youth Coaches will be identified in the 3 communes of Mopti, Gao and Tomboctou. At the same time, modules on leadership and coaching training will be developed. Those youth will receive training on coaching and leadership skills as well as on notions of violent extremism. They will be trained on how to mentor other youth and mobilize youth in resisting and countering violent Indicator: Number of youth who participate in skills-based trainings through USG assistance extremism. This quarter will focus on selection of youth, Target : 10 young people selected development of training areas and modules, and training of selected youth in 3 communes of the project for testing and learning purpose.
Sub-activity 3.1.1.1: Identify youth coaches in communities in Mopti, Gao and Timbuktu communes Building on the initial community engagement and key influencer identification conducted in the previous quarter and continuing in this quarter, PSR will establish criteria for youth coaches and through the CCs identify the initial cadre of 10 coaches in a one pilot commune each in Mopti, Gao, and Timbuktu regions. This identification and recruitment effort will serve as the basis for learning and adaptation for efforts across all other accessible target communes.
Sub-activity 3.1.1.2: Develop training modules on coaching and leadership Concurant with the identification and recruitment of the initial cadre of pilot youth coaches, PSR staff will also develop the training modules on coaching and leadership for the initial training. These modules will draw on exiting leadership training, particularly that dedicated to youth, but PSR staff will tailor the training to reflect the specific needs and contexts in which these youth coaches are operating.
Sub-activity 3.1.1.3: Conduct pilot training for 10 youth on coaching and leadership skills in Mopti, Gao and Timbuktu In late March, following youth coach identification and recruitment (sub-activity 3.1.1.1) and the development of tailored training materials (sub-activity 3.1.1.2), PSR will conduct three initial pilot training workshops for the identified youth coaches, one each in Mopti, Gao, and Timbuktu. These three-day training workshops will both activate the youth coaches in the selected communes and provide key insight into the adaptations required to conduct similar training on a wider scale.
Activity 3.1.2 Conduct youth asset mapping to promote civic engagement The project defines assets for young people to be the opportunities, and any community resources available (natural, cultural, environmental, human), for young people to use and create wealth in their community and earn income for themselves.
Sub-Activity 3.1.2.1: Design a youth asset mapping tool During the quarter, the project will design the mapping tool that will enable identified youth coaches to map out both the assets that youth bring to their community, including those underutilized or unrecognized by the community at large, and the resources which able to provide support and assistance to youth as they develop as members of the community. The tool will include inputs from the youth coaches identified in the pilot sub-activities described above who, in quarter three, will be trained on its use and supported as they carry out community youth asset mapping.
Activity 3.1.3 Deliver skills-based training and micro-grants to build empowerment and entrepreneurship Youth’s assets mapping will include individuals, individuals, institutions, associations and small and medium enterprises with on-job- training capacity. The project will negotiate those sign MOU’s organizing the terms of them providing agreed skills to identified youth. The project will also engage USAID/PACEN project dealing with similar training of youth in the north to both learn and coordinate. Youth in 3 communes of intervention will be trained. The project will choose accessible communes for testing and learning purposes
R3.2. La résilience des jeunes face à l’EV est renforcée grâce au soutien de la famille et de la communauté In the absence of strong family and community support, male youth may see VE and armed groups as a pathway to gaining power and influence, while female youth can be influenced by VE rhetoric to cut short their education in favor of early marriage. Our approach will strengthen existing support structures for youth within families and communities to counter the draw of VEOs, with a strong focus on VE counter-messaging and behavioral change Indicator : communications. Emphasis will be put on deep rooted societal values Number of individuals trained on addressing violent extremism in their used to rebuild the education of young people and keep them away communities ; from violence. The project will develop, with community actors, Target : activities that convey messages and values against violence and for social cohesion through family dialogue assemblies, theaters, festivals, caravans, citizeship days, will be promoted.
