UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF COVID-19 USING THE HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK

Percentage Percentage 201% Population National Increase in 177% Increase in analysed population Population Food Needs 4,649,658 in Need 7,222,006 24,206,644 Livelihood Zones Population in Need NE01 – Northeast Oases: Dates,NE01 – SaltNor andtheast Trade Oases: Total population facing a Livelihoods Protection Dates, Salt and Trade NE02 –– Aïr Aïr Massif Massif Irrigated Irrigated and Survival Deficit Niger Gardeningening NE03 –– T Transhumantranshumant and and Nomad PastoralismPastoralism With COVID NE03 –– T Transhumantranshumant and and Nomad Pastoralism-CamelsPastoralism-Camels NE04 –– Agr Agropastoralopastoral Belt Belt NE05 –– RainfedRainfed Millet Millet and and 2,133,120 Sorghum Belt Belt Before COVID NE02 NE06 – Cropping/Herding with NE02 NE01 NE06High W –ork Cr Outmigrationopping/Herding with NE01 High Work Outmigration NE07 – Southern Irrigated NE07Cash Cr – opsSouthern Irrigated 771,289 NE06 CashNE08 –Cr Southwops estern Cereals NE06 NE08with Fan-Palm – Southw Presternoducts Cereals withNE09 Fan-Palm – Niger Riv Preroducts Irrigated Rice /'5++ /'5++ NE03 NE03 NE09NE10 –– DallolsNiger –Riv Seasonaler Irrigated Rice

" NE06 Water-Course Irrigated Crops NE06 NE10 – Dallols – Seasonal NE11 – Southeastern Natron Salt " Water-Course Irrigated Crops OuallamNE09 NE07 NE06 NE06 NE13 and Small Basin Irrigated Dates NE05 Mayahi NE11 – Southeastern Natron Salt NE09 NE11 NE07 " NE12 – Komadougou NE12NE13 and Small Basin Irrigated Dates NE05 NE10 NE05 Mayahi NE07 Irrigated Peppers Niamey NE11 NE08 NE12 " NE12NE13 –– LakKomadougoue Chad Flood-Retreat NE05 NE10 NE07 Irrigated Peppers Cultivation with Fishing Not NE08 NE13Zoned –(Deser Lake t)Chad Flood-Retreat CultivationNot Zoned (Deser with Fishingt) Not Population facing Survival and Livelihoods Zoned (Desert) Protection Deficits before COVID and with COVID Not Zoned (Desert) Niger March Outcome Analysis results – population facing Niger C19 results – population facing deficit by month. deficit by month. BEFORE COVID: WITH COVID:

2,500,0002,500,000 Niger urbanNiger urban 2,500,0002,500,000 94,5000 Niger urbanNiger urban Niger ruralNiger rural Niger ruralNiger rural 2,000,0002,000,000 2,000,0002,000,000 43,902 1,500,0001,500,000 1,500,0001,500,000 . Beneficaries . Beneficaries . Beneficaries . Beneficaries BEFORE COVID WITH COVID 1,000,0001,000,000 1,000,0001,000,000 No No No No

500,000500,000 500,000500,000

0 0 0 0 Apr 20 AprMay 20 20 MayJune 20 20 JuneJul 2020 JulAug 20 20 AugSep 20 20 Sep 20 Apr 20 AprMay 20 20 MayJune 20 20 JuneJul 2020 JulAug 20 20 AugSep 20 20 Sep 20 MonthMonth 94,5000 26,765MonthMonth

43,902 22,956 COVID-19 Impacts on Total Yearly Income BEFORE COVID WITH COVID BEFORE COVID WITH COVID Northern Irrigated Cash Crop Agropastoral Urban Livelihood Zone Mayahi Niamey

