THE COLORADO SPRINGS
WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM THE COLORADO SPRINGS WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM
To quote from a City of Colorado Springs report: "Of all problems that have occupied the time and best efforts of the City Councilmen...that of securing a sufficient supply of water has been the greatest."
"It has been almost impossible to keep up with the growth of the city in the last five or six years, but the city council has wisely (approved funds) to carry on their work, and at the present time we are supplying the city with all the water that is needed."
"...there were many legal complications. The cost of all this work was very great."
If asked to pinpoint the vintage of this report, someone familiar with water in the West and, specifically, Colorado Springs' efforts to maintain its domestic supply, could rightfully pick 1983, or 1973, or 1933 or even as far back as 1873.
The problems are the same. Only the names, dates, methods and places change from one decade to another.
Actually, the report quoted above was prepared in 1902 covering the fiscal year that *ended in March.
"Attempts at digging wells were not very successful, and by the year 1876 the people had begun to agitate the question of constructing water works and bringing water from the mountains. The proposition was a simple one, being only a question of money."
Thus it remains today--legal complications, "only a question of money," people "agitating" over the city's water system and council, now guided by the professional staff of the Department of Public Utilities, laboring at length over acquiring and maintaining a good city water supply.
Newcomers to,Colorado Springs, and there are many because of the area's attractiveness as well as its job opportunities, frequently "discover" it isn't easy to supply the growing demand for water in this semi-arid region.
19 Early settlers made this same discovery back in the early 1870s. That's when they dug an open ditch from Fountain Creek into their small town. From it they dipped out their needs for drinking, bathing, washing clothes or whatever. It ran "clear and limpid through the streets," according to early day accounts.
But by 1876, the ditch water had become "polluted" and that's when the local citizens began agitating for a new system. Those in the respon- sible positions began looking to the mountains for a water supply.
Thus it has been ever since.
Development of a "local" mountain system, meaning water from Pikes Peak, began in the 1890s. Through grants from the U.S. Congress and out- right purchases, the City acquired title to the Seven Lakes and surrounding lands. For example, in 1891, Colorado Springs paid $70,000 for the Seven Lakes and built a dam on Lake Moraine, the first of the Seven to be improved.
It developed Boehmer in 1894, Bighorn and Wilson in 1896, Mason and McReynolds'in 1905 and, finally, Big Tooth in 1929.
That South Slope system and other added facilities were sufficient to keep Colorado Springs supplied with good domestic water into the 1930s.
History has proven that the community cannot wait until the last drop of water has been committed before it begins building for the future.
Initial survey work on the North Slope watershed was undertaken for the City as early as 1901. In 1908 it acquired private property on North and South Catamount, Crystal, North Cascade, South Cascade and Cascade Creeks. In 1913, an Act of Congress set aside an additional 10,000 acres for water development. Finally, in 1930, the City bought for $30,000 the holdings for Empire Land and Water Company.
During the '30s, when the federal government was encouraging what today would be 'labor intensive' projects to help pull the nation out of the Great Depression, two North Slope reservoirs--Crystal and South Catamount-- were built, with 30 percent of the funds coming from the U.S. North
20 Catamount Reservoir was added to this system in 1960, primarily to accomo- date water being produced from the Blue River System.
The South and North Slopes of Pikes Peak in 1982 supplied Colorado Springs with just under 15,000 acre feet of water and through the years averages about 13,000 acre feet.
(An acre foot is equal to 325,851 gallons.)
In addition to the Seven Lakes, the South Slope system includes seven tunnels, the longest of which is Strickler Tunnel at 6,480 feet. The North Slope has three reservoirs, Crystal, South Catamount and North Catamount. There are 10 tunnels in this system, nine on the Old North Slope pipeline and one on the New North Slope pipeline.
The post-World War II jump in the area's population served notice that even the combination of North •and South Slopes of Pikes Peak would not long keep up with the increasing demand for water.
In 1949, the City moved again, this time acquiring the original North- field System consisting of, among other things, the Old Northfield Reservoir, Nichols Reservoir and a treatment facility. This system, which included the water rights, was purchased for about $1.25 million.
The Blue River Project, completed in the early 1950s, marked the City's first venture into transmountain diverson of water although bringing water from the "other side" of the Continental Divide had long been studied by engineers and was the dream of visionaries for decades.
"The Blue," as it is commonly referred to by Water Division personnel, As to this day a major contributor to Colorado Springs' water supply.
(Please refer to Page 44 for a breakdown of all sources of water and the amounts contributed by each project during 1984.)
While "The Blue" was being built, engineers were already at work acquiring water rights and designing a project which eventually led to construction of Phase I of the Homestake Project.
21 Homestake became a joint venture of Colorado Springs and Aurora with the two cities sharing equally both the costs and the production. Homestake I sent its first water into those two communities in 1967. While publicity about the engineering "marvels" of Homestake I-- such as the 5/12 mile tunnel beneath the Continental Divide--has created a common impression that this is "the" major water source for Colorado Springs, in actuality it is just one of several projects upon which local citizens must rely for their water.
As a "cog" in the overall picture of planning, financing, acquisition and construction of water projects, Homestake I is vital. But so are others.
Colorado Springs has been receiving, since the late 1970s, water from the Bureau of Reclamation's Fryingpan-Arkansas Project as have numerous other entities, including Pueblo.
In 1982, for example, the Fry-Ark project supplied Colorado Springs with 14,363 acre feet of water which was moved through the existing Home- stake system. Completion of the Fountain Valley Conduit is now anticipated for 1985 at which time this project water will be moved from Pueblo via pipeline to Colorado Springs with the other Fountain Valley participants-- Fountain, Widefield, Security and Stratmoor Hills--sharing the production according to need.
