Subject Index

absorptive nutrition 18,31,33,73, bitunicate 250,285,287,288 cilia (see flagel! um) 93,114 evanescent 42 clamp connections 336, 337 acervulus 245 inoperculate 261 classification xi, 6,12,20,21,31,32, aeroaquatic fungi 234, 339 operculate 261 68,69,78,86,93,99-103,106, aflatoxin 209,210 suboperculate 265 107,115,120,121,124,132, aleuriospore (see aleurioconidium) unitunicate 288 147-149,151,161,163,167, alkaloid 170 ascus type 271,272 185,186,189,190,228,236, ergot 224 asexual hybrids 222 265,266,268-273,288,297, al!ergen 332 asexual reproduction 46,48,63,77, 308,309,311,312 amoeboid cel! 150 114,122,147,179,182,204,226 cleistothecium 201,202,211,216, amoeboid movement 23 asexual species 250, 307 230,231,235,236,245,250 anaerobe 16,32,95,107,108 auxiliary cel! 129, 130 gymnothecium 206 anamorph 164,165,170,180-183, auxiliary hyphal structures 135 multiloculate 201 186,188,191-193,202,203,205, azygospore 75, 124-126, 134, 135 coenocyte 7,8 206,214,216,222,223,234,236, commensal fungi 147 238,243,245,247,249,258,264, basal body (see kinetosome) conidiogenesis 139,192,194,286, 268-271,273,286,292-294,299, beer 182 308-311,314,325 301, 303, 308 biochemical characters 5,59,61,62, blastic 191,204,233,292-294, anamorph-teleomorph connection 67, 147, 162, 169, 186, 192, 195, 296,299,303,310 234,264,308,314,315, 266,314 enteroblastic 234,238,247,249 317-320 biocontrol 42,94,118,138,149,182, holoblastic 234,238,240,243,245, anamorphic fungi 307 223,234,322,325 249,250 anamorphic holomorph 307 biogeography 40,41,74,116,117, phialidic 164,238,240,247,329, andromorph 329 226,319 332,334 antheridium 52,53,56 body plan 5,7-9,11,31,32,42,43, thallic 164,204,233,310 antibiotic 210, 322 45,56,62,63,66,67,73,78,96, conidioma 310,318,319,325,327 function 59 164,167,168,171-173,260, conidiophore 234,238, 310 aplanospore 46 268,284,288,289 biverticillate 206 aquatic hyphomycetes 258 brown rot 259 secondary 134 arthropod bryophilous associations 259 conidiosporangiophore 46, 48, 63 dispersal 222 budding 179,182-184,186,189,191, conidiosporangium 46, 48, 63 arthrospore 123,150,152,153,191, 194 conidium 48,66,122,133-135,192, 192 202,216,233,258,265,269, ascocarp 15,30,162-173,201,202, calcium oxalate 122 286,299,301,307 205,206,221,228,257,267, capilliconidium 134 aleurioconidium 203-205,234, 283,284,289-303 cel! division cycle 183 310,319 anatomy 260 cel!ulose (see cel! wall carbohydrates) ameroconidium 315,317,321, development 260 cell wall 5, 18,23,24,26,27,30,43, 322,324,327,329,331,338 types 262 61,62,82,98 arthroconidium 203-205,310, ascogenous hypha 239 carbohydrates 4,7-9,15,16,18, 318,336,337 ascogonium 162 19,23,25,32,42,43,45,58,59, blastoconidium 268,318,336, 337 ascoma (see ascocarp) 62,73, 118, 123, 126, 130, 151, chlamydospore 234 ascospore 18,162-165,167-173, 155,162,183,191 dictyoconidium 334 184,185, 189, 192, 194, centriole 15,32,77,82,83,102,103 didyomoconidium 324,327,338 204-206,231-233,236-241, centrosome (see spindle pole body) function 234 243-245,247,249,263,283, centrum 211,228,231,236,240 macroconidium 318,319 286-293,295,296,298-303 development 222, 228 microconidium 315,318,319,339 development 263,264 chitin (see cell wal! carbohydrates) phialoconidium 203, 204, 329 ascostroma 250, 284 chlamydospore 48,118,123,126, phragmoconidium 324,327,335, ascus 18,161-173,184,192,202, 130,326 338 204,211,231,236,238-240, chloroplast 4, 30 sigmoidal 338 243,244-246,249,250,257, choanoflagellate tentacles 26 tetraradiate 338 263,265,266,283,286,287, chromosome number 58, 66 connective tissue 4 289-291,293-303 chytridiaceous thallus 8 convergence (see homoplasy) 350 Subject Index coprophily 301 endoplasmic reticulum 4,31,76, genome size 19,32 cryopreservation 108 103, 105 germination 43-45 cultural characters 314,318,319, endospore 19,208 arthrospore 150 336 evolution xi, 15, 19,20,24,25,27, oospore 57, 58 culture collections 68, 138, 139, 195 31,60,93,98,108,139,214,215 zygospore 128 culture methods 67,68,74,78,108, angiosperm 60 germination shield 130 116,136,147,149,154,181 origin of Fungi 25, 27 glomalin 132 ballistospore discharge 273 excipulum 260 Golgi apparatus 15,16, 18,21,23, canopy plating isolation 138 exospore 19 24,45,49,75,155,157 cryopreservation 138, 154, 256 extrusomes 45 enrichment 180 exudate habitat 40, 128, 162, 172, 238, 240, slide culture 215 insect 288,289,292 241,245,247,259,288,289, steak plating 180 plant 180, 292 291,292,294-297 cyclosporin 325 aquatic 94, 106, 119, 147 cyst 43-45,50,81 fatty acid composition 140 coprophilous 114,121,129,258, resting 28 fermentation 162 284 cystidium 135 fertilization estuarine 94 cystospore 150 insect 225 fiower 180 cytology 260 fission 179,182-184,189,191,192 freshwater 41,66,74,87,88,180, fiagellar apparatus 75,76,78, 101, 222,225,258,284,338 database, Anateleo 234 102, 105 marine 66,74,87,94,106,147, DBV (see dense body vesicle) fiagellar root 102,106, 107 164,171,180,222,225,236, decomposer 95,96 fiagellum 4,9,13,14,16,18,21,22, 247,249,284 dense body vesicle 45,57,58,61,69 25-27,32,39,40,48-50,61,67, soi! 66 dermatophytes 207,208 73,75,76,82,100-102,105 terrestrial 74,87,88,94, 106, 114, destruxins 224 food products 118,129,147,163,164,180, diacetoxyscirpenol 224 Ang-khak 209 208,221,258,284,315,329 Dictionary of the Fungi 264, 283, cheese 209 hallucinogen 170 287,311,312 koji 209 halophytes 94 dictyosome (see Golgi apparatus) miso 209 hamathecium 236, 240 dikaryon 15,17,161,162 sake 209 Hartig net 209 dimorphism 207, 208 shoyu 209 haustorium 117 discharge apparatus 47,98,134 food spoilage 209 heterothallic fungi 53, 124, 184,205, discharge mechanism 231 form-taxon 311 226,265,299 diseases and infections 207 fossil fungi 108, 139, 155 heterotroph 9 aspergillosis 208 fossil record 31,60,78,86 heterotrophy 31,39 athlete's foot 208 fruit 162 homoplasy xi, 8,18,24,171,236, basidiobolomycosis 119 fruit rot 318 240,249,250 blastomycosis 207 fruit storage rots 116 homothallic fungi 53, 124, 135, 184, chalkbrood 207 fumonisins 224 205,226,265 choke disease 222 fungicolous associations 259 honey 162, 163 coccidioidomycosis 207 fungoid 8,9 hulle cells 202, 206 conidiobolomycosis 119 fusarins 224 human autoimmune virus (HIV) equine phycomycosis 42 224 ergotism 170, 224 gemma 48 hydrogenosome 18,105,107 histoplasmosis 207 gene sequences hymenium 204, 211 mucormycosis 119 mitochondrial 62, 73, 189 hypha 3,5,7,8,31,42,43,63,66, paracoccidioidomycosis 207 nuclear rRNA 16,17,24,25,28, 130,134,162,184 ringworm 208 31,60,73,162,169,171,179, hyphal body 48,134 rye-grass staggers 222 186,222,238,240,269 hypogeousfungi 164,168,169,213 sea-fan dieback 208 5S 121,157,191,192 tinea 208 18S 11,14,20,22,23,29,45,62, industry 216 ulcerative dermal necrosis 42 86,87,89,104,108,121,128, arbuscular mycorrhiza 118 Valley Fever (see 129,139,140,157,187,188, brewing 162,179,181 coccidioidomycosis) 191,192,212,214,215,266, chemical 181, 182 dispersal 48,74,121,149,224-226, 327,329,330 enzymes 210 234 25-28S 14,62,78,121,187,192 food 162,179,181,182 dormancy protein 24, 60 si!k 16 oospore 57 actin 14,23 Ingoldian fungi 318,338,339 dung 32,40,55,94,114,132,206, EF-1a 17,23,121 insect associations 180 258,284 hsp 70 17 interphase orotidine-5' -monophosphate chromatin 135,136 economic importance 41 decarboxylase 238 invertebrate associations 259 endobiont 82 RNA polymerase II 17 endophyte 284 tubulin 14,17,20,23,188 karyogamy 52,86 endophytic fungi 170, 222, 223, 226, genetic recombination 226 Karyotype 243,325,332 genetics 227 ultrastructural 87 Subject Index 351 keratinophilic fungi 207 ectotrophic 259 225,238,243,258,259,268, kinetosome 47-50, 52, 76, 102, ericoid 209,259,315 303,319,330,334,339 105-107 vesicular 60 rotifer 94 kinetosome props 102 mycotoxin 223,224,314,319, spider 224 kingdom 3-7,9, 13,30-32 322-324 tardigrade 98, 107 myelin-Iike configurations 45 vertebrate 94 lichenicolous associations 259 pebrine 16 Iichenized fungi 257-259,265-267, nematophagous fungi 259, 338 penicillin 210 270-272 nomenclature xi, 16,33,308 peridium 130,202,204,205,211, life cycle 42,51, 84, 89, 99, 132, 151, nuclear cap 106 240 162,225,226,308 nuclear division 5,43, 58 perithecium 221,228,236-241, life form (see body plan) cruciform 81-83 243-247,249 light microscopic characters 87,98, noncruciform 