Environment and Social Impact Cell, NTDC Room 140, WAPDA House, Lahore Email: [email protected]
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF 132 KV DOUBLE CIRCUIT TRANSMISSION LINE FOR DISPERSAL OF POWER FROM 147 MW PATRIND HYDROPOWER PROJECT TO MANSEHRA GRID STATION (40 KM) August, 2017 Environment and Social Impact Cell, NTDC Room 140, WAPDA House, Lahore Email: [email protected] 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 23 1.1 OVERVIEW 23 1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND 25 1.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT 27 1.4 NEED FOR EIA STUDY 27 1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY 28 1.6 THE PROPONENT AND CONSULTANT 28 1.7 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 28 1.8 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS 32 1.9 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 33 1.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) 34 1.11 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 34 1.12 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 34 CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 36 2.1 GENERAL 36 2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY (NCS) 36 2.3 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2000 36 2.4 ENVIRONMENT RELATED NATIONAL LAWS/ POLICIES 37 2.4.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 37 2.4.2 KPK Environmental Protection Act, 2014 38 2.4.3 Environmental Protection Agency Review of lEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 38 2.4.4 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000 39 2.4.5 The Antiquities Act, 1975 40 2.4.6 The Motor Vehicles Ordinance, 1965, and Rules, 1969 40 2.4.7 The Factories Act, 1934 40 2.4.8 The Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 41 2.4.9 The Explosives Act, 1884 41 2.4.10 National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance 41 2.4.11 The Forestry Act, 1927 41 2.4.12 The Telegraphy Act, 1910 41 2.4.13 The West Pakistan Water and Power Act, 1958 42 2.4.14 The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 42 2.4.15 Safety Regulations 42 2.4.16 Other Regulations 42 2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES 43 2.5.1 Guidelines of Pakistan EPA 43 2.5.2 International Protocols and Obligations 43 2.5.3 The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 1979 43 2.5.4 The Rio Declaration, 1992 43 2.5.5 Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar Convention), 1971 44 2.5.6 USAID Environmental Procedures - 22 CFR Part 216 44 CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 45 3.1 GENERAL 45 3.2 JUSTIFICATION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 45 3.3 PROJECT SCOPE OF WORK 46 3.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES 48 3.5 THE PROJECT COST 48 3.6 EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY AND OTHER MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR THE 49 PROJECT CONSTRUCTION 3.7 Climatic Conditions 51 2 3.8 Tower Foundations and Structures 52 3.9 Safety Parameters 52 3.10 Construction Aspects 54 3.11 Activities during Construction Phase 56 3.12 Activities during Operation Phase 58 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 60 4.1 No Project Option 60 4.2 Location Based Alternatives 60 4.3 Alternative Construction Methods 60 4.4 Alternative Route Alignment 61 CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS 62 5.1 Physical Environment 62 5.2 Geological Setting 62 5.3 Soils 62 5.4 Climatic Conditions 63 5.5 Surface and Ground Water Hydrology and Drainage 64 5.6 Ambient Air Quality 65 5.7 Noise 65 5.8 Natural Hazards 65 5.9 Biological Surveys Methodology 66 5.10 Key Habitats of Project Area 67 5.11 Floral Attributes 68 5.12 Fauna Attributes 70 5.13 Socioeconomic Environment 72 5.13.1 Overview of the Area 72 5.13.2 Pattern of Settlement 72 5.13.3 Languages Spoken 73 5.13.4 Migration 74 5.13.5 Social Organization 74 5.14 Economy of the Project Area 75 5.15 Wholesale and Retail Trade 76 5.16 Government and Private Employment 76 5.17 Labor and Daily Wage Earners 76 5.18 Coal Mining 77 5.19 Fishing 77 5.20 Housing and Household Facilities 77 5.21 Women and Development 78 5.22 Education 78 5.23 Health Facilities 78 5.24 Poverty and Social Protection 78 5.25 Communication 79 5.26 Power Supply 79 5.27 Archaeological and Cultural Sites 79 5.28 Security Situation 79 5.29 Security Overview 80 5.30 Security Related Incidents 81 5.31 Community Perceptions 81 5.32 Role of Community in Security Arrangements 81 5.33 Notion of Significance 81 CHAPTER 6: STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 83 6.1 OBJECTIVES OF CONSULTATION 83 6.2 CONSULTATIVE ASPECTS 83 6.3 STAKEHOLDER‟S CONSULTATIONS 83 6.4 SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATIONS 84 3 CHAPTER 7: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND 86 MITIGATION MEASURES 7.1 Impact Assessment Methodology 86 7.2 Project Siting / Design Impacts 86 7.4 Impacts Related to Construction Activities 89 7.5 Impacts Related to Operation and Maintenance Activities 100 7.6 Beneficial Environmental and Social Impacts 104 CHAPTER 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN 105 8.1 GENERAL 105 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) 105 8.3 Institutional arrangements for implementation of EMMP at 128 NTDC 8.3.1 Design and Construction Stage 128 8.3.2 Chief Engineer (EHV-I) 128 8.3.3 Project Director (PD) 128 8.3.4 Executive Engineer and Sub Divisional Officers (XENs and SDOs) 129 8.3.5 Environment and Social Impact Cell, NTDC 129 8.