Activity 3.2.1 Engage youth and their families against violent extremism During the quarter, training and awareness modules on violent extremism will be developed. In order to prepare and adapt modules to communities of the project, PSR will carry out a research on what the understanding of violent extremism is in communities. The project will develop a guide for family and community discussions on violent extremism.
Sub-activity 3.2.1.1. Deepen understanding of community concepts of violent extremism The language used to discuss issues surrounding violent extremism is fraught and, when no tailored to reflect community understanding, can offend audiences and undermine efforts to counter violent extremist influences. As a critical part of the PSR’s approach to this delicate issue, the project will work through CC and CECs to better understand the language and concepts employed in partner communes around issues of violent extremism. The Objective 3 Lead will draft a short list of questions and work with CCs and CECs to determine how each community talks about these issues. This effort will continue through the life of the program and inform not only sub-activity 3.2.1.2 below, but also broader communication efforts across the project.
Sub-activity 3.2.1.2. Draft a discussion guide on violent extremism Based on the information collected in sub-activity 3.2.1.2, PSR staff will draft tailored discussion guides that will support and inform future activities and training around issues related to violent extremism across the project. The degree of tailoring required will reflect the how widely communes differ in their use of language and concepts. Ultimately, the project will produce as many tailored discussion guides as required to meet the needs of target communes.
Activity 3.2.2 Engage community institutions against violent extremism During the quarter, the project will map out community cultural events that can be used as platform form counter violent messaging and sensitization (festivals, singers, theater, etc.) as well as community institutions that the project will engage to further counter violent extremism.
Sub-activity 3.2.2.1: Map out community cultural events Conducted concurrently with sub-activity 2.3.3.1above, this calendar of cultural events will focus on those in which youth plays a more significant role or where there is increased opportunity for youth leadership and engagement.
Sub-Activity 3.2.2.2. Identify project target community institutions Conducted concurrently with other mapping exercises described above, through this sub-activity, PSR will place a youth lens on broader community institution and CSO/CBO mapping to identify a smaller more targeted group of potential commune-level support systems and partners.
Annex III-Mapping of Early Warning monitors and tools in target communities
Addressee of EW Communes EW Monitor Name Contact Structure Tools information SEGOU REGION WANEP through Millstone Bakary DIALLO 79 03 75 81 WANEP Telephone WATSAPP 76 22 58 14 /66 65 48 Segou Mamoutou Pléa WANEP Telephone Same 52 Mrs Diao-Tall 66 72 43 74/ 76 65 28 Segou WANEP Telephone Same Kadiatou 24 Segou Me I 69 50 11 11 WANEP Same 70 21 65 61/ 66 76 67 Niono Fatoumata Chromium WANEP Telephone Same 59 MOPTI REGION Chorus David Chris 95 43 95 76 WANEP Telephone Same Bankass Madina Guindo 74 25 65 48 WANEP Telephone