85 ontogeny 235,236 125,132,135,147,185,228, nuclear envelope 77 reduction 235,250 266,288-303,311,314,335 nucleic acid sequences 14,21,61-63, peroxisome 4, 5, 16, 18, 30, 32 lipids 264 78, 162, 163, 168, 169, 206, 207, phagotrophy 4,5,22,23, 30, 31 LSD (see Iysergic acid diethylamine) 216,226,228,235,249,250,271 pharmaceuticals 210 Iysergic acid diethylamine 170 nucleolus 83 phialide 203, 204, 234 Iysine biosynthetic pathway 4,59, nucleus 4, 105, 106 photosynthesis 31 78 nucleus associated organelle (see phylogeny 3-5,11, 14, 15, 17,20,28, a-amino adipic acid (AAA) 13, spindle pole body) 29,59,60,68,69,73,78,86,87, 14 nutriocyte 204 89, 120, 129, 136, 137, 140, diaminopimelic acid (DAP) 13, nutrition 41,58,63,66,78,116,120, 155-157,167,179,187,212, 25 129, 162, 163, 185, 186 221,222,228,235,238,250 molecular 211,213,214 mating system 184 occurrence and distribution 94 monophyletic xi mazedium 267 ochratoxin 210 phenetic xi medulla 260 oidium 336 plasmodesmata 99 meiosis 4,40,51,57,58,62,85, oogonium 52,53,55,63,66 plasmodium 82, 83 161-163,184 oosphere 52, 56 development 84 merosporangium 122, 123,126,127, oospore 52,53,56-58,62,63,66,67 sporangial 85 129 operculate discomycetes 272 sporogenic 85 metabolism 206 operculum 98 transitional nucleus 85 anaerobic 41 ossiform cells 205 transitional stage 84 microbody-Iipid globule complex plastid 3-5,9, 31 101-103,106,107 papilla 55,66 plastid loss 25,30, 31, 33, 60 microconidium 265 discharge 85, 96-98 pleomorphic fungi 307 mitochondrial DNA 59 paraphyletic taxa 21 polar capsule 16 mitochondrion 4,5,14, 16, 18,30, parasitic reduction 17 polar tube 18 32,60,102,107 pathogen 63 pollen 163 cristae 13,22-24,45,59,61,62 alga 41,42,63,67,74,96,119, polyphosphate storage 45 mitosis 4, 15, 17, 51, 62, 76, 83, 103, 133,258 pycnidium 268,269,271,301,329, 136, 183, 195 angiosperm 42,66,169-171,193, 334 mitosporic species (see asexual 194,271,317,318,320 species) animal 5,9,16,17,22,30,33,41, recombinant DNA 181 mitotic fungi (see asexual species) 42,63,67,113,114,118,119, rhexolytic secession 204 mitotic genera 214 121,162,164,180,207,208, rhizoid 26-28,43,96-98,135 MLC (see microbody-lipid globule 216,222,224,238,240,258, rhizomycelium 98 complex) 330,337 Rohr 82 model systems 227 arachnid 325 root 88,95 molecular clock 215 arthropod 224 rootrot 319,326,329,336 morphological variation 96 bryophyte 259 rumen fungi 95,107 morphology 42,43,46,62,73,78, conifer 273 rumposome 102, 103, 105-107 82,93,96-98,106,120,125, crusta ce an 24 129,130,132,162,164,237, fern 119, 133, 193 sagenogenetosome 22,24 239,241,243,244,260,285, gymnosperm 240 saprobe 32,40,63,74,75,94-96, 308,311,314,319,320 human 16,114,119,181,208,224, 113,114,121,206,207,226 mutualistic fungi 259 314,315,327,330,332 saprotrophy 163,164,167-173,180, mycoparasite 63,67,113, 1l7, 119, insect 19,94,96,106,114,119, 182,193,268,272,273,283, 121,125,128,164,170,206, 133,207,224,250,325 284,301,303,323,329,332, 222,223,226,249,284,322,325 invertabrate 94,117,119,133 338,339 mycorrhiza 132, 138, 139, 164, 168, mushroom 117,119,223 scales 24 209,213,259,273 nematode 325,337,338 sclerotium 170,204,260, 3l7, 318, arbuscular 114,118,129,130,132 oomycete 24 335,336 d-strain type 259 plant 24,32,41,67,75,81,87,94, secondary metabolites 60 ectomycorrhiza 114,118, 128, 168, 95,.107,113,116,162,164,180, sept al pore 162 209,213,216 182,207,208,216,222,223, septal pore apparatus 337 352 Subject Index septum 15,43,49,99,128-130,149, 181,193,318 trophic state 4,5,15,30,41,74,75, 155,157,162,184,264 wall 130, 132 114,164,284 dolipore (see sept al pore spore balls 204 apparatus) sporidiola 250 ultrastructural characters 5,14,15, seta 247 sporodochium 226 18,45,61,62,75-78,82,86,89, sex hormone 53 sporosorus 81,82,84,87 98,99,101-107,125,132,147, antheridiol 53 Stachel 82 154,161 162,171, 186, 195, sexual developement sterol 53,55,57,59,60,140 261,263,264,266,272,311 336 lysigenous 213 stroma 165, 169, 170, 173, 201, 202, sexual reproduction 18,40,46,51, 204,228,237,240,241,243, vascular wilt 329 52,56,59,62,77,86,99,107, 260,265,268,292,297,299, virus 75 134, 135, 151, 163, 184, 191, 301,311,325,329 vector 88 204,205,226-228,265 substrate 284, 299 transmission 81, 87, 95 soft drink 182 symbionts 113,147 vomitoxin 224 soy sauce 182 synanamorph 308 SPB (see spindle pole body) synaptonemal complex 85,87 water activity 206, 209 species concept 107,314 systematics 62,68,69, 135 wine 182 biological 86 history xi, 13,53,61,78,100,104, wood decay 322, 327 spermatium 265,299,301,307,318, 120,148,165,172,191,211, wood rot 335 329,334 265,286-288,308,309 Woronin body 162,163,264 spherulin 207 phylogenetic xi, 14, 189-194,211, spindle pole body 15, 17,32, 135, 266,267,270,311,312 xerophilic fungi 209,216 183 Spitzenkărper 8, 15 taxonomie hypotheses 61,169-171, yeast cell 124, 126, 303 spoilage 182,327,334 179,273 yeast-like fungi 179,187, 189 sporangiolum 122, 123, 126, 127 teleomorph 164, 182, 192, 202, sporangiosorus 85 236,243,258,264,268,269, zearalenone 224 sporangiospore 122, 150, 152, 153 286 zooflagellate 8 sporangium 46,66,81,85,96-98, thallus form (see body plan) zoosporangium 85 122, 123, 126 theca 26,27 zoospore 13,22,26,27,39,40,44, resistant 100 thermophilic fungi 207,216 46-50,58,61-63,66,67,73,75, spore 3,9,15,18,19,24,30,31,43, tholus 261 77,78,81,82,85,93,100,101, 47, 122, 132, 138 tip growth 8 105-107 nuclear number 130 transitional zone 102 zoospore cyst 97, 98, 105, 107 polar tube 16 trichospore 19, 150, 152, 153, 155 zygosporangium 124 resting 21,28,77,81,82,84,85, extrusion 154 zygospore 113,118,124,126-128, 87,88,96-98,100,134,135, trichothecenes 224 134, 135, 147, 154 Biosystematic Index

Absidia 114,115, 119,120 brown 13,25,74 Anisolpidiaceae 73, 78 glauca 139 chlorarachnean 24, 32 Anisolpidiales 40 parracida 117, 119 chlorophyte 269 Anisolpidium 74,77 Absidiaceae 120 chromophyte 39 ectocarpii 74,77 Acanthamoeba 24 chrysophyte 13, 25 rosenvingii 74 Acanthoecidae 28 eustigmatophyte 13 saprobium 75 Acanthoecopsis 28 green 24, 167 sphacellarum 74 Acanthonitschkia 246 haptophyte 25 ant 224 Acarosporineae 271 heterokont 73,76,78,79 Antennulariellaceae 293 Acaulopage 115 ochrophyte 25,31 Anthostomella 243 Acaulospora 115, 128, 129 pedinellid 13 Antromycopsis 336 lacunosa 130 raphidophyte 13 macrocarpa 337 spinosa 130 red 17,94,171,247 Anxiella 235 Acaulosporaceae 115 silicoflagellate 13 Aphanoascus 202 Acer 169 xanthophyte 13, 25 Aphanodictyon 47,52,65 Aceraceae 162 Allantomyces 148,153 papillatum 65 Acerviclypeatus 240 Allochytridium 98, 106 Aphanomyces 41,42,65 Achlya 44,47,48,52,57-59,64 Allomyces 21,98-100,104,108 astaci 42 bisexualis 49 Allomycetes xiii, 6, 14, 15,20-22, stellatus 55,65 prolifera 40, 64 32 Aphanomycopsis 65 radiosa 55 Allomycotina 6 bacillariacearum 65 recurva 55 Alternaria 308,313,334 aphid 114,325 Achlyogetonaceae 98 alterna ta 335 Aphididae 114 Aciculoconidium 190 Alveolata 12 Aphyllophorales 117,335,336 Acitheca 202 Amauroascopsis 202 Apiaceae 162, 193 Acrasida 12,24 Amauroascus 202 Apicomplexa 8 Acrasis 12 Amblyospora 6 Apinisia 202 Acremonium 223,234,236,313,318, Ambrosiella 223, 236 Apiocamarops 244 321,322 Ambrosiozyma 190 Apiognomonia 223,243 chrysogenum 322 Amerosporae 309 Apiosordaria 313 luzulae 321 amoeba 117,119,125 Apiospora 329 sect. Albo-lanosa 325 Amoebidiaceae 148,151 Aplanes 64 strictum 321 Amoebidiales 6,21,114,147-152, androgynus 64 Acrididae 114 155-157 Aplanopsis 46,52,65,66 Actinomucor 115 Amoebidium 148,149,151-154 spinosa 41 actinomycetes 5 parasiticum 147-151,154,155, terrestris 55,65 Adelococcaceae 295 157 Aplectosoma 115,119 Aegerita 339 amoeboflagellates 23 Apodachlya 44,57,59,65 agaric 170 Amoebophilus 115 brachynema 65 Agaricus 6 Amoebozoa 9, 12, 18, 23, 24, 33 pyrifera 45,55 Agropyron 95 Ampelomyces 264 Apodachlyella 51,56, 65 Agyriineae 271 Amphisphaeria 245 completa 65 Ajellomyces 202,205,208,214,215, Amphisphaeriaceae 245,319,326 Apodachlyellaceae 65, 66 315 Amphisphaeriales 225,243,244 Apophysomyces 115 capsulatus 207 Ancylistaceae 116, 135 Apusomonas 20 capsulatus var. duboisii 207 Ancylistes 116,119,121,133,135, Aqualinderella 41,45,58,64 dermatitidis 203,207 139 fermentans 64 Alacrinella 148 Andropogon 239 Aquamortierella 115 Albuginaceae 40,42,60,63,64 angiosperm 30,32,60,63,223,284 elegans 119 Albugo 41,48,60,64 Anguillospora 318,339 Arachniotus 202 candida 40,49, 64 Animalia 4, 15,22,23,30-32 Arachnomyces 202 Aleuria aurantia 264 Aniptodera 225 Arachnotheca 202 alga 3,8,30,40-42,61,63,74,88, Anisochytridiales 78, 100 Araiospora 64 94,164,167,284 Anisogramma 243 spinosa 64 354 Biosystematic Index

