DOCSLIB.ORG

Subject Index

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Subject Index Subject Index absorptive nutrition 18,31,33,73, bitunicate 250,285,287,288 cilia (see flagel! um) 93,114 evanescent 42 clamp connections 336, 337 acervulus 245 inoperculate 261 classification xi, 6,12,20,21,31,32, aeroaquatic fungi 234, 339 operculate 261 68,69,78,86,93,99-103,106, aflatoxin 209,210 suboperculate 265 107,115,120,121,124,132, aleuriospore (see aleurioconidium) unitunicate 288 147-149,151,161,163,167, alkaloid 170 ascus type 271,272 185,186,189,190,228,236, ergot 224 asexual hybrids 222 265,266,268-273,288,297, al!ergen 332 asexual reproduction 46,48,63,77, 308,309,311,312 amoeboid cel! 150 114,122,147,179,182,204,226 cleistothecium 201,202,211,216, amoeboid movement 23 asexual species 250, 307 230,231,235,236,245,250 anaerobe 16,32,95,107,108 auxiliary cel! 129, 130 gymnothecium 206 anamorph 164,165,170,180-183, auxiliary hyphal structures 135 multiloculate 201 186,188,191-193,202,203,205, azygospore 75, 124-126, 134, 135 coenocyte 7,8 206,214,216,222,223,234,236, commensal fungi 147 238,243,245,247,249,258,264, basal body (see kinetosome) conidiogenesis 139,192,194,286, 268-271,273,286,292-294,299, beer 182 308-311,314,325 301, 303, 308 biochemical characters 5,59,61,62, blastic 191,204,233,292-294, anamorph-teleomorph connection 67, 147, 162, 169, 186, 192, 195, 296,299,303,310 234,264,308,314,315, 266,314 enteroblastic 234,238,247,249 317-320 biocontrol 42,94,118,138,149,182, holoblastic 234,238,240,243,245, anamorphic fungi 307 223,234,322,325 249,250 anamorphic holomorph 307 biogeography 40,41,74,116,117, phialidic 164,238,240,247,329, andromorph 329 226,319 332,334 antheridium 52,53,56 body plan 5,7-9,11,31,32,42,43, thallic 164,204,233,310 antibiotic 210, 322 45,56,62,63,66,67,73,78,96, conidioma 310,318,319,325,327 function 59 164,167,168,171-173,260, conidiophore 234,238, 310 aplanospore 46 268,284,288,289 biverticillate 206 aquatic hyphomycetes 258 brown rot 259 secondary 134 arthropod bryophilous associations 259 conidiosporangiophore 46, 48, 63 dispersal 222 budding 179,182-184,186,189,191, conidiosporangium 46, 48, 63 arthrospore 123,150,152,153,191, 194 conidium 48,66,122,133-135,192, 192 202,216,233,258,265,269, ascocarp 15,30,162-173,201,202, calcium oxalate 122 286,299,301,307 205,206,221,228,257,267, capilliconidium 134 aleurioconidium 203-205,234, 283,284,289-303 cel! division cycle 183 310,319 anatomy 260 cel!ulose (see cel! wall carbohydrates) ameroconidium 315,317,321, development 260 cell wall 5, 18,23,24,26,27,30,43, 322,324,327,329,331,338 types 262 61,62,82,98 arthroconidium 203-205,310, ascogenous hypha 239 carbohydrates 4,7-9,15,16,18, 318,336,337 ascogonium 162 19,23,25,32,42,43,45,58,59, blastoconidium 268,318,336, 337 ascoma (see ascocarp) 62,73, 118, 123, 126, 130, 151, chlamydospore 234 ascospore 18,162-165,167-173, 155,162,183,191 dictyoconidium 334 184,185, 189, 192, 194, centriole 15,32,77,82,83,102,103 didyomoconidium 324,327,338 204-206,231-233,236-241, centrosome (see spindle pole body) function 234 243-245,247,249,263,283, centrum 211,228,231,236,240 macroconidium 318,319 286-293,295,296,298-303 development 222, 228 microconidium 315,318,319,339 development 263,264 chitin (see cell wal! carbohydrates) phialoconidium 203, 204, 329 ascostroma 250, 284 chlamydospore 48,118,123,126, phragmoconidium 324,327,335, ascus 18,161-173,184,192,202, 130,326 338 204,211,231,236,238-240, chloroplast 4, 30 sigmoidal 338 243,244-246,249,250,257, choanoflagellate tentacles 26 tetraradiate 338 263,265,266,283,286,287, chromosome number 58, 66 connective tissue 4 289-291,293-303 chytridiaceous thallus 8 convergence (see homoplasy) 350 Subject Index coprophily 301 endoplasmic reticulum 4,31,76, genome size 19,32 cryopreservation 108 103, 105 germination 43-45 cultural characters 314,318,319, endospore 19,208 arthrospore 150 336 evolution xi, 15, 19,20,24,25,27, oospore 57, 58 culture collections 68, 138, 139, 195 31,60,93,98,108,139,214,215 zygospore 128 culture methods 67,68,74,78,108, angiosperm 60 germination shield 