Same Ouenkoro Moussa Tapily 74 50 47 97 WANEP Telephone Same Mopti Lassina Déba, 79 21 68 70 WANEP Tablet Same Bandiagara Cheick Tidiane 66 61 52 94 WANEP Tablet Same 75 20 43 79/ 69 08 65 Tenenkou Rouki Tamboura Tablet 95 WANEP Same Youssouf Issa 78 52 36 38 Youwarou WANEP Tablet Kassambara Same TIMBUKTU REGION Timbuktu Abdoulaye Will 76 10 18 33 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Bourem Inaly Mahamar Haidara 66 54 38 28 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Bourem Inaly Mahamad Touré 93 70 78 13 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Timbuktu Salma Barka 76 0 236 00 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Timbuktu Moulaye I Haidara 79 15 13 89 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Timbuktu Dad Moulaye 66 77 62 60 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Bourem Inaly Abdoulaye Maiga 69 80 02 17 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps WANEP through Tell The Girl 79 3711 12 WANEP Tablet Watsapp 79 02 58 80/97 97 42 Timbuktu Fodé Barry Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN 71 Abdel Kader 75 46 50 47/69 50 52 Timbuktu Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN Djeinamm 25 76 45 42 59/66 24 90 Tell Sidi Dicko Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN 77 Albatrou Ousmane 71 5146 71/66 91 37 Tell Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN Traoré 21 REGION DE GAO Bourem Moussa MAÏGA 79 30 19 51 WANEP Tablet Wanep Bourem Ayatoudé Mohamed 96 38 32 30 WANEP Tablet Wanep Moussa Omorou 93 70 68 38 Tablet Soni Ali Ber Maiga Mercy Corps Mercy Corps Almeimoune 93 70 68 32 Tablet Soni Ali Ber Abdourhamane Mercy Corps Mercy Corps Abdoul Aziz 93 70 68 15 Tablet Soni Ali Ber Hamilton Mercy Corps Mercy Corps Gao Tammy 76185187 WANEP Telephone WANEP
Ibrahim Hamilton 79070418 Telephone Gao Touré WANEP WANEP Alhousseini Ould 76012965 Telephone Gao Mohamed WANEP WANEP Gao Abdoulback T Touré 62321663 WANEP Telephone WANEP Gao Sangaré Abdoulaye 76172724 WANEP Telephone WANEP Ouatagouna Seydou Maiga 93707070 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Idrissa Hamilton 93707003 Telephone Ouatagouna Maiga Mercy Corps Mercy Corps Ouatagouna Abdoul Aziz Diallo 93707013 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Mohamed Larry 93706991 /64261788 Telephone Tessit Cissé Mercy Corps Mercy Corps Mohamed Ag 93706598 Telephone Tessit Agaiwara Mercy Corps Mercy Corps Atayoub Ould 93706976 Telephone Tessit Mohamed Mercy Corps Mercy Corps Ansongo Youssafa Moussa 93706860 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps Abdourahamane 93706855 Telephone Ansongo Moussa Maiga Mercy Corps Mercy Corps Ansongo Abdoul Nasser Maiga 93706862 Mercy Corps Telephone Mercy Corps 74 42 52 06/68 62 90 Gao Allied Case Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN 72 Gao Haidara Sambaré 75 45 75 62 Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN 74 11 78 06/98 45 99 Gao Soumana Issouf Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN 36 Gao Cissé Abdoul Aziz 76 20 48 82 Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN REGION DE MENAKA Mohamed Ag 74 14 25 29/69 81 99 Ménaka Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN Albachar 56 79 42 52 83/98 48 81 Ménaka Sidi Rhelly Think Peace Telephone Platform MAIN 10 KIDAL REGION Wanep through Kidal Sidi Ag, 78 43 51 98 WANEP Telephone watsapp