Archamoebae 18, 24 Asellariaceae 148,153 Basidiomycotina xii Archemycota xiii, 6, 8,14-16,21,28, Asellariales 6,147-153,155,157 Basidiophora 48, 64 32 Ashbya 182 entospora 64 Archezoa 16 Aspergillaceae 205 Basipetospora 202, 206 Archiascomycetes xii, 162, 187, 189, Aspergillus 6, 164, 202-210, bat 207 190, 191, 192 214-216,224,226,311,313-315, Bathyascus vermispora 249 armyworm 325 325 Batkoa 116 Arnaudiella 313 fiavus 204,208-210,226,315 Bdellospora 115 Arnium 225 jumigatus 208 bean 116 Arrhenosphaera 202, 204, 205 glaucus 308 Beauveria 325 Arthonia 6 nidulans 206 bee 166,204,207 radiata 291 niger 181,208-210 honey 16 Arthoniaceae 287,289 ochraceus 208 beech,southern 268 Arthoniales 166, 172, 173,268, oryzae 209-210,226 beetle 16,148,191,224,225,249 287-289,291 parasiticus 209,210 bark 225 arthopod 113 sojae 209 passalid 147,153 Arthopyreniaceae 301 subg. Circumdati 203,210 Benjaminiella 115, 123, 124 Arthrinium 329 subg. Fumigati 203, 207 poitrasii 124 Arthrobotrys 259,338 sydowii 208 Benua 64 musiformis 328 tamarii 209 kellermanii 64 Arthroderma 202,205,208 terreus 208 Bertia 247 Arthrodermataceae 202,205,214, Asteraceae 162,193 Bettsia 202,204,205,207 315 Asterids 60 Betulaceae 162 arthropod 16,18,41,148-150,164, Asterina delitescens 293 Bicoecea 25 170,171,222,224,238,249,250, Asterinaceae 292 bicoecid zooflagellates 13 259 Asterinales 166, 173, 287, 291, 293 Bifidocarpus 202 Arthrorhapidaceae 291 Asteromella 332 Bigyra xiii, 12, 25 Arundinula 148 Astreptonema 148 Bionectria 313 Arxiozyma 190 gammari 155 ochroleuca 322 Arxula 190, 191 Athelia 336 Bionectriaceae 237,238 Ascetospora 17 rolfsii 336 Bipolaris 313,334 Aschelminthes 61,67 Atkinsiella 65 bird 207 Ascobolaceae 264, 272 dubia 65 Bitunicatae 287 Ascobolus 265 Aureobasidium 179, 332 Biverticillium 203, 314 Ascocalvatia 202 pullulans 331,332 Bjerkandera 336 Ascochyta 334 Auriculariales 6 blackfly 42,119,147,154 Ascocorticiaceae 269 Austrosmittium 148,149,153,154 Blakeslea 115, 122, 125 Ascocoryne 270,318 Auxarthron 202,214 trispora 116, 126 Ascodesmataceae 272 Blastobotrys 190,191 Ascodichaenaceae 273 Babjevia 190 Blastocladia 101 Ascohymeniales 211,286,288 Bacillariophyceae 39 Blastocladiaceae 104, 107 Ascoidea 179,184,189,190 Bacillariophyta 61 Blastocladiales 6,9,93,99-101, Ascoideaceae 190 Backusella 115 103-107 Ascoideales 162 ctenidia 123, 126 Blastocystales 12 ascolocular fungi 288 bacteria 4, 30 Blastocystea 12 Ascoloculares 211,286,287 Baeomycetaceae 164, 169,269, Blastocystis 14,25,33 ascomycetes 4, 117, 336 270 Blastomyces 202,205,207 apothecial 257 bakers' mold 329 dermatitidis 315 Ascomycetes xii, xiii, 121, 161, 181, Balansia claviceps 239 Blastulidium 47,65 226 Balansieae 325 paedophthorum 65 Ascomycota xii, xiii, 6, 14, 15, 17, Ballocephala 116, 133, 134, 138 Blogiascospora marginata 244 20-22,28,32,39,89,108,128, verrucospora 157 bloodworm 152 140,161,263,286,307,312 Baltomyces 148,153 blue-staining fungi 171 Ascomycotina xii bamboo 258 Blumeria 269,318 Ascorhiza 202,214 Basidiobolaceae 116, 134, 135 Bojamyces 148,153, 154 Ascorhizoctonia 312 Basidiobolales 114,116,121, 125, Boletales 117 Ascosphaera 202,204,205,207,212, 135, 140 bolete 170 213,215 Basidiobolus 6,114,116,119,121, Boletus 6 apis 202 128,133-136,138-140 Boliniaceae 232, 245 Ascosphaerales 163,201,202,204, ranarum 148 Bolomycetes xiii, 6 207,211-214,216 Basidiobotrys 243 Bombardia 225,246 Ascosphaeromycetes 163 basidiomycetes 4, 117, 181, 188, 193, Bondarzewiaceae 336 Ascotricha chartarum 243 250,318,335,338,339 Botryobasidium 337 Ascozonus 272 Basidiomycetes 162 Botryosphaeria 299 Asellaria 148,153 Basidiomycota xii, xiii, 6, 14, 15, rhodina 334 caulleryi 150 20,22,28,32,39,89,108,140, Botryosphaeriaceae 299 ligae 150,152,153 312 Botryotinia 313,317 Biosystematic Index 355

Botryozyma 190 Capnodiaceae 293 Chalara 213,236,247,326 Botrytis 313,317,318 Capnodiales 166, 173, 292-294 Charales 61 cinerea 317 Capnodium salicinum 294 Charophyta 61 Brachymyces 115 Capronia 215,216,332 chestnut 171 Brasiliomyces 318 borealis 297 chestnut blight fungus 227 Brassica 87,88 pilosella 215 Chinese cabbage 84 Bremia 64 carnation 319 Chiodectonaceae 289 lactucae 64 Carouxella 148, 153, 154 Chlamydoabsidia 115,122,125 Bremiella 64 scalaris 153 Chlamydomyzium 65 megasperma 64 Caryophyllales 60 anomalum 65 Brettanomyces 182,188,190 Catenariaceae 107 Chlorarachnea 30 Brevilegnia subclavata 65 Catenochytridium 97 Chloridium 247, 327 Brevilegniella 52,65 Catenochytrium 106 Chlorophyta 61,268 keratinophila 65 caterpillar 138 Chloroscypha 259 bromeliad 147 cattle 222 Choanephora 115 Broomella 245,326 Caudomyces 148,153,154 cucurbitarum 116 Brunneospora 202 Caudospora 6 Choanephoraceae 115,120,122- bryophyte 31,258 Caulochytrium 97,106 124 Bulbillomyces 339 Cavostelium 12 Choanoeca 26 Bulgaria inquinans 268 cellular slime mold 23,24 choanofiagellates 9,14,15,22,25, Bullera alba 187,195 Cenangium 270 27,32,108 Burenia 193 Cenococcum 206 Choanozoa 6,12,19,22,32,33 Buxtehudia 6 geophilum 329 choanozoan protozoa 5 Byssoascus 202,205,315 Centroceras clavulatum 94, 97 Chromelosporium 313 Byssochlamys 202, 206 Cephaloascaceae 190 carneum 317 Byssonectria 260 Cephaloascales 162 Chromista xii, xiii, 3, 4, 12, 13,23, Byssoonygena 202 Cephaloascus 179,189,190 25,30-33,73 fragrans 184 chromists 24 cabbage 81 Cephalosporium 313,322 Chromobiota 12 Caccobius 272 acremonium 322 Chromophyta 64 cactus 180 Cephalothecaceae 205,213 Chrysonilia 313,329 Cafeteria 25 Cerasus yedoensis 194 sitophila 333 Cainiaceae 245 Ceratocystiopsis pallidobrunneae Chrysophyceae 39 Caliciales 166,167,215,257,259, 241 chrysophytes 13,25 267,288 Ceratocystis 171, 189,213,223,225, Chrysorhiza 312 Calicium 6 227,230,235,238-240,326 Chrysosporium 202,203,205,247, Callitrichaceae 88 fagacearum 225 312,314,315,336 Callitriche 88 paradoxa 239 pannicola 316 Calocera 312,336 radicicola 239 Chrysothricaceae 291 Calonectria 223,237,313,320 Ceratomyces mirabilis 249 chytrid 13,14,26,61,73,93 Caloscypha 259 Ceratorhiza 312 Chytridiales 6,78,93,98-107,157 Calosphaeria fagi 244 Ceratosphaeria 225 Chytridiomycetes xii, xiii, 4, 6,14, Calosphaeriales 166,169,170,231, Ceratostomataceae 170 15,18,21,22,27,28,32,93,98, 235,245 Cercomonas 24 99, 157 Calyptralegnia 47,65 Cercophora 225,245-247,313,332 Chytridiomycota xii, xiii, 73, 74, achlyoides 65 caudata 246 77,78,89,93,99,100,136,139, Camarops 244 Cercozoa xiii, 12, 23, 24, 30, 32 140 Camillea 243 cereai 95,318 Chytridiopsis 6 heterostoma 243 Cerinomyces 312,336 Chytridium 97,100 lepreurii 243 Cerinosterus cyanescens 328 confervae 99 Camptobasidium 338 Ceriosporopsis calyptrata 249 olla 106 Candida 6, 190 Chadefaudia 247 polysiphoniae 94 albicans 181,187,195 polyporolithi 249 Chytriomyces 106 etchellsii 182 Chaetocladiaceae 115,116,120 hyalinus 100 famata 181 Chaetocladium 115,119,120,122,123 Ciliatomyces 65 glabrata 181 Chaetomiaceae 213,235,247 spectabilis 65 guilliermondii 181 Chaetomium 117, 121, 128, 225, 246 Circinella 115 krusei 180 tetrasporum 246 Circinomucor 115 psychrophila 180 Chaetomorpha 96 Citeromyces 190 slooffii 187 Chaetosartorya 202 Citrus 182 stellata 182 Chaetosphaeria 246,247,327,329 Cladobotryum 313,320,324 tropicalis 181 montana 246 cladoceran 154 versatilis 182 Chaetosphaeriaceae 171,247 Cladochytrium 96,106 Candidaceae 190 Chaetothyriaceae 173, 296 Cladonia 6 Capillidium 116 Chaetothyriales 166, 173,212,215, Cladoniineae 271 Capniomyces 148,153 216,287,295,297,303,313,327, Cladophialophora 332 stellatus 149, 152, 154, 157 330 Cladorrhinum 313,332 356 Biosystematic Index

