Life Cycle Cost

DGNB CRITERION ECO1.1 LIFE CYCLE COST

CORE AND SCHEME SHEET Offices Version 2014

TOPIC Economic Quality

CRITERIA GROUP Life Cycle Cost

RELEVANCE FACTOR 3 SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE 9,6%

OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE

Costs arise throughout a building’s life cycle: from construction, through operation and maintenance, to demolition. From an economic perspective, the aim is to reduce the building’s total life cycle costs (LCC) to a minimum.

The objective of the LCC analysis in certification is to facilitate a comparison between different buildings with the same use. This requires clear rules for identifying and documenting building costs as well as comparable benchmarks for their evaluation. These rules create clear parameters which allow evaluations of different buildings with the same use to be compared.

In order to focus on construction-based LCC, the evaluation is based on certain key costs categories which are calculated for a pre-defined study period.

Additional Explanation

Design and construction processes often focus on reducing initial construction cost. Costs incurred throughout the building’s entire life cycle, such as the follow-up costs during its use, are often neglected.

As part of a holistic approach to LCC, the analysis should be based on a defined scope and time period. Thus decisions about the design and the construction decisions can be taken with a long term view, taking into account selected costs in use, weighted for the individual use phases.

METHOD

LCC is a valuable technique that is used for predicting and assessing the cost performance of constructed assets. LCC is one form of analysis for determining whether a project meets the client’s performance requirements (ISO 15686-Part 5).

All of the costs, from project development to construction and handover of the building, are defined as ac- quisition costs. Maintenance and operation costs are determined at net present value over a period of 50 years. Costs are given as a net value per m² of gross floor area (GFA, total floor area according to ISO 9836). The evaluation is performed by comparing the building’s ecological performance data to comparable buildings.

The following selected cost categories should be taken into account when calculating building-related life- cycle costs:

° Selected construction costs ° Selected occupancy costs with – selected operation costs (supply and disposal, cleaning, energy consumption, operation, inspection, and maintenance) and selected maintenance costs ° Selected dismantling and disposal costs

Calculation methods

1. Selected construction costs The construction cost calculation is concerned with the separation of structural and technical building components. For details, see APPENDIX 1. Costs should be adjusted to reflect price levels for 2010 using relevant price indices for the country in question. Costs are given as net costs per m² of gross floor area. Real construction costs must be included where possible, however no more than 20% of the total sum of construction costs may be provided as cost estimates.

2. Selected occupancy costs This estimate is concerned with selected cost groups directly related to the building. For details, see APPENDIX 2.

The occupancy cost estimate is concerned with the following indicators:

2.1. Selected operation costs Supply and disposal Costs for selected supply and disposal cost types are determined using set cost values for energy supply, water supply, and disposal (average mixed prices). Supply and disposal costs are calculated as net costs per m² of gross floor area. The conditions necessary for determining supply and disposal costs are specified in APPENDIX 4. These costs are considered as recurring payments due annually for every year of the period under consideration.

2.1.1 Selected supply costs: energy/electricity and water Water The calculation data contained in criterion ENV2.2 form the basis for determining drinking water supply costs. The calculation results are linked to drinking water cost parameters.

Oil, gas, solid fuels, district heating, and electricity Data contained pertaining to final energy carrier demand for space heating, domestic hot water, auxiliary power, lighting, and air conditioning forms the basis for determining costs for oil, gas, solid fuels, piped heat, and electricity.

The final energy demand is included in the evaluation. Data for the following items should be taken from ENV 1.1. and ENV2.1:

° Final Energy Demand for Heating [kWh/a] ° Final Energy Demand for Warm Water [kWh/a] ° Final Energy Demand for Ventilation [kWh/a] ° Final Energy Demand for Air Conditioning [kWh/a] ° Final Energy Demand for Lighting [kWh/a] ° Final Auxiliary Energy Demand [kWh/a]

If systems in or on the building are connected to the grid (i.e. PV-systems), the following applies: (1) For the first 20 years, the feed-in tariff is identified separately as a negative cost and included in the life-cycle cost calculation.

(2) After the first 20 years, the building’s energy demand is reduced by the capacity of the installed system and thus accounted for in the calculation via energy costs.

The calculation of feed-in and occupant consumption should be documented.

2.1.2 Sewage disposal The calculation data contained in criterion ENV 2.2 form the basis for determining sewage disposal costs. This data is linked to sewage disposal cost values.

2.1.3 Building cleaning and care Costs for selected building cleaning cost types comprise the sum of maintenance costs for cleaning of floors, windows/glass surfaces and sanitary facilities. The cost determination takes into account cleaning effort in hours/m² of the building component, the cleaning cycle, and average hourly rates. The effort for different building components is defined in APPENDIX 2. Cleaning costs for floors are determined for different types of flooring, clustered by the type of surface. Cleaning costs for windows also have to be determined for individual surfaces, depending on the accessibility of the window. Consider both sides of glass. Building cleaning costs can be calculated using the chart ‘cleaning’ included in the DGNB Tool for ECO1.1. Variables for hourly rates and cleaning per year can be adapted to country-specific conditions in agreement with DGNB.

2.1.4 Operation, inspections, and maintenance Operation of technical building equipment For the purposes of the certification cost estimate, costs for operating technical building equipment are not taken into account.

Inspection and maintenance of the building structure Annual costs for inspection and maintenance of the building structure are estimated as a percentage of the construction costs for the components of the structure in accordance with APPENDIX 1. This cyclical maintenance and inspection cost is 0.1% per year (see APPENDIX 3). Inspection and maintenance costs for building structure are considered recurring payments due annually for every year of the period under consideration.

Inspection and maintenance of technical building equipment Cyclical costs for inspection and maintenance of the technical building equipment are estimated as a percentage of its component construction costs in accordance with APPENDICES 1 and 3. Inspection and maintenance costs for technical building equipment are considered recurring payments due annually for every year of the period under consideration.

2.2 Repair costs Repair costs for the building structure and technical building equipment are viewed as annually recurring payments. These costs are estimated using APPENDIX 3. It is important to fully account for replacement investments for building components which have a service life shorter than 50 years. Cost estimates are always based on the assumption that components will not be replaced until their calculated service life has expired. Costs for disassembly and for disposal of replaced parts are not included.

2.2.1 Repair of building structure The components of the building structure for which replacement costs are included are identified in APPENDIX 1. The average repair cost of 1.0% over a 50 year service life is applied to the selected components of the building structure according to APPENDIX 3.

2.2.2 Repair of technical building equipment The technical building equipment components for which replacement costs are included are identified in APPENDIX 1. The average repair cost is applied to the selected components of the technical building equipment according to APPENDIX 3.

3. Dismantling and disposal costs Dismantling and disposal costs are not taken into account in the current version.

4. Basic principles of life-cycle costing General principles Net Present Value (NPV) is a standard method used to determine the present value of future cash flows. NPV provides a formula for discounting future cash flows and for using the time value of money to appraise long-term projects. Used for capital budgeting and widely used throughout economics, finance, and accounting, it includes the year of transferral and the expected discount rates over the relevant time period to convert the sum transferred into an equivalent sum in the present day.

C C C = C + + +. . . + 1 + d 1 + d 1 + d

C = C + 1 + d whereby

C0 is the initial investment

Cn is the cost in year n d is the expected real discount rate per annum n is the number of years between the base date and the occurrence of the cost p is the period of analysis

DGNB specifications for NPV Discount rate d: A set discount rate is used to determine net present value over the specified period, see scheme specification in the overview.

Period of analysis p: Generally, the DGNB method considers life cycle cost over a period of 50 years. In some DGNB schemes, this period may vary to reflect market conditions in the relevant sector.

Annual price increase: A set price-increase factor is used to account for projected annual price increases. This factor is set out in APPENDIX 5.

Adaptation to German price benchmarks General principles DGNB has developed an LCC tool to simplify the audit procedure. Costs are entered into the DGNB LCC tool in local currency and adapted to German prices. DGNB conducted a worldwide comparison of building construction costs to arrive at a factor to compare German prices to other countries. This process is automatically completed when the relevant country and its related adaptation factors are entered in the ‚cost calculation‘ chart. The adaptation factors are listed in APPENDIX 6.

Costs must be entered into the LCC tool at 2010 levels (December). The tool generates project specific costs per square meter in local currency as well as in Euro and calculates the checklist points to be entered into the evaluation matrix.

1. Selected construction costs All construction costs listed in APPENDIX 1 and entered into the LCC tool are automatically converted to German prices.

2. Selected operation costs The following costs entered into the LCC tool are automatically converted to German prices:

2.1.4 Operation, inspections, and maintenance 2.2.1 Repair of building structures 2.2.2 Repairs to hnical building equipment

Terms and defintions For the calculation of life-cycle costs, please consider the following definitions:

Operation Methods of upkeep and restoration to a structure's proper condition, as well as determination and evaluation of the present condition of a system's technical equipment. Operation comprises maintenance, inspection, and repair.

Repair Measures to restore the proper condition of a system's technical equipment.

Replacement Whilst repairs are aimed at maintaining constant operability, replacement involves a renewal investment necessitated by aging, damage, or advances in technology. Cost estimates are always based on the assumption that components will not be replaced until their calculated service life has expired.

Scheme specific description

SPECIFICATION NEW OFFICE BUILDINGS

Period of analysis 50 years

Life cycle phases Construction, operation, and maintenance

Cost categories according to APPENDIX 1

Calculations included Heating demand, drinking water demand and waste water demand, cleaning costs

Price increase for selected cost According to APPENDIX 5 categories

expected real discount rate per 5,5% annum d

Reference base m² gross floor area (GFA) according to ISO 9836

Permissable simplification Max. 20% cost estimates

The inclusion or exclusion of construction components must correspond to the parameters applied to ENV1.1

Partial results to show in docu- Net present value separated in mentation Structural building components Technical building components

Operation costs separated into water, waste water, energy, cleaning and maintenance

Operation costs separated for inspection and maintenance

Repair costs (separated in structural and technical building components)

Payment mode payment in arrears

Categorization

The building must be classified in one of the three following categories. The documentation of the classification has to be plausible and comprehensible.

Category 1 Standard buildings

Category 2 Buildings with above-average demands for prestige:

° durable, high value materials ° requirements reflecting A1 locations ° higher standard of technical building equipment

Classification as category 2 has to be justified in detail and verifiably established.

Category 3 High rise buildings where the finished floor level of the top floor of usable space is more than 60 m above the surrounding ground level.

Exclusion of exceptional added Added costs for measures arising from exceptional additional project requirements can be excluded from the LCC calculation if sufficient evidence is provided. Typical examples include:

° challenging ground conditions ° structural support for surrounding structures ° planning conditions, such as heritage requirements ° innovative prototype developments

Additional costs must be quantified and documented (e.g. product sheets, quantity, and cost of components etc.). Additional costs may be excluded from construction costs in order to arrive at standard construction cost levels. Where additional costs cannot be quantified due to the innovative nature of the measures proposed, standard costs may be included in the LCC calculation without further documentation or quantification of additional costs arising from the innovation in question.

EVALUATION

The weighted life-cycle costs in €/m²GFA for selected structural and technical building components and for selected costs of operation and maintenance, based on a 50-years period.

TABLE 1 Evaluation Points for LCC

CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3 CLP

Building of average Building with excep- High rise building with more than 60 m standard tional conditions

3,720 [€ / m²GFA] 3,853 [€ / m²GFA] 4,553 [€ / m²GFA] 10

≤ 2,100 [€ / m²GFA] ≤ 2,300 [€ / m²GFA] ≤ 3,000 [€ / m²GFA] 100

Linear interpolation is possible.

Conversion table

TABLE 2

CHECKLIST POINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS

LIMIT VALUE L 10 1

REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5

TARGET VALUE T 100 10

DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED

Examples of possible evidence include the following items. The allocation of points for individual indicators must be backed up by comprehensive and plausible evidence.

1. Construction costs

° Construction costs based on a cost determination or cost estimate; net cost per m²GFA ° Listing and documentation of the building components listed in APPENDIX 1.

2. Occupancy costs Water supply, power supply, and waste disposal cost information Evidence of selected water supply, power supply and waste disposal costs in accordance with the specifications laid out in APPENDIX 1and APPENDIX 4.