130 116,136,147,149,154,181 origin of Fungi 25, 27 glomalin 132 ballistospore discharge 273 excipulum 260 Golgi apparatus 15,16, 18,21,23, canopy plating isolation 138 exospore 19 24,45,49,75,155,157 cryopreservation 138, 154, 256 extrusomes 45 enrichment 180 exudate habitat 40, 128, 162, 172, 238, 240, slide culture 215 insect 288,289,292 241,245,247,259,288,289, steak plating 180 plant 180, 292 291,292,294-297 cyclosporin 325 aquatic 94, 106, 119, 147 cyst 43-45,50,81 fatty acid composition 140 coprophilous 114,121,129,258, resting 28 fermentation 162 284 cystidium 135 fertilization estuarine 94 cystospore 150 insect 225 fiower 180 cytology 260 fission 179,182-184,189,191,192 freshwater 41,66,74,87,88,180, fiagellar apparatus 75,76,78, 101, 222,225,258,284,338 database, Anateleo 234 102, 105 marine 66,74,87,94,106,147, DBV (see dense body vesicle) fiagellar root 102,106, 107 164,171,180,222,225,236, decomposer 95,96 fiagellum 4,9,13,14,16,18,21,22, 247,249,284 dense body vesicle 45,57,58,61,69 25-27,32,39,40,48-50,61,67, soi! 66 dermatophytes 207,208 73,75,76,82,100-102,105 terrestrial 74,87,88,94, 106, 114, destruxins 224 food products 118,129,147,163,164,180, diacetoxyscirpenol 224 Ang-khak 209 208,221,258,284,315,329 Dictionary of the Fungi 264, 283, cheese 209 hallucinogen 170 287,311,312 koji 209 halophytes 94 dictyosome (see Golgi apparatus) miso 209 hamathecium 236, 240 dikaryon 15,17,161,162 sake 209 Hartig net 209 dimorphism 207, 208 shoyu 209 haustorium 117 discharge apparatus 47,98,134 food spoilage 209 heterothallic fungi 53, 124, 184,205, discharge mechanism 231 form-taxon 311 226,265,299 diseases and infections 207 fossil fungi 108, 139, 155 heterotroph 9 aspergillosis 208 fossil record 31,60,78,86 heterotrophy 31,39 athlete's foot 208 fruit 162 homoplasy xi, 8,18,24,171,236, basidiobolomycosis 119 fruit rot 318 240,249,250 blastomycosis 207 fruit storage rots 116 homothallic fungi 53, 124, 135, 184, chalkbrood 207 fumonisins 224 205,226,265 choke disease 222 fungicolous associations 259 honey 162, 163 coccidioidomycosis 207 fungoid 8,9 hulle cells 202, 206 conidiobolomycosis 119 fusarins 224 human autoimmune virus (HIV) equine phycomycosis 42 224 ergotism 170, 224 gemma 48 hydrogenosome 18,105,107 histoplasmosis 207 gene sequences hymenium 204, 211 mucormycosis 119 mitochondrial 62, 73, 189 hypha 3,5,7,8,31,42,43,63,66, paracoccidioidomycosis 207 nuclear rRNA 16,17,24,25,28, 130,134,162,184 ringworm 208 31,60,73,162,169,171,179, hyphal body 48,134 rye-grass staggers 222 186,222,238,240,269 hypogeousfungi 164,168,169,213 sea-fan dieback 208 5S 121,157,191,192 tinea 208 18S 11,14,20,22,23,29,45,62, industry 216 ulcerative dermal necrosis 42 86,87,89,104,108,121,128, arbuscular mycorrhiza 118 Valley Fever (see 129,139,140,157,187,188, brewing 162,179,181 coccidioidomycosis) 191,192,212,214,215,266, chemical 181, 182 dispersal 48,74,121,149,224-226, 327,329,330 enzymes 210 234 25-28S 14,62,78,121,187,192 food 162,179,181,182 dormancy protein 24, 60 si!k 16 oospore 57 actin 14,23 Ingoldian fungi 318,338,339 dung 32,40,55,94,114,132,206, EF-1a 17,23,121 insect associations 180 258,284 hsp 70 17 interphase orotidine-5' -monophosphate chromatin 135,136 economic importance 41 decarboxylase 238 invertebrate associations 259 endobiont 82 RNA polymerase II 17 endophyte 284 tubulin 14,17,20,23,188 karyogamy 52,86 endophytic fungi 170, 222, 223, 226, genetic recombination 226 Karyotype 243,325,332 genetics 227 ultrastructural 87 Subject Index 351 keratinophilic fungi 207 ectotrophic 259 225,238,243,258,259,268, kinetosome 47-50, 52, 76, 102, ericoid 209,259,315 303,319,330,334,339 105-107 vesicular 60 rotifer 94 kinetosome props 102 mycotoxin 223,224,314,319, spider 224 kingdom 3-7,9, 13,30-32 322-324 tardigrade 98, 107 myelin-Iike configurations 45 vertebrate 94 lichenicolous associations 259 pebrine 16 Iichenized fungi 257-259,265-267, nematophagous fungi 259, 338 penicillin 210 270-272 nomenclature xi, 16,33,308 peridium 130,202,204,205,211, life cycle 42,51, 84, 89, 99, 132, 151, nuclear cap 106 240 162,225,226,308 nuclear division 5,43, 