A monumental acquisition was completed by the City in 1972, after long negotiations and public hearings, of shares in the Twin Lakes Company 'near Leadville, with options to purchase more. The initial purchase came to $13.5 million. . Since that time, the city has exercised its options and today owns a majority interest in this water supply with additional options still available through 1987. •
In 1984, Twin Lakes produced for Colorado Springs 7,248 acre feet of water.
22 Next major step for Colorado Springs will be construction of Phase II of the Homestake Project. Appeals from the Final Environmental Impact Statement have been denied and a ruling from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the cities' 404 application has been issued. Still to come is the 1041 permit from Eagle County and, almost assuredly, litigation in the courts. The future may see development of the Eagle-Arkansas Project which, in essence, would become a continuation of the joint Homestake Project.
Regardless, the process of providing Colorado Springs' citizens with a good and adequate water supply which started in the 1870s with an open ditch, continues.
(Details of each project and other data contained in subsequent pages.)
23
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DEVELOPED SUPPLIES
Potable Non-Potable Total
Pikes Peak 13,900 Northfield 600 South Suburban - Rosemont 2,500 400 Pinello Ranch 1,400 Blue River Project 12,100 Homestake Project (Phase I) 12,900 Twin Lakes Project 24,600 Fryingpan-Arkansas Project 14,400 Hanna Ranch 5,800 Monument Creek 800 Imported Return Flow 33,800
TOTAL PRESENT 82,4001 40,8002 123,200
1 Present annual average potable use is about 60,000 acre feet.
2 Present annual average reuse and non-potable use is about 7,400 acre feet.
UNDEVELOPED SUPPLIES
Twin Lakes Project (Proxy Group Purchase) 2,400 Homestake Project (Phase II) 11,200 Eagle-Arkansas Project 3,900 Blue River Expansion/Exchange 5,800 Additional Homestake Rights 4,800 Imported Lawn Irrigation Return Flow 12,600 Imported Return Flow 15,500
TOTAL FUTURE 28,100 28,100 56,200
TOTAL ALL RESOURCES 110,500 68,900 179,400
Note: Volumes shown are net to City's distribution system.
24 HOMESTAKE WATERSHED
Location
Northwest of Leadville, Colorado, 160 miles west of Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Reservoir
Homestake - 1967
Capacity - 6,948,662,000 gallons (Colorado Springs' share)
Dimensions - 225 feet high and 2,200 feet long
Streams (Creeksl Feedin9 Reservoir
1. Fancy Creek
2. French Creek
3. Sopris Creek
4. .Missouri Creek
5. Homestake Creek
6. East Fork Homestake Creek
Other Major Collection and Transmission S,ystem Facilities
1. Homestake Tunnel - 1965 - 29,040 feet long
2. Missouri Tunnel - 1965 - 7,000 feet long
3. Otero Pumping Plant
4. Little Annie, Goddard and Rampart Range Tunnels
5. Cross Creek collection system - not developed
6. Eagle-Arkansas collection system - not developed
26 To Woodland Park Transmission and Delivery 4111•=10.M.4 To Aurora 66" t 48" Northfield Pipeline Pipeline Rampart Res.
or Homestake ivide Water Arkansas umping North Slope River, Plant I S. Cat/N. Cat Via Homestake Turquoise and ...MIS ARMIN, Lakes Res. Twin Twin , Lakes/ ; Otero 30" Montgomery Pipeline Connection
Colorado Springs and Aurora are equal partners in the Homestake project. The joint venture Homestake project terminates at a point south of Spinney Mountain Reservoir. From the 66-inch pipeline terminus, the cities individually constructed facilities necessary to transmit the Homestake waters to their systems.
Homestake water is collected in Homestake Reservoir and moves through the Continental Divide via the Homestake Tunnel into Lake Fork Creek above Turquoise Reservoir. Homestake water flows through Turquoise Reservoir, the Mount Elbert Conduit and Twin Lakes Reservoir into the Arkansas River, moving downstream a few miles before it is diverted and boosted by the Otero pumping plant through a 66-inch diameter, 50-mile pipeline. The 66-inch pipeline terminates at a point south of Spinney Mountain Reservoir. Aurora's water moves through Spinney Mountain and Eleven Mile Reservoirs and flows via the Platte River to Aurora. Colorado Springs' share of water flows via a 48-inch diameter pipeline, 26 miles in length, into either Rampart Reservoir at Northfield or diverted through and boosted by the Divide pumping plant via the 30-inch Montgomery pipeline to the North Slope of Pikes Peak.
In 1980, the Divide Pump Station No. 2 was installed just west of Divide, Colorado to increase flow of water from Otero Pump Station to North- field's Rampart Reservoir. Construction began in 1984 on a pipeline to connect the Otero Pump Station intake to the Twin Lakes outlet works. This pipeline will transport Homestake, Twin Lakes and some Fryingpan-Arkansas water.
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28 BLUE RIVER WATERSHED
Location
Northwest of Fairplay and Alma, Colorado
Reservoirs Montgomery - 1957
Capacity - 1,595,510,000 gallons
Construction - Earth and rock fill with asphalt face
Dimensions - 110 feet high and 1,950 feet long Upper Blue - 1966
Capacity - 690,515,000 gallons
Construction - Earth and rock fill with asphalt face
Dimensions - 85 feet high and 980 feet long Streams Feedin9 Reservoirs
1. Crystal Creek
2. Spruce Creek
3. McCullough Creek
4. Blue Rivdr Headwaters
5. East Hoosier Creek
6. Hoosier Creek
7. Silver Creek
8. Middle Fork of South Platte River
29 Other Malor Collection and Transmission System Facilities
1. Hoosier Tunnel - 1951 - 7,788 feet long 2. Quandary Tunnel - 1955 - 5,400 feet long 3. McCullough Tunnel - 1961 - 6,427 feet long 4. Divide Pumping Plant - 1969
Transmission and Delivery
48" Homestake Pipeline .11M111111.mmummes...... Northfield Rampart Res. Divide or Blue River Pumping North Slope Water Plant S. Cat./N. Cat.