Based on calculations in accordance with criterion ENV 2.1:

° final energy carrier demand for space heating and domestic hot water ° demand for auxiliary energy and lighting

According to criterion ENV2.2:

° drinking water demand

3. Maintenance Costs cost parameters Information on cleaning costs Evidence of selected building cleaning costs in accordance with APPENDIX 2:

° regular floor cleaning ° regular window cleaning

Information on operation, inspection, and maintenance costs Evidence of operation, inspection, and maintenance costs for technical building equipment and building structures listed in APPENDIX 1. Costs in accordance with APPENDIX 3:

° information on repair costs ° evidence of repair costs for technical building equipment and building structures

APPENDIX 1

The following building components, systems must be included in the respective cost types:

RELEVANT FOR CONSTRUC RENEWAL MAINTENANCE ENERGY WATER CLEANING BUILDING COMPONENTS CONTENT TION Structural building components Cost of construction and supplies to manufacture the building, but not including technical building equipment (see technical building equipment). Installed components permanently affixed to the building structure are included if they serve a specific purpose, as well as overarching measures in connection with the built structures X X X Excavation Soil clearing, excavation, including working areas and embankments, storage, backfilling, transport to and from the site X X X ExcavationRe Soil clearing, excavation including working areas and embankments, storage, backfilling, transport to and from the site X X X Shoring works Lining, e.g. slurry, pile, sheet pile, soldier pile, injection and shotcrete walls including anchoring, bracing X X X Water control Ground and formation water rectification during the building period X X X Excavation, misc. X X X Foundation Associated earthworks and blinding layers X X X Ground improvement Soil replacement, compression, injection X X X Shallow foundations Single foundations, strip foundations, foundation plates X X X Deep foundations Pile foundation including grills, well foundations; anchoring X X X Subfloors and floor plates Subfloors and floor plates which do not form part of the foundation X X X Flooring Flooring on ground and foundation plates e.g. screed, sealing, damp course, protective, wear layers X X X Construction waterproofing Sealing of the construction including filter, separating and protective layers X X X Drainage Pipes, shafts, packing X X X Foundation, misc. X X X X X Exterior walls Walls and columns exposed to the elements or bordering the soil or other structures

X X X X X Load-bearing exterior walls Load-bearing exterior walls, including horizontal seals X X X non-load-bearing exterior walls Exterior walls, parapets, infill walling, but without cladding X X X Exterior columns Columns and piles with an aspect ratio X X X X X Exterior doors and windows Windows, display windows, doors and gates, including window seats, frames, X X X X X Exterior wall cladding, external fittings, drives, ventilation elements and other built-in components X X X Exterior wall cladding, internal Exterior wall coatings, including stucco, sealing, and insulation layers on exterior walls and columns X X X X X Modular external walls Interior wall coatings, including stucco, sealing, and insulation layers on internal X X X X X Sun protection walls and columns X X X External walls, misc. Modular walls, consisting of exterior walls, windows, doors, and coatings X X X Interior walls Interior walls and interior columns X X X Load-bearing interior walls Load bearing internal walls including horizontal seals X X X Non-Load-bearing interior walls Internal walls, infills but without covering X X X Interior columns Supports and pillars with an aspect ratio < 1: 5 X X X Interior doors and windows Doors and gates, windows and display windows including framing, fittings, drives and other built in elements X X X Interior wall cladding Coverings including plaster, sealing, damp course, protective layers on internal walls and supports X X X Mudolar interior walls Unitised walls consisting of internal walls, doors, windows, coverings e.g. folding and sliding panels, toilet partitions, partitions X X X Interior walls, misc. Grids, rails, impact deflectors, hand rails, shutters including drives X X X Ceilings Ceilings, staircases and ramps above the foundation/below the roof X X X Ceiling structures Ceiling structures, stairs, ramps, balconies, loggias, including supports, filler structures, such as hollow components, subfloors, filler material, but not including X X X X X Ceiling coatings coatings or coverings X X X Ceiling claddings coatings on ceiling structures, including screeds, seals, insulation, false and X X X Ceilings, misc. floating floors X X X Roofs Flat or slanted roofs X X X Roof structures Structures of roofs, roof trusses, supporting structures and domes including suspending beams and joists, filling parts such as hollow components, subfloors, filling material, however without surface and coverings X X X Roof window, roof opening Windows, exits including frames, fittings, drives, ventilation elements and other built in elements

X X X Roof surfaces Surfaces on roof structures including shuttering, battens, slopes, sealing, damp course, protective and wear layers; Roof drainage up to connection to the drainage system X X X Roof covering Roof covering below roof structures including plaster, sealing, damp course, protective coats; illuminated and combined ceilings below roofs X X X Roofs, misc. Rails, running boards, protective grids, snow guards, roof ladders, sun protection X X X Fitted furnishings Costs of the fixtures permanently linked to the structure, however without the use specific equipment. It is proper that the fixtures make structural planning measures necessary through their condition and attachment e.g. preparation of work plans, static and other calculations, connection of installations X X X General fixtures Fixtures which serve a general purpose e.g. furniture such as sitting and reclining furniture, seating, podiums, tables, counters, cabinets, cloakrooms, shelves, fitted kitchens X X X Special fixtures Fixtures which serve the particular purpose of an object e.g. workbenches in workshops, laboratory benches in laboratories, stage curtains in theatres, altars in churches, fitted sports equipment in sports halls, operating tables in hospitals X X X Structural fixtures, other e.g. smoke control curtains X X X Other structural measures Overarching work related to building structures which cannot be classified under individual building-structure cost groups and is not covered by the other cost groups X X X Building site installation Installing, keeping available, operating, clearing of the superordinate building site installation, e.g. material and appliance sheds, storage rooms wash rooms, toilet and common rooms, construction vehicles, mixing and transport equipment, energy and construction water connections, site access roads storage and workplaces, traffic safety measures, covers, building signs, construction and protective fences, building lighting, rubble rectification X X X Scaffolds Erecting, converting, dismantling, storing scaffolds X X X Securing measures Securing measures on existing structures, e.g. underpinnings, bracings X X X Termination measures Termination and dismantling work including intermediate storage of reusable parts, removal of the termination material provided that it is not covered in other cost categories X X X Repairs Measures to recreate the condition suitable for appropriate use provided that it cannot be covered in other cost categories X X X Material disposal Disposal of materials and substances which occur on termination, on dismantling and on removal of components or in the course of construction work for the purpose of recycling and or landfill X X X Additional measures Additional measures during building work e.g. protection of people, material goods; cleaning prior to commissioning; measures on the basis of requirements for water, landscape noise and vibration protection during the building period; protection for poor weather and winter building, heating of the structure, snow clearing X X X Temporary buildings Costs for the creation, rectification of temporary buildings, adaptation of the building until commissioning of the final building X X X Other measures for building work, misc. structures which involve several cost categories e.g. locking systems, shafts, chimneys unless covered in other cost categories Technical building components Cost of all permanently installed building-technical building equipment and its subassemblies. Individual technical building equipment include their mounting frames, fasteners, fittings, heat and cold insulation, sound and fireproofing measures, covers, claddings, surface coatings, labeling, as well as measuring, controlling, and regulating equipment X X X X Sewage, water and gas systems X X X X Sewage systems Drains, sewage pipes, sewage collection systems, sewage treatment facilities, pump systems X X X X X Water systems Water supply, treatment, and pressurization systems, plumbing, distributed hot water heaters, sanitary facilities X X X Gas systems Gas systems for commercial heating: Gas storage and production systems, transfer stations, pressure regulation systems and gas lines not included in no. 2 and 7) X X X Fire extinguishing systems Sprinkler systems and associated water lines, wall hydrants, fire extinguishing devices X X X X Sewage, water and gas systems, misc. Installation blocks, sanitary units X X X X Heat supply systems X X X X Heat production systems Fuel supply, heat distribution stations, fuel-fired heating systems or renewables- X X X X Heat distribution networks based heating including chimney connections, central water heaters X X X X Space heating surfaces Pumps, distributors, ducts for space heating, air handling systems, and other X X X X Heat supply systems, misc. heat consumers X X X X Air handling systems Systems with or without a ventilation function X X X X Ventilation systems Exhaust-air systems, supply air systems, supply and exhaust-air systems with or without a thermodynamic air treatment function X X X X Partial Air-conditioning systems Systems with two or three thermodynamic air treatment functions X X X X Air-conditioning systems Systems with four thermodynamic air treatment functions X X X X Cooling systems Cooling systems for air-handling systems: Refrigeration and recirculation cooling systems, including pumps, distributors, and ducting X X X X Air—handling systems, misc. Ventilated ceilings, cooling ceilings, exhaust-air windows, and floating floors not covered by other cost groups X X X Three -phase current systems X X X High and medium voltage systems Substations, transformers X X X Internal power supply facilities Electric generators, including cooling, exhaust air and fuel supply systems, central battery and uninterrupted power supply systems, photovoltaic systems X X X Low-voltage switching stations Low-voltage mains, power factor correction systems, maximum monitoring systems X X X Low-voltage installation systems Cables, ducts, junction boxes, wiring systems, installation equipment X X X X Lighting systems Permanent lighting, including bulbs X X X Lightening and grounding facilities Collection devices, discharge systems, grounding systems X X X Three-phase power systems, misc. Frequency converter X X X Telecommunications and information technology Distribution systems, cables and ducting systems X X X Telecommunication systems

X X X Search and signalling equipment Paging systems, light and ringing signalling, door intercom and door opening systems X X X Time equipment Clocks and time recording equipment X X X Electro acoustic equipment PA systems, conference and interpreter systems, intercoms and intercommunication systems X X X Television and aerial systems Television systems if not covered in the search, reporting, signal and hazard reporting systems including transmission and receiving antenna systems, converters X X X Hazard and alarm warning systems Fire, attack, burglar alarms, guard control systems, access control and room monitoring systems X X X Transmission networks Networks for transmission of data, language, text and image provided that they are not covered in other cost categories, laying systems as long as they are not covered in KG 444 X X X Telecommunications and information technology Parking management systems systems, misc. X X X Conveyance systems X X X Elevator systems Personnel and freight elevators X X X Escalators and people movers X X X Lifts Façade lifts and other lifts X X X Transport systems Automatic product conveyance systems, file conveyance systems, postal tube systems X X X Cranes Including lifting equipment X X X Conveyance systems, misc. elevating platforms X X X Building automation Cost of system-overarching automation, including distribution systems, cables and ducting X X X Automation systems Automation stations with operating and observation installations, building automation functions, application software, licences, sensors and actuators, interfaces for field appliances and other automation installations X X X Switchgear cabinets Switchgear cabinets for housing automation systems with power, control and cut out components including associated cables and wiring, laying systems provided that they are not covered in other cost categories X X X Management and operation installations Superordinate installations for building automation and building management with operating stations, programming installations, application software, licences, servers, interfaces for automation installations and external installations X X X Room automation systems Room automation stations with operating and display installations, actuators, interfaces for field appliances and other installations X X X Transmission networks Networks for data transmission provided that they are not covered in other cost categories X X X Building automation, misc. X X X Other technical building equipment Overarching work related to technical building which cannot be classified under individual building services cost groups and is not covered by the other cost groups

APPENDIX 2

Cleaning (see also chart in LCC-Tool)

BUILDING COMPONENT €/M²A

1 Glass surfaces

easily accesible 2,25

average 3,00

accessible with difficulty 4,50

2 Exterior wall claddings

soft natural stone 2,83

aluminium, stainless steel, copper sheets, 1,42 corrosion protected steel

ceramic, hard artificial stone/cut stone, natural 0,71 stone

sun protection 2,13

3 Interior doors and windows

interior doors 3,60

interior windows 2,25

4 Floor coverings

artificial stone, natural stone, plaster, flexible 6,30 flooring

textile flooring 7,08

timber flooring 6,30

5 Sanitary rooms

up to 10m² 89,25

up to 30m² 59,50

more than 30m² 44,63

The adaptation to local conditions is possible.

Hourly rate cleaning staff NETTO

Hourly rate for general cleaning 17,00 €/h

Hourly rate for cleaning glazing 22,50 €/h

The adaptation to local conditions is possible .

The calculation is completed by the DGNB LCC tool.

APPENDIX 3

Inspection and maintenance and repair For individual components of technical building equipment, the table in contains the following values:

° calculated service life in years ° cost of repairs as an annual percentage of the investment ° cost of maintenance and inspection as an annual percentage of the investment ° effort required for operation in hours per year

(For the purpose of certification, cost estimates shall not include the cost of system operation.)