58 perithecium 221,228,236-241, life form (see body plan) cruciform 81-83 243-247,249 light microscopic characters 87,98, noncruciform 85 ontogeny 235,236 125,132,135,147,185,228, nuclear envelope 77 reduction 235,250 266,288-303,311,314,335 nucleic acid sequences 14,21,61-63, peroxisome 4, 5, 16, 18, 30, 32 lipids 264 78, 162, 163, 168, 169, 206, 207, phagotrophy 4,5,22,23, 30, 31 LSD (see Iysergic acid diethylamine) 216,226,228,235,249,250,271 pharmaceuticals 210 Iysergic acid diethylamine 170 nucleolus 83 phialide 203, 204, 234 Iysine biosynthetic pathway 4,59, nucleus 4, 105, 106 photosynthesis 31 78 nucleus associated organelle (see phylogeny 3-5,11, 14, 15, 17,20,28, a-amino adipic acid (AAA) 13, spindle pole body) 29,59,60,68,69,73,78,86,87, 14 nutriocyte 204 89, 120, 129, 136, 137, 140, diaminopimelic acid (DAP) 13, nutrition 41,58,63,66,78,116,120, 155-157,167,179,187,212, 25 129, 162, 163, 185, 186 221,222,228,235,238,250 molecular 211,213,214 mating system 184 occurrence and distribution 94 monophyletic xi mazedium 267 ochratoxin 210 phenetic xi medulla 260 oidium 336 plasmodesmata 99 meiosis 4,40,51,57,58,62,85, oogonium 52,53,55,63,66 plasmodium 82, 83 161-163,184 oosphere 52, 56 development 84 merosporangium 122, 123,126,127, oospore 52,53,56-58,62,63,66,67 sporangial 85 129 operculate discomycetes 272 sporogenic 85 metabolism 206 operculum 98 transitional nucleus 85 anaerobic 41 ossiform cells 205 transitional stage
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Microsporum Canis Genesig Standard
    Primerdesign TM Ltd Microsporum canis PQ-loop repeat protein gene genesig® Standard Kit 150 tests For general laboratory and research use only Quantification of Microsporum canis genomes. 1 genesig Standard kit handbook HB10.04.10 Published Date: 09/11/2018 Introduction to Microsporum canis Microsporum canis is a zoophilic dermatophyte which is responsible for dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. They cause superficial infections of the scalp (tinea capitis) in humans and ringworm in cats and dogs. They belong to the family Arthrodermataceae and are most commonly found in humid and warm climates. They have numerous multi-celled macroconidia which are typically spindle-shaped with 5-15 cells, verrucose, thick-walled, often having a terminal knob and 35-110 by 12-25 µm. In addition, they produce septate hyphae and microconidia and the Microsporum canis genome is estimated at 23 Mb. The fungus is transmitted from animals to humans when handling infected animals or by contact with arthrospores contaminating the environment. Spores are very resistant and can live up to two years infecting animals and humans. They will attach to the skin and germinate producing hyphae, which will then grow in the dead, superficial layers of the skin, hair or nails. They secrete a 31.5 kDa keratinolytic subtilisin-like protease as well as three other subtilisin- like proteases (SUBs), SUB1, SUB2 and SUB3, which cause damage to the skin and hair follicle. Keratinolytic protease also provides the fungus nutrients by degrading keratin structures into easily absorbable metabolites. Infection leads to a hypersensitive reaction of the skin. The skin becomes inflamed causing the fungus to move away from the site to normal, uninfected skin.
    [Show full text]
  • Updating the Taxonomy of Dermatophytes of the BCCM/ IHEM Collection According to the New Standard: a Phylogenetic Approach
    Mycopathologia https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-019-00338-7 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) ORIGINAL ARTICLE Updating the Taxonomy of Dermatophytes of the BCCM/ IHEM Collection According to the New Standard: A Phylogenetic Approach F. Baert . D. Stubbe . E. D’hooge . A. Packeu . M. Hendrickx Received: 23 January 2019 / Accepted: 30 April 2019 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2019 Abstract Recent taxonomical revisions based on floccosum as the only representative, fell within the multilocus gene sequencing have provided some Nannizzia clade, whereas the phylogenetic analysis, clarifications