30" Pipeline
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A series of three tunnels and other collection and transmission facilities divert stream flow and Upper Blue Reservoir water to Montgomery Reservoir. Water from Montgomery Reservoir flows through a 30-inch pipeline, some 70 miles in length, to reservoirs (North Catamount or South Catamount) on the North Slope of Pikes Peak or can also be diverted through .a connection in the Divide pumping plant via the 48-inch lower Homestake pipeline to Northfield Rampart Reservoir.
30 I TOWN of BRECKENRIDGE _ I la ;) I 1:4 DIVERS/ON I TM. 30'111polloo DIVERSION I DAY I DIVERSION DAN lic CULLMAN I :i . *, 30"Plo4firio I it le DIVERSION DAN
:•••0 .,.. 1:41. .0.- r'''',I.„...... - ••'''N •.• I ..... C% iii/(134— ' 4.‘) tiooslo ..*/ SILVER 'f. 411.• 4.. DIVERSION DAMS .I I O.0. • • • .0 EMMEN CR. ,• I 0* Vd# ...• .. 1.••as. %...—‘1.9•6 ••she'• • . ..,•""Ast c matereovErty .•.• - I PtESERVOIR - HOOSIER MSS I 2 • I ,•41 — 3o"PrEu NE 10 ,,. NORTHSLOPE I 0A s I z I 1.111' I I SLUE €RIZMIZ I ZDAZEIZSRED SOUTH SLOPE WATERSHED
Location
On the south side of Pikes Peak, southwest of Colorado Springs.
Reservoirs
Big Tooth - 1929 Capacity - 210,137,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with gunite facing Dimensions - 70 feet high and 625 feet long Boehmer - 1894 Capacity - 176,293,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 40 feet high and 750 feet long Mason - 1905 Capacity - 640,298,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 50 feet high and 1,500 feet long McReynolds - 1905 Capacity - 667,858,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 37 feet high and 750 feet long Lake Moraine - 1891 Capacity -227,900,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 35 feet high and 425 feet long Bighorn - 1896 . Capacity - 62,271,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 22 feet high and 1,200 feet long Wilson - 1696 Capacity - 218,017,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 26 feet high and 1,650 feet long
32 Streams iCreeks1 Feeding Reservoirs
1. Boehmer 2. Little Beaver 3. Sackett 4. Middle Beaver 5. Main Ruxton 6. Lion 7. Sheep 8. Cabin 9. South Ruxton 10. Willow 11. East Fork of West Beaver Creek
Other Major Collection and Transmission System Facilities
1. Strickler Tunnel - 1900 - 6,480 feet long 2. Saint\John's Tunnel - 1904 - 2,400 feet long 3. Ruxton Creek (Manitou) Intake 4. Five Tunnels
Transmission and Delivery
Main Ruxto eep Creek Lion Cree 30" N. Slope Pipeline Cabin Creek 20"-24" N. Slope Pipeline Ruxton Manij * South Power 20" jPlant Hydro 30" Mesa Slope i 24" 20" Afterbay 1 Plant & Treatment Water After- 24" Plant Pipeline Lines Bay 16" Ruxton Pipelines Intake 10" and Settler Pipeline
4 33 The South Slope of Pikes Peak was the first major water source for Colorado Springs with development beginning in the late 1880s. Water collected in Bighorn and Wilson Reservoirs is diverted through the Strickler Tunnel to Boehmer Reservoir. Water from Boehmer Reservoir is released downstream into either Mason or McReynolds Reservoirs. Water from Mason and/or McReynolds Reservoirs flows through the Saint John's Tunnel to Lake Moraine. Water from Lake Moraine can be diverted to Big Tooth Reservoir or delivered through the Ruxton and Manitou Hydroelectric Plants to the Mesa Water Treatment Plant. Water from Big Tooth Reservoir and stream flow from Main Ruxton, Lion and Sheep Creeks is diverted through the Manitou Hydroelectric Plant to the Mesa Water Treatment Plant.
Construction was started in 1984 to enlarge the spillway capacity of Big Tooth Reservoir and to enlarge the storage capacity of Lake Moraine.
34
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Location
On the north slope of Pikes Peak, 18 miles west of Colorado Springs.
Reservoirs
Crystal - 1935 Capacity - 1,082,300,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with steel facing Dimensions - 133 feet high and 756 feet long South Catamount - 1937 Capacity - 803,400,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with steel facing Dimensions - 124 feet high and 1,145 feet long North Catamount - 1960 Capacity - 3,793,420,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 185 feet high and 1,200 feet long
Streams Feeding Reservoirs or Diverted
1. North Catamount 2. South Catamount 3. Crystal 4. South Cascade 5. North Cascade 6. French
Other Major Collection and Transmission S,ystem Facilities
1. Cascade Creek Intake 2. French Creek Intake 3. Ten Tunnels
36 Transmission and Delivery
Pikes Peak Fry-Ark Homestake Lakes Twin 24" to Northfield Blue River (Nichols Reservoir) Water To Gm. Mtn. Falls & Mesa Chipita Park Treatment Plant i 4 North Slope Water
To Manitou To Cascade IL 20-24" Pipeline No. & So. Cascade Creek French Creek 24" S. Slope Pipeline (penstock) . North Slope water can be discharged from any one of the three reservoirs (North Catamount, South Catamount, or Crystal) into the 24-inch pipeline to Northfield (Nichols Reservoir), or into the 20-24-inch North Slope pipeline to the Manitou Hydroelectric Plant afterbay.