Cladosporium 332, 337 Coniothyrium fuckelii 330 cyanobacteria 30, 121,270 cladosporioides 333 Conosa 12 Cyathus 6 Claussenomyces 313,318 Conotrema populorum 272 Cylindrocarpon 238,318-320 Clavaria 6 Cookellaceae 288 ianthothele 320 Claviceps 6,170,224,239,325 copepod 107 Cylindrocladiella 313 purpurea 226 Coprinus 6,312 lageniformis 320 Clavicipitaceae 188, 232, 236, 238 Copromyxa 12, 24 Cylindrocladium 313,318,320 Clavicipitales 166, 170, 222-224, Copromyxida 12 floridanum 320 228,230,232,236,238-240,272, coral 208 Cylindrotrichum 327 286,313,322 Corallochytrea 6, 12, 22, 32 Cyniclomyces 190 Clavispora 190 corallochytreans 22 guttulatus 180 Clonostachys 313,322 Corallochytrium 9, 12, 14, 22, 23 Cystopage 115 compactiuscula 323 Cordycepioideus bisporus 238 Cystosiphon 64 rosea 322 Cordyceps 224,322,325 pythioides 64 Closterium 96 corn 42,210 Cystotheca 318 c1ubroot of cab bage 81 Cornumyces 65 Cytarriales 257,259,263,274 Clypeosphaeria americana 244 Cornumyces destruens 65 Cytospora 241 Clypeosphaeriaceae 248 Corollospora 225 Cyttaria 169,268 Cnidosporidia 16 comata 249 Cyttariales 166,169 Coccidiascus 190 Coronophora 247 Cyttariella 268 Coccidioides 202,205,215,315 Coronophorales 213, 286 immitis 207, 208 Corticium radiosum 117,129 Dacampiaceae 299 Coccodiniaceae 296 Corynascus 312 lJacrymyces 312,336 Coccomyces 169 Coryne 318 Dacrymycetales 6 Cochliobolus 313 Corynelia uberata 289 lJactylella 338 Cochlonema 115 Coryneliaceae 288, 303 lJactylomyces 202 Cochlonemataceae 115,117,119, Coryneliales 166, 171, 172, 231, 288, lJaldinia 6, 243 125, 128 289 lJaphnia 150, 151 cocoa 41 cotton 182, 210 lJebaryomyces 182, 185, 190 Codinaea 329 Couchia 65 formicarius 187 Codosiga 28 circumplexa 65 hansenii 182, 184 Codosigidae 28 crab 147 occidentalis 180 Coelomomyces 94, 102, 104 Craspedomonadida 28 vanrlJl 187 Coelomomycetaceae 106 crawfish 74,75 decapod 153 Coelomomycetales 6,8,9, 18,23, crayfish 42 lJekkera 182, 188, 190 32 Crinula 318 lJelacroixia 116 Coelomycetes 307,311,329,331 Cristaspora 202 Dematiaceae 309 Coemansia 114,115,129 Cristidiscoidea 12, 22, 24 lJematophora 326 braziliensis 157 crookroot of watercress 81 lJendrodochium toxicum 324 reversa 129 Crucella 338 lJendrosphaera 202,206,215 coffee 182 Crustacea 61,67 lJendrostilbella 313,318 Cokeromyces 115, 119 crustacean 42, 148 lJensospora 115, 118, 128 recurvatus 119, 121, 124, 128 Cryphonectria 223, 243 Dermateaceae 259,269,318 Coleoptera 224, 325 parasitica 171,227 dermatophyte 315 Coleopteromyces 148,153,154 Crypticola 65 lJermea 318 collembola 148 clavulifera 49,65 Dermocystida 157 Colletotrichum 240, 329 Crypticolaceae 65, 67 lJermocystidium 12, 14 coccodes 330 Cryptococcus laurentii 182 desmid 119, 133, 135 gloeosporioides 329 neoformans 181 deuteromycetes 221,226,227,233, japonica 243 Cryptomycetaceae 273 312 colpodellids 24 Cryptophyta 13 Deuteromycotina 307,311 Completoria 116, 121, 133, 139 Cryptosphaeria 244 lJevelopayella 8, 25, 49, 60 complens 135 Cryptosporiopsis 318 Diademaceae 299 Completoriaceae 116,135 Ctenomyces 202, 205 lJiaphanoeca 28 Complexipes 312 cucumber 182 Diaporthales 166, 170, 171,213,221, Compositae 193 cucurbit 42, 95 223,225,235,240,243,286,329 Conferva lactea 40 Cucurbitaceae 116 lJiaporthe 223,235,239,243,329 Conidiobolus 114, 116, 119, 121, Cucurbitariaceae 299 lJiasporangium 64 133,138,139 Cudonia 266-270 jonesianum 64 coronatus 114 Cudoniella 338 diatom 13,31 thromboides 114 Cunninghamella 114,115,119,122 Diatrypaceae 170, 230, 235, 236, conifer 240, 273, 288 echinulata 126 244 Coniochaeta 246,247,313,327 Cunninghamellaceae 115 Diatrypales 166, 169, 231, 235, 243, Coniochaetaceae 247,327 Curvularia 313,334 244,326 Coniocybe 6 brachyspora 335 lJiatrype 235, 244 Coniothyrium 334 Cyanobacteria 168 Dicaryomycotera 161 Biosystematic Index 357

Dichlaena 202 Dothiorales 287 Enteromyces 148,153 Dichlaenoideae 206,214 downy mildew 41 Enteromycetes xiii, 6, 15,18,21 Dichobotrys 313 downy mildew of vines 40 Enteropogon 148,153 Dichotomocladium 115,123 Drechmeria 338 Entoleuca 243 Dichototomyces 202 Drechslera 313,334 Entomophaga 116,138 dicot 63 papendorii 335 Entomophthora 116,133,134 Dicranophora 115, 117, 119 Drosophila 180 Entomophthoraceae 116,133,134 fulva 117 Ducellieria 65 Entomophthorales 6,8,20,99,116, Dicranophoraceae 120 chodatii 65 120, 135, 157 Dictyochaeta 247,329 Ducellieriaceae 65, 66 Entophlyctis 106,108 fertilis 321 Dutch-elm disease 171 reticulospora 96 Dictyomycotina 6, 15,21 rhizina 96 Dictyosporae 309 Eccrina 148 variabilis 98, 99, 103 Dictyostelea 12,23,33 Eccrinaceae 148 Entrophospora 115, 129 Dictyostelia 12 Eccrinales 6,21,147-154,157 colombiana 130 Dictyostelida 24 Eccrinidus 148 Eomycota 5,6,15,30,32 Dictyostelium 12 Eccrinoides 148 Eozygomycetia 6 discoideum 23 Echinosporangium 115 Ephelis 325 Dictyozoa 86 transversale 136 Epichloe 188,228,231,239,325 Dictyuchus 64 Ectocarpus mitchellae 74 typhina 229 monosporus 64 siliculosus 74 Epidermophyton 202, 208 Didymella 334 Ectrogella 65 Epulorhiza 312 Didymosphaeria 303 bacillariacearum 65 equine 119 oblitescens 302 Ectrogellaceae 40, 65 Eremascus 202,204,205,212, Didymosphaeriaceae 303 Edyuillia 202 214-216 Didymosporae 309 Ejectosporus 148,153,154 Eremomycetaceae 295 Dikaryomycota xii Elaphomyces 168,202,206,209, Eremotheciaceae 182, 190 Dimargaris 115,117,120,129 213-216 Eremothecium 179,182, 190 bacillispora 127 Elaphomycetaceae 202,205,206, ashbyii 181,182 Dimargaritaceae 115 213 coryli 185 Dimargaritales 6,114-117,119-121, Elaphomycetales 166,168,213,258 cymbalariae 182 123-125, 127-129, 138,140, 155, Elina 74 gossypii 181,182 157 marisalba 74 sinecaudii 182 Dimeriaceae 301 sinorifica 74 ergot 325 dinofiagellates 31 Ellisomyces 115 Ericaceae 315 Dinozoa 12,24,33 anomalus 123 Erynia 116,119, 134, 135 Diplochytridium lagenaria 106 Ellobiopsea 12, 24 Eryniopsis 116 Diplococcium 247 Ellobiopsids 24, 33 Erysiphaceae 268 diplomonads 18 Ellobiopsis 12 Erysiphales 166,168,169,212,213, Dipodascaceae 190 Eisinoaceae 289 257,259,265,266,268,269,274, Dipodascales 162 Embellisia 313 313,318 Dipodascopsis 6,184, 190 Emericella 202,206,314 Erysiphe 6, 318 Dipodascus 179,190 nidulans 203,204,208,215,226 Erythrobasidiales 6 albidus 189 Emmonsia 202,312 Euantennariaceae 293 Dipsacomyces 115,129 Encephalitozoon 6 Euascomycetes xii, 21,189,190,211, acumino:,porus 157 Encoelia 270 287 Diptera 19,119,154 Endochytrium operculatum 108 Euascomycotina 6, 15 Discicrista ta 12 Endocochlus 115 Euasterids 60 Discinaceae 272 Endogonaceae 115,120,128 Euceratomycetaceae 249 Discomycetes xiii, 6,15,211,212, Endogonales 6,28, 114,115, euglenoid 13 257 118-121,125,127,128,136 Euglenozoa 20 discomycetes 168, 170, 228, 234, 286, Endogone 115, 128 Euglypha 24 317,318,326,336-339 pisiformis 118,127,128,136 Eukaryota 4 Discostroma 244 Endomyces 189 190 Eumycota xii, xiii, 39, 42, 99 Discula 223,241 decipiens 189,190 Eumyxa 12 Dispira 115, 117,120, 128, 129 scopularum 189,190 Eupenicillium 202,203,206,214,313 Disporotrichum 312 Endomycetaceae 190 subg. Aspergilloides 214 Dissophora 115 Endomycetales 162,189 subg. Furcatum 214 Dothidea 6 Endomycetes xiii, 6, 15, 21, 22 subg. Penicillium 214 puccinioides 295 Endosphaerium 65 Eurosids 60 Dothideaceae 294, 295 funiculatum 65 Eurotiaceae 205 Dothideales 165, 166, 172, 173,212, Endothia 243 Eurotiales 163,201,202,205, 287,293-295,298,301,329,331, Endoxyla 244 211-216,258,268,314 334 Englerulaceae 292 Eurotium 6, 202,205,206,209, 308, Dothiora 332 Enterobryus 148,153,155 314 Dothioraceae 294 Enterocytozoon 6 Euryancale 115 358 Biosystematic Index