ANNEXIV: STATUS OF THE PDSEC
General Region Circle Common Status of Status of PDESC PDESC (Source DGCT) (source PS&R) Centre Mopti Bandiagara Bandiagara Valid Valid Centre Mopti Bankass Bankass Valid Valid Centre Mopti Bankass Ouonkoro Valid Valid Centre Mopti Bankass Follows Valid Valid Centre Mopti Djenné Djenné Valid Valid Centre Mopti Djenné Togué-Mourari Not available Valid Centre Mopti Douentza Douentza Valid Valid Centre Mopti Chorus Dinangourou Expired Expired Centre Mopti Chorus Dioungani Expired Expired Centre Mopti Chorus Chorus Valid Valid Centre Mopti Mopti Riding Valid Valid Centre Mopti Mopti Mopti Valid Valid Centre Mopti Ténenkou Ténenkou Valid Valid Centre Mopti Youwarou Youwarou Valid Valid Centre Segou Millstone Millstone Valid Valid Centre Segou Millstone Visible Expired Expired Centre Segou Millstone Tongué Not available Valid Centre Segou Niono Diabaly Valid Valid Centre Segou Niono Niono Valid Valid Centre Segou Segou Segou Valid Valid Centre Segou Segou Pelengana Valid Valid Centre Segou Segou Markala Valid Valid North Gao Ansongo Ansongo Valid Valid North Gao Ansongo Tessit Not available Valid North Gao Asongo Ouattagouna Not available Valid North Gao Bourem Bourem Valid Valid North Gao Bourem Tarkint Not available Valid North Gao Bourem Bamba Valid Valid North Gao Gao Gao Valid Valid North Gao Gao Soni Aliber Valid Valid North Kidal Kidal Kidal Not available Not available North Kidal Kidal Essouk Not available Not available North Kidal Kidal Anefif Not available Not available North Kidal Tessalit Tessalit Not available Not available North Ménaka Andéramboukane Andéramboukane Not available Valid North Ménaka Tidermène Alata Not available Not available North Ménaka Ménaka Ménaka Not available Valid North Taoudénit N/A * Salam N/A N/A North Taoudénit Bou-Djebeha Agouni Not available Valid North Taoudénit Taoudénit Taoudénit N/A N/A North Timbuktu Dire Dire Valid Valid North Timbuktu Goundam Goundam Valid Valid North Timbuktu Niafunké Soboundou Valid Valid North Timbuktu Timbuktu Bourem Inaly Valid Valid North Timbuktu Timbuktu Timbuktu Valid North Timbuktu Timbuktu About Not available
ANNEX V
CLASSIFICATION OF PS&R COMMUNES
Score Status Score Status Region Circle Commune Community Coordinator 02/10/18 (02/10/18) 31/12/18 31/12/18
Mopti Bandiagara Bandiagara 24 Resilient Resilient Kalifa Boloba 22
Mopti Bankass Bankass 20 Resilient Buffer Hamadoun Sicki 17
Mopti Bankass Ouonkoro 13 Buffer Buffer Hamadoun Sicki 13
Mopti Bankass Segue 16 Buffer Buffer Hamadoun Sicki 16
Mopti Djenné Djenné 16 Buffer Buffer Thierno M. Diallo 16
Mopti Djenné Togué-Mourari 9 Conflict Conflict Thierno M. Diallo 9
Mopti Douentza Douentza 9 Conflict Buffer Thierno M. Diallo 18
Mopti Koro Dinangourou 9 Conflict Conflict Hamadoun Sicki 9
Mopti Koro Dioungani 9 Conflict Conflict Hamadoun Sicki 9
Mopti Koro Koro 20 Resilient Resilient Hamadoun Sicki 20
Mopti Mopti Konna 19 Resilient Buffer Thierno M. Diallo 17
Mopti Mopti Mopti 14 Buffer Buffer Thierno M. Diallo 14
Mopti Ténenkou Ténenkou 9 Conflict Buffer Kalifa Boloba 11
Mopti Youwarou Youwarou 9 Conflict Buffer Kalifa Boloba 12
Ségou Macina Macina 9 Conflict Buffer Paul Traore 16
Ségou Macina Matomo 9 Conflict Conflict Paul Traore 9
Ségou Macina Tongué 9 Conflict Conflict Paul Traore 9
Ségou Niono Diabaly 9 Conflict Buffer Sira Sissoko 10