to dermatophyte (Arthrodermataceae) based on the ITS region alone, differentiates Epider- family tree. These changes promoted us to investigate mophyton from Nannizzia as a separate genus. Re- the impact of the changed nomenclature of the identification and reclassification of many strains in dermatophyte strains in the BCCM/IHEM fungal the collection have had a profound impact on the collection, which contains strains of all dermatophyte composition of the BCCM/IHEM dermatophyte col- genera except for Ctenomyces. For 688 strains from lection. The biggest change is the decline of preva- this collection, both internal transcribed spacer region lence of Arthroderma strains; starting with 103 strains, (ITS) and partial b-tubulin (BT) sequences were only 22 strains remain in the genus after reassessment. aligned and a multilocus phylogenetic tree was Most Arthroderma strains were reclassified into Tri- constructed. The ITS ? BT phylogentic tree was able chophyton, with A. benhamiae and A. van- to distinguish the genera Arthroderma, Lophophyton, breuseghemii leaving the genus. The amount of Microsporum, Paraphyton, Nannizzia and Trichophy- Microsporum strains also dropped significantly with ton with high certainty.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversification of Fungal Chitinases and Their Functional Differentiation in 2 Histoplasma Capsulatum 3
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.137125; this version posted June 16, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Diversification of fungal chitinases and their functional differentiation in 2 Histoplasma capsulatum 3 4 Kristie D. Goughenour1*, Janice Whalin1, 5 Jason C. Slot2, Chad A. Rappleye1# 6 7 1 Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University 8 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University 9 10 11 #corresponding author: 12 [email protected] 13 614-247-2718 14 15 *current affiliation: 16 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 17 University of Michigan 18 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service 19 Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 20 21 22 running title: Fungal chitinases 23 24 keywords: chitinase, GH18, fungi, Histoplasma 25 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.137125; this version posted June 16, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 26 ABSTRACT 27 Chitinases enzymatically hydrolyze chitin, a highly abundant biomolecule with many potential 28 industrial and medical uses in addition to their natural biological roles. Fungi are a rich source of 29 chitinases, however the phylogenetic and functional diversity of fungal chitinases are not well 30 understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Bodenmikrobiologie (Version: 07/2019)
    Langzeitmonitoring von Ökosystemprozessen - Methoden-Handbuch Modul 04: Bodenmikrobiologie (Version: 07/2019) www.hohetauern.at Impressum Impressum Für den Inhalt verantwortlich: Dr. Fernando Fernández Mendoza & Prof. Mag Dr. Martin Grube Institut für Biologie, Bereich Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz Nationalparkrat Hohe Tauern, Kirchplatz 2, 9971 Matrei i.O. Titelbild: Ein Transekt im Untersuchungsgebiet Innergschlöss (2350 m üNN) wird im Jahr 2017 beprobt. © Newesely Zitiervorschlag: Fernández Mendoza F, Grube M (2019) Langzeitmonitoring von Ökosystemprozessen im Nationalpark Hohe Tauern. Modul 04: Mikrobiologie. Methoden-Handbuch. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. ISBN-Online: 978-3-7001-8752-3, doi: 10.1553/GCP_LZM_NPHT_Modul04 Weblink: https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at und http://www.parcs.at/npht/mmd_fullentry.php?docu_id=38612 Inhaltsverzeichnis Zielsetzung ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Inhalt Vorbereitungsarbeit und benötigtes Material ................................................................................................... 2 a. Materialien für die Probenahme und Probenaufbewahrung ................................................................ 2 b. Materialien und Geräte für die Laboranalyse ...................................................................................... 2 Arbeitsablauf ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolites from Nematophagous Fungi and Nematicidal Natural Products from Fungi As an Alternative for Biological Control