Eurychasma 65,77 Geomycetes xiii, 6, 15, 28 Graphostromataceae 245 dicksonii 65 Geosiphon 6,28, 116, 136 grass 42,170,222,223,238,239,245, Eurychasmataceae 65 pyriforme 121, 136 325 Eurychasmidium 65 Geosiphonaceae 116 bahia 138 tumefaciens 65 Geosiphonales 114,116,125,136, grasshopper 114,138 Eurychasmopsis 45,47,51,56,65 140 gray mold 182 multisecunda 65 Geosmithia 202,214,313 groundnut (see peanut) Euterpe oleracea 223 Geotrichopsis 312,336 Guignardia 332, 334 Eutryblidiella sabina 172 Geotrichum 190,312,336 Gyalectaceae 269 Eutypa 244 Gibbago 313 Gyalectales 166,168,257,259 Eutypella 244 Gibberella 223,227,236,237,313, Gymnamoebia 12 Exophiala 331,332 319,325 Gymnascella 202 jeanselmei 331 fujikuroi 234,319 Gymnoascaceae 202,205,214 Exserohilum 313,334 Gigaspora 115,128,129,133 Gymnoascoideus 202 longirostratum 335 decipiens 133 Gymnoascus 202 eyespot disease 265 rosea 130 reessii 203 Gigasporaceae 115,132,140 gymnosperm 32,74,223,284 Fagaceae 162 Gigasporineae 118, 129, 130, 139 Gyromitra 168 Fagales 193 Gilbertella 115, 122 Fagus 243 persicaria 116,123,126 Haemosporidia 17 Femsjonia 312,336 Gilbertellaceae 115, 120, 122, 123 Haliphthoraceae 67 Fenestelaceae 303 Glaziella 128,258,272 Haliphthoros 65 Fennellia 202 aurantiaca 168 milfordensis 65 Fennellomyces 115 Glaziellaceae 168 Halodaphnea 42,65 fern 133,135,193,284 Glaziellales 258, 272 parasitica 65 Fibularhizoctonia 312 Gliocephalotrichum bulbilium 226 Halodule 88 Fibulomyces 338 Gliocladiopsis 313 Haloguignardia 249 Filobasidiella neoformans 181 Gliocladium 238,313,318,321-323 Halophila stipulacea 88 fish 40 penicillioides 322, 323 Halophytophthora 41,64 fly 114,225 roseum 322 vesicula 64 tabanid 133 Gliomastix 322 Halosarpheia 225 Fomes 6 Glomaceae 116 mediosetigera 249 Fomitopsis 337 Glomales 6,28,114,115,118, Halosphaeriaceae 249 Fonticula 12, 24 120-123,128,129,132, 136, Halosphaeriales 166, 171, 172,225, Fonticulida 12 138-140 236,249 frog 94 Glomerella 223, 240 Halteromyces 115 Fucophyceae 39 cingulata 229,240,241 Hamigera 202 Fungi xiii, 3-6, 8, 9, 13, 15,23,30--32 Glomineae 118, 123, 129, 132, 139 Hanseniaspora 182, 183, 190 Fungi Imperfecti 6,9,221,226,307, Glomomycetes xiii, 6, 15 Hansenula 189 311 Glomus 116,118,121,128,130,133, canadensis 187 Furculomyces 148,153 136, 139 minuta 187 boomerangus 149,157 caledonium 130 wingei 187 Furia 116,134 intraradice 130 Haplosporidia 16-18 Fusarium 223, 224, 234, 236, 238, mosseae 130 Haplotrichum 337 312,313,318,319 Glotzia 148,153 Haptoglossa 40,61 oxysporum 319 Glugea 6 Haptophyta 13 sambucinum 320 Gnomonia 225,243 Harpella 148,153 solani 319 Gnomoniaceae 235,243 melusinae 148 Gonapodyaceae 107 Harpellaceae 148,153 Gaeumannomyces 233,243 Gongronella 114,115 Harpellales 6,19,120,140,147- Galactomyces 179, 190 Gonimochaete 65 157 gasteromycetes 6 horridula 65 Harpellomyces 148,154 Gauthieromyces 148,154 Gracea 44,51,65 Harpochytriales 99,104,107 Gelasinospora 233,245,247 gracilis 65 Harpochytrium 103, 104, 106 Gelimycetes xiii, 6, 15,22 grain 334 Harposporium 338 Genestelloides hibernus 154 Graminella 148,153 Hasegawaea 192 Genestellospora 153 Graminelloides 148,153,154 japonicus 192 Geniculosporium 243, 325, 326 grape vine 42 hazelnut 182 Genistelloides 148, 153 Graphidaceae 168 Helicobasidium 336 hibernus 149, 157 Graphidiales 168,257,260,269,272, Helicocephalidaceae 114, 115, 117, Genistellospora 19, 148,154 273 128,138 Geoglossaceae 169,266,269-271 Graphilbum 313 Helicocephalum 115,123 Geoglossum 270 Graphiocladiella 313 Helicodendron 318 Geolegnia 46, 65 Graphium 240, 313,326,327 Helicogermslita 233 inflata 65 penicillioides 326 Helicogonium 190 Geomyces 202,312,315 putredinis 324 Helicoma muelleri 339 pannorum 316 Graphostroma 244 Helicosporae 309 Biosystematic Index 359

Helicosporium phragmitis 339 Hymenomycetes xii Japanese cherry tree 194 Helicostylum 115 Hymenomycetia 6, 15 Juniperus commune 223 Helminthophora 313,324 Hymenoscypha clavus 258 Helminthosphaeria 246,247 Hymenoscyphus 270, 338 Karschia 172 clavariarum 246 Hyphochytrea xiii, 3, 12 Kathistaceae 240 Helminthosphaeriaceae 247 Hyphochytriaceae 64,73,78 Kathistes 222,225,226,228,232, Helminthosporium 313,334 Hyphochytriales 61,64,68,78,99 236,249,250 Helotiales 169,212,257-271,274 hyphochytrid 8,13, 14,33,73 Keratinophyton 202 Helotium 74 Hyphochytriomycetes xii, xiii, 39, Kickxella 115, 129 Helvella 168 64,68,78,99 Kickxella alabastrina 129, 157 Helvellaceae 264, 266, 272 Hyphochytriomycetidae 64 Kickxellaceae 114-117,119, Hemiascomycetes xii, 28, 189, 190, Hyphochytriomycota xii, xiii, 73, 99, 121-125,127,129, 138,140 212 100, 108 Kickxellales 6, 115, 155, 157 Hemiascomycotina 6,15,21 Hyphochytrium 74,75,78 Kirkomyces 115 Hemibasidiomycetia 6 catenoides 73-76, 78 Kloeckera 182, 190 Hemicarpentales 202,206 infestans 74 Kluyveromyces 184, 185, 190 Hemiphacidiaceae 269,270 oceanum 74 Krebspest disease 42 Hemisphaeriales 286,287,297 peniliae 74,75 Kriegeriellaceae 294 hemp 67,68 Hyphomucor 115 Kuehniella 202 hepatic 260 Hyphomycetes 123,307,309,311, Kuzuhaea 115, 117 Herpomycetaceae 228, 249 325,327,330,331,337,338 Herpotrichiellaceae 173,296, 330, hyphomycetes 238,259,289 Laboulbenia mexicanum 249 332 Hypocrea 232,236-238,250,313, Laboulbeniaceae 249 Hessea 6 322 Laboulbeniales 6,8,21,157,166, Hesseltinella 114, 115 jecorina 233 171,222,224,225,228,231,232, vesiculosa 122 Hypocreaceae 238,312,319 234,236,238,249 Heteranthera dubia 88 Hypocreales 21, 166, 170,202,213, Laboulbeniineae 228 Heterobasidiomycetes xii, xiii 222-225,230,232,234-238,240, Laboulbenioascomycetidae 211 Heterobasidion 336 313,318-320,322 Laboulbeniomycetes 171 Heterokonta xii, 12, 13,25, 64 Hypocrella 239 Labyrinthista 39,64,68 Heterokontimycotina 24 Hypodermatales 273 Labyrinthomorpha 25 Heterolobosea 12,23 Hypomyces 170,237,238,266,313, Labyrinthulaceae 64 Heterosporium 332 324 Labyrinthulales 64 Hibiscus 182 rosellus 320 Labyrinthulea 12,24,25 Hirsutella 325,338 Hyponectria 240,245 Labyrinthulidae 12 saussurei 324 Hyponectriaceae 170 labyrinthulids 4,5,25 Hispidicarpomyces 171,247 Hypoxylon 169,243,326 Labyrinthulomycetes Xlll galaxauricola 249 Hypsostromataceae 301 Labyrinthulomycota 25 Hispidicarpomycetaceae 171,249 Hysteriaceae 299 Lacustromyces 106 Histoplasma 202, 205 Hysteriales 297 Laetiporus 312 capsulatum 207,315 Lagena 65 Hohenbuehelia 338 Ichthyophonida 157 radicicola 65 Holleya 182 lchthyophonus 9,12,14 Lagenidiales 62, 99 Holmiella 171 Ichthyosporea 12,22,23,32,157 Lagenidium 42, 59 sabinae 223 Ichthyosporeans 22 giganteum 64 Holwaya 318 Icmadophilaceae 269,270 Lagenisma 64 Homobasidiomycetes xii, xiii, 6, 15, lnduratia 245 Lagenismataceae 64 22 Ingoldian fungi 317 Lagenismatales 39,40,64 Homoptera 114 lngoldiella 338 Lahmia kunzei 172 Hormographiella 312 lnocybe 117 Lahmiales 166, 172 Hormonema 332 insect 8,16,19,42,94,113,114, Lajasiella 148 dematioides 331, 332 118-120,135,147,148,153,154, Lalaria 190,193 horse 42, 108, 116 171,180,182,206,222,224,225, Lambertella 339 Hortaea werneckei 332 234,239,240,283,288,292 Lancisporomyces 148,153,154 human 119,224 scale 224,239,289 Lasiodiplodia theobromae 330,334 Hyalopesotum 313 Insecta 61 Lasiosphaeria 245,247 Hyalorhinocladiella 327 invertebrate 63 Lasiosphaeriaceae 247,313,329 Hyaloscypha 339 aquatic 41 late blight of potato 40 Hydatinophagus 65 lodophanus 313 Latrostium comprimens 77 apsteinii 65 lsarioidea 314 leafhopper 325 Hydra 16 lsoachlya 65 Lecanactidaceae 289 Hydrocharitaceae 88 eccentrica 65 Lecanactis 6 Hydromyxomycetes 25 toruloides 55 Lecanidiales 287 Hymenoascomycetes xii, xiii, 163, isopod 147,148, 153 Lecanidion 172 164,166,167,283,288 lssatchenkia 190 Lecanora 6 hymenoascomycetes 234 orientalis 180 Lecanorales 166, 168,212,215, Hymenoascomycetidae 211 scutulata 187 257-259,263-268,271 360 Biosystematic Index

Lecanorineae 271 Loculoascomycetidae 6, 211 Melogramma 225 Lecophagus 128 Loculoedaphomycetidae 287 Membranosorus 86-88 Lecythophora 313,327 Loculomycetes xiii, 6, 15 heterantherae 87,88 Legerioides 148,153,154 Loculoparenchemycetidae 287 Menispora 329 Legeriomyces 148,153 Loculoplectascomycetidae 287 Merimbla 202,313 Legeriomycetaceae 148,153 locust 114, 138 Meristacraceae 116, 135, 139 Legeriosimi/is 148,154 Lodderomyces 190 Meristacrum 116, 133, 139 legume 170 Lophiostomataceae 299,303 Mesnieraceae 299 Leidyomyces 148,153 Lophodermium 169 Metacapnodiaceae 173,296 attenuatus 152 Loramyces 258 Metamonada 18, 20 Leiosphaerella 245 Loramycetaceae 269 Metarhizium 325 selenosporellae 244 Lulworthia 225 Metchnikovellida 18 Leiothecium 202,214 thalassiae 249 metchnikovellids 16 Leotia 266,267,270 Lycoperdon 6 Metschnikowia 185,190 lubrica 270 lycopod 284 pulcherrima 182 Leotiaceae 266, 270 Lyophyllum 337 Metschnikowiaceae 190 Leotiales 164, 166, 168, 169,269, mice 116,119 317 Macrobiotophthora 116, 133 Microascaceae 235,238 Leotioideae 266 Macrospora scirpicola 287 Microascales 166, 170, 171,211-213, Lepidoptera 325 Magnaporthaceae 222-225,236,239,240,249,312, lepidopteran 114,225 Magnaporthe 223,227,335 313,326,327 Lepteutypa 245 grisea 335 Microascus 171,211,239,327 Leptographium 240,313,326,327 Magnolia 243 cinereus 239 Leptolegnia 65 Malbranchea 202,203,205,312, trigonosporus 239 caudata 65 315 Microdochium 245,313,319 chapmanii 42 mammal 162 Microglossum 270 Leptolegniaceae 62,65,66 mangrove 284 viride 270 Leptolegniella 40, 44, 50, 65 Manubrispora 14,16-19 Micromucor 115, 136 