NO. STRUCTURAL/TECHNICAL COMPONENTS ASSUMED SERVICE COST OF COST OF REPAIRS IN %

LIFE IN YEARS INSPECTION / PER YEAR

MAINTENANCE IN %

PER YEAR

A Structural components 0.1 Currently no estimate of "ongoing" repairs. Replacement investments following the expiration of service life should be accounted for. Other- wise, repair costs can be fixed at 1.0% of all structural building components

B Technical components

1 Gas, water, and sewage systems 50 0.70 0.55

2 Heating As a total value - when costs are not detailed enough

Heating systems 25 0,6 0,5

In the case that costs are detailed

2.1 Benefit transfer 25 0 1

2.2 Distribution 50 0 1

2.3 Generation 25 1 2

2.4 Domestic hot water

2.5 Benefit transfer 15 1 1

2.6 Distribution (plumbing, etc.) 25 0 2

2.7 Generation 25 1 2

2.8 Water treatment systems 15 1 1

3 Indoor air-handling systems As a total value - when costs are not detailed enough

Air handling and refrigeration systems 25 1,4 2,4

In the case that costs are detailed

3.1 Benefit transfer, general 25 1 1

3.2 Heat recovery 25 10 2

3.3 Air cooler 25 4 2

3.4 Cooling ceiling 25 1 1

3.5 Humidifier/Dehumidifier 15 2 3

3.6 Distribution 25 0 1

3.7 Generation - cold 15 1 2

3.8 Generation - heat 25 1 2

4 Three-phase power systems 25 1 0.6

5 Telecommunications systems 25 0.70 0.25

6 Elevators 25 1.4 1.10

7 Waste disposal systems 25 1.6 1.4

8 Building management system 25 1 1.5

APPENDIX 4

Energy supply

MEDIUM TYPE NET PRICE /UNIT

Electricity (electricity power generation mix 0,20 €/kWh Germany)

Oil 0,06 €/kWh

Natural gas 0,06 €/kWh

Wood pellets 0,05 €/kWh

Piped heat/ fossil 0,09 €/kWh cogeneration

renewables 0,07 €/kWh

Drinking Water 2,01 €/m³

Sewage Waste water 2,14 €/m³

Rain water 1,10 €/m³

The adaptation to local conditions is possible.

APPENDIX 5

Price increase cost calculation basis For calculation of life-cycle costs please consider the following interest rates:

TYPE ARITHMETIC MEAN

General Price increase 2%

Specific Price increase for energy 4%

Specific Price increase for Water/Sewage 3%

Specific Price increase service 2%

Expected real discount rate per annum 5,5%

APPENDIX 6

Adaptation factors (see also chart in LCC-Tool)

Adapting local construction and labour costs to German price levels For the calculation of building related life cycles, we propose the following approach: The construction costs for single building components or technical systems have to be adapted to German prices. Therefore, we created a comparison regarding the costs for constructing and labour costs in other countries to get a coefficient that describes the relation between German prices in comparison to other countries.

The project’s cost of manufacture has to be multiplied with the coefficient from the table to get a weighted cost of manufacture that is comparable. This step is automatically completed by the LCC tool.

COUNTRY FACTOR CONSTRUC- FACTOR LABOUR COSTS

TION COSTS

ARGENTINA N/A 1.75

BRAZIL 1.96 6.17

BULGARIA 1.81 11.92

CANADA 2.46 0.60

CHINA 2.11 15.10

CROATIA 1.93 3.69

CYPRUS 1.09 1.76

CZECH REPUBLIC 1.95 1.17

DENMARK 0.82 N/A

EGYPT 2.33 11.45

FINLAND 1.04 1.04

FRANCE 0.70 1.03

GERMANY 1.00 1.00

GREECE 0.97 1.95

HONG KONG 1.14 2.72

HUNGARY 1.89 2.21

INDIA 2.64 39.20

INDONESIA 2.96 17.59

IRELAND 1.07 0.91

ISRAEL 2.08 2.20

ITALY 0.98 0.85

JAPAN 0.70 0.85

KENYA 6.56 N/A

LEBANON 2.24 7.47

NETHERLANDS 1.65 0.44

NORWAY 0.74 0.64

POLAND 1.79 2.81

ROMANIA 1.98 5.77

SAUDI ARABIA N/A N/A

SINGAPORE N/A N/A

SLOVAKIA 2.04 1.46

SOUTH AFRICA 2.26 0.99

SPAIN 1.10 0.68

SRI LANKA 6.70 26.18

STATE OF QATAR 1.39 10.11

SWEDEN 0.83 1.08

SWITZERLAND 0.78 N/A

THAILAND* 4.07 4.47

TURKEY 2.39 4.28

UAE 2.03 14.10

UKRAINE 2.30 17.19

UNITED KINGDOM 1.09 1.48

USA 0.55 0.51

Adaptation factors for further countries to be agreed with DGNB

source: Construction Statistics Annual No. 12, edition 2011; office for national statistics (inverted value).

*sources for Thailand: http://www.thaiappraisal.org/english/the2001/default.php; http://www.doingbusinessthailand.com/blog-thailand/buying-property-comparin- construction-prices-in-bangko.html; http://www.tradingeconomics.com/thailand/wages; http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Skilled- labourers-see-daily-wages-climb-30198824.html; http://thaifinancialpost.com/2013/05/02/bangkok-construction-workers-suggesting- minimum-wage-raise/; http://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=labor_costs

Local currency

COUNTRY LOCAL CURRENCY CURRENCY EXCHANGE

RATE

ARGENTINA ARS 5.318

BRAZIL BRL 2.228

BULGARIA BGN 1.956

CANADA CAD 1.336

CHINA CNY 8.820

CROATIA HRK 7.345

CYPRUS EUR 1.000

CZECH REPUBLIC CZK 25.064

DENMARK DKK 7.454

EGYPT EGP 7.769

FINLAND EUR 1.000

FRANCE EUR 1.000

GERMANY EUR 1.000

GREECE EUR 1.000

HONG KONG HKD 10.408

HUNGARY HUF 278.617

INDIA INR 59.613

INDONESIA IDR 12064.406

IRELAND EUR 1.000

ISRAEL ILS 4.740

ITALY EUR 1.000

JAPAN JPY 108.655

KENYA KES 108.135

LEBANON LBP 2009.428

NETHERLANDS EUR 1.000

NORWAY NOK 7.799

POLAND PLN 3.964

ROMANIA RON 4.284

SAUDI ARABIA SAR 5.016

SINGAPORE SGD 1.718

SLOVAKIA EUR 1.000

SOUTH AFRICA ZAR 8.868

SPAIN EUR 1.000

SRI LANKA LKR 148.478

STATE OF QATAR QAR 4.873

SWEDEN SEK 8.999

SWITZERLAND CHF 1.252

THAILAND THB 38.71

TURKEY TRY 2.069

UAE AED 4.913

UKRAINE UAH 10.609

UNITED KINGDOM GBP 0.858

USA USD 1.339

Adaptation factors for further countries to be agreed with DGNB

DGNB CRITERION ECO2.1 FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY

CORE AND SCHEME SHEET Offices Version 2014

QUALITY Economic Quality

CRITERIA GROUP Economic Development

RELEVANCE FACTOR 3 SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE 9.6%

OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE

The ease with which a building can be adapted to changing requirements helps raise user satisfaction; it can prolong the building’s service life and lower costs incurred throughout its life cycle. Flexibility and adaptability reduce the risk of vacancy and can contribute to buildings long-term economic success. Hence this criterion is aimed at making the building’s design as flexible as possible and creating the greatest possible potential for reuse.

Additional Explanation

Technical and social developments impact on the built environment for work, housing and leisure. This requires highly efficient, flexible and adaptable buildings. The need for adaptation may arise from changes within the building use, or by conversion to a different use (e.g. by a new tenant).

In economic terms, the evaluation of the building’s space efficiency is based on the proportion of usable and rentable space in relation to the total area of the building..

This criterion is closely related to TEC1.4, which is focussed on the adaptability of technical systems.

Definitions

Flexibility: Adaptations within the same building use Conversion: Adaptations as part of a change of use

METHOD

The building’s space efficiency and adaptability is evaluated on the basis of a checklist including the following indicators, which are combined to arrive at a total score:

1. Space efficiency 2. Ceiling height 3. Depth of floor plan 4. Vertical Access 5. Floor layout 6. Structure 7. Building services

1. Space efficiency Usable floor area (UA) The usable floor area (UA) is the part of the net floor area that is used for the building’s purpose. It excludes corridor areas.

Gross floor area (GFA) The gross floor area (GFA) is the sum of the area of all floors, measured from the exterior of external walls and the centre line of all walls separating the building from any adjoining buildings. Non-usable roof surfac-

es or structurally required hollow spaces, such as in ventilated roofs or over suspended ceilings can be excluded. Full definitions of both UA and GFA should be measured in accordance with ISO 9836:1992. To determine the space efficiency, UA (in m²) is divided by GFA (in m²).

Seff = UA / GFA where

Seff space efficiency factor UA usable floor area in [m²] GFA gross floor area in [m²]

The result is rounded to the nearest tenth. The relationship between UA and GFA cannot be optimized without limit. Legal requirements for the size of work areas and trafficked areas must be considered. Space requirements for a work station with a monitor depend on the type of work and amount to at least 8 to 10 m² per workspace. Pathways must be at least 80 cm wide. Connecting paths to work stations can be reduced to a width of 60 cm.

The width of trafficked areas increases with the number of users:

. up to 5 users, at least 80 cm . up to 20 users, at least 93 cm . up to 100 users, at least 125 cm . up to 250 users, at least 175 cm . up to 400 users, at least 225 cm

2. Ceiling height The ceiling height of a proposed project can be established on the basis of section drawings, whereas the ceiling height of an existing building can be measured on site. Where the ceiling height varies throughout one room (e.g. in attics), the average room height is relevant. The ceiling height is defined in terms of the structural clearance between the top surface of the floor screed and the underside of the ceiling slab.

3. Depth of floor plan The depth of the floor plan can be measured on plan, or on site, depending on the current development phase. Two scenarios are differentiated. Between access cores, the entire building depth is measured between the outer surfaces of the outside walls. At access cores, the building depth up to the core is measured, i.e. from the outer surface of the outside wall to the outer surface of the core, and multiplied by a factor of 2 for the evaluation. The building depth must be available for 70% of the façade length and must be free of cores, ducts, lifts or staircases.

4. Vertical access The placement of stairs and lifts has an influence on the building’s flexibility in terms of the possible unit sizes and the scope for efficient access to other uses such as offices or residential. The GFA of the typical floor plan per vertical access core should be calculated. The smaller this ratio is, the easier it is to subdivide the building into smaller units. Only fire escape access cores should be considered. In buildings with more than three floors, only access cores with lifts should be considered.

5. Floor layout Depending on the layout, subsequent subdivision into smaller units may require additional sanitary units. These should be provided from the outset, or relevant service access should be put in place in order to facilitate their subsequent addition. The adaptation of individual units to meet user needs is easier where escape routes do not lead through adjoining units. This enhances the building’s redevelopment potential.

6. Structure The structural design is examined in terms of individual components, the quality of which influences the conversion of buildings:

. internal walls . partition walls . load reserves

7. Building services The adaptability of the technical building services is examined on the basis of the following parameters:

. ventilation/air-conditioning . cooling . heating . water

Scheme specific description

The ratio between UA and GFA should be evaluated based on their definition according to DIN 277:2005- 01 (see Evaluation Matrix).

EVALUATION

1. Space efficiency

TABLE 1

SPACE EFFICIENCY FACTOR CLP

> 0,48 1

0,60 5

0,75 10

Checklist points can be interpolated if the value lies between the discrete data points listed.

2. Ceiling height

TABLE 2

CEILING HEIGHT CLP

> 3,00m 10

3. Depth of floor plan

TABLE 3

BUILDING DEPTH CLP

10.00 m < available building depth < 16.50 m 5

12.50 m < available building depth < 14.50 m 10

4. Vertical Access

TABLE 4

OBSERVATION BY FLOOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GFA / NUMBER OF CLP

CENTRAL ACCESS POINTS

GFA floor/N central access point <=1200 m² 1

GFA floor/N central access point <=600 m² 5

GFA floor/N central access point <=400 m² 10

5. Floor layout

TABLE 5

LAYOUT CLP

Sanitary facilities units allow for division into units of 400 m², or cor- 5 responding connection points are provided to allow for subsequent addition of sanitary facilities.

Escape routes of one unit do not lead through another unit 5

6. Structure

TABLE 6

CONSTRUCTION CLP

The majority of internal partitions are not load bearing 2.5

Partition walls can be installed on each façade axis without interven- 2.5 tion in the floor or ceiling

Partition walls can be re-used. 2.5

Structural engineering provides sufficient contingencies to allow for 2.5 increased loads arising from possible conversions.

7. Building services 7.1. Ventilation and air conditioning

TABLE 7

VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING CLP

The design of the ventilation/air-conditioning system is sufficiently 1 flexible to allow for spatial reconfigurations, but this requires considerable structural amendments.

The design of the ventilation/air-conditioning system is sufficiently 7 flexible to allow for spatial reconfigurations, and this requires only simple structural amendments.

The design of the ventilation/air-conditioning system is sufficiently 10 flexible to allow for spatial reconfigurations and this requires no structural amendments.

7.2. Cooling TABLE 8

COOLING CLP

The design of the cooling system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 1 spatial reconfigurations, but this requires considerable structural amendments.

