Test Review #2 Chaise Lounge Design 20 Rubber webbing and animal skin/ leather Rocking and multiple positions Chairs Klismos Greek 5th & 4th century BCE Eero Saarinen Curving, splayed sabre-shaped legs Tulip chair Hand carved One leg - pedestal chair Fabric or animal skin on the seat. Reinforced-plastic shell Load-bearing capabilities of early plastic required aluminum stem.

Womb chair Covered fiberglass shell with: foam rubber padding and upholstery

Michael Thonet Ray & Charles Eames Bentwood chairs, light and curvilinear. Architect & Furniture design, Developed a system of steam Function of chair more important than appearance. bent veneers. Charles & Ray Eames (husband & wife) and Seats of cane or plywood. Eero Saarinen developed (1940’s): Mass production, low prices New laminates & wood bending techniques, Cafe chair 1st produced 1859 & Fiberglass and plastics for furniture. still in production. Produced for Navy during the WWII: Wood leg splints, stretchers, & aircraft parts

Marcel Breuer, architect Bauhaus Eames Wood Dining Room Chair Among first to use tubular steel Laminated Wood Some with metal legs Wassily Chair Some animal hide upholstery For painter Wassily Kandinsky’s home mechanical details visible Tubular-steel & leather Lounge Chair and Ottoman Cesca Chair Eames’ first design for luxury market Most archetypal ex. of steel furniture Leather and wood Woven cane seat, cantilever Not mass-produced, hand labor & craftsmanship “Cesca” after daughter Francesca. Eames and Saarinen Mies Van Der Rohe Plastic armchair Cantilever Chair Fiberglass shell With and without arms Material developed for aircraft radar domes Tubular steel and leather First fiberglass chair

Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect Barcelona Chair (Mies) Ant Chair Jacobsen’s most First displayed International successful design Exposition 1929 Still in production Chrome frame 1 piece molded plywood seat & back Leather upholstery & straps Cantilevered over x frame Egg Chair Brno Chair Shell + molded polyurethane foam For Tugendhat House in Brno, Czech Upholstered with fabric or leather Cantilever Can swivel & adjustable steel and leather Tension depending on the user’s weight. Star base is made of aluminum. Le Corbusier Grand Comfort Armchair Swan Chair Furniture = machine for sitting Similar to egg chair, with wings. Chrome plated tubular steel frame. Gerrit Rietveld Leather cover Red and Blue Chair 1918 Regarded as first modernist chair. Lacquered wood Rietveld (cont.) (Frank Gehry, CONT.) Zig-Zag Hat Trick or Apple Basket series Wood, cantilever Inspired by wicker furniture & bushel baskets Response to Bauhaus steel chairs Collection named after ice hockey terms laminated hard white maple Alvar Aalto Finnish Architect Cantilever Philippe Starck, French Removed layers of veneer at areas of greatest curve Laminated birch, bent and rolled to provide support Defends plastics as only ecologically sound solution

60’s Chairs: Costes Chair Pop culture in / functionalism out Plywood on black lacquered steel base Explore the new materials and processes . leather and ebony trim Eros Verner Panton Martini glass shape. First single-piece plastic chair Plastic and chromed-steel base Borrowed shape of Rietveld’s Zig-Zag Dr. Glob Chair Front legs and seat polypropylene (red), HANS WEGNER, Danish rear legs; steel tubing Peacock Chair solid ash and teak Industrial Products comfort was a goal Design for large-scale industry & mass distribution. Classic Chair (aka “The chair”) Significant style trends Industrial design solid teak, woven cane seat 1. MAYA Design harmony of craftsmanship & modern design Most advanced, yet acceptable handmade 2. Packaging Embellishment sculpture-like forms. Protective case for a product Careful study of human form 3. Streamlining -- bullet shapes & sleek lines Minimizes resistance through a fluid or air. Italian Chairs: 4. Accelerated obsolescence Sacco Esthetic design changes that tempt owners leather or vinyl bag to replace goods more frequently Filled with polystyrene beads Marilyn (After Marilyn Monroe) American Design examples: lips design reinterpretation of Dali’s Mae West Sofa Zeroll Ice Cream Scoop lightweight foam construction Defrosting fluid uses body heat Joe (After Joe DiMaggio) Zippo Lighter lifetime guarantee Inspired by Claes Oldenburg Lear Jet First mass manufactured business jet natural glove leather, expensive Slinky -- Originally to stabilize ship instruments Molded polyurethane foam Tupper Ware Original seals for WWII gas masks Blow (inflated) Tea Kettle Michael Graves pop material Segway Human Transporter-self-balancing scooter cheap and expendable Intel microprocessor. IBM used in its first PC Macintosh Classic Apple computer 70’s Chairs Growing concern over environment: Oil crisis of 1973 , earth’s dwindling resources. Raymond Loewy One of most successful American designers Frank Gehry Largest design firm in 1930’s Easy Edges Air Force One for President Kennedy laminated corrugated cardboard S-1 Locomotive, Silversides Greyhound bus Immediate success, withdrawn by Gehry Studebaker automobile, Sncase helicopter (Didn’t want to distract from reputation as Sears Coldspot refrigerator architect.) Lucky Strike pack, Shell & Exxon logos