94,5000 847,862 26,765 43,902 22,956 763,076 BEFORE COVID WITH COVID BEFORE COVID WITH COVID BEFORE COVID WITH COVID

26,765 847,862

22,956 763,076 BEFORE COVID WITH COVID BEFORE COVID WITH COVID

847,862

763,076 BEFORE COVID WITH COVID NE01 – Northeast Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade NE02 – Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening NE03 – Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism NE03 – Transhumant and Household and Seasonal Impacts of COVID 19 Nomad Pastoralism-Camels NE04 – Agropastoral Belt Oualiam NE05 – Rainfed Millet and May Sorghum Belt OUALIAM District: Ouallam MAY NE02Seasonal Expenditure NE06 – Cropping/HerTotalding Income with – food and cash Livelihood Zone: Tilaberi NE01 High Work Outmigration 140% 140% 140% Livelihoods Protection 160% Livelihoods Protection Agropastoral (TLP) NE07 – Southern Irrigated Threshold Threshold 120% 120% Household type: Very Poor Cash Crops 120% Survival Threshold 140% Survival Threshold NE06 100% NE08 – Southwestern Cer10eals0% Food aid Food aid 100% 120% with Fan-Palm Products Wild foods/other Wild foods/other 80% 80% Payment in kind NE09 – Niger River Irrigated Rice Payment in kind 100% NE03 60% 80% 60% Self employment Gifts/remittances NE10 – Dallols – Seasonal Local labor 40% 60% 40% Self employment 80% Migrant labor Ouallam " NE06 Water-Course Irrigated Crops NE06 20% 20% Local labor Livestock sales NE11 – Southeastern40% Natron Salt Migrant labor 60% NE09 NE07 Crop sales 0% NE01 – Northeast Oases:NE13 and Small Basin Irrigated Dates0% NE05 Mayahi Crops Crops Niamey ONDates,DJNE11 Salt andFM TradeAM JJASON 20% ONDJ FMAMJJASON 40% NE12 " NE12 – Komadougou NE05 NE10 NE07 DeficitNE02 – Aïr LivelihoodsMassif Irrigated protection Purchase – survival Irrigated Peppers Deficit Livelihoods protection Purchase – survival 0% 20% NE08 OtherGa foodrdening Exode Crops NE13 – Lake Chad Flood-RetrRef. eatyear OtherCurr. food year ExodeThresholds Crops NE03 – Transhumant and Cultivation with Fishing Not 0% Nomad Pastoralism Zoned (Desert) Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds NE03 – Transhumant and Not Zoned (Desert) Oualiam Nomad Pastoralism-Camels MaOUy ALIAM MAY NE04 – Agropastoral Belt OUALIAM District: Mayahi Seasonal Expenditure Total Income – food and cash MAY NE05 – Rainfed Millet and Livelihood Zone: MAY 140% 140% 140%Mad Sorghum Belt Livelihoods Protection MAD160% Arri Livelihoods Protection ARR.I Household type: Very Poor Threshold 140% LivelihoodsThreshold Protection 160% Livelihoods Protection 120% NE02 120%14120% NE06 – Cropping/Herding withSurvival Threshold 140% 200% ThresholdSurvival Threshold Threshold 160% Livelihoods Protection 140% 200% NE01 High Work Outmigration 120% SurvivalFood ai dThreshold Survival Threshold Livelihoods Protection 100% 100% Food aid 180% Threshold 120% 120% Food aid Food aid Threshold 100% Wild foods/other Wild foods/other 180% NE07 – Southern Irrigated 100%140% Survival Threshold 120% Survival Threshold 80% 80% 160% WildPayment foods/other in kind Wild foods/other 100% Cash Crops Payment in kind Wild foods/other 160% 80% 100% 140% Self employment Payment in kind Local labor Payment in kind 100% 60% NE06 60% NE08 – Southwestern Cereals Gifts/remittances 120%80% Payment in kind 140% Self employment 80% 120% Gifts/remittancesLocal labor Gifts/remittances Self employment 80% 40% 60% 40% with Fan-Palm Products MigrantGifts/remittances labor Local labor 100% Self employment 80% 120% 60% Local labor 60% 100% Migrant labor LivestockSmall sales business NE03 NE09 – Niger River Irrigated Rice Local labor 20% 40% 20% Migrant labor 60% 80% 100% Livestock sales Crop Localsales labor 40% 4080%% Migrant labor 60% NE10 – Dallols – Seasonal Crops Crops Crop sales 0% 0% 60% 80% 40% Migrant labor Crops ONDJ" FMAMJJASNE06 ON 20% 20% ONWDJater-CourseFM IrrigatedAM CrJJops ASON Crops Ouallam NE06 NE01 – Northeast Oases: 2060%% 40% 40% 60% NE11 – Southeastern Natron Salt Livestock sales NE09 Deficit Livelihoods protection Purchase – survival DeficitDates, SaltLivelihoods and Trade protection Purchase – survival 20% NE07 NE13 0% 0% 20% Crop sales 40% Ref. year andCurr. Small year BasinThresholds Irrigated DatesCrops 20% Other food Exode NE05 Crops Other food Exode 40%0% Mayahi ONNE02DJ – Aïr MassifFM IrrigatedAM JJASON Ref.0% year Curr. year Thresholds Crops Niamey NE11 0% 20% NE12 " NE12 – Komadougou Milk DeficitGardening Livelihoods protection Purchase – survival Milk ONDJ FMAMJJASON 0% NE05 NE10 NE07 Irrigated Peppers 20% Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds 0% Crops Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds OtherNE03 food – TranshumantExode and NE08 NE13 – Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Deficit Purchase – survival Other food Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds Nomad Pastoralism 0% Cultivation with Fishing Not Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds NE03Zoned – (Deser Transhumantt) and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels Oualiam MAD Not Zoned (Desert) ARR.I OualiamMad MaArriy NE04 – Agropastoral Belt District: Mayahi MaSeasonalyOUALIAM Expenditure MADTotal IncomeMAY – food and cash ARR.I 140% 200% NE05 – Rainfed Millet and Livelihood Zone: MAD 160% Livelihoods Protection 200% Livelihoods Protection 180% Sorghum Belt Threshold 160% LivelihoodsThreshold Protection 200% Livelihoods Protection 14120% 140%140%140% Livelihoods Protection 180%160% ThresholdLivelihoods Protection Household type: Very Poor NE06 – Cropping/Herding withSurvival Threshold Survival Threshold 180% Threshold 140% NE02 14160%0% Threshold 140% SurvivalThreshold Threshold 100% 120% Wild foods/other 160% Survival Threshold 120% NE01 120% High Work Outmigration Survival Threshold 140% SurvivalLocal labor Threshold 160% 120% 120%12140%0% Wild foods/other Local labor Payment in kind 140% Gifts/remittances 10800%% 10120%0% NE07 – Southern Irrigated Food aid 120% PaymentFood ai ind kind 140% Gifts/remittances Gifts/remittances 100% 100%100%100% 120%120% Wild foods/other 100% Cash Crops Wild foods/other Gifts/remittances 120% 8060% 80% Small business 100% Payment in kind 80% 80% Payment in kind 100% NE06 80% NE08 – Southwestern Cereals Local labor 100% Small business 6040% 8080%% 60% NE01 – Northeast Oases: Self employment 100% Gifts/remittances 8080% Local labor 60% 6060%% with Fan-Palm Products Migrant labor Dates, Salt and Trade Local labor 80% 20% 60% Self employment 6080%% Migrant labor 40% 60% 4040%% Livestock sales Migrant labor 40% 40% NE09 – Niger River Irrigated Rice 60% 60% NE03 Local labor NE02 – Aïr Massif Irrigated Livestock sales 200%% 2020%% Crop sales 40% Livestock sales 40% NE10 – Dallols – Seasonal 60% Crop sales 20% 40%20% CropsMigrant labor Gardening Crop sales 40% ON DJ FMAMJJASON 0% 2040%% Crops 0% " NE06 0% Water-Course Irrigated CropsMilk Crops Crops Ouallam 20% ONDJ FMAMJJASON 20% 0% ONDeficit NE06DJLivelihoodsFM protectionAMJJPurchaseAS – survival ONMilk 20% 0% ONDJ FMAMJJASON NE03 – Transhumant0%40% and Milk NE11 – Southeastern Natron Salt 20% ONOther foodDJ ExodeFMAMJJCrops ASON ONDJ FMAMJJASON Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds 0% NE09 NE07 Deficit Purchase – survival Other food Nomad Pastoralism Deficit Livelihoods protection Purchase – survival NE13 0% Deficitand SmallLivelihoods Basin Irrigated protection DatesPurchase – survival Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds NE05 20% Deficit Livelihoods protectionMayahi Purchase – survival 0% Ref. yearDeficit Curr. yearLivelihoodsThresholds protection Purchase – survival 0% Niamey Other food Exode Crops NE11 Ref. yearOther foodCurr. yearExode Thresholds Crops NE03 – Transhumant and Other food Exode Crops NE12 " Other NE12food – KExodeomadougou