A History of Archival Ideas Since 1898, and the Future Paradigm Shift
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The Discursive Construction of Archival Science: Conceptual Foundations of a Discipline in Construction
Thiago Henrique Bragato Barros and João Batista Ernesto de Moraes. 2011. The discursive construction of archival science: Conceptual foundations. In Smiraglia, Richard P., ed. Proceedings from North American Symposium on Knowledge Organization, Vol. 3. Toronto, Canada, pp. 196-206. Thiago Henrique Bragato Barros ([email protected]) and João Batista Ernesto de Moraes ([email protected]) Universidade Estadual Paulista, Marília SP Brazil The Discursive Construction of Archival Science: Conceptual Foundations of a Discipline in Construction Abstract: This work outlines a theoretical background established in Archival Science based mainly on discourse analysis as a key discipline to understand which the differences are and points of concep- tual commonality in the area. Uses the French Discourse Analysis as a principle with a theoretical and methodological framework to typify the archive as a discursive practice defined by their historical aspects of its institutional junctures. The study of discourse helps to understand how certain linguistic formations construct the discourse, concerned mainly with the context in which the text was pro- duced. This analysis take place from manuals and treatises of Archival Science produced during the development of discipline and regarded as grounds for discipline. We analyzed the Manual of an Arc- hival Arrangement and Description (vor Handleiding van het ordenen in bescheijven archieven) of Muller, Feith, and Fruin (Ed.1 1898). Another work considered is the Manual of Archive Administra- tion Including the Problems of War Archives and Archive a Making (1 Ed. 1922) and some of late works of Sir Hillary Jenkinson and finally analyzed the work of Theodore R. Schellenberg some as- pects of his vast bibliography. -
The Concept of Appraisal and Archival Theory
328 American Archivist / Vol. 57 / Spring 1994 Research Article Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/57/2/328/2748653/aarc_57_2_pu548273j5j1p816.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 The Concept of Appraisal and Archival Theory LUCIANA DURANTI Abstract: In the last decade, appraisal has become one of the central topics of archival literature. However, the approach to appraisal issues has been primarily methodological and practical. This article discusses the theoretical implications of appraisal as attribution of value to archives, and it bases its argument on the nature of archival material as defined by traditional archival theory. About the author: Luciana Duranti is associate professor in the Master of Archival Studies Pro- gram, School of Library, Archival, and Information Studies, at the University of British Columbia. Before leaving Italy for Canada in 1987, she was professor-researcher in the Special School for Archivists and Librarians at the University of Rome. She obtained that position in 1982, after having held archival and teaching posts in the State Archives of Rome and its School, and in the National Research Council. She earned a doctorate in arts from the University of Rome (1973) and graduate degrees in archival science and diplomatics and paleography from the University of Rome (1975) and the School of the State Archives of Rome (1979) respectively. The Concept of Appraisal and Archival Theory 329 Appraisal is the process of establishing the preceded by an exploration of the concept value of documents made or received in the of appraisal in the context of archival the- course of the conduct of affairs, qualifying ory, but only by a continuous reiteration of that value, and determining its duration. -
A Retrospective Bibliography
A Retrospective Bibliography Introduction This bibliography, which derives primarily from the archives course co-sponsored by the Archives Section of the Canadian Historical Association and the Public Archives of Canada, is being presented here in an attempt to cover a substantial portion of the published literature in the field of archives and auxiliary sciences. The editors are acutely aware that this bibliography includes material which is hopelessly obsolete, repetitious or of secondary importance; however, the task of selecting titles without the active participation of the Canadian archival community would have delayed the publication date beyond any reasonable expectation for a product needed now. It is hoped that when the "retrospective" portion of this bibliography has been printed, the concentration will be on filling obvious gaps and on providing current titles. For reasons of expediency, citations included in this bibliography carry a publication date no later than 1974. The only other significant limitation of the bibliography is one of language inasmuch as only works written in French or English have been included. The bibliography, which will appear in a number of issues ofArchivaria because of the length and depth of subject coverage, is presented in a broad subject arrangement. Each broad group is further divided into more specific subject categories. Within each subdivision, items are arranged alphabeti- cally by author or, in cases of anonymous works, by title. The arrangement used moves from general to specific, and finishes with peripheral matters, as follows: 132 ARCHIVARIA 1. General 1.1 Bibliography 1.2 Manuals and general works 1.3 Terminology 1.4 Laws, decrees, and constitution 1.5 Organization and administration 1.6 The profession and archival training 1.7 Archival history and international cooperation 2. -
Lisa Cant Final Draft of Senior Thesis Professor Senocak 04/12/2012