The design of the cooling system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 7 spatial reconfigurations, and this requires only simple structural amendments.

The design of the cooling system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 10 spatial reconfigurations and this requires no structural amendments.

7.3. Heating

TABLE 9

HEATING CLP

The design of the heating system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 1 spatial reconfigurations, but this requires considerable structural amendments.

The design of the heating system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 7 spatial reconfigurations, and this requires only simple structural amendments.

The design of the heating system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 10 spatial reconfigurations and this requires no structural amendments.

7.4. Water

TABLE 10

WATER CLP

The design of the water system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 1 spatial reconfigurations, but this requires considerable structural amendments.

The design of the water system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 7 spatial reconfigurations, and this requires only simple structural amendments.

The design of the water system is sufficiently flexible to allow for 10 spatial reconfigurations and this requires no structural amendments.

Explanation The “other type of use” refers to a change in use, for example from offices to housing or a hotel. The “possi- bility of modification” must take into consideration the requirements connected to the other type of use.

Conversion table

TABLE 11

CHECKLIST POINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS

LIMIT VALUE L 20 1

REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5

TARGET VALUE T 100 10

DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED

Examples of possible evidence include the following items. The allocation of points for individual indicators must be backed up by comprehensive and plausible evidence.

1. Space efficiency

. Calculation usable floor area and list of related floor space . Calculation gross floor area and list of related floor space . Calculation of the space efficiency factor

2. Ceiling height

. Presentation of the heights in extracts from the cross-sectional plans

3. Depth of floor plan

. Presentation in floor and/or cross-sectional plans

4. Vertical Access

. Presentation in floor plans . Calculation of the ratio gross floor area / number of central access areas

5. Floor layout

. Presentation in floor plans

6. Structure

. Presentation of the load bearing and non-load bearing components in floor plans . Photo documentation . Detailed drawings of the ceiling and floor connections, proof of product . Plausible proof of the calculation of payload reserves

7. Building Services

. Extracts from the technical building services plans with reference to distribution and connections for ventilation/air-conditioning, cooling, heating and the sanitary systems . Photo documentation

DGNB CRITERION ECO2.2 COMMERCIAL VIABILITY

CORE AND SCHEME SHEET Offices Version 2014

TOPIC Economic Quality

CRITERIA GROUP Economic Development

RELEVANCE FACTOR 1 SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE 3,2%

OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE

The economy is one of the three pillars of sustainability. It comprises all of the facilities and processes which address our needs, whether by producing and distributing goods or by providing services. This includes buildings: depending on their use, they serve to house people or provide space for work, shopping, and leisure etc. Unused buildings represent a misallocation of economic resources, and medium or long-term building vacancies are not sustainable. Thus the aim of this criterion is to assess whether a building has the potential to respond to medium and long-term user demand in the relevant market.

Additional explanation

The commercial viability of real estate is reflected in investment and rental decisions, on which the business case for any building is based throughout its entire lifecycle.

Where a building’s location and quality exceed the market level, it can be considered highly commercially viable and the risk of vacancy may be seen as low. Conversely, buildings of sub-standard quality in poor locations present a marketing challenge, and a limited letting ability can be expected for properties of this type. This has as impact on value stability, and rental income.

The assessment of commercial viability is mainly based on "market" and "location" aspects. The key issue is the extent to which the building is suited to its location and market, and whether the business case for the building is sufficiently robust in terms of its use, its location, and the prevailing market environment. Buildings’ quality, location, and market viability are evaluated in relation to other buildings. This does not constitute an absolute assessment of the location or the market. The building’s sustainability is thus assessed in terms of its letting potential and potential to avoid vacancy. Some additional considerations are added to the aspects of the location already assessed elsewhere.

METHOD

1. Location and profile 1.1 Location quality This indicator factors in the three SITE criteria ('SITE 1.2 Public Image and Social Conditions, 'SITE 1.3 Transport Access, and 'SITE 1.4 Access to Amenities'). The results of the three SITE criteria each account for one third of the score.

1.2 Public profile This indicator considers whether the building’s public profile makes it easier to market. The evaluation takes into account whether it is easy to see and notice the building, and whether it is possible to attract further attention to the building by affixing external adverts such as hoardings, or banners to it. These aspects may be omitted from the assessment where visibility and external promotion are less relevant (e. g. residential use).

The evaluation can be carried out by reviewing drawings (plans, elevations, etc.), or by carrying out a survey of the building and its context.

2. Access and parking 2.1 Access and entry

. Entry: The evaluation requires a distinction to be made between entrances which are difficult to see (e.g. obscured or hidden by other buildings) and those which are very easy to see. . Way finding: Where entrances are difficult to see, people will need help in finding their way, such as signposting. The evaluation considers whether way finding help is provided, and how effective it is in helping people easily find the entrance. It also checks whether different entrances to one building or to a building complex are identified by names or numbers which are easy to see and understand. . Pedestrian and vehicle access: Are routes for pedestrian and for vehicle access to the entrance joined? Is it possible to gain direct access to the building entrance by car if necessary?

The evaluation can be carried out by reviewing drawings (plans, elevations, etc.), or by carrying out a survey of the building and its context.

2.2. Car parking

. Deliveries: Is it possible for delivery vehicles to gain direct access to, and stop close to the building entrance? These aspects may be omitted from the assessment where deliveries are less relevant (e. g. residential use). . Quality of private car parking: Is car parking provided on-site or within the building and what is its quality? . Quantity of private car parking: How much car parking is provided in proportion to the usable floor area? . Electric vehicles: Are charging points for electric vehicles provided on-site or within the building? . Public car parking within 200m of the entrance: How many public car parking spaces are provided within easy reach of the building entrance in proportion to the gross floor area?

3. Characteristics of the market 3.1 Tenancy at the time of completion The evaluation considers the proportion of gross floor area (GFA) for which letting, lease, or sale contracts have been sealed prior to completion. It should be noted however, that this does not fully reflect the longer term market potential, such as for possible later re-rental.

Scheme specific description

2. Accessibility and parking 2.1 Access and entry The evaluation requires a distinction to be made between entrances which are difficult to see (e.g. obscured

or hidden by other buildings) and those which are very easy to see. Where entrances are difficult to see, people will need help in finding their way, such as signposting. The evaluation considers whether way finding help is provided, and how effective it is in helping people easily find the entrance. It also checks whether different entrances to one building or to a building complex are identified by names or numbers which are easy to see and understand.

The evaluation also considers whether routes for pedestrian and for vehicle access to the entrance are joined, and whether it is possible to gain direct access to the building entrance by car if necessary. Finally, the evaluation includes an assessment of the quantity and quality of car parking provided.

3. Characteristics of the market 3.1 Tenancy at the time of completion The evaluation considers the proportion of GFA for which letting, lease, or sale contracts have been sealed prior to completion. It should be noted however, that this does not fully reflect the longer term market potential, such as for possible later re-rental.

EVALUATION

1. Location and profile 1.1 Location quality

TABLE 1

SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS OF SITE ANALYSIS (SITE 1.2, SITE 1.3, SITE 1.4 CRITERIA)

TRANSFER OF CLP FROM SITE CRITERIA CLP

SITE 1.2 Public image and social conditions

SITE 1.3 Transport access

SITE 1.4 Access to amenities

Sum of CLP from SITE 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

CLP sum / 3

Result * 0.3 Max. 30

1.2 Public profile

TABLE 2

VISIBILITY CLP

The building is very easy to see 5

TABLE 3

EXTERNAL ADVERTS CLP

Adverts are present or possible, but not very easily noticed 2,5

Adverts are present or possible, and very easily noticed 5

2. Access and parking 2.1 Access and entry

TABLE 4

ENTRY CLP

The entrance is difficult to see, hidden or obscured 2,5

The entrance is easy to see and find 5

TABLE 5

WAY FINDING CLP

The entrance is difficult to see, obscured of hidden. Way finding help 2,5 is provided but not easy to see or understand. Entrances are identified are identified by names or numbers.

Way finding help is provided, easy to see and understand. 5 Entrances are identified are identified by names or numbers which are easy to see and understand.

TABLE 6

PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICLE ACCESS CLP

Joint pedestrian and vehicle access to the entrance. It is possible to 5 gain direct access to the building entrance by car if necessary

2.2. Car parking

TABLE 7

DELIVERIES CLP

It is possible for delivery vehicles to gain direct access to, and stop 1 no more than 50m from the main entrance or delivery entrance.

Specifically dedicated delivery parking in the immediate vicinity of 5 the main entrance or delivery entrance

TABLE 8

QUALITY OF CAR PARKING CLP

Private car parking is provided on-site or within the building 0,5

Private car parking provided on-site or within the building is shaded 1 and protected from the weather

Private car parking provided on-site or within the building is partially 3 accommodated underground

Private car parking provided on-site or within the building is entirely 5 accommodated underground (except short term drop-off spaces)

TABLE 9

QUANTITY OF CAR PARKING CLP

≥1 space / 200 m² of usable floor area 2,5

≥1 space / 50 m2 of usable floor area 5

Linear interpolation is permitted.

TABLE 10

ELECTIRC VEHICLES CLP

Charging points for electric vehicles are provided on-site or within 10 the building

TABLE 11

PUBLIC CAR PARKING WITHIN 200M OF THE ENTRANCE CLP

Number of spaces > 2 / 1000 m² gross floor area 2,5

Number of spaces > 5 / 1000 m² gross floor area 5

Linear interpolation is permitted.

3. Characteristics of the market 3.1 Tenancy at the time of completion

TABLE 12

LETTINGS, LEASES, OR SALES UPON COMPLETION CLP

Letting, lease, or sale contracts for ≥ 50 % of gross floor area 1

Letting, lease, or sale contracts for 100% of gross floor area 10

Linear interpolation is permitted.

Conversion table

TABLE 13

CHECKLIST POINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS

LIMIT VALUE L 20 1

REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5

TARGET VAKUE T 100 10

DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED

Examples of possible evidence include the following items. The allocation of points for individual indicators must be backed up by comprehensive and plausible evidence.

1. Location and image 1.1 Location quality Merged and weighted results from the three relevant site criteria.

1.2 Public profile Review of drawings (plans, elevations, etc.) or survey of the building and its context (photographs, drawings, descriptions).

2. Access and parking 2.1 Access and entry Review of drawings (plans, elevations, etc.) or survey of the building and its context (photographs, drawings, descriptions). Additionally or alternatively, appropriate statements from an expert opinion may be presented as evidence.

2.2 Car parking Review of drawings (plans, elevations, etc.) or survey of the building and its context (photographs, drawings, descriptions). Additionally or alternatively, appropriate statements from an expert opinion may be presented as evidence.

3. Characteristics of the market 3.1 Tenancy at the time of completion The pre-lease quota or sales quote at the time of completion should be supported by a statement signed by the client. This is in the form of a comprehensible and verifiable list of the respective users with the floor areas and parking spaces used.

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

. Schäfer / Conzen, Praxishandbuch der Immobilien-Projektentwicklung [Practical Guide to Real Estate Project Development] . Schulte / Bone-Winkel: Handbuch Immobilien-Projektentwicklung [Real Estate Project Development Manual] . Gesellschaft für immobilienwirtschaftliche Forschung e.V. (gif e. V.): Definitionssammlung zum Büromarkt [Compiled Definitions on the Office Market]

DGNB CRITERION ENV1.1 LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

CORE AND SCHEME SHEET Offices Version 2014

TOPIC Environmental Quality

CRITERIA GROUP Effects on the Global and Local Environment

RELEVANCE FACTOR 7 SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE 7.9%

OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE

Buildings generate emissions in all phases of their life cycle, from manufacture through use up to their end of life. These emissions travel into the air, the water, and the soil where they cause a range of environmental issues. These include global warming, depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, summer smog, dying forest trees and fresh water fish, and the eutrophication of water and soils. The objective is therefore to reduce buildings’ emissions throughout their entire life cycle as much as possible.

Additional explanation

The individual potential effects of emissions from the built environment can be calculated in terms of indicator substances derived from recognised environmental models. The environmental issues mentioned above are addressed with the following indicators:

1. Climate change: Global Warming Potential (GWP), measured in kg CO2-equivalents 2. Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), measured in kg R11- equivalents

3. Summer smog: Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP), measured in kg C2H4-equivalents

4. Dying forests and fresh water fish: Acid Potential (AP), measured in kg SO2-equivalents

5. Eutrophication: Eutrophication Potential (EP), measured in kg PO4-equivalents

1. Global Warming Potential (GWP) The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes air layers close to the ground to heat up (greenhouse effect). The global warming potential of a material is always expressed by reference to the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) and so global warming emissions are expressed as carbon dioxide-(CO2) equivalents. As greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere for varying amounts of time, the GWP value must refer to a fixed time period. The value for GWP is based on a 100 year period. Additional factors are used to reflect the extent to which various substances contribute to the global warming potential.

