Doncaster Local Plan: Archaeological Scoping Assessment
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Doncaster Local Plan: Archaeological Scoping Assessment Allocation Reference:1051 Area (Ha): 1.29 Allocation Type: Housing NGR (centre): SE 5403 0876 Site Name: Fern Bank/Adwick Depot, Adwick Settlement: Adwick-le-Street/Woodlands Allocation Recommendations Archaeological significance of site Local Historic landscape significance Negligible Suitability of site for allocation Uncertain archaeological constraint Summary Within site Within buffer zone Scheduled Monument - 1 Listed Building - 4 SMR record/event 1 record 8 records/2events Cropmark/Lidar evidence No Yes Cartographic features of interest No Yes Estimated sub-surface disturbance Extensive n/a www.archeritage.co.uk Page 1 of 5 Doncaster Local Plan: Archaeological Scoping Assessment Allocation Reference: 1051 Area (Ha): 1.29 Allocation Type: Housing NGR (centre): SE 5403 0876 Site Name: Fern Bank/Adwick Depot, Adwick Settlement: Adwick-le-Street/Woodlands Site assessment Known assets/character: The SMR records one monument within the site, a late 17th-century barn and dovecote. Eight monuments and two events are recorded within the buffer. Immediately to the east of the site lies the possible medieval shrunken village of Adwick le Street/Bentley, which contains the site of a medieval moat. A little further to the southeast, post-medieval ridge and furrow has been recorded, though the area has since been built over. To the south of the site are the grade II* listed medieval church of St Lawrence, a medieval cross in the churchyard, which is a Scheduled Monument and grade II listed, and the site of Adwick Hall and garden. To the northeast of the site is a post-medieval corn mill, which is also grade II listed. The two events relate to recording during restoration of the corn mill. There is one Scheduled Monument within the buffer, the medieval cross in the churchyard of St Lawrence, noted above. Four listed buildings exist within the buffer. These comprise the grade II* church of St Lawrence, and grade II medieval cross and corn mill, noted above. Also within the church is a grade II listed Cholera memorial. One locally listed park is recorded in the southwest part of the buffer, Adwick Park, which is a municipal park previously forming the grounds of Adwick Hall. The Magnesian Limestone in South and West Yorkshire Aerial Photographic Mapping Project does not record any features within the site. Within the buffer, earthworks related to the medieval moat are recorded to the east of the site. Levelled post-medieval ridge and furrow is recorded throughout the buffer, particularly to the northwest, though in most cases this has been built over. Historic landfill data records an area of infilled ground to the north of the site at Mill Lane. Historic Environment Characterisation records the present character of the eastern half of the site as late 20th- century institutional buildings including a school and a council depot, with no legibility of the earlier strip enclosure landscape. The western half of the site is identified as residential, in an area which the 1854 OS map depicts a layout which may have developed as burgage plots along Village Street. There is probable fragmentary legibility of some older plot boundaries. Within the buffer, character areas comprise a variety of housing, industrial plots and schools. To the immediate east of the site are valley floor meadows, within the area of the possible deserted medieval settlement. There is fragmentary visibility of former landscape characters within the buffer, due to the concentration of modern development. The site currently comprises a developed area with brick and stone built barns and warehouse buildings, sea containers and concreted vehicle parking/loading areas. It is bounded on all sides by residential buildings. Cartographic/historic land use assessment: On the 1851 OS map the site comprises a series of strip fields and crofts associated with buildings located at the western side of the site, fronting onto Village Street and Mill Lane. The 1892 map depicted a T-shaped range of buildings at the northwest corner of the site, possibly barns, with two buildings to the south, one of which may have been a house, and an L-shaped probable barn range at the southwest corner. The fields in the southeast of the site had been amalgamated into a larger enclosure, with the southern part of the site being smaller enclosures, possible orchards and pasture fields. Between 1948 and 1955, a square building had been constructed at the northeast end of the site, fronting onto Mill Lane, shown as being enclosed within the current site boundary by 1961. At the western side of the site, the house and barns had been demolished and replaced with an occupation centre, and part of the northern range of