Lisa Cant Final Draft of Senior Thesis Professor Senocak C4997 04/12/2012 How the Preservation of Archives During WWII Led to a Radical Reformation of Strategic Intelligence Efforts Captured documents invariably furnish important and reliable information concerning the enemy which makes it possible to draw conclusions as to his organization, strength, and intentions and which may facilitate our war effort materially. -Captured German Order of the Day, as quoted in MIRS History.1 In 1943, in the midst of World War Two, the Allies established what was perhaps the most unusual and unexpected army unit of the war: the Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives army unit (MFA&A), created not so much to further the war effort but specifically to address the fate of culturally significant objects. The unit notably placed archivists and art specialists within advancing American and British army units.2 Drawn from existing army divisions these volunteers had as their mission the safeguarding of works of art, monumental buildings, and— more significantly for this study—archives, for the preserved archives ultimately produced intelligence that was valuable both to the ongoing war effort and for the post-war administration of Allied occupied Germany. In order to achieve their mission effectively, the embedded archivists had to be on the front lines, as this was where the most damage could be expected to happen. This was also incidentally where the freshest information could be found. This paper will focus on the archives, what they produced, and what happened to them once they were captured. Although the MFA&A division was initially created to find looted objects and protect culturally relevant material including archives, the Military Intelligence Research Section (MIRS), a joint British and American program, recognized the possible intelligence benefits that 1 AGAR-S doc. -
Western Theories of Appraisal - from Europe to America to the Perspective of an International Society
アーカイブズ18 ARCHIVES Western Theories of Appraisal - From Europe to America to the Perspective of an International Society by Steve Stuckey Assistant Director-General, Collection Preservation & Management National Archives of Australia Tokyo, November 15, 2004 The Canadian archivist and academic Terry Eastwood wrote in 1992: "No theoretical question is more perplexing for the archivist than what should be the basis of appraisal or evaluation of archives. For all the thinking, there is as yet no generally accepted theory of appraisal that could inform methodology and practice." It is indeed true that appraisal - or selection of archives - is one of the most controversial aspects of archives theory and practice. There are two opposite views about the very nature of an archives organisation. One view is that which says the role of the archivist begins at the time the agency that creates a record decides to transfer it to an archives. The other view states that it is a proper role for the archivist to participate actively in the selection process. Some who believe this say that this appraisal - this selection - is the single most important role of the archivist. The purpose of my session today is not to give the definitive answer to the question of which is the best way to select archives, although I will be expressing some personal views. I want to present the arguments from both sides, accepting that there are strongly held opinions each way. This is not helped by the fact that different terms have different meanings around the world! I want to mention various approaches to appraisal in Western archival theory and practice, including those in Europe, the United Kingdom, and North America. -
Annual Report 2011
Association of Canadian Archivists theBulletin Aug.-Sept.June 2008 2010 “Halifax at dusk”, Source: Jeremy Heil Association of Canadian Archivists Submissions, suggestions and any questions should be addressed to: I.S.S.N. 0709-4604 Editor: Loryl MacDonald, [email protected] Vol 34. No 4, Aug-Sept 2010 Submission deadlines for the Bulletins scheduled for the remainder P.O. Box 2596, Station D, of 2010: Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5W6 Tel: (613) 234-6977 Issue Submission deadline Fax: (613) 234-8500 Fall issue Sept 3 Email: [email protected] Winter issue Nov 9 The views expressed in the Bulletin are not necessarily those of the Penny Warne, Layout and Design Board of Directors of the Association of Canadian Archivists. [email protected] The Bulletin is usually published quarterly by the Association of Canadian Archivists. ACA Board Members President: Paul Banfield, [email protected] ACA Secretariat Vice President: Rod Carter, [email protected] Administrative Coordinator: Judy Laird Secretary-Treasurer: Michele Dale, [email protected] Executive Director: Duncan Grant Director at Large: Heather Pitcher, [email protected] Table of Contents Letter From the Editor ........................................................................................................................ 3 ACA News .............................................................................................................................................. 4 ACA 2010 – An Outstanding Conference ............................................................................................5 -
REVIEWS of BOOKS a Manual of Archive Administration by Hilary Jenkinson, Sometime Scholar of Pembroke College, and F
REVIEWS OF BOOKS A Manual of Archive Administration by Hilary Jenkinson, sometime scholar of Pembroke College, and F. W. Maitland lecturer in the University of Cambridge, reader in Diplomatic and English Archives in the University of London. New and revised edition. (London. Percy Lund, Humphries Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/1/1/23/2741538/aarc_1_1_ng261668302746x1.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 and Co., Ltd., 12 Bedford Square, W.C.I, 1937. Published in the United States by the H. W. Wilson Company, Publishers of Indexes and Reference Works, 950-972 University Avenue, New York, N.Y. $3.25.) An official of the Public Record Office in London, gratefully known by the numerous American students who have profited by his guidance, presents a revision of a book originally published in 1922. In his preface, the author lists a few of the world's outstanding developments in archive economy and archive activity since 1922, with American achievements set forth in a gratifying prominence. With the inspiration of this general forward movement upon him, Mr. Jenkinson has revised his former work to its very foundations. The peculiar force of Mr. Jenkinson's work is its subjectiveness. Through- out the book, he is thinking aloud as an archivist on his way through an archivist's problems. For that reason, any archive administrator capable of understanding the English language, even though he had not the faintest idea of what a "plea roll" looks like, may learn from Mr. Jenkinson the same logical approach to his own problems. For archives, Mr. -