For example, the impact of methane is 25 times as great as the equivalent mass of CO2 over a period of

100 years. Thus, methane emissions are multiplied by a factor 25 to arrive at CO2-equivalents.

2. Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) There is only a low concentration of ozone in the atmosphere but it has great significance for life on earth. It is able to absorb short-wave UV radiation and to release it again with a greater wave length, independent of direction. Thanks to this quality, the ozone layer shields the earth from a large share of the sun’s UVA and UVB radiation, thereby preventing the earth’s surface from overheating and protecting its flora and fauna. The accumulation of harmful halocarbon compounds in the atmosphere contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer. This disrupts photosynthesis in plants, and can contribute to tumours in humans and animals. 2 The ODP of a substance, measured in [kg R11-equi./m NGFa*a, indicates its relative potential to harm the ozone layer in comparison to the reference substance, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-11). All substances with values below 1 have an ozone depletion effect less than CFC-11 (also known as R11; chemical formula

CCl3F) whereas values above 1 have a stronger effect.

3. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) The POCP designates the equivalent of harmful trace gases by reference to their mass. These trace gases include nitrous gases and hydrocarbons and – when met with UV radiation - contribute to the formation of ozone close to the ground. This contamination of air layers close to the ground due to excessive ozone

concentrations is also called “summer smog”. It attacks respiratory organs and damages plants and animals. The concentration of ozone close to the ground is regularly monitored by air measurement stations and tracked in pollution records.

4. Acidification Potential (AP) The acidification potential quantifies the effect of acidifying emissions; it is measured in sulphur dioxide-

(SO2) equivalents. Air contaminants such as sulphur and nitrogen compounds react with water in the air to form sulphuric or nitric acid; this then falls to the ground as "acid rain" and thus finds its way into the soil and surface water bodies. This acidification damages animal and plant life as well as buildings. For example, nutrients are more rapidly soluble in acidic soils and leach out more quickly. Toxic substances can also be formed in the soil, attacking root systems and affecting plant’s water balance. In summary, the many individual effects of acidification have two severe consequences: dying forests and fresh water fish. Acid precip- itation can also damage buildings, for example sandstone is particularly vulnerable.

5. Eutrophication Potential (EP) Eutrophication describes the transition of bodies of water and soils from low nutrient content (oligotrophic) to a high nutrient content (eutrophic). It is caused by the intake of nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. These can find their way into the environment during the manufacture of building products and the extraction of combustion emissions. If the concentration of available nutrients in water bodies increases, the growth of algae will accelerate. Amongst other things, this can lead to fish dying.

METHOD

A life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted to evaluate a building’s performance in terms of criterion ENV1.1 "Life cycle assessment – environmental impacts caused by emissions". This assessment takes the building’s use into consideration (office building, commercial building, school, etc.) in establishing and evaluating the building’s environmental quality, and it compares the result with values for other reference buildings. The gathering of data on which the assessment is based must be recorded and presented for results to be fully checked and unequivocally confirmed. The comparative evaluation provides a benchmarked evaluation of the building’s ecological quality. The building LCA should be conducted as early as the planning phase if possible. It can also serve as an important instrument for improving the ecological quality of the building.

In future, indicators such as abiotic consumption of resources, consumption of water and land will also be established in criterion ENV1.1. However, the corresponding data or evaluation base is yet to be developed. The calculation of the building LCA is based on the Life Cycle Energy Modelling (LCEM). The method is described below:

. Methodological basis of the building LCA - objective and scope - describing the building (Functional equivalent) - reference period - system boundaries - calculating the building model

- data requirements - reporting and documenting results . General description of the method - actual building - reference building . Use specific description of the method - actual building - reference building - limit value and target value calculation

Methodological basis of the building life cycle assessment

Objective and scope The objective of the assessment is to quantify and document the environmental performance of the building and to compare the results against a defined benchmark.

The scope of the LCA includes the environmental impacts of production, use and end-of life phases. Exter- nal works are not included. During the project’s design phase, the assessment can inform decision making processes by allowing the environmental performance of different design options to be compared and opportunities to improve environmental performance throughout the life cycle to be identified.

Describing the building (Functional equivalent) The scope of the assessment comprises the entire building excluding external works. For assessments which only consider parts of a building complex, the system boundaries must be clearly defined. The system boundaries for such partial assessments have to be consistent with those applied to other criteria (e.g. ENV2.2, ECO1.1, TEC1.7, etc.). Clearly defined system boundaries are especially relevant in buildings with facilities shared with other buildings, e.g. underground car parks.

The building to be evaluated must be described in terms of its material and time-dependent qualities. In addition a clear description of the technical and functional properties of the building, the building type and use (e. g. number of users) must be recorded in a documentation data sheet. Details about this documentation are explained in more detail under the point "DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED". The description of the building to be evaluated represents the functional equivalent for the evaluation.

Reference period The reference period is set down specifically for each DGNB scheme (e.g. 50 years for new offices). If the anticipated period of use of the building examined is less than or greater than this period, the calculation of the results can be modified accordingly. However, it must be taken into account that certain processes are always considered equally, even for a period of use which deviates from the standard (e. g. manufacture, demolition, etc.) Within the framework of DGNB certification the specified reference period must always be applied in order to allow reference values to be compared.

System boundaries The building is considered without external works. The system boundaries include (see also the following table and APPENDIX 6):

. production: manufacture of components used in the building, including supply and transport of raw materials to product manufacturer (Modules A1 – A3) . use: maintenance and scheduled replacement of components including their production and end- of-life. Operational energy use scenario. (Modules B1 – B4 and Module B6) . building energy demand throughout the reference period . end-of-life scenario: processing and disposing of waste (Modules C3 and C4) . potential benefits and detriments beyond the system boundaries including opportunities for reuse/recycling and energy recovery (Module D)

This corresponds to modules A1 to A3, modules B1 and B4, modules C3 and C4 and module D according to CEN/TC 350/WG1 N410/prEN 15804. For more details see also APPENDIX 6. Additional general rules:

. the use and end-of-life phases must be defined . potential benefits and detriments beyond the system boundaries must be defined . external works are not included in the assessment (e.g. fencing and gates, drains, paving, land- scaping). . if the share of underground car parks (usable area plus traffic area) account for more than 25% of the total net floor areas (NFA) (according to the CORE14 Floor Area Summary sheet), the traffic area of the underground parking must be subtracted from the NFA.

TABLE 1

LIFE PHASES A 1-3 A 4-5 B 1-7 C 1-4 D

BENEFITS AND MANUFACTURING CONSTRUC- STRESSES OUT- USE PHASE END OF THE LIFE CYCLE PHASE TION PHASE SIDE THE SYS- TEM LIMIT

of raw materials

Procurement Transport Production Transport Construction/installation Use Maintenance Repair Exchange Modernisation Energy consumption during operation Water consumption during operation Removal / demolition Transport Waste processing Disposal Potentialfor reuse, reclamation and recycling

MODULES IN ACCORD-

ANCE WITH A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D CEN/TC350/WG1

N410/PREN 15804

2 1 3 DECLARED MODULES x x x (x) (x) x (x) x x x

The following aspects are not included in the system boundaries or in the evaluation:

. construction phase including transport to site and assembly (Modules A4 and A5) . use of electrical equipment (socket loads) and building components during reference period (Mod- ule B1) (effects from health relevant emissions in the interior and environment are assigned to the criteria ENV1.2 and SOC1.2) . operational water use (see criterion ENV2.2) during reference study period (Module B7) . unscheduled repairs and replacements during the reference period (Module B3) . refurbishments during reference period (Module B5) . disassembly and demolition (Module C1) . transport to recycling plant/re-use or disposal facility (Module C2)

Calculating the building model The building model enables mass and energy flows to be quantified. These quantitative flows are linked with corresponding life cycle data in order to arrive at a value for each indicator included in criteria ENV1.1 "Life Cycle Impact Assessment" and ENV2.1 "Life Cycle Assessment Primary Energy". Results must be organ- ised and recorded in a structured way in order to demonstrate the calculation of mass and energy flows and the resultant values for each indicator. The building must be documented as follows:

. building components (all building elements, structural parts, building products, building materials) . associated processes such as maintenance, exchange and end of life processes and re-use, recycling and energy retrieval . energy use in operation

The corresponding LCA indicator values must be established and presented individually for the building model. In principle it is possible to use either a simplified arithmetical technique to create the building model which allows for simplifications in recording the components of the building, or a detailed arithmetical process including the recording of all components and their associated processes.

Two principal methods are applied to conduct the assessment:

. LCA of building components (manufacturing and construction phase). Methodological rules and data requirements are described in APPENDIX 6. . LCEM of building’s energy demand in use (use phase).

A whole building analysis is conducted using local climate data. A reference building method is used to evaluate the building’s environmental performance.

Five out of a maximum of ten points are awarded if the proposed building’s environmental impact is equal to that of the reference building. More points will be awarded if the environmental impact of the proposed building is less than that of the reference building. In order to achieve a minimum of 1 point, the building’s environmental impact must meet the minimum legal requirements.

Requirements and details for LCA and energy modelling are listed in APPENDICES 1 and 5.

Data requirements Data for the building life cycle assessment In general, specific and verified LCA data (i.e. Environmental Product Declaration, EPD) is more precise than generic LCA data. The DGNB provides DGNB Auditors and Consultants with access to the following LCA databases which include both generic and specific data:

. Brazilian Sustainable Construction Database BRASUCO . Chinese Sustainable Construction Database CHISUCO . European Sustainable Construction Database ESUCO . Ukrainian Sustainable Construction Database UKRASUCO

These databases are suited to the scope and purpose of the LCA calculations. They are consistent in their methodology and provide the required results for each indicator. The methodological consistency, conformity and completeness of specific data from other sources must be verified by independent external experts. These requirements are fulfilled by EPD type III declarations according to ISO 14025 and prEN 15804. Generic, data which has not been independently verified must be factored in with an additional 10 % supplement in order to take account of possible deviations.

As a general rule, preference should be given to datasets which most precisely reflect the item in question (materials, end-of-life scenario, energy supply, etc.) in terms of technical relevance and assessment date, e.g. generic datasets for design phase assessment, product-specific EPD for final documentation.

Data quality and requirements for completeness of LCA data Both data specific to individual products or materials and aggregated data for composite components or for entire systems such as walls, roofing systems, etc. can be used. Data must be relevant and accurate, irre- spective of the selected type, e.g. LCA data, average LCA data or manufacturer specific LCA data. LCA data other than that provided in ESUCO database must match the methodological standards, quality and completeness set by ESUCO database and this must be documented comprehensively for verification.

Where EPDs are used, the LCA data must fulfil the prEN15804requirements. The cut-off rules for LCA datasets must comply with prEN15804 and/or with the methodological standards set by ESUCO database.

Note: DGNB Auditors and Consultants should consult with DGNB if no adequate LCA data sets are available.

Reporting and documenting results A brief project report must be created (see "DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED") providing information on the creation of the building model. The results of the LCA must be presented in accordance with the documentation specifications. The indicators and parameters listed in the criteria descriptions must be evaluated. The results of the LCA must be presented with reference to one year and one m² NFAa, i.e. excluding circulation space in underground car parks (reference size). This is to be carried out uniformly for the entire LCA. The NFAa must be individually documented for each floor, itemising UA, circulation space and technical plant area (TA). All area calculations must be carried out in the DGNB CORE14 Floor Area Summary Sheet.

exceeding > 12 metres is based on their gross volume in cubic metres (m³). The gross volume must be calculated according to EN ISO 9836:2011.

General description of the method

The evaluation includes a simultaneous optimisation of emissions from construction and operation throughout the life cycle. Environmental impacts are quantified in relation to the net floor area NFA excluding circulation space in underground car parks and per annum [kg environmental effect-equivalent / m2NFAa*a]. The building’s average annual values are compared to the values for the reference building. The lower the values of the emissions equivalents are, the lower the potential environmental impacts. The calculation described below is to be carried out for each environmental impact indicator in turn.

Actual building The actual building’s environmental impacts are expressed as a common parameter in terms of an environmental impact potential (EIP) as an annual average over the reference period applied:

EIPT = EIPC + EIPO (1) whereby

EIPt sum total of environmental impact of the building construction (C) and operation (O) 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa*a)]

EIPC annual average environmental impact of the construction, maintenance, disassembly, and

disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa*a)]

EIPO predicted annual environmental impact of the building in use as built, based on the final energy demand of the building and building services according to the LCEM 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa*a)]

The annual average environmental impact of the construction phase EIPC is calculated as follows:

EIPC = (P + E) / td + R (2) whereby

P predicted value of the environmental impact of the building’s construction (structure and building systems) 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa)]

E predicted value of the environmental impact of the building’s end-of-life (structure and building systems) 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa)]

R predicted value of the environmental impact of scheduled like-for-like replacement of building

components (structure and building systems) at the end of their respective service lives during the reference period 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa *a)]

td the reference period for the building in years [a].