Water flowing through the 24-inch Northfield pipeline can be diverted through the new 30-inch North Slope pipeline five and one-half miles to the 24-inch Manitou Hydroelectric Plant penstock. In addition, , the towns of Green Mountain Falls and Chipita Park are served from the 24-inch pipeline.
The old 20-24-inch North Slope pipeline also collects stream flow from Cascade and French Creeks prior to delivery into the Manitou Hydro- electric Plant afterbay. The town of Cascade is served from the 20-24-inch water main.
Green Mountain Falls, Chipita Park and Cascade water receives chlorine disinfection before entering the distribution systems. Planning and engineering for construction of a filtration plant which will provide fully treated water to these communities is under way. _
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30"041 MONTGOMERY PENROSE - ROSEMONT WATERSHED
Location
Approximately 25 miles southwest of Colorado Springs on the Gold Camp Road.
Reservoir
Rosemont - 1932 - enlarged in 1962 Capacity - 826,807,810 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with steel facing Dimensions - 110 feet high and 680 feet long
Streams (Creeks) Feedin2 Reservoir
1. Gould Creek 2. East Beaver Creek
Other Major Collection and Transmission S.ystem Facilities
1. 'Platt-Rogers Tunnel - 1952 - 6,100 feet long 2. Fisher Canyon Reservoir - 1929 3. Penrose Reservoir - 1917 4. Four Tunnels - No. 1 through 4
Transportation and Delivery Destination
Golf Course Golf Course Broadmoor Treatment 8" Pipeline Penrose Plant Res.
Penrose
RiTieMont 10" 10" Water Pipeline Pipeline
39 Water stored in Rosemont Reservoir flows through a 10-inch pipeline 12-3/4 miles long to Fisher Canyon Reservoir. Flow in the 10-inch pipeline can be diverted to the Broadmoor Water Treatment Plant, Penrose Reservoir or the new Broadmoor golf course. Water not diverted continues its journey another one mile to the Fisher Canyon Reservoir.
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40 I TEcl/cROSE cROSEMOTIZ ZDAZE€RSWED NORTHFIELD WATERSHED
Location
On the Rampart Range, 32 miles northwest of Colorado Springs.
Reservoirs
Northfield - 1890 Capacity - 90,000,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 34 feet high and 443 feet long Nichols - 1913 Capacity - 191,000,000 gallons Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimensions - 51 feet high and 410 feet long Rampart - 1970 Capacity - 13,317,992,000 gallons . Construction - Earth and rock fill with rock facing Dimenions - 270 feet high and 3,400 feet long
Streams (Creeks) Feedin2 Reservoirs
1: Upper West Monument Creek 2. North Fork West Monument
Other Malor Collection and Transmission S/stem Facilities
1. Rampart Range Tunnel No. 1 - 1955 - 3,900 feet long 2. Rampart Range Tunnel No. 2 - 1966 - 1,900 feet long
42 Transmission and Delivery North Slope Water
24's Pipeline Homestake Blue River Northfield Twin Lakes Water To Northfield Res. Fry-Ark Pikes Peak 42"-36"-30" Northfield Pipeline Pine Valley Treatment Plant
The majority of water stored in Northfield Reservoirs is imported water from other systems. Currently this includes water transported from Pikes Peak, Homestake, Blue River, North Slope, Twin Lakes and Fryingpan- Arkansas.
Water stored in Rampart Reservoir flows through a 42-36-30-inch pipeline 3.8 miles to the Pine Valley Water Treatment Plant with an intermediate discharge into Northfield Reservoir. Water from Rampart Reservoir is also released to flow down stream into Nichols Reservoir. Water from Nichols Reservoir is released down stream into Northfield Reservoir. Water from Northfield Reservoir is delivered to the Northfield Water Treatment Plant.
Stanley Canyon Reservoir is no longer utilized by Colorado Springs, having been transferred to the Air Force Academy in 1969.
Planning is ongoing for future construction of a second water treat- ment plant and a tunnel and pipeline with a hydroelectric generating plant to transport water from Rampart Reservoir to the existing and future Pine Valley Water Treatment Plants.
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PIPELINE AWART AWART TWIN LAKES WATER
The City of Colorado Springs owns approximately 50 percent and will own 54.6 percent by January 1, 1987 of the Twin Lakes Water Company. Colorado Springs' share of Twin Lakes water is collected in Twin Lakes Reservoir, flows down Lake Creek to the Arkansas River, is diverted and boosted by Otero Pumping Plant through the Homestake Pipeline to Northfield or diverted and boosted by the Divide Pumping Station to the north slope of Pikes Peak via the 30-inch Montgomery Pipeline.
Northfield Rampart Stream Otero 66-48" Pipeline Twin Lakes Pumping Reservoir Water Plant or Flow North Slope
,Minim. alma .1.011, S. Catamount/ Divide N. Catamount Twin Lakes/ Pumping Otero Connection Station
30" Montgomery Pipeline
Construction began in 1984 on a pipeline to connect the Otero Pump Station intake to the Twin Lakes outlet works. This pipeline will transport Twin Lakes, Homestake and some Fryingpan-Arkansas water.
45. FRYINGPAN-ARKANSAS PROJECT
The Fryingpan-Arkansas Project is a multiple purpose reclama- tion project that includes the collection and transmountain diversion of water from the Fryingpan and Roaring Fork Rivers in western Colorado to the Arkansas River in eastern Colorado.
El Paso County and in particular the communities of Colorado Springs, Fountain, Security, Widefield and Stratmoor, are area parti- cipants in the project and will receive water made available by the project diversion.