keratinophila 65 Martensella 115, 129 Micropeltidaceae 301 Leptolegniellaceae 44, 65, 66 corticii 117, 129 Microsphaera 318 Leptomitaceae 58,62, 65, 66, 68 Martensiomyces 115, 129 Microspora 16 Leptomitales 43,55,57,65,66,68, pterosporus 157 Microsporea xiii, 6, 15, 18 99 Massariaceae 301, 303 Microsporidia xiii, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, Leptomitus 43, 44, 50, 65 Massarina 338 14-23,28,30-33 lacteus 65 Massarinaceae 299,303 Microsporidiida 16 Leptosphaeria 334 Massospora 116, 121, 133, 134 Microsporum 202,205,208,315 cercocarpi 300 Mastigamoeba schizophrenia 18 racemosum 316 Letendraeopsis 284 Mastigina hylae 18 Microthyriaceae 173, 297 lettuce 42 Mastigomycotina 14,99,101 Microthyriales 287 Leuconectria clusiae 226 Medeola 169,259 Microthyrium harrimanii 298 Leucostoma 243 virginiana 271 midge 147,154 Leveillula 313 Medeolaria farlow ii, 169 Mi/adina 258, 338 Lewia 313,334 Medeolariales 166,169,257,259, millet 42 infectoria 308 271,274 millipede 147,148, 153 Libertella 326 Medusoides 44,63,64 Mindeniella 64 lichen 3,6,164,167-170,172,173, argyrocodium 55, 64 spinospora 64 215,283,284,286,287,289,291, Melanconidaceae 243 Minisporea xiii, 15, 18, 19 295,297,303 Melanochaeta aotearoae 246 Miozoa 12 lichenized fungi 164 Melanomma pulvis-pyrius 302 mite 114,118,133 Lichenotheliaceae 291 Melanommataceae 301,335 phoretic 225 Lichinales 166,168,257,259,270 Melanommatales 166,172,287, Mitrula 258 Lignicola 225 297-299,301-303 Mixia 193 Ligniera 84, 86-88 Melanomycotina 6, 21 osmundae 195 Liliaceae 169,271 Melanopsamma 322 Mixiaceae 193 Linderina 115, 129 Melanospora 170,223,230,231, Modicella 115, 128 pennispora 127,129,157 236,246 Mollisia 269,318, 338 Lipomyces 180, 190 zamiae 229,230,246 Mollusca 67 Lipomycetaceae 190 Melanosporaceae 247 Monacrosporium 259,338 Lobosa 12 Melanosporales 170, 222, 223, subtile 328 Lobosea 12,23,24 236 Monascaceae 202,205,206 lobster 147 Meliola 249 Monascus 202,206,214-216 Loculoanoteromycetidae 287 deformis 249 purpureus 209,214 loculoascomycetes 223,229,231, floridana 229 Monilia 247,313,329 234,247,250,317,329,338,339 Meliolaceae 247 fructigena 333 Loculoascomycetes xii, xiii, 163, Meliolales 166, 171,213,222,249 Moniliaceae 309 164,166,167,169,172,211-213, Meliolina 292 Monilinia 313,318 215,216,269,272,283 Meliolinaceae 292 fruiticola 259 Biosystematic Index 361

Monoblastiaceae 301,303 Myzocytium 64 Nowakowskiella 96,98, 106 Monoblepharella 103 proliferum 64 elegans 107 Monoblepharidaceae 107 Nummularia 243 Monoblepharidales 6,93,99, 100, Nadsonia 183,190 Nyctalis lyeoperdoides 337 102-108,157 Naetrocymbaceae 301 Monocaryomycotera 161 Nakataea 335 Ochrophyta 14,25 Monocillium 313 Nannizzia 202 Octomyxa 86--88 monocot 329 Nannizziopsis 202 brevilegniae 88 Monographella 245,313 nectarine 116,119 Octosporomyees octosporus 192 nivalis 319 Nectria 6,223,226,236,237,313, Oedoeephalum 312,313 stoveri 244 319,320,324,338 glomerulosum 317 Morchella 6,168,260,265 cinnabarina 226,313,319 Oedogoniales 61 Morchellaceae 264, 266, 272 eucurbitula 232 Oedogoniomyees 103, 104, 107 Mortierella 67,68,114, liS, 120, haematococca 229 Oedogoniomycetaceae 107 125, 136 inventa 322 Oedogonium 96 Mortierellaceae 115,116 Nectriaceae 223,224,237,238,319 Oidiodendron 202,205,209,315 Mortierellales 6, 20, 114, 116, 121, Nectriella 237 majus 333 125, 136, 140 Neetrioidea 322 Oidiopsis 269,313 Moserella radicola 259 Neetriopsis 313,322 Oidium 269,313,318 mosquito 42, 149, 154 needle-cast fungi 169 oilseed 334 moss 135,259,284 Nellymyces 64 okra 116 moth 114 megaceros 64 Olpidiaceae 106 Mucedinaceae 309 Nematoetonus 336,338 Olpidiopsidaceae 62,65 Mucor 114,115,117,119,120,125 nematode 41,68,94,114,117,118, Olpidiopsidales 41,42,44,56,57, bainieri 126 125,128,133,135,238,258,259, 62,65,67 piriformis 116 325,336-338 Olpidiopsis 43,44,52,58, 65, 67 rouxii 123, 124 nematophagous fungi 337 saprolegniae 65 Mucoraceae 115 Nematophthora 52,65 varians 74 Mucorales 6,20,99,114-117, gynophila 65 Olpidium 74,95, 103, 104, 106, 108 119-126, 128, 138, 140, 188 Nematospora 182 brassicae 94,95 mustard 182 coryli 185 eueurbitaeearum 95 oriental 182 Neoaraehnotheca 202 maritimum 94 Myceliophthora 312 Neocallimasticales pendulum 94 thermophila 316 N eocallimastigaceae 98, 107 radicale 95 Mycena 117 Neocallimastigales 6, 18,22,99, 100, Oncocladium 202 Mycetozoa 3-5,12,20,23,24,33 102-108, 157 Onygena 202,205 Mycocladus 115 Neoeallimastix 98,103 equina 202 Mycoporaceae 294 frontalis 99 Onygenaceae 202,205,214 Mycosphaerella 173,311, 313, 332, Neogymnomyees 202 Onygenales 163,164,201,202,205, 334 Neoleeta 6,30,169,191,192,264 211,212,214,216,317,336 Mycosphaerellaceae 294 vitellina 188, 192 Oomycetes xiii, 3, 8,12-14,24,25, Mycotypha 115, 123, 124 Neolectales 166,169,192,257,264, 28,31-33,61,73,88,99,104 africana 126 271 Oomycota xii, xiii, 74-78, 89, 93, 99, Mycotyphaceae 115,116,120 Neolectomycetes 169 100,108 Myriangiaceae 289 Neomonada 12,26,157 Oosporidium 190, 191 Myriangiales 166,173,213,286-288, Neomycota 6-8,14,15,22,28,30,32 Opadorhiza 312 290 Neoneetria 237 Opal in ata 12,14,25 Myriangium duriaei 290 Neosartorya 202,209,314 Opalozoa 86 Myrioconium 318,321,323,324 Neotyphodium 313,322,325 Opegraphaceae 287,289,291 Myriodontium 202 Neoxenophila 202 Opegraphales 172, 287, 289 Myriogonium 190 Neozoa 12 operculate cup fungi 168 Myrothecium verrucaria 324 Neozygitaceae 116, 135 Ophioneetria 237 Mytilinidiaceae 301 Neozygites 116 Ophiostoma 6, 171,211,223-225, Myxogastrea 12,23,33 Neozygomycetia 6 230,235,238,240,313,326,327 myxomycetes 12,23,33 Neurospora 6,227,246,247,266, davidsonii 241 Myxotrichaceae 202,205,214,315, 313,329 europhioides 241 317 crassa 227 stenoceras 327 Myxotrichum 202,205,315 tetrasperma 232 ulmi 171, 229 chartarum 202 Niesslia 237,313 Ophiostomataceae 235,240 Myxozoa 16 Niessliaceae 224, 232, 236-238 Ophiostomatales 166, 171,210, Myxozyma 190 Nitschkiaceae 247 212,213,222-225,240,241,312, Myzocytiopsidaceae 44,62,65,67, Nodulisporium 243,245,325,326 326 68 Nomuraea rileyi 325 opisthokonta 22,23,32 Myzocytiopsidales 41,42,47,51,56, Nosema 6 Orbilia 317,337,338 62,65,67,69 bombycis 14 Orbiliaceae 259,267,269,270 Myzocytiopsis 44,45, 65 Nostoc punctiforme 136 Orehesellaria 148,153 lentieularis 52, 65 Nothofagus 169,259,268 lattesi 150 362 Biosystematic Index orchid 114,335 chrysogenum 210,315 Phillipsiellaceae 289 Orphella 148,153,154 digitatum 182 Phlebia 336, 337 Orthomyces 116, 134 italicum 182 Phloeospora 332 aleyrodis 134 jensenii 209 Phlyctochytrium 96 Orthomycotina 6, 15 mameffei 208 Phoma 334 Orthoptera 114 roquefortii 209 glomerata 330 Osmunda japonica 193 sclerotiorum 204 Phomopsis 241,329 Ostropales 166,168,257,259,261, subg. Biverticillium 313 Phragmosporae 309 265,268,271,272 Pennella 148, 153, 154 Phycomyces 115, 125 Otideaceae 264, 272 Percolozoa 12,18,23,24,33 Phycomycetaceae 115,120, 124 Otthia spiraeae 300 Perisporiales 287 Phycomycetes 13,14,61,99,100 Ovulariopsis 269,313 Perissodactyla 108 Phyllachora 170, 241 Oxydothis 244 Peronophythora 64 ateleiae 241 rhopalostylidis 244 litchi 64 Phyllachoraceae 240,241,313, Peronosclerospora 65 329 Pachnodium 313 sacchari 65 Phyllachorales 166,169,170,222, Pachyella 258 Peronospora 41,44,46,48,60,61, 223,240,241,319,322,329 Pachymetra 46,65,66 64 Phyllactinia 313 chaunorhiza 55,65 rumicis 40, 64 Phyllosticta 334 Pachysolen 190 Peronosporaceae 42,47,60,63, Physarum 12 tannophilus 181,184 64 polycephalum 23 Paecilomyces 202,204,206,313, Peronosporales 32,41,42,44,48, Physoderma 95,100,101,104 314 55,56,60,63,64,67,69,99 maydis 95 farinosus 315, 325 Peronosporomycetes xii, xiii, 39, Phytomyxa 12, 32 sect.Isarioidea 313,325 61,64,99 Phytomyxea xiii, 12, 24, 86 variotii 315 Peronosporomycetidae 31,43,49, Phytophthora 9,41,43,45,47,48, Palaeonitella 108 52,59,60,62-64,69 51,52,56,59,60,64,68 Palavascia 148 Peronosporomycotina 40, 64 cryptogea 50 Palavasciaceae 148 Pertusariales 166, 168,271 infestans 40-42,63 palm 223,244,245,284 Pertusariineae 271 megakarya 41 Pandora 116, 134 Pesotum 313 Phytophthoraceae 63 Parabas alia 18 Pestalosphaeria 232, 245, 326 Pichia 183,185,189, 190 Paracoccidioides 202 leucospermi 244 bispora 184 brasiliensis 207 Pestalotia 326 fermentans 182 Paramacrinella 148 Pestalotiopsis 245 guilliermondii 182 Paramoebidium 