Ségou Niono Niono 9 Conflict Resilient Sira Sissoko 22
Ségou Ségou Ségou 24 Resilient Resilient Sira Sissoko 25
Ségou Ségou Pelengana 24 Resilient Resilient Sira Sissoko 25
Ségou Ségou Markala 22 Resilient Resilient Paul Traore 22
Gao Ansongo Ansongo Conflict Buffer Abdourhamane Amadou 9 18
Gao Ansongo Tessit Conflict Conflict Abdourhamane Amadou 9 9
Gao Steeve Ouattagouna Conflict Conflict Abdourhamane Amadou 9 9
Gao Bourem Bourem Buffer Buffer Mama Youssouf Maiga 13 15
Gao Bourem Tarkint Conflict Conflict Mama Youssouf Maiga 9 9
Gao Bourem Bamba Buffer Buffer Mama Youssouf Maiga 12 14
Gao Gao Gao Buffer Buffer Abdourhamane Amadou 18 18
Gao Gao Sony Aliber Buffer Buffer Mama Youssouf Maiga 18 18
Kidal Kidal Kidal Conflict Conflict Hamdi Ag Oufene 9 9
Kidal Kidal Essouk Conflict Conflict Hamdi Ag Oufene 9 9
Kidal Kidal Anéfif Conflict Conflict Hamdi Ag Oufene 9 9
Kidal Tessalit Tessalit Conflict Conflict Hamdi Ag Oufene 9 9
Ménaka Andéramboukane Andéramboukane Conflict Conflict Moussa AG Almorzock 9 9
Ménaka Tidermène Alata Conflict Conflict Moussa AG Almorzock 9 9
Ménaka Ménaka Ménaka Conflict Conflict Moussa AG Almorzock 9 9 Taoudénit n/a * Salam FALSE FALSE Aly Ould
Taoudénit Bou-Djebeha Agouni Conflict Conflict AlyOuld 9 9 Taoudénit Taoudénit Taoudénni FALSE FALSE AlyOuld
Timbuktu Diré Diré Buffer Buffer Diallo AbdoulayeAly 15 15
Timbuktu Goundam Goundam Buffer Buffer Diallo AbdoulayeAly 14 14
Timbuktu Niafunké Soboundou Buffer Buffer Diallo AbdoulayeAly 14 14 Mohamed Aboubacrine Ag Timbuktu Timbuktu BouremInaly Buffer Buffer 15 15 Ansari Mohamed Aboubacrine Ag Timbuktu Timbuktu Timbuktu Buffer Buffer 17 17 Ansari Mohamed Aboubacrine Ag Timbuktu Timbuktu Ber Conflict Conflict 9 9 Ansari
Annex VI : Maps of incidents per region
Mopti
Circle of Youwarou: strong presence of radical groups. Axis Youwarou-kadial- Circle of Douentza: presence of radical Dialloubé-Mopti: to avoid. Youwarou-Mopti groups and social conflicts. Axis axis: possible by river Douentza-Konna-Sévaré: to avoid. Axis Douentza-Boni-Mondoro-Dalla- Hombori: to avoid. Axis Douentza- Bandiagara: Possible
Circle of Mopti: Circle of Téninkou: presence of radical presence of radical groups, groups, average Axis Téninkou-Penga- crime. Mopti Axis- Circle of Koro: Inter-Community Diafarabé-Kouakourou- Somadougou- Mopti: Possible by river conflicts and presence of radical SOFAA-San- groups, high crime. Axis Koro- Ségou: Possible Bankass-Bandiagara-Sévaré: Possible. Koro PS&R communes axis: subject to approval
Crcle de Djenné: Area of intercommunal conflict, presence of Kouakourou radicals. Circle of Bankass Circle: inter- Axis Djenné-Sofaa- Bandiagara: communal conflicts Somadougou-Sio- social conflicts, (Kani, Segué, Mopti: Possible. Axis presence of Diallassagou, Bam...). Djenné-Macina: To radical groups. Bankass Axis- avoid Axis Bandiagara-Sévaré, Bandiagara- Bankass-Koro : Possible. Bankass-Koro, Bankass Axis-Communes Axis subject to approval Bandiagara- Douentza: Possible
Segou
Niono : high crime, presence of radicals and Macina: high crime rate, social conflicts, FAMAS. Axis Niono-Diabaly-Sokolo: on subject to attacks by radical groups. Axis Macina- approval. Axe-Séribala-Markala: Possible Matomo: on authorization. Axis Macina- Markala-Ségou: Possible. Axis Macina- Dia-Diafarabé-Téninkou: on authorization. Axe Macina-Djenné: On authorization