Exploring Archival Value: an Axiological Approach Elaine Samantha Marston Penn UCL Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Degree
Exploring Archival Value: An Axiological Approach Elaine Samantha Marston Penn UCL Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of PhD in Information Studies – Archival Studies I, Elaine Samantha Marston Penn, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract The proposition of this thesis is to explore a key concept in archival theory and practice, namely the value of archives. The underlying principle is that by drawing upon ideas from outside of the archival discipline – from axiology – this concept can be examined in an innovative and reflective manner. The evaluation of archives is a core activity for archivists. Archivists make value judgements when they decide what to keep and what to destroy, and in how they choose to arrange and describe archives. However, although the term ‘value’ appears frequently in the professional archival literature, often linked with other qualifying terms, including ‘historical’, ‘evidential’, ‘legal’ and ‘informational’, these terms are contested, often ill-defined, and frequently misleading. This thesis critically examines the theoretical concepts behind such terms and their use within the archival profession. The application of Theory Derivation methodology, which employs analogy or metaphor to transpose and redefine a concept or theory from one context to another, enables the author to find new insight and explanations for archival value from the field of axiology (the study of value and value judgements). This thesis explores questions about what sort of property or characteristic of an object gives it value, whether having value is an objective or a subjective matter, and whether value can be measured. -
Accounting for Disposition: a Comparative Case Study Of
ACCOUNTING FOR DISPOSITION: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF APPRAISAL DOCUMENTATION AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION IN THE UNITED STATES, LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA, AND THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF AUSTRALIA by Jennifer Alycen Marshall B.S.L.S., Georgetown University, 1994 M.L.I.S., University of Pittsburgh, 1999 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Department of Library and Information Science of the School of Information Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2006 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Jennifer Alycen Marshall It was defended on December 20, 2006 and approved by Toni Carbo, Department of Library and Information Science Terry Cook, Department of History, University of Manitoba Ellen G. Detlefsen, Department of Library and Information Science Dissertation Director: Richard J. Cox, Department of Library and Information Science ii Copyright by Jennifer Alycen Marshall 2006 iii ACCOUNTING FOR DISPOSITION: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF APPRAISAL DOCUMENTATION AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION IN THE UNITED STATES, LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA, AND THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF AUSTRALIA Jennifer Alycen Marshall, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2006 Society delegates responsibility for the selection and preservation of records of continuing value to archivists. In accepting this charge, the archival profession enters into a relationship with society in which ensuring public trust through accounting to society for the responsible management of records becomes essential. For archivists to maintain this public trust and to be accountable for appraisal, they must create, maintain, and provide access to documentation of how this process is carried out and of why particular disposition decisions are reached. -
1 Convergence Or Collision? Archival Appraisal and the Expanded Role
Convergence or Collision? Archival Appraisal and the Expanded Role of Special Collections in the Research Library Tom Hyry, Florence Fearrington Librarian, Houghton Library and Director of Arts and Special Collections of the Harvard College Library.1 Paper delivered at The Transformation of Academic Library Collecting: A Symposium Inspired by Dan C. Hazen, October 21, 20162 INTRODUCTION The deadpan comedian Steven Wright has a joke I have always been fond of. “You can’t have everything. Where would you put it?” My role today is to give perspective from special collections and archives within the research library as we consider the future of library collections writ large. Although I work increasingly in a library context, my professional roots are as an archivist and as I have thought more and more about what I might contribute to our discussion that won’t be represented elsewhere, I have found myself returning to archival appraisal. I recognize that archival appraisal theory has not been a fashionable topic in the profession for at least the last 15 years and that there may be some misunderstanding and misconception about it, so I’m entering this territory with trepidation. But I will ask you to trust me as I venture into this valley, as I argue that archival appraisal theory can contribute to our thinking about research library collections as a whole in the era of the collective collection. We need to address the main concerns raised and confronted by archival appraisal as the research library pivots more directly toward special collections and archives, a trend I will also discuss at some length. -
Better Off Forgetting?