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2016) 100:3799–3812 DOI 10.1007/s00253-015-7233-6 MINI-REVIEW Metabolites from nematophagous fungi and nematicidal natural products from fungi as an alternative for biological control. Part I: metabolites from nematophagous ascomycetes Thomas Degenkolb1 & Andreas Vilcinskas1,2 Received: 4 October 2015 /Revised: 29 November 2015 /Accepted: 2 December 2015 /Published online: 29 December 2015 # The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes are estimated to cause Keywords Phytoparasitic nematodes . Nematicides . global annual losses of more than US$ 100 billion. The num- Oligosporon-type antibiotics . Nematophagous fungi . ber of registered nematicides has declined substantially over Secondary metabolites . Biocontrol the last 25 years due to concerns about their non-specific mechanisms of action and hence their potential toxicity and likelihood to cause environmental damage. Environmentally Introduction beneficial and inexpensive alternatives to chemicals, which do not affect vertebrates, crops, and other non-target organisms, Nematodes as economically important crop pests are therefore urgently required. Nematophagous fungi are nat- ural antagonists of nematode parasites, and these offer an eco- Among more than 26,000 known species of nematodes, 8000 physiological source of novel biocontrol strategies. In this first are parasites of vertebrates (Hugot et al. 2001), whereas 4100 section of a two-part review article, we discuss 83 nematicidal are parasites of plants, mostly soil-borne root pathogens and non-nematicidal primary and secondary metabolites (Nicol et al. 2011). Approximately 100 species in this latter found in nematophagous ascomycetes. Some of these sub- group are considered economically important phytoparasites stances exhibit nematicidal activities, namely oligosporon, of crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Nematode-Trapping Cells of Predatory Fungi of the Orbiliaceae Based on Evidence from Rrna-Encoding DNA and Multiprotein Sequences
    Evolution of nematode-trapping cells of predatory fungi of the Orbiliaceae based on evidence from rRNA-encoding DNA and multiprotein sequences Ying Yang†‡, Ence Yang†‡, Zhiqiang An§, and Xingzhong Liu†¶ †Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 3A Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; ‡Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and §Merck Research Laboratories, WP26A-4000, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486-0004 Communicated by Joan Wennstrom Bennett, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, March 27, 2007 (received for review October 28, 2006) Among fungi, the basic life strategies are saprophytism, parasitism, These trapping devices all capture nematodes by means of an and predation. Fungi in Orbiliaceae (Ascomycota) prey on animals adhesive layer covering part or all of the device surfaces. The by means of specialized trapping structures. Five types of trapping constricting ring (CR), the fifth and most sophisticated trapping devices are recognized, but their evolutionary origins and diver- device (Fig. 1D) captures prey in a different way. When a gence are not well understood. Based on comprehensive phylo- nematode enters a CR, the three ring cells are triggered to swell genetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of three protein-coding rapidly inwards and firmly lasso the victim within 1–2 sec. genes (RNA polymerase II subunit gene, rpb2; elongation factor 1-␣ Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal RNA gene sequences indi- ␣ gene, ef1- ; and ß tubulin gene, bt) and ribosomal DNA in the cates that fungi possessing the same trapping device are in the internal transcribed spacer region, we have demonstrated that the same clade (3, 8–11).