The annual average environmental impact of the building in use EIPO is calculated as follows:

EIPO = EIPOEl + EIPOH (3) whereby

EIPOEl the environmental impact of electricity demand in use, calculated in compliance with the LCEM and multiplied by the EIP factor from ESUCO (or other LCA) data source (see Table 1) 2 in [kg impact-equiv./( m NFAa*a)]

EIPOH the environmental impact of heating demand in use, according to the LCEM and multiplied by the EIP factor from ESUCO or other LCA data source, if available (see “Reference building” below) 2 in [kg impact-equiv./( m NFAa*a)]

Reference building

The reference value (50 points) for each indicator (EIPTref) is generally derived from:

. a fixed proportion for the construction related value of the emission related environmental impacts for manufacture, maintenance and removal / disposal, and . a variable proportion for the use related value of the emission related environmental impacts to the amount of the reference building used as a basis in the LCEM. The variable proportion is calculated from the electricity and heat requirement established according to the LCEM (end energy), multiplied by defined factors:

– The environmental impact factors for the reference building’s electricity demand Elref are derived from ESUCO or other LCA databases for the relevant countries (e.g. Chinese factors from CHISUCO, Spanish factors from ESUCO, etc.). – The environmental impact factors of fuel used to meet the reference building’s annual heat-

ing demand Href (end energy) must be locally defined. This may require detailed research by the Auditor. For example, in Germany these factors are derived from statistical studies of real projects, based on the assumption that thermal energy mix comprises 25 % gas-NT (low temperature), 25 % oil-NT (low temperature), 25 % gas energy value and 25 % oil energy value generation.

REIP = EIPTref = EIPCref + EIPOref (5) whereby

EIPTref total sum of environmental impact of reference building construction (C) and operation (O) 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa*a)]

EIPCref annual average environmental impact of the construction, maintenance, disassembly, and

disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa*a)]

EIPOref annual environmental impact of the reference building in use, based on the final energy demand of the building and building services based on the Life Cycle Energy modelling and ESUCO or other LCA database (see APPENDICES 1 and 5) 2 in [kg impact-equiv./(m NFAa*a)]

The reference value for construction EIPCref is calculated as follows:

EIPCref = constant (6)

The values EIPCref result with the help of parameters gained from statistical inquiries for manufacture, end- of-life and maintenance (reference values for EIPCref can be found in Table 1).

The reference value for the environmental impact of the building EIPOref in use is calculated as follows:

EIPOref = EIPOElref + EIPOHref (7) whereby

EIPOElref Environmental impact for electricity demand of the reference building, calculated in compliance with the LCEM and multiplied by the ESUCO (or other LCA database) environmental impact factor 2 in [kg impact-equiv./( m NFAa*a)]

EIPOHref Environmental impact of fuel used to meet the reference building’s annual heating demand (end energy), according to the LCEM and multiplied by the ESUCO (or other LCA database) environmental impact factor, if available (see “Reference building” above) 2 in [kg impact-equiv./ (m NFAa*a)]

Scheme specific description

The calculation is based on the LCEM. The reference period is 50 years. The following parameters are taken into account in the evaluation benchmark.

Values for environmental impacts arising from construction related emissions are drawn from:

. relevant statistical research for manufacture, maintenance, and end-of-life phases . results of DGNB certifications to date . the environmental impact of electricity generation according to ESUCO or other LCA databases . the environmental impact of thermal energy according to research on typical heat generation in the country. . Any research and selection of data included in the evaluation conducted in close liaison with DGNB.

Actual building The actual values are established in accordance with the "general description of the method". The energy requirements of user equipment are not taken into account.

Reference building The actual values are established in accordance with the "general description of the method". The energy requirements of user equipment are not taken into account.

TABLE 2 Reference values for construction and operation of the reference building

GWP ODP POCP AP EP

3- [kg CO2- [kg R11- [kg C2H4- [kg SO2- [kg PO4 - 2 2 2 2 2 equiv/(m NFAa*a)] equiv/(m NFAa*a)] equiv/(m NFAa*a)] equiv/(m NFAa*a)] equiv/(m NFAa*a)] UNIT

GWPCref = 9.4 ODPCref = POCPCref = APCref = 0.037 EPCref = 0.0047 -7 5.3 * 10 0.0042 CONSTRUCTION

GWPOref = ODPOref = OD- POCPOref = APOref = EPOref =

GWPOElref POElref POCPOElref APOElref EPOElref

+ GWPOHref + ODPOHref + POCPOHref + APOHref + EPOHref

where where where where where

GWPOElref = ODPOElref = POCPOElref = APOElref = EPOElref = -9 -5 -3 -5 0,62 * Elref 3,07 * 10 * Elref 7,62 * 10 * Elref 1,03 * 10 * Elref 9,92 * 10 * Elref

GWPOHref = ODPOHref = POCPOHref = APOHref = EPOHref = -11 -5 -4 -5 0,29 * Href 3,8 * 10 * Href 3,95 * 10 * Href 3,92 * 10 * Href 2,43 * 10 * Href

OPERATION

*NOTE: The environmental impact factors relate to the German reference building’s electricity demand Elref and annual heating demand Href.

Calculation of the limit and target values Limit value L and target value T needed to supplement the criterion´s evaluation are determined as follows:

LEIP = XEIP * REIP

TEIP = YEIP * REIP

The associated sizes X and Y are to be applied as follows:

TABLE 3 Limit and target values

LIMIT AND TARGET VALUES GWP ODP POCP AP EP

X 1.4 10.0 2.0 1.7 2.0

Y 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Weighting key of the indicators (G) within the criterion:

TABLE 4 Weighting key of the indicators

GGWP GODP GPOCP GAP GEP

40% 15% 15% 15% 15%

EVALUATION

At the indicator level, sub-points (SP) on a scale from 0 to 100 are allocated. These are then converted into checklist points (CLP) on a scale from 0 to 100 by means of the weighting key (GGWP, etc.) listed in table 3. The maximum achievable number of checklist points is 100.

TABLE 5 Point allocation for indicators

SUB-POINTS (SP) GWP ODP POCP AP EP

10 GWPG = 1.4 * ODPG = 10.0 * POCPG = 2.0 APG = 1.7 * EPG = 2.0 *

RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

20 GWPG = 1.3 * ODPG = 7.75 * POCPG = 1.75 APG = 1.525 * EPG = 1.75 *

RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

30 GWPG = 1.2 * ODPG = 5.5 * POCPG = 1.50 APG = 1.35 * EPG = 1.50 *

RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

40 GWPG = 1.1 * ODPG = 3.25 * POCPG = 1.25 APG = 1.175 * EPG = 1.25 *

RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

50 GWPG = RGWP ODPG = RODP POCPG = APG = RAP EPG = REP

RPOCP

60 GWPG = 0.94 ODPG = 0.94 * POCPG = 0.94 APG = 0,94 * EPG = 0.94 *

* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

70 GWPG = 0.88 ODPG = 0.88 * POCPG = 0.88 APG = 0.88 * EPG = 0.88 *

* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

75 GWPG = 0.85 ODPG = 0.85 * POCPG = 0.85 APG = 0.85 * EPG = 0.85 *

* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

80 GWPG = 0.82 ODPG = 0.82 * POCPG = 0.82 APG = 0.82 * EPG = 0.82 *

* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

90 GWPG = 0.76 ODPG = 0.76 * POCPG = 0.76 APG = 0.76 * EPG = 0.76 *

* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

100 GWPG = 0.70 ODPG = 0.70 * POCPG = 0.70 APG = 0.70 * EPG = 0.70 *

* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP

A linear interpolation is possible.

Evaluation of the CLP for the criterion:

CLP = (SPGWP * GGWP+ SPODP*GODP + SPPOCP*GPOCP + SPAP* GAP + SPEP* GEP)

Conversion table

TABLE 6

CHECKLISTPOINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS

LIMIT VALUE L 10 1

REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5

TARGET VALUE T 100 10

DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED

The following evidence represents a selection of possible/alternative forms of evidence. The selected evaluation of the individual indicators must be comprehensively and plausibly demonstrated in the documents submitted.

Documentation of results Documentation for the simplified calculation method – Product and construction process stage

. presentation of the building model including source of primary data for: – building surface area and volume – building components or surfaces/materials (quantities and estimated service life); where components are combined, this must be explicitly demonstrated – heat and electricity demand for the building to be certified and the reference building in compliance with APPENDIX 1. Signed national Environmental Performance of Buildings Di- rective (EPBD) verification must be also included – quantity survey of building envelope surfaces (external walls including windows/façade, foundation slab, roof) from the calculation in compliance with documentation according to APPENDIX 6 and allocation to building components evaluated – windows/French doors/post-and-beam façade with information on frame size, a depiction of a cross- section of the main profile system, the number of windows that can be opened, and the type of glazing – quantity survey of interior walls and supports; plausibility analysis for floor plans with information on types of interior walls/supports – internal doors: amount (number and area), list of most important types, and description of calculation – quantity survey for ceilings, divided into building levels – sectional representation of building components as a series of layers indicating layer thick- nesses, estimated gross density, and allocation to a data set in ESUCO (or other LCA) database – representation of quantity survey for foundations – reinforced concrete must be quantified in kg/m³ or kg/m² of the relevant building components. Alternatively, steel reinforcements can be listed in an overall project summary – Documentation of heating / cooling unit . processes/components must be documented even when they are disregarded . data on which the environmental impact is based. If the data used goes beyond that included in ESUCO (or other LCA) database, the data, or the part not included in ESUCO (or other LCA) database, must be disclosed for verification by DGNB.

Documentation for the complete calculation method – Product and construction process stage

. building surface area and volume . building components or surfaces/materials not affected by cut-off criteria (amount and estimated service life) . heat and electricity demand for the building to be certified and for the reference building in compliance with APPENDIX 1 (signed national EPBD verification must be included); bill of quantities for

building components . breakdown of construction costs according to cost categories listed in criterion ECO1.1 . the quantity survey’s completeness must be verifiably presented and substantiated . data on which the environmental impact is based. If the data used goes beyond that included in ESUCO (or other LCA) database, the data, or the part not included in ESUCO (or other LCA) database, must be disclosed for verification by a conformity assessment

Documents created for this criterion are optional depending on the chosen type and level of evaluation.

Documentation for the calculation method of the use stage scenario

. current and heat requirement (end energy) for the building to be certified and also for the reference building according to LCEM. The calculation must correspond to the building which is realised and the LCEM simulation. Indication of the specific electrical performance from a detailed lighting technical planning in the calculation of the artificial light requirement, otherwise calculation according to LCEM . type of heat and cooling generation systems and ventilation systems plus energy carriers . for district heating the regenerative proportion must be shown via a corresponding certificate or indication of the supplier . set operating lives of the components and surfaces . description and feed-in values in accordance with a local Renewable Energies Act of the building related energy systems (e.g. in Germany according to EEG), if present . verification of origin in the case of waste heat use

Documentation for the calculation method of the End-of-Life scenario

. assignment of the documented components to a disposal- /recycling pathway.

Documentation required for environmental impact results Results must be presented for the entire life cycle per m²NFA and year, categorised by:

. product stage . use stage - operational heat and electricity demand . use stage - replacement (including end of life of replacement) . end of life stage (waste processing and disposal, benefits and loads for the next product systems)

A breakdown of construction costs according to cost groups listed in criterion ECO1.1 is required. To ensure consistent summary results, the matrix of criterion TEC1.6 Deconstruction and Disassembly must be completed.

Project report for creation of the building LCA Content:

. General information – designation of the building (address etc.) – author of the building life cycle assessment (name and qualifications) – arithmetical and evaluation processes used

– point in time of creation of the LCA in the life cycle of the building – date of creation . General information on the building and the building model – building type – structure of use – required period of use – reference study period – other information about the building such as e.g. technical type of building (type of support structure); year of commissioning; verification of LCEM calculation including information on the reference building end energy – energy generators and energy carriers used for supplying the building with heat, cooling, and hot water . Indication of the limits and scenarios valid for the evaluation – for the building to be evaluated it is necessary to indicate that the calculation methodology (decisive assumptions and scenarios) was carried out in accordance with the requirements described above. . Data sources – the data sources, type and quality of the data used are to be indicated qualitatively. This applies for both the building model and the LCA data

Verification of results All the information used, options or decisions made must be presented in transparent form in order to be verifiable. The verification includes the following:

. completeness and verification of the completeness for the quantification at the building level . traceability of the data used for the products . conformity of the data to the requirements of EN 15804 . consistency between the scenarios which are valid at building level and the scenarios used for the products

The parameters and calculation specifications necessary for the calculation can be taken from the following documents

. calculations according to LCEM with detailed indications on the end energy requirement of the reference building, divided according to energy carriers and type of energy generation . LCA of the physical building components of the building to be certified according to EN ISO 14040 and 14044 which includes all the life cycle phases to be incorporated . ESUCO (or other LCA) database . operating lives of components (see OVERVIEW OF APPENDICES, APPENDIX 5.3)

When using software tools it is essential to pay attention to the implementation of the requirements shown in the criterion and the application of the data basis described.