barns had been modified, though the eastern end of the T-shape survived. By 1983 the northern part of the site was labelled council offices and council yard, and the occupation centre was marked Fernbank Special School, and had been extended to cover the eastern part of the site. Within the buffer, by 1854 a railway line had been constructed to the east of the site, with Adwick Mill located directly north of the site. The basic road pattern was established by this date, with the centre of the town focused www.archeritage.co.uk Page 2 of 5 Doncaster Local Plan: Archaeological Scoping Assessment around Village Street, which runs along the western boundary of the site. To the north of the site were fields, whilst to the south was the core of the town. Adwick Hall is marked on the 1854 map, but had been demolished by 1892. By 1966, the construction of houses had begun on Tenter Balk Lane, which by 1982 had expanded considerably northward. Survival: The site has been increasingly developed to the extent whereby the majority of the site contained buildings. A stone-built late 17th-century barn and dovecote survive in the northeast part of the site and are recorded as a heritage asset. It is probable that sub-surface deposits within the developed areas of the site have been truncated by the construction of buildings in the 20th century. Therefore, the potential for survival of archaeological deposits in the site is considered to be low, apart from within the yard area in the northern half, which has not been built over and has a moderate archaeological potential. The site is adjacent to a possible shrunken medieval village and it is possible that associated remains extend into the site. Further investigations: Further archaeological investigation may be required if the site is allocated for development. This should include an assessment of the significance of the standing historic barn and dovecote. Significance: The barn and dovecote could be considered to be of Local archaeological significance. Aerial Photographs& Lidar Summary: The 2002-2017 Google Earth aerial imagery showed the site as occupied by a range of buildings of different dates. The southern part of the site was occupied by school-type buildings, and a large Nissen-style hut is at the northeast corner of the site, with areas of tarmac hardstanding to the west. The northwest corner was occupied by smaller brick and stone buildings, at least one of which was shown in 1851. By 2018 a number of buildings relating to the former school in the southwest side of the site had been demolished. Street View shows a stone- built former barn and dovecote along the northern edge of the site towards the western end with an associated stone wall stretching further east and a later brick-built range to the west. Photograph references: Google Earth: 2002, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018. Street View 2011. LiDAR 2m DTM. Photos transcribed by the Magnesian Limestone Mapping Project: RAF/CPE/UK/1880 5076 06-Dec-1946; RAF/543/9F22 0082 19-Jun-1957; OS/92255 0072 20-Jul-1992. Statutory Designations Reference Name Designation/ Site? Buffer? ID Grade 1012935 Cross in the churchyard of St Laurence's Church, Adwick le Street SM Y 1151473 Church of St Laurence II* Y 1151474 Remains of Cross approximately 5 metres to south of porch of II Y Church of St Laurence 1151475 Cholera Memorial against east wall of Chancel of Church of St II Y Laurence 1314853 Mill building attached to Mill House and Tail rail tunnel arch II Y beneath Mill House www.archeritage.co.uk Page 3 of 5 Doncaster Local Plan: Archaeological Scoping Assessment SMR Record/event Reference Name Details Site? Buffer? ID 00383/01 St Lawrence's The church of St Lawrence shares Cantley's curious Y Church, Adwick le orientation, some 40 degrees to the north-east, and the Street surrounding field boundaries point in the same direction. There are four medieval cross slabs or fragments of slabs at the church; all with designs incised. It comprises a Norman nave and chancel with later medieval north aisle, chapel and west tower, all over-restored in 1862. Much restored Norman south door and remains of a window of the same date in the chancel. Most of the windows are Victorian. 00384/01 Medieval Renovated remains of churchyard cross. Y churchyard cross, Adwick-le-Street 00391/01 Medieval Moated Moat shown on the Tithe Commutation Map of 1884 - now a Y Site, Adwick Le barely discernible depression in an arable field. Street 02219/01 Post-Medieval Probably 1786 (date on house), altered. Rubble Magnesian Y Water Powered limestone. 3 storeys. Rear - to left of wing is a tail-race tunnel Corn Mill, Adwick- (passing beneath the house). Interior - wooden platform for 4 le-Street sets of stones mostly in situ. 1st floor - chamfered, heavy scantling beams. 2nd floor - pattern-book queen-post trusses.