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM 130 8.5 ESTIMATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT COSTS 131 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 133 9.1 CONCLUSIONS 133 9.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 134 4 LIST OF FIGURES Title Page Figure 1: Key Map of project area with alignment 12 Figure 2: Site Plan for Mansehra new grid station 13 Figure 3: Existing Network of NTDC 24 Figure 4: Seismic Zone Map of Pakistan 65 (a) Figure 5: Flood Zone Map of Pakistan 66 (a) LIST OF ANNEXES Annexure 1: Material List for each type of Tower Annexure 2: Questionnaire/forms for social survey Annexure 3: Details of stakeholder consultations Annexure 4: Biological attributes of the project area Annexure 5: NTDC Compensation Policy Annexure 6: Emergency Response and Contingency Plan Annexure 7: Waste Management Plan 5 LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE Page Table 1: Project component details 11 Table 2: Distance (approximate) of proposed 132 kV D/C T/ L from Major 46 Settlements Table 3: Towers, Hardware, Insulator, Damper and Other item details of 49 Proposed T/Ls Table 4: Distribution of Labor 55 Table 5: Average Monthly Temperature at Balakot and Muzaffarabad (1960- 63 2003) Table 6: Average annual and monthly rainfall of Balakot and Muzaffarabad 63 Table 7: Number and Percentage of Floral Life Forms 69 Table 8: Dominant Floral Families with number of species 69 Table 9: Socio Statistics of Surveyed Areas 73 Table 10: Notables of the Area: 81 Table 11: Distance of T/L Crossing Points at Kunhar River 91 Table 12: Land usage of proposed 132kV D/C T/L from Patrind HPP to 96 Mansehra New Grid Station Table 13: Details of Road crossings along the 132 kV/220 kV T/Ls routes 99 Table 14: Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan - DESIGN PHASE 107 Table 15: Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan - CONSTRUCTION 110 PHASE Table 16: Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan - OPERATION AND 123 MAINTENANCE PHASE Table 17: Grievance Redress Process 131 Table 18: Estimated Environmental and Social Management Costs 132 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AOI Area of influence BAP Biodiversity Action Plan CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals CITES the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CO Carbon Monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COI Corridor of Impact CSC Construction Supervision Consultant dB Decibel D/C Double Circuit EHV Extra High Voltage EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMF Electromagnetic Field EMMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPD Environment Protection Department ESIC Environment Social Impact Cell GOP Government of Pakistan GRC Grievance Redressal Committee GS Grid Station IEE Initial Environmental Examination IESCO Islamabad Electric Supply Company IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature Km Kilometer KPK Khyber Pakhtunkhwa kV Kilo Volts LAA Land Acquisition Act LAC Land Acquisition Collector LAO Land Acquisition Officer LL Low Loss MW Mega Watts NCS Pakistan National Conservation Strategy 7 NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NOC No Objection Certificate NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NOx Oxides of Nitrogen NTDC National Transmission & Despatch Company PAI Project Area of Influence Pak-EPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council P/H Power House PM Particulate Matter PPC Pakistan Penal Code RAP Resettlement Action Plan ROW Right of Way SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SOx Oxides of Sulphur TA Telegraph Act T/L, TL Transmission Line TDS Total Dissolved Solids TSS Total Suspended Solids USAID U.S. Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION Pakistan is facing acute electricity shortages and requires the addition of new power sources on a fast track basis. Patrind Hydro Power Project, is currently being constructed which is expected to be operational by mid‐2017. Evacuation of electricity from 150 MW Patrind HPP is required for which NTDCL proposes to lay D/C of 132 kV, using rail conductor of length 45 km, from Patrind HPP to Mansehra New 132 kV grid station in Phase‐1. One of these circuits would be direct whereas the other circuit, would be looped in/out at Balakot 132 kV substation with the distance of Patrind HPP – Balakot of 32 km and Balakot – Mansehra New of 23 km. NTDCL requested USAID financing for the T/L project to be implemented under Phase I.