    [Show full text]
  • An Evolving Phylogenetically Based Taxonomy of Lichens and Allied Fungi
    Opuscula Philolichenum, 11: 4-10. 2012. *pdf available online 3January2012 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) An evolving phylogenetically based taxonomy of lichens and allied fungi 1 BRENDAN P. HODKINSON ABSTRACT. – A taxonomic scheme for lichens and allied fungi that synthesizes scientific knowledge from a variety of sources is presented. The system put forth here is intended both (1) to provide a skeletal outline of the lichens and allied fungi that can be used as a provisional filing and databasing scheme by lichen herbarium/data managers and (2) to announce the online presence of an official taxonomy that will define the scope of the newly formed International Committee for the Nomenclature of Lichens and Allied Fungi (ICNLAF). The online version of the taxonomy presented here will continue to evolve along with our understanding of the organisms. Additionally, the subfamily Fissurinoideae Rivas Plata, Lücking and Lumbsch is elevated to the rank of family as Fissurinaceae. KEYWORDS. – higher-level taxonomy, lichen-forming fungi, lichenized fungi, phylogeny INTRODUCTION Traditionally, lichen herbaria have been arranged alphabetically, a scheme that stands in stark contrast to the phylogenetic scheme used by nearly all vascular plant herbaria. The justification typically given for this practice is that lichen taxonomy is too unstable to establish a reasonable system of classification. However, recent leaps forward in our understanding of the higher-level classification of fungi, driven primarily by the NSF-funded Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFToL) project (Lutzoni et al. 2004), have caused the taxonomy of lichen-forming and allied fungi to increase significantly in stability. This is especially true within the class Lecanoromycetes, the main group of lichen-forming fungi (Miadlikowska et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxylipin Distribution in Eremothecium
    1 Oxylipin distribution in Eremothecium by Ntsoaki Joyce Leeuw Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae in the Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa Supervisor: Prof J.L.F. Kock Co- supervisors: Dr C.H. Pohl Prof P.W.J. Van Wyk November 2006 2 This dissertation is dedicated to the following people: My mother (Nkotseng Leeuw) My brother (Kabelo Leeuw) My cousins (Bafokeng, Lebohang, Mami, Thabang and Rorisang) Mr. Eugean Malebo 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank and acknowledge the following: ) God, to You be the glory for the things You have done in my life. ) My family (especially my mom) – for always being there for me when I’m in need. ) Prof. J.L.F Kock for his patience, constructive criticisms and guidance during the course of this study. ) Dr. C.H. Pohl for her encouragement and assistance in the writing up of this dissertation. ) Mr. P.J. Botes for assistance with the GC-MS. ) Prof. P.W.J. Van Wyk and Miss B. Janecke for assistance with the CLSM and SEM. ) My fellow colleagues (especially Chantel and Desmond) for their assistance, support and encouragement. ) Mr. Eugean Malebo for always being there when I needed you. 4 CONTENTS Page Title page I Acknowledgements II Contents III CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 2 1.2 Definition and classification of yeasts 3 1.3 Classification of Eremothecium and related genera 5 1.4 Pathogenicity 12 1.5 Oxylipins 13 1.5.1 Definition
    [Show full text]
  • Orbilia Fimicola, a Nematophagous Discomycete and Its Arthrobotrys Anamorph