Completed plans call for Fryingpan-Arkansas water to be delivered Pueblo to Colorado Springs via the Fountain Valley Pipeline from the impounded Reservoir. In the meantime, Fryingpan-Arkansas water is being the in Turquoise Reservoir and transported to Colorado Springs via Homestake system.
innimanowe Northfield Rampart Res. Fry-Ark Water Stream 66-48" or Flow Pipeline North Slope S. Cat. - MIMO alma =NOM N. Cat. Twin Lakes/ Otero Connect. Future Development r_ IMO IMP 4.7 1 • i4t7n1717j\,7 Fountain 1 ;Stations 0, Valley IColorado Fry-Ark Water ! •1 Treatment 1.------44Springs Pueblo Res. I k Plant Pipeline 'Distribution 1 I • 0/ 1 1
46 future development VIA ARKANSAS RIVER TO PUEBLO RES. ANO FOUNTAIN VALLEY PIPELINE TO AM A Pt" •IMOKS4** GROUND WATER SUPPLY
Ground water plays a relatively small but important part in supplying Colorado Springs' water. Only two percent of Colorado Springs' present water supply is obtained from ground water sources. Ground water sources are the Pinello and Hanna Ranch wells.
Pinello Ground Water Sueel.y
The Pinello property has 14 individual wells and is located approxi- mately five miles south and east of Colorado Springs, immediately west of the town of Security. Ground water from Pinello wells is collected and delivered into a central storage and pumping facility and pumped from there through a 16-inch pipeline into the City's distribution system. Presently Pinello supplies water to Colorado Springs and the town of Security.
Pinello Pump To Pinello Chlorination Well O.Distribution Metering 16" Pipeline System Water Station
To Security System
48 Hanna Ground Water Suffix
The Hanna property, which includes a total of 14 wells, is located approximately 17 miles south of Colorado Springs on 1-25. Presently Hanna supplies water to the town of Fountain and provides the water needed for Unit I of the R.D. Nixon Power Plant.
Hanna To 18" Pipeline Power Well Nixon Water Plant
mr To Fountain System
49 LOCAL STREAM FLOW SUPPLY
Over the years local streams have supplied their share of water consumed in Colorado Springs. In the early 1930s about 60 percent of the water annually used came from streams in the immediate area as com- pared to about five percent today. Local streams are Fountain Creek, Bear Creek, North and South Cheyenne Creeks and Sutherland Creek, French Creek, North and South Cascade Creeks.
Fountain Creek
Water from Fountain Creek is diverted by an intake and pumping station located at the intersecton of 33rd Street and Fountain Creek. The Fountain Creek pumping station, containing four pumps, boosts the water through a 20-inch pipeline one and one-half miles to Mesa Water Treatment Plant.
Fountain (33rci 20" To Creek ). Street Mesa Treatment Water Pump Pipeline Plant Station
50 Bear Creek
Bear Creek water is diverted from Bear Creek by an intake located just south of the intersection of Gold Camp Road and Bear Creek Canyon Road. Water diverted by the intake flows into a settler and then through a 12-inch pipeline three-tenths of a mile into the Colorado Springs' distribution system. Bear Creek water receives chlorine disinfection prior to distribution.
Bear Bear Creek Creek Intake-Settler To 12" Water and Distribution Chlorination Pipeline System Structure
North and South Cheyenne Creeks
Effective January 1, 1966 Colorado Springs Acquired the South Suburban Water Company and its holdings, including water rights on North and South Cheyenne Creeks.
North Cheyenne Creek water is diverted at an intake located about one mile west of the North and South Cheyenne Canyon Road intersection. Water diverted by the intake flows through an 18-inch pipeline approxi- mately one mile to South Suburban Reservoir or to Gold Camp Reservoir via a 20-inch branch line extending from the 18-inch pipeline. Water stored in the South Suburban Reservoirs is released into Cheyenne Canyon tank (distribution storage).
51 North and South Cheyenne Creeks continued ...
Gold Camp --101 Reservoir 20" Pipeline
20" Pipeline ). 4c1:Yenne 36" Pipeline 30" '• Canyon North )0 12" Pipeline Pipel met Tank To Dist. Cheyenne 8" Pipeline System Creek t---1S. Cheyenne Water nir -treek Water 'South Suburbark —*reservoir 18" Pipeline 16" Pipeline
South Cheyenne Creek intake located just west of Mesa Avenue and South Cheyenne Canyon Road intersection diverts water into either one of two 12-inch pipelines extending from the intake. The second 12-inch line transfers water approximately one-half mile to a pump station which then boosts the water the remaining one-quarter mile to South Suburban or Gold Camp Reservoir. South Suburban water receives chlorine disin- fection prior to distribution.
South Suburban or old Camp Reservoir
12" Pipeline Myers Ditch Myers To 12" Pipeline Intake P. Cheyenne Structure Ditch Lake
52 Sutherland Creek
Sutherland Creek water is no longer diverted directly to Colorado Springs from Sutherland Creek but flows into Fountain Creek and is diverted from Fountain Through the Fountain Creek pump station. How- ever, a small amount of water from Sutherland Creek is being sold on an exchange basis to a private property owner owning and operating a camp- ground adjacent to Sutherland Creek.
53 FUTURE POSSIBILITIES
City Council on March 20, 1985, passed an emergency ordinance allowing approval of a proposed purchase and sale agreement for water rights, storage, land and rights-of-way, and a controlling interest in the Lake Henry Reservoir Company, the Lake Meredith Reservoir Company, and the Colorado Canal Company, all located east of Pueblo.
The properties are presently owned by Foxley & Company, a Nebraska corporation with offices in Denver.
The agreement is expected to increase the City's annual water supply by approximately a minimum of 8,750 acre feet to a maximum of 17,500 acre feet with the City estimating the probable amount available for the City's use at 13,000 to 15,000 acre feet. It will also provide valuable addi- tional storage rights.