148,150,151,153 Petersenia 65 japonica 184 curvum 151, 152 lobata 65 kluyveri 182 Paraperonospora 64 Petriella 239 lindneri 187 leptosperma 64 guttulata 239 pastoris 182 Parasitella 115, 120 Petromyces 202, 204 stipitis 181 simplex 117,119 Pezicula 318 subpelliculosa 182 Parataeniella 148,153 Peziza 6,263,265,313 Pilaira 115,122-125 Parataeniellaceae 148, 153 Pezizaceae 264, 266, 272 anomala 122 Parmulariaceae 292 Pezizales 164, 166, 168, 169 212, Pilobolaceae 115,122-124 Parodiellaceae 299 213,257-260,263-267,270,272, Pilobolus 115,116,125 Parodiopsidaceae 292 273,317 pine, Scots 128 Paspalum notatum 138 Phacidiaceae 169,270 Pinus sylvestris 128 Passalomyces 148,153 Phacidiales 273 Piptocephaladaceae 114-117,119, Patellaria 172 Phaeosphaeria 173 121, 128, 138 Patellariaceae 223 Phaeosphaeriaceae 299 Piptocephalis 114,115,117,120, Patellariales 166,172,287,291,292 Phaeotrichaceae 303 128 peach 116 Phaeotrichum 231,303 lepidula 127 peach leaf cur! 162, 194 hystrincum 231 virginiana 120 peanut 116,210 Phagomyxa 24 xenophila 127 pe ar 116 Phagomyxida 86 Pirella 115, 123 peat moss 224 Phallus 6 circinans 123 Pectinotrichum 202 Phanerochaete 312 Piromyces minutus 99 Pedomycetidae 21 chrysosporium 337 Planistromellaceae 295 Peltigera 6 Phascolomyces 115 Plantae 4,23,30-32 Peltigerales 166,168,212,271 articulosus 120, 126 Plasmodiophomycota 99,100 Peltigerineae 271 Phialoascus 190 Plasmodiophora 12,24,82,86,88 Penicilliopsis 202 Phialocephala 313,327 bicaudata 88 Penicillium 6,121,164,202-206, Phialographium 313 brassicae 81,82,54-89 208-210,214-216,224,313-315, Phialophora 179,247,313,318,327, diplantherae 88 322 331,332 Plasmodiophoraceae 86, 100, 104 biverticillium 233 verrucosa 321 Plasmodiophorales 61,81,86,99 camembertii 209 Phillipsia 263 Plasmodiophorida 3,23,86 Biosystematic Index 363

Plasmodiophoridae 86 Pontisma 51,65 Pycnoporellus 312 plasmodiophorids 4,5,9,24,32,33, lagenidioides 65 Pyrenochaeta 332 81 Pontismataceae 65 unguis-hominis 330 Plasmodiophoromycetes xii, xiii, 40, Porphyra 17 pyrenomycetes 169,221,264-266, 61,81 Potamogetonaceae 88 286,317,338 Plasmodiophoromycota xii, xiii, 77, potato 40,41,81,88,95 Pyrenomycetes xiii, 6, 15,202, 81,99 potato wart disease 95 211-213 Plasmopara 48, 64 powdery mildews 169,318 Pyrenophora 173, 301, 313 pygmaea 64 powdery scab of potato 81 Pyrenophoraceae 299 viticola 40 Pringsheimia 332 Pyrenulaceae 301 Platystomataceae 299, 303 Prokaryota 4 Pyrenulales 166,172,187,268,298, Plecopteromyces 148,153,154 Pronectria 237 301 Plectascales 210,286, 287 Prostrata 322 Pyricularia 227,335 Plectoascomycetidae 210 Protalveolata 12, 24 grisea 335 Plectomycetes xii, xiii, 6, 12, 15, 163, Protista 73,86,93, 99 Pyronema 265 168,201,212,235,287,288 Protoachlya 65 Pyronemataceae 272 Plectosphaerella 240,313 paradoxa 65 Pythiaceae 40,41,55,58,59,63,64, cucumerina 240, 319 Protocreopsi 237 67,68 Plectospira 65 Protoctista 81, 86, 93, 155 Pythiales 32,41,51,55-57,63,64 myriandra 65 protoctists 73 Pythiella 65 Plectosporium 313,319 Protomyces 6, 179, 181, 189-191, vernalis 65 tabacinum 321 193, 194 Pythiogeton 43, 63, 64 Pleistophora 6 inouyei 191,193 utriforme 64 Pleistophorida 6 inundatus 191 Pythiogetonaceae 41,44,57,63, Pleochaeta 313 Protomycetaceae 190,192 64 Pleocystidium 42, 65, 67 protomycetalean fungi 181 Pythiopsis 50, 64 parasiticum 65 Protomycetales 162,189,190, 192, cymosa 64 Pleomassariaceae 299, 301 193,195,287 Pythium 9,40-49,51,52,57-59,63, Pleospora 6, 173,313,334 Protomycocladus 115 64,66-68,84,88 tarda 300 Protomycopsis 193 echinulatum 55 Pleosporaceae 213,299,333 Protostelea 12, 23, 33 insidiosum 42 Pleosporales 166,172,173,212,287, Protostelium 12 lucens 46 297-301,303,329,333 Prototaphrina 191 lutarium 46, 55 Plerogone 59, 65 Prototheca 31 middletonii 50 helodes 65 protozoa 40,89,192 monospermum 50,63,64 Pleurotremaceae 245 Protozoa xiii, 3, 4, 12, 15,22,23,25, myriotylum 41 Pleurotremataceae 301 30,31,33,81,86 torulosum 49 plum pockets 162 Pseudallescheria 238 Pyxidiophora 21,225-228,231,232, Pneumocystidaceae 190 boydii 224 234,236,249 Pneumocystidales 162,190,192 Pseudeurotiaceae 236 Pyxidiophoraceae 157, 171, 249 Pneumocystis 6,14,16,179,189, Pseudocercosporella 332 Pyxidiophorales 6, 21 190,192 herpotrichoides 318 Pyxomycetalia 32 carinii 162,191 Pseudoeurotiaceae 205,211,213 Poaceae 60 Pseudofungi 3-5,8, 9, 12, 13,24,25, Radiomyces 115 Poales 42, 66 30,33 spectabilis 126 Pocheina 12 Pseudogliomastix 313 Radiomycetaceae 115, 116, 120 podocarp 288 protea 322 Raffiesia 30 Podochytrium 106 Pseudogymnoascus 202,205,312, Ramacrinella 148 Podosphaera 318 315 Ramularia 332 Podospora 226,245,247 Pseudomycota xii, xiii, 4 Raperia 202 anserina 227 Pseudoperisporiaceae 301 rat 116 bifida 246 Pseudoperonospora 47,64 Renispora 202,214 globosa 246 cubensis 64 Requienellaceae 301, 303 Podostroma 237 Pseudopeziza 259,264 Reticulocephalis 115, 117 Poitrasia 115,122,125 Pseudosphaeriaceae 295, 301 clathroides 117 Polymyxa 82,86,88 Pseudosphaeriales 286 gryosus 117 betae 81,84,88 Pseudosphaerita 61 Retrostium 247 graminis 81,87-89 Pseudovalsa 243 amphiroae 249 Polypaecilum 202 Psilopezia 258 Rhexographium 313 Polyphagus 106 Psorospermium 14 rhinoceros 108 Polyporales 336 Pteridiospora 115, 128 Rhinocladiella 331 polypore 170 pteridophyte 32 atrovirens 331 Polystigmina 240 Pteromaktron 148,154 Rhipidiaceae 41,44,63,64,68 Polystomellaceae 301 Ptychogaster 336,337 Rhipidiales 56, 63, 64 Polytolypa 202 rubescens 337 Rhipidiomycetidae 47, 58, 59 Polytoma 31 Pulveria 235 Rhipidium 64 Pontederiaceae 88 Punctularia 336 interruptum 64 364 Biosystematic Index

Rhizidiomyces 74,75,77,78 Saccharomycopsis 190 Sclerotiniaceae 259,260,264-266, apophysatus 73-78 capsularis 185 269,274,318 bivellatus 77 Sagenista 12, 25 Sclerotium 312,318,336 hansonii 77 Sagenoma 202 rolfsii 336 Rhizidiomycetaceae 64, 73, 78 Sagenomella 202 Scolecosporae 309 Rhizidiomycopsis 77 Saitoella 179,189-192,194 Scoliolegnia 48, 65 Rhizinaceae 272 complicata 191-193 asterophora 55, 65 Rhizoctonia 312,335,336 Saksenaea 115,119 blelhamensis 46 crocorum 336 Saksenaeaceae 115 subeccentrica 55 solani 336 Salicaceae 162 Scopulariopsis brevicaulis 315,327 Rhizomucor 115, 119 Salilagenidiaceae 65, 67 Scorias spongiosa 293 Rhizophlyctis 103, 106 Salilagenidiales 41,42,47,57,62,65, Scrophulariaceae 88 harderi 99 66 Scutellospora 115, 129 oceanis 100 Salilagenidium 42,59,65 cerradensis 130 rosea 94,96,98,99,108 callinectes 65 heterogama 130 Rhizophydium 95, 96, 106, 107 Salix 169 sedge 222, 223 graminis 95 salmon 42 Selenosporella 224, 245 mamillatum 96 Salpingoeca 28 Septobasidiales 6 sphaerocarpum 96 Salpingoecidae 26, 28 Septochytrium willoughbyi 98 Rhizopodopsis 115 Saprolegnia 40,41,43,45,48,55,58, Septomycetes xiii, 6, 15, 22 Rhizopus head rot of sunflower 116 59,64,76 Septomycotina 6 Rhizopus 115, 119, 120 diclina 50,76 Septoria 332, 334 oryzae 116 ferax 50, 64, 76 Setosphaeria 313 stolonifer 116 hypogyna 50 Seuratiaceae 288 Rhizostilbella 313 litoralis 55 Seynesiella sequoiae 298 Rhodosticta 240 parasitica 50 Shanorella 202 Rhodotorula 191 terrestris 55 sheep 222 glutinis 192 turfosa 50 shrimp 42 Rhopalomyces 115, 128 Saprolegniaceae 40,41,43,45,48, Sibirina 313,324 apiculatus 127 55,58,59,63,64,66-68 Sigmoideomyces 115 elegans 120, 127 Saprolegniales 41,42,47,55,57,62, dispiroides 117 Rhytidhysteron 172 64,66,77,99 divaricatus 117 rufulum 292 Saprolegniomycetidae 31,43,49,50, Sigmoideomycetaceae 115, 117, 120, Rhytisma 6, 169 52,57,59,60,62,64,66,69 128 Rhytismataceae 273 Sapromyces 43,44,64 silkworm 16 Rhytismatales 166,169,257, elongatus 45,64 Simuliomyces 148, 153 259-261,263-265,273 Sarawakus 237 spica 149, 154 rice 209 Sarcomastigota 12 Sirolpidiaceae 65 rice blast 335 Sarcoscyphaceae 264-266,272,273 Sirolpidium 65 Roccellaceae 289,291 Sarcosomataceae 265, 266, 272, bryopsidis 65 Rogersonia striolata 233 273 Sistotrema 338 Rosaceae 162 Sarophorum 202 slime mold xiii, 5, 9, 23, 32, 33, 61, Rosales 193 Saturnispora 190 223 Rosellinia 243, 326 Sawadaea 318 slime mould (see slime mold) rotifer 41,94, 117, 119, 125, 128 Schizoblastosporion 190 Smittium 20,148,149,153,154 Rozella 61,95, 103, 106 starkeyi-henricii 180 culicis 154 Rozellopsidales 40 Schizosaccharomyces 6,179,184, culisetae 154, 157 Rozellopsis 61 187, 189-192 