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

. EN ISO 14040. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. November 2009 . EN ISO 14044. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guide- lines. Berlin: Beuth Publisher, October 2006 . EN ISO 9836. Performance standards in buildings – Definition and calculation of area and space indicators. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. October 2011 . EN 15804. Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. April 2012 . DIN EN 15978. Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of environmental performance of buildings - Calculation method. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. October 2012 . DIN EN 13779. LPG equipment and accessories - Contents gauges for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) pressure vessels. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. June 2012 . DIN V 18599. Energy efficiency of buildings - Calculation of the net, final and primary energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting - Part 5: Final energy demand of heating systems; Part 7: Final energy demand of air-handling and air-conditioning systems for non-residential buildings; Part 8: Net and final energy demand of domestic hot water systems. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. December 2011 . DIN V 4701-10. Energy efficiency of heating and ventilation systems in buildings - Part 10: Heating, domestic hot water supply, ventilation. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. August 2003. . VDI 2067. Economic efficiency of building installations - Fundamentals and economic calculation. Düsseldorf: Beuth Publisher. September 2000 . Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing (BMVBS): Sustainable Building Guide, Janu- ary 2001 . VDI 6020. Requirements on methods of calculation to thermal and energy simulation of buildings and plants – Buildings. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. May 2001 . VDI 6007. Part 2 - Calculation of transient thermal response of rooms and buildings - Modeling of rooms; Part 3 - Calculation of transient thermal response of rooms and buildings - Modelling of solar radiation. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. April 2012 . CEN EN 15265: Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy needs for space heating and cooling using dynamic methods - General criteria and validation procedures . EN 15255:2007: Energy performance of buildings - Sensible room cooling load calculation - Gen- eral criteria and validation procedures . ASHRAE 140: Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests . http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/documents/ANSI_ASHRAE.pdf . http://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/dirpubs/epl_bestest_ash.pdf

OVERVIEW OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: Global Reference Building Values This appendix provides the factors to be considered for developing the global reference building in case local values are not available.

The following values can be found in APPENDIX 1:

1.1 User and Operation Requirements 1.2 Characteristics of Building and Construction Building Envelope 1.3 Technical Services (HVAC, Lighting) 1.4 Demands for Thermal Zoning

APPENDIX 2: Local Reference Building Values The Auditor should include details of national specific reference building as APPENDIX 2.

APPENDIX 3: Catalogue of Building Components The Auditor must complete Deconstruction and Disassembly Matrix in TEC1.6 and include this as APPEN- DIX 3.

APPENDIX 4: Tested Software for Life Cycle Energy Modelling The Auditor should provide information about the software used for the life cycle energy modelling in AP- PENDIX 4.

The assessment will be performed using a thermal building simulation software in accordance with VDI 6020 or CEN EN 15265 or EN 15255 or VDI 6007 or ASHRAE 140, using typical meteorological climate data in hourly values for the location (test reference year), adopted to the local climate known from the past 30 years. The microclimate of the building site location should be taken into account (e.g. "urban heat is- land" for inner city locations).

APPENDIX 5: Life Cycle Energy modelling Quantification rules for LCEM The results are derived from a LCEM of the building according to the rules described in this criterion. In general, either a simplified calculation can be performed for the modelling of results (affecting product stage, refurbishment, end of life stage, and benefits and loads from next product systems) or a detailed complete calculation can be performed for the modelling of results (including all life cycle stages). In both cases, the operational energy use has to be calculated according to APPENDIX 4.

5.1 Product and construction process stage (Modules A1 – A3), simplified calculation method The product stage comprises the calculation of the following building elements:

(1) foundations, floor slab (2) structural parts, columns (3) staircases (4) roofs (5) ceilings, floors (including finishes)

(6) external Walls (including finishes), windows and external doors (7) internal Walls (including finishes) and internal doors (8) central Heating and cooling generation units

Building components and quantity of the cost items are to be categorized and provided according to AP- PENDIX 1 of criterion ECO1.1.

Building components are to be specified and documented according to layer composition. Modelling of the product stage is to link the product data with the LCA datasets in ESUCO (or other LCA) database. Each dataset’s reference unit must be checked for agreement with the unit for the calculated quantity and adjusted if necessary.

Quantity surveys for the product stage are to be conducted and documented as follows: For (1), (2), (3) the results of the layer compositions have to be offset against the corresponding GFA measures in the building as a whole and reported separately. Alternatively, total masses (e.g. concrete in foundation) are to be calculated and documented accordingly.

For (4), (5), and (6) the results of the layer compositions must be offset against the corresponding surface measures in the building as a whole and reported separately. Documented references must demonstrate that all shell surfaces have been included in the calculation in compliance with LCEM demands/Minimum requirements (values from APPENDICES 1 & 5).

For (7), the results of the layer compositions must be offset against, for example, amounts calculated in implementation plans for the building as a whole and reported separately.

For (8), manufacture of the central heating or cooling unit is to be included in the overall calculation. Pipes and systems for heat delivery are to be excluded from the calculation.

To simplify the process, average values for similar building components/layer compositions can be used in the same ratio in which they are actually used in the entire building. Building components must be outlined and documented.

If the quantity survey is only for (1) – (7) over surfaces without taking connections into consideration and only the central heating or cooling system is included as technical services item, the results must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.

Transportation to building site (A4) is to be disregarded. Products and energy use that relate only to construction site operation are not considered (A5). Neither are excavation processes, demolitions and temporary preliminary works are not included.

The building model of the manufacture is to be linked with LCA data sets. If no precise LCA data are available for components, a technically close LCA data set must be used. If several similar data sets can be selected, a conservative approach must be chosen (worst case principle).

5.2 Product and construction process stage (Modules A1 – A3), complete calculation method The building shell and any extensions as they are built are to be included in the calculations of the environmental impact values for a building’s construction. Building components and quantity of the items are to be

categorized and provided according to APPENDIX 1 of criterion ECO1.1.

Cut-off criteria:

. All materials that make up more than 1 % of the building’s total mass or more than 1 % of primary energy consumption considered material or more than 1 % of the impact categories GWP, AP, and EP must be included. Justifiable estimates of primary energy consumption are acceptable. . The total amount of disregarded materials must not exceed 5 % of the total mass of the building, of the primary energy, of the impact in the categories GWP, AP, and EP.

The quantity survey’s completeness must be verifiably presented and substantiated. Transportation to building site (A4) is to be disregarded. Products and energy use that relate only to construction site operation are not considered (A5). Neither are excavation processes, demolitions, and temporary preliminary works are not included.

The building model of the manufacture is to be linked with LCA data sets. If no precise LCA data are available for components, a technically close LCA data set must be used. If several similar data sets can be selected, a conservative approach must be chosen (worst case principle).

5.3 Calculation method for the use stage scenario (Modules of group B) Supply and disposal systems and repairs are to be included when calculating the environmental impact values for a building’s use stage scenario. The value appropriate for the use profile is to be taken into account as reference period td (e.g. 50 years for office and administrative buildings). Calculations and results should be organized in compliance with criterion ECO1.1.

The assessment of the use stage scenario includes the following groups:

(1) Operational energy use (B1) (2) Replacement of construction and technical appliances (B4)

For (1), values for end energy demand for heat and electricity are to be taken from LCEM. Heating units must be listed, assigned and linked to data sets in ESUCO database. In the case of district heating, the renewable share of district heating reported by the supplier is subtracted from the calculated heat demand and designated as secondary fuel (included in the calculation of the total primary energy demand in criterion ENV2.1). The remaining share of district heating is linked to the appropriate data set in ESUCO database. The district heating data sets in ESUCO database are based on the composition of non-renewable district heating in Europe. The European power mix should serve as the basis for the environmental impact values of electricity demand.

For (2), estimated service life (ESL) for surfaces and moving building components should be taken from the following data sources: Building materials and products: According to country specific agreed upon, statistic- based estimated service life tables for products. In case no list as such is available, the German “Sustaina- ble Building Guide” should be considered (“mean value”).

For building services the same applies as for materials and products. In case no list is available, the Ger- man VDI 2067 estimated service life values should be included (note: these are available in the datasets in ESUCO database documentation). Calculations for replacements must be made for all materials, building

components, and surfaces with estimated service life values of less than the reference study period. Re- placement measures (replacing building components/products after their estimated service life) are calculated under the assumption that the replacement component/product is the same as the original. It is important that the technical conditions of the replacement be calculated as realistically as possible, particularly for access to building components that may involve the extension and renewal of multiple layers. Only full number of replacements (no partial) is allowed. Disposal of replaced building components/products is to be calculated using the appropriate end-of-life data set in ESUCO database and included in the overall total for the replacement. Transportation to disposal/recycling can be disregarded.

If the quantity survey for the product stage follows the simplified approach, the results for replacement must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.

The plausibility of the approaches must be presented. Note that the same assumptions used to calculate life-cycle costs are to be used here.

5.4 Calculation method for the End-of-Life scenario and for benefits and loads scenario for the next product system (Modules of groups C and D) The calculation of environmental impact values for a building’s end-of-life scenario must include the recycling and disposal of all building materials that remain in the building after the end of the period under consideration. The data sets in ESUCO database are to be used for the calculation. To simplify the process, the calculation can be made for groups of materials.

The following material groups must be distinguished in the calculations:

(1) metals (2) mineral building materials (3) materials with a heating value (wood, plastics, etc.) (4) central heating and cooling appliances (5) all other materials that can be deposited (landfilled) at construction or household waste sites

For (1), the type of disposal here is “recycling”. The ESUCO database data sets for “metal recycling potential” should be used or the respective value if specific EPDs are used (Module D). Careful classification is important, documentation of the results have to be documented in Module D. Note that recycling potential can be reported only for metals with shares of primary manufacturing. In other words, if a product is made of recycled material, it no longer has recycling potential (relevant for concrete reinforcement).

For (2), the type of disposal here is “recycling”. To simplify the process, the ESUCO database data set “construction rubble processing” should be used for all mineral building materials (to be documented in Module C3). Benefits from recycling are to be calculated by subtracting the respective amount of primary gravel (to be documented in Module D).

For (3), the type of disposal here is “incineration (with thermal recovery where applicable)”. The data sets should be listed according to material groups (timber, timber materials, plastics, etc.) and should correspond to an ESUCO database data set or a respective value from a specific EPD. Documentation of results is required if in Module C4 incineration without energy recovery was chosen or in Modules C3 and D if energy recovery was chosen (according to dataset definition).

For (4), the ESUCO (or other LCA) database data set or the respective value from a specific EPD that corresponds to the manufacturing process should be used (results to be documented in Module D). For (5), the type of disposal here is “disposal at landfill site,” as long the materials can be deposited at construction or household waste sites. The most appropriate ESUCO (or other LCA) database data sets should be used (results to be documented in Module C4).

If the quantity survey for the product stage follows the simplified approach, the results for replacement must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.

APPENDIX 6: System boundaries of LCA in the DGNB System The system boundaries are described by modules A1 to A3, modules B1 and B4, modules C3 and C4 and module D according to CEN/TC 350/WG1 N410 / prEN 15804.

APPENDIX 7: How to use the ESUCO Database A brief introduction on how to gain access and use the ESUCO database for the LCA is provided.