The agreement gives the City the exclusive right to purchase the Foxley interest in the water rights, land, and stock, during the term of the agreement (eight years), without obligating the City to complete the purchase until Foxley meets certain preconditions. These preconditions assure the City the right to use the water for municipal purposes and to exchange the water upstream from Lake Henry or Meredith into the City's water system.
The purchase price for the Foxley interest is based on two main points: $5 million for the physical facilities in the agreement, and an amount for the actual water acquired based on a price of $1,300 per acre foot which escalates starting in the third year of the agreement.
The acquisition may afford major benefits to the City. The City's purchase price could range from $16 to $42 million, with the City estimating costs of approximately $30 to $35 million.
On top of the acre feet of water which the City could add to its annual water supply is the addition of new storage capacity of at least 27,000 acre feet which will increase the operational flexibility of other water rights owned by the City.
54 It will improve city use of transmountain return flow important in the management of water rights. Lake Meredith and Lake Henry could be used as regulating reservoirs for exchange whereby Colorado Springs return flows that go to the Arkansas River at Fountain Creek could be diverted in the Colorado Canal, stored and subsequently exchanged upstream. The water rights as well as the reservoirs and the Colorado Canal were once part of the Twin Lakes Reservoir and Canal Company, but were spun off prior to the sale of the controlling interest in the Twin Lakes Company to the City of Colorado Springs and others in the 1970s.
The Colorado Canal diverts from the Arkansas River approximately 2.5 miles upstream from the Town of Boone about 17 miles east of Pueblo. It travels east for approximately 50 miles to a terminus point at Lake Meredith and Lake Henry.
Lake Henry is approximately one and a half miles long by one and a half miles wide at its widest point. Lake Meredith is approximately six and a half miles long running southwest to northeast and is about two miles wide at its widest point.
Lake 'Henry has an active storage capacity of 9,363 acre feet of water. Lake Meredith has an active storage capacity of 39,804 acre feet of water.
The controlling interest to be purchased in the three water companies under terms of the proposed agreement is as follows: 56.4 percent simple majority interest in the Colorado Canal Company; 51.9 percent simple majority interest in the Lake Meredith Company; and 77.2 percent controlling interest in the Lake Henry Company.
Presentation of the contract followed direction given by City Council under water acquisition policies and was the product of several months of intensive negotiation between Foxley & Company representatives and city utilities and financial staff.
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i714A WATER TREATMENT AND TREATED WATER STORAGE
Treatment Plant Backround
The City's water treatment operations date back to 1942 to a small plant which was constructed on the mesa near the Garden of the Gods. The Mesa Water Treatment Plant, originally built with a capacity of six million gallons per day, was expanded in 1960 to a capacity of 24 million gallons per day, and renovated in 1970 to increase the capacity to 32 million gallons per day. Improvements to the plant in 1978 and 1980 increased the maximum capacity to 35 million gallons per day.
The 1949 purchase of the Northfield Water Company included acqui- sition of the company's Pine Valley Water Treatment Plant which had a modest capacity of two million gallons per day. With the eventual building of a new and larger water treatment plant, this small but capable facility was retired from service in July, 1969.
Construction of a second water treatment plant began in 1957. This water treatment plant is located on the Northfield reservoir system, 32 driving miles northwest of the city, high in the mountains on the Rampart Range. The plant was originally built with a capacity of 18 million gallons per day. Microstraining units along with associated equipment were added in 1962 and 1963 increasing the capacity of the plant to 20 million gallons per day.
The Department's third water treatment plant to be constructed was the Pine Valley Water Treatment Plant located on the southwest corner of the United States Air Force Academy. This new 40 million gallon per day plant was placed into full operation in July, 1969. With the pressurization of the Pine Valley Pipeline in 1980, the plant's capacity was increased from 40 million gallons per day to 60 million gallons per day. Expansion now underway will bring the plant's capacity to 84 million gallons per day in 1986.
57 The Water. Division acquired the Broadmoor Water Treatment Plant and distribution system May 1, 1973 bringing the total number of water treatment plants to four. The 1.7 million gallons per day Broadmoor Plant is located southwest of the City in the Broadmoor area.
The newly constructed Fountain Valley Treatment Plant is currently located south of Colorado Springs. Colorado Springs' share of this plant will add approximately 13 million gallons per day to total capacity when it goes into operation. Additional facilities at the Pine Valley Water Treatment Plant are hydro- currently under consideration as part of a combined water supply - electric proposal known as the Stanley Canyon Project.
58 Colorado Springs' present total water treatment capacity is 117 million gallons per day.
General Description of Water Treatment Processes
Water treatment involves physical, chemical and biological changes that transform polluted or contaminated raw water into potable water that is completely satisfactory for domestic use. Water treatment incorporates, modifies or supplements certain natural processes which generally consist of the four fundamental processes of coagulation, sedi- mentation, filtration and disinfection.
Coagulation
Coagulation is the process of destabilization and initial aggregation of collodial and finely divided suspended matter by the addition of a chemical, such as hydrated aluminum sulfate, to form precipitate comprises of floc particles which are more or less gelatinous in character. Sedimentation • Sedimentation is a process of gravity settling and deposition of suspended matter carried by water. It is usually accomplished by reducing the velocity of the water below the point at which it can transport the suspended material. Filtration
Filtration is the process of removing suspended matter from water as it passes through layers or beds of porous material. The degree of removal depends on the character and size of the filter media, the size and quantity of the suspended particles.