morbosum 149 Ruppia 88 japonicus 192 snake 67 maritima 83 octosporus 182, 183, 192 Solanum 42 Russulaceae 237 pombe 184, 191, 192 Sommerstorffia 64 rust 325 Schizosaccharomycetaceae 190 spinosa 64 Rutstroemia 338 Schizosaccharomycetales 162,189, Sordaria 6,226,227,230,245-247 Rutstroemiaceae 269,274 190,192 fimicola 246 rye 170 Schizothyriaceae 289 Sordariacaeae 233,247 Schwanniomyces castellii 187 Sordariales 166, 170, 171,212,222, Saccharomyces 6, 183, 185, 189, occidentalis 187 223,225,232-236,238,245-247, 190 Sclerocleista 202 319,327,329 cerevisiae 181-185 Sclerocystis 133 sorghum 138 Saccharomycetaceae 190 Sclerogone 115, 128 Sorghum vulgare 138 Saccharomycetales 162,190-192 Sclerophthora 65 Sorochytriaceae 107 Saccharomycetes xii, xiii, 161, 162, macrospora 65 Sorochytrium milnesiophthora 98 222 Sclerospora 44, 48, 60, 65 Sorodiscus 86-88 Saccharomycodaceae 190 graminicola 65 callitrichis 88 Saccharomycodes 183, 190 Sclerosporaceae 42, 63, 65, 66 heterantherae 87 ludwigii 183 Sclerosporales 41,42,65-67 Sorosphaera 87 Saccharomycopsidaceae 190 Sclerotinia 169,264 veronicae 84,87,88 Biosystematic Index 365 soybean 182,209 Stilbaceae 309 Taphrinomycotina 169 Spartiella 148,153 Stilbella 313 tar-spot fungi 169 Spathularia 266-268, 270 fimetaria 324 tardigrade 98, 114, 133, 135 Spathulariopsis 270 Stilbodendron 202 Tarichium 116 Spathulospora 6, 171,247 Stilbothamnium 202 Teichospora 173 calva 249 Stilbum 313 Teloschistales 166, 168, 271 phycophila 249 Stipella 148, 153 Teloschistineae 271 Spathulosporaceae 249 stonefly 154 Tetracladium setigerum 339 Spathulosporales 166, 171,247, Stramenipila (see Stramenopila) Tetramitia 12 249 Stramenopila xii, 12,39,40, 62, 64, Tetramyxa 87, 88 Spermophothorales 162 73 parasitica 83, 88 Sphacelia 325 stramenopile 48,60,61,78 Thallassomyces 12,24 Sphaerella 173 straminipile (see straminopile) Thamnidiaceae 115, 116, 120, 123 Sphaeria scirpi 287 Strattonia insignis 246 Thamnidium 115 Sphaeriales 286 strawberry 116 elegans 126 Sphaerita 61 Streptopodium 269 Thamnocephalis 115, 117 Sphaerocreas 128 Strigulaceae 303 quadrupedata 128 Sphaeronaemella 223,226, 239 Stromatoneurospora 245 sphaerospora 128 fimicola 239 Strongwellsea 116 Thamnostylum 115 Sphaerostilbella 313,322 magna 133, 134, 136 Thanatephorus 6 Sphaerotheca 318 Stylopage 115 Thanatophytum 312,336 spider 119,133,239,325 rhabdospora 125 Thaxterosporium 116 Spinalia 115, 129 Subbaromyces 222,225,228,234, Thelebolaceae 265,270,272 Spinellus 115,117,119 236,249,250 Thelebolus 265,266,268,272 Spiniger 312 Subulicystidium 339 Thermoascus 202,214 Spirodactylon 115,129 sugar beet 84 Thermomucor 115 aureum 157 sunflower 42, 116 Thielavia 312 Spirogyra 96 sweet potato 116 Thraustochytriaceae 64 Spiromastix 202 Sydowia 332 Thraustochytriales 64 Spiromyces 115, 129,157 Symbiotaphrina 191 thraustochytrid 3-5,9,12, 14,22,24, aspiralis 157 buchneri 188 33,94 Spizellomyces 99,107, 108 Sympodiomyces 190,191 Thraustochytridae 12 Spizellomycetaceae 106 Syncephalastraceae 115, 116, 123 Thraustotheca 64 Spizellomycetales 6,14,93,99-107, Syncephalastrum 114,115 clavata 64 157 racemosum 123, 126 thrip 325 Splanchnonema 313 Syncephalis 115,117,120,127, Thuemenella 243 Spongomonas 24 128 cubispora 232 Spongospora 87 Synchytriaceae 98 Thyridiaceae 303 subterranea 81-88 Synchytrium 95,103-106 Thyridium vestitum 303 Sporidiales 6 endobioticum 95 Tieghemiomyces 115, 117, 120, 129 Sporidiomycetidae 6, 15 macrosporum 95 Tilletiales 6 Sporodiniella 115 Syzygangia 42,51,65 Tolypocladium 323, 325 umbellata 119 marchaliana 65 infiatum 323 Sporopachydermia 190 Syzygites 115,117,119 tomato 88, 116, 182 Sporormiaceae 301 megalocarpus 117 Torrubiella 239, 322, 325 Sporoschisma 247 Torulaspora 190 Sporoschismopsis 247 Tabanomyces 133 delbrueckii 182 Sporothrix 240,312,336,327 Taeniella 148 Torulomyces 202,313 schenkii 224,327,328 Taeniellopsis 148 Torulopsis pintolopesii 187 Sporotrichum 312,336,337 Taeniospora 338 Trachysphaera 41,64 aureum 337 Talaromyces 202,206,209,214,313, fructigena 64 Sporozoa 8,9,16-18,24 314 Trametes 337 Spraguea 6 Tapesia 265 Tremellales 6 Squamanita 337 yallundae 318 Trentepohlia 268, 269 squash 116 Taphridium 193 Triangularia 245 Stachybotrys 318,322 Taphrina 6,30,162,179,189-195 Triblidiales 166,168,257,258,273 chartarum 221,321,322 californica 188, 195 Tribophyceae 39 Stachylina 148,153 cerasi 194 Tricellula aquatica 339 Stachylinoides 148,153,154 deformans 191,194 Tricharina 336 Staurosporae 309 farlowii 188, 195 Trichocoma 202,205,206, 215 Stemonitis 12 osmundae 193 paradoxa 212 Stemphylium 313 wiesneri 191,193,194 Trichocomaceae 202,205,214,313 Stephanoascus 190,191,312 Taphrinaceae 190,193 Trichocomoideae 206,214 Sterigmatomyces halophilus 187 taphrinalean fungi 181 Trichodelitschia 303 indicus 187 Taphrinales 161,162,189,190, 193, Trichoderma 223,224,238,250, 313, Stichococcus 268 195,287 318,321-323 Stictis radiata 272 Taphrinomycetes xiii, 6, 14, 15,21 atroviride 323 366 Biosystematic Index

flavofuscum 323 Ustilaginales 6,20 pythii 84, 85 pachybasium 323 Ustilaginomycetes xii, xiii Wynnea 263 parceramosum 323 Ustomycetes xiii, 6, 15,22 virens 234, 322 Utharomyces 115, 122 Xanthopyreniaceae 301 Trichoglossum 270 epallocaulus 122 Xanthoria 6 Tricholomataceae 312,338 Xenocylindrocladium 313 Trichometasphaeria 313 Valetoniella 232 Xenogliocladiopsis 313 Trichomonascus 190 Valsa 243 Xenolophium guianense 302 Trichomycetes xii, xiii, 113, 120, 147, Valsaceae 243 Xenotypa 243 148 Valsales 286 Xeromyces 202 trichomycetes 4, 20, 21 Valsaria 303 Xylaria 6, 169,226,235,243,326 Trichopeltidaceae 173, 297 Varicosporina 225 cubensis 223, 226 Trichophaea 313 Varicosporium elodeae 339 Xylariaceae 169,226,232,233,325, Trichophyton 202,203,205,208, 315 Vaucheria 96 326 rubrum 316 Venturia 6, 173 Xylariales 166,169,170,222,223, Trichosphaeria 246 Venturiaceae 299 225,235,236,240,243,245,247, pilosa 246 Veronica 87,88 301,304,325 Trichosphaeriaceae 243,247 Verpa 168 Xylocoremium 226,243 Trichosphaeriales 166, 169, 170, Verrucalvaceae 66 Xynophila 202 246 Verrucalvus 43,44,47,65 Trichotheliales 166, 169, 170 flavofaciens 55,65 Yarrowia 190 Trichothyriales 166, 173,286, Verrucaria 6 lipolytica 181 296-298 muralis 296 yeast 8,32,179,286-288 Trichozygospora 148,154 Verrucariales 166, 173,287,295, black 163,330 chironomidarum 149,154 296 budding 162, 189 Tricladium 339 vertebrate 41,63 fission 162, 189 Trigonopsis 190 Verticicladiella 225,313,327 Youngia japonica 193 Trimastix 18 Verticillium 238,313,318,321,322, Youngiomyces 115, 128 Triparticalcar arcticum 99 324,338 Tripospermum camelopardus 339 albo-atrum 321 Zanclospora 247 Tripospora tripos 231 luteo-album 322 Zannichellia 88 Tripterosporaceae 247 sect. Albo-Erecta 313 zooflagella te 14 truffle 168 sect. Nigrescentia 313 Zoomycetes xiii, 6, 15, 19, 20 Trypetheliaceae 301,303 sect. Prostrata 313,325 Zoopagaceae 115,117,119,125,218 Tuber 6,259,272 tenerum 322 Zoopagales 6,114-117,119, Tuberaceae 272 Vesiculomyces 117 121-125,127,128,138-140,337 Tuberales 213, 260, 272 citrinus 129 Zoopage 115 Tubercularia 226,313,319 Vibrissea 258 Zoophagus 115,119, 128 vulgaris 324 Vibrisseaceae 269 Zoophthora 116, 134 Tuberculariaceae 309 virus 81,227 Zopfiaceae 303 Tubeujia 163 Vizellaceae 301 Zopjiella rhizophila 229 Tubeufiaceae 299,339 Volkartia 193 Zostera 88 Tulasnella 6 Zosteraceae 88 turkey 210 Wallemia 202 Zosterella dubia 88 Typhula 312, 318, 336 sebi 337 Zychaea 115 Wallrothiella 313 Zygnematales 61 Ugola 337 subiculosa 322 Zygnemomyces 116, 121,133,134, Ulocladium 313 Warcupiella 214 139 chartarum 335 Wardomyces 327 Zygoascus 190 Umbelliferae 193 water mold 41 Zygomycetes xii, xii, 4, 6,15,20,21, Umbelopsis 115, 136 watercress 81, 83 61, 113, 125, 133, 157, 192 Umbilicarineae 271 Wettsteinina 301 Zygomycota xii, xiii, 39, 74, 75, 99, Uncinocarpus 202,208,214 wheat 88 108,113,147,272 Uncinula 318 white fly 325 Zygomycotina 6,14,15,17,19-22, Unitunicatae 287 white rust 3 28,32,99 Uredinales 6 Wickerhamia 183, 190 Zygopolaris 148,154 Urediniomycetes xii, xiii, 193 Wickerhamiella 190 Zygorhizidium 106 Uredomycetidae 15 Williopsis 190 Zygorhynchus 114,115 Urnula 259 witches' broom 194 Zygosaccharomyces 182, 184, 190 Urophlyctis 95 wood barer 180 Zygozyma 190 Usnea 6 Woronina 84,87,88 dermatitidis 315