EDITED BY CHERYL AVERY AND MONA HOLMLUND Better Off Forgetting? Essays on Archives, Public Policy, and Collective Memory UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London ©University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2010 Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com Printed in Canada ISBN 978-1-4426-4167-9 (cloth) ISBN 978-1-4426-1080-4 (paper) Printed on acid-free, 100% post-consumer recycled paper with vegetable- based inks. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Better off forgetting?: essays on archives, public policy, and collective mem- ory/edited by Cheryl Avery and Mona Holmlund. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4426-4167-9 (bound). — ISBN 978-1-4426-1080-4 (pbk). 1. Archives — Canada. 2. Archives — Access control. 3. Digital preservation. 4. Public records — Management. I. Avery, Cheryl II. Holmlund, Mona CD3621.B47 2010 025.1714 C2010-902793-0 The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the University of Saskatchewan Publications Fund. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publish- ing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. Canada Council Conseil des Arts ONTARIO ARTS COUNCIL for the Arts du Canada iht CONSEIL DES ARTS DE L'ONTARIO University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for its publishing activities. -
"All Shook Up" the Archival Legacy of TERRY COOK
“ ALL SHOOK UP” The Archival Legacy of TERRY COOK Preview SAA “ ALL SHOOK UP” The Archival Legacy of TERRY COOK Preview EDITED BY TOM NESMITH, GREG BAK, SAAAND JOAN M. SCHWARTZ Association of Canadian Archivists ACA Association canadienne des archivistes Jointly published by Association of Canadian Archivists (archivists.ca) and Society of American Archivists (archivists.org) © 2020 by the Society of American Archivists. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 978-1-945246-30-2 (print) | eISBN: 978-1-945246-32-6 (pdf ) | eISBN: 978-1-945246-31-9 (ePub) Permissions “The Tyranny of the Medium: A Comment on ‘Total Archives’” by Terry Cook, originally published in Archivaria 9 (Winter 1979–80): 141–149. Reprinted courtesy of Association of Canadian Archivists. “From Information to Knowledge: An Intellectual Paradigm for Archives” by Terry Cook, originally published in Archivaria 19 (Winter 1984–85): 28–49. Reprinted courtesy of Association of Canadian Archivists. “Paper Trails: A Study in Northern Records and Northern Administration, 1898–1958” by Terry Cook, originally published in For Purposes of Dominion: Essays in Honour of Morris Zaslow, edited by K. S. Coates and W. R. Morrison (North York, ON: Captus Press Inc., 1989): 13–35. Reprinted courtesy of Captus Press Inc. “Mind over Matter: Towards a New Theory of Archival Appraisal” by Terry Cook, originally published in The Archival Imagination: Essays in Honour of Hugh A. Taylor, edited by Barbara L. Craig (Ottawa: Association of Canadian Archivists, 1992): 38–70. Reprinted courtesy of Association of Canadian Archivists. “The Concept of the Archival Fonds in the Post-Custodial Era: Theory, Problems and Solutions” by Terry Cook, originally published in Archivaria 35 (Spring 1993): 24–37.