Disinfection
Water disinfection, as now ordinarily considered, involves specialized treatment for the'destruction of harmful, and/or other objectionable
59 I I "nuisance" organisms. Classically, disinfection processes have been 1 employed to destroy or inactivate disease-producing organisms, more specifically, bacteria of intestinal origin. Typically, disinfection I is done by adding chlorine to the water just prior to its entering the treatment process and/or just prior to the waters entering the distri- I bution system. I I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I
I 60 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The Colorado Springs' water distribution is generally a gravity system which extends about 11 miles from west to east and 16.5 miles from north to south. Areas which cannot be served by gravity can generally be served by pumped service. Within the water service area, ground elevations range from about 6,800 feet in the northeast corner of the city to 5,750 feet in the southern part of the city. Because of the wide range in ground elevations, there are six different pressure zones: 1. Woodmen Valley 2. Templeton 3. Northfield (Columbia Road, Holland Park, Westmoor and Tudor Valley) 4. Highline (Bear Creek) 5. Lowline 6. Broadmoor (Four Tank Levels) Each lower pressure service zone can be fed through regulators from the higher' pressure zones as well as from its own distribution storage tanks.
Water Quality
Water Division laboratories perform chemical, physical and biological examinations on all raw and treated water supplies. All treated water constantly meets the Safe Drinking Water Standards.
Because of the many sources of raw water and the flexibility of the raw water supply system, the chemical content of the water varies consider- ably throughout the city.
Treated Water Stora9e
All treated water is stored in covered reservoirs and tanks. At present there are 27 treated water storage tanks and reservoirs with a combined capacity of 90.9 million gallons of water.
61 1984 WATER SUMMARY REPORT
WATER CONSUMPTION
Total Consumption .•••• ...... 20,270,139,000 Gallons AveragePerDay . .. .. •. •. •. •. •• •.. •• • • • • .. . . • 55,382,893 Gallons Maximum Month - July . • .. • .. • . • • . • .. . . 3,070,886,000 Gallons Minimum Month - February . • ...... • . . . • 999,107,000 Gallons Maximum Day - July 25, 1984 . . . • • .. • • .. . • . 128,075,453 Gallons Minimum Day - January 1, 1984 . • . • . . • • • .. 30,974,229 Gallons
TOTAL MOUNTAIN STORAGE STATUS
January 1, 1984 . • . • • • • • . • • . • • • • • ...... 49,681,000,000 Gallons
January 1, 1985 . •••••••••••••• • • • . • . . • 51,338,000,000 Gallons
TRANSFERS
Blue River to North Slope, Pikes Peak . . • . • • • . . • • . 4,003,231,000 Gallons Blue River to Northfield ...... • • ...... • 154,442,000 Gallons Homestake to North Slope, Pikes Peak • . • • . • • . • • • -0- Gallons Homestake to Northfield .. • • . . . . . • • • .. • . . 4,564,685,000 Gallons Fryingpan-Arkansas to North Slope, Pikes Peak ...... • -0- Gallons
Fryingpan-Arkansas to Northfield . . . . • •••••• 0 -0- Gallons Twin Lakes to North Slope, Pikes Peak • • • ..•..... -0- Gallons Twin lakes to Northfield . ...••••••. . . • . • . . 1,491,450,000 Gallons North Slope to Northfield .. ••••••••.. • .. • • • -0- Gallons
WELL WATER FROM OTHER SOURCES
Pinello Wells • • 0 0 0 0 0 • • • 4 • • • .. • . •• 385,367,000 Gallons
• • • * Cherokee Wells • • • • • • 0 • • • • • •.... • 130,552,000 Gallons
Total Well Water to System • • • 515,919,000 Gallons
* This water was exchanged for water reserved by the Town of Woodland Park through the Homestake Pipeline.
62 1984 Water Summary Report Page Two
TOTAL INTO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Blue River • • • • • • 0 • • • II • 0 • 0 • 0 0 3,525,844,000 Gallons 17.4% Homestake . . . • • • • • • • ••••• .. . . 7,643,306,000 Gallons 37.7% Fryingpan-Arkansas • • • 4. . •••••• . .. . 45,471,000 Gallons .2% Twin Lakes . . • • • • • • • • • • • . • .. . 311,783,000 Gallons 1.5% Pikes Peak* . • . • • • • . • • • • • . • . 5,305,076,000 Gallons 26.2% Rosemont • . • • • . • • . . . • • •...... 197,728,000 Gallons 1.0%
Northfield • . • • • • • . . .. • • • • • • 1,575,436,000 Gallons 7.8%
Wells • . . • e 6, *ire •• ••••• *es 515,919,000 Gallons 2.0; Bear Creek • • • • • • • • • . • . . • 4. • . . 663,175,000 Gallons 3.3% South Suburban.. ••••••••....• . . 498,095,000 Gallons 2.4% Storage Change . • • . • • • . • . • . . .. . - 11,694,000 Gallons - .1%
TOTAL . . • 0 • • • 0 0 • • • . . ...20,272,139,000 . Gallons 100.0% * Includes Manitou Intake and Fountain Creek
BLUE RIVER PROJECT
Gross Yield . . . . . • • • • • • . . . • . . 11,393,035,000 Gallons Net Yield . . • ...... 4,657,563,000 Gallons Includes 1,445,312,000 Gallons of South Platte Water and 1,044,706,000 Gallons Delta Water. (Water added to Montgomery Reservoir from unmeasured run-off.) Total Delivered to Colorado Springs...... 4,157,673,000 Gallons Total Delivered to Woodland Park . . • . • • . • 1,140,000 Gallons Total Delivered to Aurora . .••••••••. -0- Gallons
Total at End of the Year:
Montgomery Reservoir . • • . • • . . . • . 1,195,630,000 Gallons Upper Blue Reservoir ..•••...... -0- Gallons
HOMESTAKE PROJECT