Segou: crime, robbery and burglary, social unrest. Ségou Axis-Markala- Macina-Téninkou Possible. Axis Tominian : crime, Ségou-Markala-Denyo-Diabaly: on presence of radical authorisation groups. Axis Tominian- Bla: crime, presence San ; Axis Tominian- of radical groups. Sofara-Sévaré Possible Axis Bla-Ségou- Bamako; Axis Bla- San-Sio-Sévaré: Possible
San : Average crime, presence of radical groups axis San-Bla-Ségou: Possible. Axis San-SOFAA- Baraouli: crime. Axis Baraouli- Ségou-Bamako: Possible Sio-Sévaré: Possible
Timbuktu
Circle of Timbuktu: presence of traffickers, rear base Cercle de Goundam: Axis Goundam- of radical groups, stronghold of banditry. Timbuktu – Timbuktu: Recurrent robbery on the Alafia: Presence of bandits, Timbuktu-Bambara axes with burglary in Goundam City, Maoudé: to avoid. Timbuktu-Goundam axis: by river. presence of radical groups (Tonka), Timbuktu-Rharous axis: on authorization
Circle of Diré: crime on the. Axe Diré-Goundam: on authorization. Diré-N'Gouma-Douentza axis: To Circle of Gourma Rharous: crime: robbery, murder, avoid attacks. Axis Rharous-Gossi, axis: Rharous- Inadiatafane: to avoid. Rharous axis-Gossi- Hombori: On authorization
Circle of Niafunké: presence of radical groups, crime. Axis Niafunké-Dianke- Léré: To avoid/axis Niafunké-Saraféré- Korientzé-Konna: On authorization
Gao
Circle of Bourem: crime, robbery, murders and assaults on the axes. Axe Bourem-Témera- Bamba: on authorization. Axis Bourem-Tarkint- Almoustrat: on authorization. Axe Bourem- Taboye-Gao: On authorization
Circle of Alsongo: Crime attacks Tinhamma-Talataye axis: to avoid. Axis Gao Circle: Crime, robbery, presence of radical groups in Alsongo-Tassiga-Ouatagouna-Labezanga: northern and western part. Gao-Alsongo axis: on on authorization. Alsongo-Tesse Axis: authorisation and/or information. Gao-N'Tillit axis: Possible Possible. Axis Gao-Intahaka-Anchawadj: on authorisation
Kidal
Circle of Abeibara: crime, presence of forces Barkhane Circle de Tessalit: Presence of and Minusma, presence of MINUSMA, Barkhane and radical groups. Axis security forces. Axis Tessalit- Abeibara-Kidal, Abeibara- Kidal: on authorization. Axis Tin Essako, Axis Abeibara- TessAlit-Abeibara: On Tessalit: On authorization authorization
Circle of Tin Essako: crime; presence of radical groups. Axis Tin Essako-Abeibara, Tin Essako-Kidal: On authorization
Cercle de Kidal: crime; presence of radical groups. Recurrent attacks of the jihadists against the Minusma and on the axes of the circle. IED in the city. Axis Kidal-Tessalit: to avoid. Axe Kidal-Abeibara, Kidal-Tin Essako: On Authorization
Ménaka
Circle of Tidermène: crime, presence of Circle of Inékar: crime and, presence of the CMA armed groups. Axis Tidermène- the armed group MSA. Axis Inékar- alata (Teguerert, Sehen): on authorization. Agazragane: on authorization. Axis Axe Tidermène-Tinamachine-Ikedewane- Inékar-Imraki-Indélimène: to avoid. Axis Chimame-Tinfadimata-Menaka: On Inékar-Imakra-Menaka: Possible authorization
Circle of Anderamboucane: Intercommunity conflicts; Circle of Menaka: crime; presence of presence of armed groups MSA-Gatia Axis FAMA, Minusma, Barkhane and Peace Anderamboucane-Ahmedzégrne-Menaka : Possible agreement signatory groups, MSA, Preeti, MAA. Axis Menaka-Imakra-Inékar: Possible. Axis Menaka-Anouzègrene- Anderamboucane: on authorization. Axis Menaka-Tinfadimata-alata: on authorisation