Little Beaver Walter Dorwin Teague edges left as if an animal had been chewing Kodak cameras and Polaroid Cameras laminated corrugated cardboard Cash Register

page 2 (Teague CONT) Post Modern Architecture & Johnson Texaco Stations Late 20th-century architecture Blue Sled glass radio includes historical references Boeing 707 interior Classical elements reintroduced more playful than classical or classical revival Philippe Starck Architect furniture & industrial designer American Telephone and Telegraph N.Y. Designed interiors for French President Mitterand Top resembles Chippendale cabinet Hot Berta tea kettle. Water in thru handle Postmodern architectural landmark Juicy Salif lemon juicer cast aluminum Dr. Kiss toothbrush, Dr. Skud fly-swatter Pittsburgh Plate Glass -- Gothic post modern

Architects Financial District: Eero Saarinen, Finnish 101 California International Style (Modern) & Expressionism sawtooth setbacks glass cylinder, open atrium General Motors Technical Center Mich. 40 foot piers cut through atrium reflected modern technology 580 California stainless steel faceless sculptures glass mansard roof CBS Headquarters - only skyscraper (NY) Michael Graves Dulles Airport, Virginia Portland Building For Federal Government. Post-Modern Icon Steel & concrete suspension structure. Energy efficient, low budget TWA Kennedy Airport Small square windows Free-flowing curves, concrete Deep colors—browns, blues, and rusty red bird-like symbolism Fully-designed environment Team Disney, Burbank Post-modern Disney Corporate Offices & studio lot. Gateway Arch St. Louis, Missouri Columns: 7 dwarfs stainless steel mural in dinning room by Graves graceful sweeping tapered curve Hyatt Regency Japan Copper clad columns, red sand stone base Philip Johnson Pyramid on dome, which illuminates lobby Modern & Post Modern architect. Director Architecture Department, MOMA (New York) Clos Pegase Winery, Napa Valley, post modern Intro. European modern architecture to America Coined term: International Style: Frank Gehry, Canadian Deconstructed architectural style Seagram’s Building. Exploded aesthetic. Collaborated with mentor, Mies on Adapted aerospace software to architecture. “Glass House,” Connecticut Gehry House Santa Monica Johnson’s own home Deconstruction Rectilinear structure Re-working conventional, bungalow Use of large glass panels as walls. “Cheap tech” off-the-shelf and ordinary Central brick cylinder containing a bathroom old house wrapped with metal slipcover Low walnut cabinets for kitchen equipment. Slanted lines and angled protrusions.

Crystal Cathedral. Garden Grove LA Norton House Venice, California Structure: 4-pointed star Post-Modern a gigantic chimney for cooling. Lifeguard shack, log tori bigger than Notre Dame Cathedral Maximize views & privacy on a tiny site Steel frame tent with glass panels

page 3 (Gehry CONT.) Chiat/Day Office Venice, California. Bay Area Architect, faculty U.C. Berkeley White building nautical look Favorite materials and techniques: Copper clad columns: forest native wood, hand-crafted details Binoculars (Claus Oldenburg) materials associated with factories: entry to the building exposed concrete, factory windows Important structures: skylights in eye piece First Church of Christ, Berkeley conference rooms Palace of Fine Arts San Francisco (rebuilt in 60’s) for Panama-Pacific Exposition (1915) Netherlands Group, Czech Republic neoclassical Theme Roman ruin - “The “Wave” or Fred and Ginger Greek ornament Steel, glass, precast concrete Lost many structures in 2 different fires (1923,1991)

Guggenheim, Bilbao, Spain Limestone, titanium Studied with Bernard Maybeck First woman: Guggenheim, New York (planned) enrolled in École des Beaux-Arts. Paris To be located on 4 piers in Lower Manhattan granted architect’s license in California Glass and titanium Career advanced by: 1906 Earthquake & Hearst family Walt Disney Concert Hall, LA Important structures: Exterior titanium. Interiors douglas fir. Berkeley Women’s City Club Many YWCA’s Arata Isozaki, Japanese Hearst Estate at Wyntoon MOCA Museum of Contemporary Art, L.A. St. John Presbyterians Church Berkeley Post-Modern craftsman style Natural light pyramids skylights redwood, exposed beams and trusses San Simeon Red sandstone, granite, glass, copper sheathing 28 years for completion Galleries are below ground level. Lavish & ostentatious residences incorporated Hearst’s collection of antiques, Team Disney Building, Florida & art Post-Modern Shakers Creative offices American religious colony late 1700’s Japanese rock garden. Act of prayer -- to make a thing well Sun dial in central cylinder. Ideals: communal living, pacifism, Entry suggests gigantic Mickey Mouse ears. equality of genders and celibacy

Richard Meier, Modern architect Shakers- Modern Design White enameled panels and glass. no historic reference Influenced by Corbu no ornamentation Douglas House Michigan modern material & techniques Lake side slope appearance follows function. White structure contrasts with environment Interior floor extends through glass wall to Shaker Chair deck Sturdy light weight nautical look Could be hung on walls Finials for handling and hanging hats etc. High Museum of Art, Georgia Free of European influences Steel columns & concrete Stretchers not aligned White porcelain-enameled steel

Getty Center Los Angeles, 1997. Art Museum funded by: Getty, (American oil billionaire) Material: travertine (type of limestone)

page 4