Gross Yield ...... 3,467,603,000 Gallons Net Yield (Includes Yields to Colorado Springs and Aurora) • . . . . . • ...... 3,467,603,000 Gallons Total Water Diverted Through Homestake Tunnel to Turquoise Reservoir for Colorado Springs and Aurora ...... 9,246,392,000 Gallons Ii Total Delivered to Colorado Springs .. . • . • 4,564,685,000 Gallons Total Delivered to Woodland Park . • -...... 99,932,000 Gallons Total Delivered to Aurora ...... -0- -Gallons Total Energy Used to Operate Otero Pump Station 19,856,000 KWH
63 1984 Water Summary Report Page Three
Colorado Springs Storage at the End of 1984:
Homestake Reservoir . .••••••• . . • . . • 1,068,634,000 Gallons Turquoise Reservoir . .••••••••••• ▪ . . • • . 8,862,382,000 Gallons FRY INGPAN-ARKANSAS PROJECT
Total Fry-Ark Storage in Pueblo Reservoir at the End of 1983 8,755,000,000 Gallons 1984 Allocation to Colorado Springs ...... • . 4,682,000,000 Gallons Totalvere o Colorado Springs Through Homestake line -0- Gallons Total Delivered to Woodland Park Through Homestake line • • . -0- Gallons Total Lost to Arkansas River Stream losses ...... • -0- Gallons Total Fry-Ark Storage in Pueblo Reservoir at the End of 1984 13,437,000,000 Gallons TWIN LAKES PROJECT
Total in Storage at Beginning of 1984 ...... • • • . 8,580,000,000 Gallons Total Allocation to Colorado Springs 1984 ...... • 1,582,428,000 Gallons Total Received from Aurora in Exchange for Homestake Water • -0- Gallons Less Total Received by Aurora in Exchange for Homestake Water ...... -0- Gallons Total Water Available for Delivery to Colorado Springs ... 10,162,428,000 Gallons Total Delivered to Colorado Springs .. • ••••••• • 1,655,222,000 Gallons Total Delivered to Woodland Park .. • ...... - • . • 21,978,000 Gallons Total Lost to Arkansas River Stream Losses ...... • 136,952,000 Gallons Total Storage.at End of Year in Twin Lakes .. • • • • • . . 8,649,000,000 Gallons
TRANSMOUNTAIN RETURN FLOWS
The City of Colorado Springs exchanged 3,051.36 AF of Transmountain Return Flows into Sugarloaf storage at Turquoise Reservoir during the calendar year. 1984. Those return flows were made up of the following waters:
Blue River . 00000 ••••••••••••••••••• 493.27 AF Homestake • . • . • •••••••••••••••••• 2,230.18 AF
Twin Lakes ...... •••••••••••••••••• 327.91 AF
Fry-Ark ...... • • •••••••••••••••••• AF
Total .. • • • .. •••••••••••••••• • • 3,051.36 AF
There was 377.62 AF of Transmountain Return Flows In temporary storage at Pueblo Reservoir at the end of 1984.
64 NET PRODUCTION FROM ALL SOURCES - 1984 WATER YEAR
(For City of Colorado Springs)
Homestake 5,321 AF
1 * Blue River 14,295 AF 1 Fryingpan-Arkansas 14,363 AF Twin Lakes 7,248 AF
Pikes Peak (Including 334d Street Pumps) 14,200 AF
Bear Creek 1,955 AF
Rosemont ,709 AF
South Suburban 1,428 AF
Northfield Local 251 AF ** Well Water 1,319 AF
Total 62,089 AF
* Includes - Delta Water (water added to Montgomery Reservoir from unmeasured run-off. - Middle Fork of the South Platte River Water.
** Includes - Chapel Hills well water. - Pinello (Clear Springs) well water. - Cherokee well water is not included because of an exchange for water taken by Woodland Park from the Homestake Pipeline.
65 WATER SYSTEM OPERATION CONTROL CENTER
In the spring of 1980, the Water Division Regulation and Treatment Section commenced operating a consolidated facility at 2855 Mesa Road. Prior to occupation of the new building, personnel were operating from fragmented locations and coordination was difficult.
The Water System Operation Control Center houses the Regulation and Treatment administrative offices, quality control laboratory, electronic control unit, and the systems operations control unit. The heart of the Control Center is the computerized water distribution system which controls the 1,141 miles of mains and lines within the city. By making adjustments through the computer, the operator can change valve positions, increase or decrease pressures, control pump operations and maintain a steady flow of water throughout the system. The need for a centralized water control facility became evident to the Water Division in the 1960s as the water distribution system was expanding rapidly to meet the demands of a fast-growing community. Acqui- sition of that facility has greatly eased the management and operational problems associated with a diverse and complex water distribution system.
66 I I UTILITIES LOCATIONS I The Central Locating Section provides the following services for I all Department of Utilities' divisions: 1. Surface locate all underground utilities installations for the four utility divisions (gas, water, wastewater I and electric) and assist property owners with locating II their services. 2. Provide excavation of utility lines for required engi- I neering design for main extension or development planning. 3. Investigate all underground utility damage to insure I proper billing and map and record correction. 4. Maintain records regarding central locating operations. I I I I I I I I I I
I 67 WATER EQUIVALENTS TABLE
1 cubic foot 7.48 gallons
1 acre foot 43,560 cubic feet 325,851 gallons (An acre-foot covers 1 acre of land 1 foot deep)
1 cubic foot per second 449 gallons per minute (cfs)
1 cfs646,317 gallons per day For 24 hours...... 1.983 acre-feet
1 million gallons 3.07 acre-feet
1 million gallons per day (mgd) 1,121 acre-feet per year
1,000 gallons per minute (gpm) •.▪ . 2.23 cfs acre-feet per day 1,000 gpm ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4.42
1 mgd ...... 1.547 cfs
1 mgd 694 gallons per minute
68