Crops Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds NE05 NE10 NE07 Irrigated Peppers Nomad Pastoralism-Camels0% Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds NE08 NE13 – Lake Chad Flood-Retreat NE04 – Agropastoral Belt Cultivation with Fishing Not NE05 – Rainfed Millet and Zoned (Desert) Sorghum Belt Not Zoned (Desert) NE06 – Cropping/Herding with Mad District: Niamey MADNE02SeasonalArri Expenditure TotalARR.I Income – food and cash Mad Arri NE01 High Work Outmigration 140% Livelihood Zone: NIA 200% 140% 160%200% Livelihoods Protection NE07 – Southern200% Irrigated Livelihoods Protection 120% Household type: Very Poor 180% Threshold Threshold 140%180% Cash Crops 180% 120% 160% Survival Threshold Survival Threshold 100% NE06 160% Wild foods/other NE08 – Southw160%estern Cereals 100% 140% Local labor 120%140% Payment in kind 140% 80% 120% with Fan-Palm Products Gifts/remittances 80% 120% Gifts/remittances 120% 60% 100%100% NE09 – Niger River Irrigated Rice NE03100% Small business 60% 80% 100% 40% 80% 80% Local labor NE10 – Dallols – Seasonal 40% 60% 80% Migrant labor 20% " 60% NE06 Water-Course Irrigated Crops Ouallam NE06 60% 40% Livestock sales 60% 20% 40% 0% 20% Crop sales NE11 – Southeastern40% Natron Salt 0% NE09 NE07 40% ONDJ FMAMJJASON 20% NE13 Crops and Small Basin Irrigated Dates NE05 0% ONDJ FMAMJJASON Mayahi 20% Niamey 0% Milk Deficit Livelihoods protection Purchase – survival Milk 20% ONDJNE11FMAMJJASON " NE12 – Komadougou0% Deficit Livelihoods protection Purchase – survival Milk ONDJ FMNE12 AMJJASON Other food Exode NE05 Crops NE10 NE07Deficit Purchase – survival Other food Irrigated Peppers Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds Other food Exode Crops 0% Deficit Purchase – survival Other food NE08 Ref. year Curr. year Thresholds NE13 – Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing Not Zoned (Desert) Notes on the Analytical Process What is NotHEA Zoned (Desert) • HEA Outcome Analysis (OA) was carried out by HEA Working Groups in each • Household Economy Analysis is a livelihoods-based framework for analyzing the country between May-July 2020. The analysis updated the previously completed way people obtain access to the things they need to survive and prosper. March OA, with monitoring data that took into account the economic impacts of • HEA consists of a baseline profile of household economics, complemented by COVID-19 mitigation measures by government Outcome Analyses that measure the impacts of different shocks on those household • The analysis tool that was used in Mauritania, Niger, and Nigeria was the National economics. LIAS; this permitted the use of multiple problem specifications (changes of key food • The impacts are measured in relation to how households can acquire the food and and income sources), in line with the months when mitigation measures were cash they need to meet a Survival Deficit* or Livelihoods Protection threshold**. implemented. In Chad, the standard analysis tool, the LIAS, was used; problem specifications were therefore averaged out over the course of the year, depending on their seasonality. * Survival deficit: minimum cost to access 2100 kcals in food and costs associated with the • The analysis is valid through the end of the 2020 consumption year which is preparation and consumption of that food, along with water needs. Households below this threshold need humanitarian assistance to survive. generally October 2020 (or September 2020 in Nigeria), with some variation based on livelihood practices and weather patterns. ** Livelihoods protection threshold: income required to sustain current livelihoods activities and access to basic services. Households below this threshold have eroded resilience and • All analysis done in local currency. need assistance to protect livelihoods.

For more information on HEA, please visit: heacod.org or foodeconomy.com