    Mycologia, 86(3), 1994, pp. 451-453. ? 1994, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 Orbilia fimicola, a nematophagous discomycete and its Arthrobotrys anamorph Donald H. Pfister range of fungi observed. In field studies, Angel and Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium, Harvard Wicklow (1983), for example, showed the presence of University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 coprophilous fungi for as long as 54 months. Deer dung was placed in a moist chamber 1 day after it was collected. The moist chamber was main? Abstract: Cultures derived from a collection of Orbilia tained at room temperature and in natural light. It fimicola produced an Arthrobotrys anamorph. This ana? underwent periodic drying. Cultures were derived from morph was identified as A. superba. A discomycete ascospores gathered by fastening ascomata to the in? agreeing closely with 0. fimicola was previously re?side of a petri plate lid which contained corn meal ported to be associated with a culture of A. superba agar (BBL). Germination of deposited ascospores was but no definitive connection was made. In the present observed through the bottom of the petri plate. Cul? study, traps were formed in the Arthrobotrys cultures tures were kept at room temperature in natural light. when nematodes were added. The hypothesis is put Ascomata from the moist chamber collection are de? forth that other Orbilia species might be predators posited of in FH. nematodes or invertebrates based on their ascospore The specimen of Orbilia fimicola was studied and and conidial form. compared with the original description. The mor? Key Words: Arthrobotrys, nematophagy, Orbilia phology of the Massachusetts collection agrees with the original description; diagnostic features are shown in Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Exd.13726 - Auteur(S)
    Institutional Repository - Research Portal Dépôt Institutionnel - Portail de la Recherche University of Namurresearchportal.unamur.be RESEARCH OUTPUTS / RÉSULTATS DE RECHERCHE In vitro models of dermatophyte infection to investigate epidermal barrier alterations Faway, Émilie; Lambert De Rouvroit, Catherine; Poumay, Yves Published in: Experimental dermatology DOI: Author(s)10.1111/exd.13726 - Auteur(s) : Publication date: 2018 Document Version PublicationPublisher's date PDF, - also Date known de aspublication Version of record : Link to publication Citation for pulished version (HARVARD): Faway, É, Lambert De Rouvroit, C & Poumay, Y 2018, 'In vitro models of dermatophyte infection to investigate Permanentepidermal link barrier - Permalien alterations', Experimental : dermatology, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 915-922. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.13726 Rights / License - Licence de droit d’auteur : General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document
    [Show full text]
  • A Unicellular Relative of Animals Generates a Layer of Polarized Cells
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A unicellular relative of animals generates a layer of polarized cells by actomyosin- dependent cellularization Omaya Dudin1†*, Andrej Ondracka1†, Xavier Grau-Bove´ 1,2, Arthur AB Haraldsen3, Atsushi Toyoda4, Hiroshi Suga5, Jon Bra˚ te3, In˜ aki Ruiz-Trillo1,6,7* 1Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain; 2Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; 3Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 4Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; 5Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan; 6Departament de Gene`tica, Microbiologia i Estadı´stica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 7ICREA, Barcelona, Spain Abstract In animals, cellularization of a coenocyte is a specialized form of cytokinesis that results in the formation of a polarized epithelium during early embryonic development. It is characterized by coordinated assembly of an actomyosin network, which drives inward membrane invaginations. However, whether coordinated cellularization driven by membrane invagination exists outside animals is not known. To that end, we investigate cellularization in the ichthyosporean Sphaeroforma arctica, a close unicellular relative of animals. We show that the process of cellularization involves coordinated inward plasma membrane invaginations dependent on an *For correspondence: actomyosin network and reveal the temporal order of its assembly. This leads to the formation of a [email protected] (OD); polarized layer of cells resembling an epithelium. We show that this stage is associated with tightly [email protected] (IR-T) regulated transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell adhesion.
    [Show full text]