1. Reference Building – User and Operation Keys to symbols in table: *D = daylight sensor *M = manual (lighting switched on/off considering user behaviour) *P = presence / motion sensor

USE AND OPERATION OPERATION

COOLING: REQUIRED VENTILATION LIGHTING

RS S M-

N-

I- TEMPERATURE E

TIME -

NO. SPACE TYPE OF USE START END OF USE DAILY HOURSOF USE YEARLY HOURS OF USE (MONDAY TO FRIDAY, M NUS HOLIDAY) DAILY OPERATION HOUR THERMAL DISCHARGE BY PERSON (SENSITIVE) THERMAL DISCHARGE BY EQUIPMENT AND MACHI HEATING : REQUIRED T PERATURE [°C] OFF PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND MINIMUM FRESH AIR EXCHANGE RATE MINIMUM HUMIDITY DEMAND ILLUMINATION FACTOR LIGHTING HVAC HOU OPERATION YEARLY HVAC MEDIUM OCCUPANCY NU M- BERS ERY LIGHTING CO N- TROL

[HOUR [HOURS/A] [M3/P] [WH/M2 [WH/M2 [°C] [°C] [%] [M3/M2 [LUX] S/DAY] DAY] DAY] H]

1 SINGLE / 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 14 30 42 21 17 24 no demand 50 4 none 500 0.7 D* CLUSTER OFFICE

2 OPEN 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 10 42 60 21 17 24 no demand 50 6 none 500 1 D* SPACE OFFICE

3 CONFER- 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 3 96 8 21 17 24 no demand - 15 none 500 1 P* ENCE, MEETING, SEMINAR

4 COUNTER 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 12 36 24 21 17 24 no demand - 2 none 200 1 M* HALL

5 CANTEEN 08:00 15:00 7 1750 9 2250 1.2 177 10 21 17 24 no demand - 18 none 200 1 M*

6 RESTAU- 10:00 00:00 14 4200 16 4800 1.2 236 14 21 17 24 no demand - 18 none 200 1 M* RANT

7 KITCHEN 10:00 23:00 13 3250 15 4500 10 56 1800 21 17 24 no demand - 90 none 500 1 M*

8 KITCHEN – 10:00 23:00 13 3250 15 4500 10 56 180 21 17 24 no demand - 15 none 300 1 P* PREPARA- TION, STORAGE

9 LAVATORY, 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 - 0 0 21 17 24 no demand 50 15 none 200 1 P* BATH- ROOMS

10 ADJACENT 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 - 0 0 21 17 24 no demand 50 0.15 none 100 1 P* AREAS (WITHOUT RECREA- TION AREAS)

11 CIRCULA- 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 - 0 0 21 17 24 no demand 50 0 none 100 1 P* TION AREAS

12 STORAGE, 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 - 0 0 21 17 24 no demand 50 0.15 none 100 1 M* SERVICE ROOM

13 SERVER 00:00 00:00 24 8760 24 8760 30 15 1800 21 17 24 no demand - 1.3 none 500 0.5 P* ROOM

14 PARKING 07:00 18:00 11 2750 13 3250 - 0 0 - - - no demand - 8 none 75 1 M* GARAGE (OFFICE AND PRI- VATE USE)

15 PARKING 09:00 00:00 15 5475 17 6205 - 0 0 - - - no demand - 16 none 75 1 M* GARAGE (PUBLIC USE)

2. Reference Building – Building Envelope

NO. BUILDING ELEMENT PROPERTIES VALUES FOR REFERENCE BUILDING

1.1 OUTSIDE WALL, FLOOR SLAP EXPOSED TO AIR 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 0.28 W/(m K)

1.2 CURTAIN FAÇADE (SEE ALSO NO. 1.14) 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.40 W/(m K) Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.48

Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.72

1.3 WALL EXPOSED TO SOIL, BASE PLATE, WALLS AND CEILINGS 2 CONNECTED TO NON-HEATED ROOMS (BESIDES BUILDING Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 0.35 W/(m K) ELEMENTS ACCORDING TO NO. 1.4)

1.4 ROOF (AS FAR AS NOT CONSIDERED IN NO. 1.5), TOP FLOOR 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 0.20 W/(m K) SLAP, WALLS IN DIRECTION OF NAVE AISLE

1.5 GLASS ROOF 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.70 W/(m K) Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.63

Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.76

1.6 LIGHTING ROW 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.40 W/(m K) Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.55

Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.48

1.7 LIGHT CUPOLA 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.70 W/(m K) Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.64

Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.59

1.8 WINDOWS, GLAZED DOORS (SEE ALSO NO. 1.14) 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.30 W/(m K) Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.60

Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.78

1.9 ROOF LIGHT, SKY LIGHT (SEE ALSO NO. 1.14) 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.40 W/(m K) Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.60

Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.78

1.10 OUTSIDE DOOR 2 Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.80 W/(m K)

1.11 BUILDING ELEMENTS FROM NO. 1.1 AND 1.3 TO 1.10 2 Thermal bridge adjustment ΔUW = 0.05 W/(m K)

1.12 LEAK TIGHTNESS OF BUILDING -1 Related value n50 with ventilation: n50 = 1.0 h -1 without ventilation: n50 = 1.5 h

1.13 DAYLIGHT SUPPLY BY SUN SHADING AND/OR GLARE SHIELD Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SA No sun shading or glare shield provided: 0.70

Glare shield provided: 0.15 1.14 SUN SHADING DEVICE Sun shading devices of the constructed building need to be taken into account for calculating the reference building. This refers to the insulation from heat during summer days according to criterion TEC1.3, Indicator 6 “Solar Heat Protection”.

If solar glass is used to fulfil this Indicator, the following values need to be taken into account for the used solar glass: . Instead of NO. 1.2 . Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing: g = 0.35

. Luminous transmission index of glazing: TD65 = 0.58 . Instead of values of NO. 1.8 and 1.9: . Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing: g = 0.35

. Luminous transmission index of glazing: TD65 = 0.62

3. Reference Building – Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, Lighting

NO. SYSTEM VALUES FOR REFERENCE BUILDING

2.1 LIGTHING TECHNIQUE Direct / Indirect, each with electronic ballast and fluorescent tube 2.2 LIGHTING CONTROL See Table 1. of APPENDIX 1, column “Lighting control” 3.1 HEATING (CEILING HEIGHT ≤ 4 M) – HEAT GENERATORS Considering boiler, forced-air burner, domestic fuel oil, placed outside of the thermal envelope, water content > 0.15 l/kW 3.2 HEATING (CEILING HEIGHT ≤ 4 M) – HEAT DISTRIBUTION . In case of radiator heating and hot-air heating (decentralised re-heater of the ventilation system): Double-pipe network, external distribution pipes in unheated areas, internal ascending pipes, internal supply lines, system-temperature 55/45 °C, hydraulic aligned, Δp constant, pump designed by its demand, pump with intermittent operation, no overflow valves, calculating the length of the reference building, 70% of the standard length as well the ambient temperature can be chosen according to DIN V 18599-5.

. In case of central ventilation system: Double-pipe network, system-temperature 70/55 °C, hydraulic aligned, Δp constant, pump designed by its demand, for calculating the reference building the lengths and position of pipes must be assumed the same as for the actual building. 3.3 HEATING (CEILING HEIGHT ≤ 4 M) – HEAT TRANSFER . In case of radiator heating: Free heating surfaces fixed to outside walls with glass surfaces and radiation protection, P- controller (1K), no auxiliary energy.

. In case of hot-air heating (decentralised re-heater of the ventilation system): Room temperature as controlled variable, high control quality. 3.4 HEATING (CEILING HEIGHT > 4 M) Heating system: Hot-air heating with standard induction outlet, air outlet sideways, P-controller (1K) according to DIN V 18599-5. 4.1 DOMESTIC HOT WATER – CENTRAL SYSTEM . Heat generator: Solar collector according to DIN V 18599-8, Section 6.4.1, including 0.8 . flat-plate collector: AC = 0.09∙(1.5∙NFAa*)

0.9 . volume of beneath solar part of storage system: VS,SOL = 2∙(1.5∙NFAa*) 2 . in case of NFAa* > 500 m “large scale solar plant” Remaining demand is supplied by heat generator of heating system. Note: is the net floor area of zones supplied by central system

. Heat storage: Indirect heated storage system (upright), placed outside of the thermal envelope.

. Heat distribution: Including circulation, Δp constant, pump designed by its demand, for calculating the reference building the lengths and position of pipes must be assumed the same as for the actual building. 4.2 HOT WATER – DECENTRAL WATER SYSTEM Electrical instantaneous water heater, one tap and 6 meters of pipe per unit.

5.1 HVAC SYSTEMS – EXHAUST AIR SYSTEM 3 Specific fan power: PSFP = 1.0 kW/(m /s)

5.2 HVAC SYSTEMS – SUPPLY AND EXHAUST AIR SYSTEM WITH- OUT RE-HEAT AND COOLING FUNCTION Specific fan power: 3 . supply-air fan: PSFP = 1.5 kW/(m /s) 3 . exhaust-air fan: PSFP = 1.0 kW/(m /s) Extra adjustments according to DIN EN 13799, Section 6.5.2 can only be taken into account if the following components are available: HEPA-filter, gas filter or heat recovery systems class H1 or H2. . Heat recovery via heat plate exchangers (cross-counter flow) with:

. recovered heat coefficient: ηt = 0.6

. pressure ratio: fP = 0.4 . air duct routing inside the building 5.3 HVAC SYSTEMS – SUPPLY AND EXHAUST AIR SYSTEM WITH Specific fan power: CONTROLLED AIR CONDITIONING 3 . supply-air fan: PSFP = 1.5 kW/(m /s) 3 . exhaust-air fan: PSFP = 1.0 kW/(m /s) Extra adjustments according to DIN EN 13799, Section 6.5.2 can only be taken into account if the following components are available: HEPA-filter, gas filter, or heat recovery systems class H1 or H2. . Heat recovery via heat plate exchangers (cross-counter flow) with:

. recovered heat coefficient: ηt = 0.6

. pressure ratio: fP = 0.4 . supply-air temperature: 18 °C . air duct routing inside the building 5.4 HVAC SYSTEMS – AIR HUMIDIFYING SYSTEM For calculating the reference building the humidifying unit must be assumed in the same way as for the actual building. 5.5 HVAC SYSTEMS – PURE AIR CONDITIONING In case of installation of a variable air volume system:

. pressure ratio: fP = 0.4 . air duct routing inside the building 6 ROOM COOLING . Cooling system: . Chilled water fan-coil, parapet unit . Cold water temperature: 14/18 °C

. Chilled water circuit room cooling: . Overflow: 10%

. Specific electric power of distribution: Pd,spez = 30 Wel/kWcooling . Hydraulic aligned, controlled pump, pump hydraulic decoupled, seasonal and night/weekend switch off

7 COOLING GENERATING SYSTEM . Generator: Piston/scroll compressor multi-level shiftable, R134a, air cooled

. Chilled water temperature: . If NFA cooled via room cooling > 5,000 m2 system temperature for this area: 14/18 °C . Otherwise: 6/12 °C

. Chilled water circuit generator inclusive HVAC cooling: . Overflow: 30%

. Specific electric power of distribution: Pd,spez = 20 Wel/kWcooling . Hydraulic aligned, uncontrolled pump, pump hydraulic decoupled, seasonal and night/weekend switch off . Distribution outside the conditioned zone

4. Reference Building – Demand for Thermal Zoning

Thermal zoning must be carried out for zones which differ from:

. physical properties within building envelope . room temperatures . mechanical air flow rate

APPENDIX 5

1. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Zone energy demand

Keys to symbols in table: 1 = Ideal energy calculation is defined as without limitation of heating/cooling load, 100% convective power, room climate system without thermal dynamic behaviour 2 = Effort numbers depend on several properties of designed zones; see VDI 2067/20 (heating systems) and Driver (cooling systems). The numbers given in the table can be taken for general modelling; alternatively exact numbers can be calculated as given in VDI 2067/20 and Driver. 3 = Radiation to convection ratio for individual heating or cooling system given in percentage.

NO. SCOPE OF CALCULATION ALTERNATIVE 1: ALTERNA- ALTERNATIVE 2: MATHEMAT- COMMENT REFER- IDEAL ENERGY TIVE 1: ICAL MODELING OF ROOM ENCE CALCULATION EFFORT CLIMATE SYSTEM INCLUD- FOR THERMAL NUMBER ING CONTROL 1 ZONE E1,TH,HEAT FOR ROOM CLIMATE SYSTEM2

1 HEATING 3 1 1 1 Radiator Uncontrolled with central Tested Soft- 1.28 Thermal dynamic mod- Rad/Con DIN V flow temperature ware elling of individual room ratio: 60/40 18599 3 1 1 2 Master room 1.20 climate system includ- Rad/Con -5, ing control characteris- ratio: 60/40 Ta- 3 1 1 3 P-Controller (2K) 1.15 tic of the controller Rad/Con bles 6, ratio: 60/40 7, 9 3 1 1 4 P-Controller (1K) 1.13 Rad/Con ratio: 60/40 3 1 1 5 PI-Controller 1.11 Rad/Con ratio: 60/40 3 1 1 6 PI-Controller (e.g. motion 1.11 Rad/Con sensor, adaptive control- ratio: 60/40 ler) 1 2 1 Convector Uncontrolled with central 1.28 Rad/Con flow temperature ratio: 15/85

1 2 2 Master room 1.20 Rad/Con ratio: 15/85 1 2 3 P-Controller (2K) 1.15 Rad/Con ratio: 15/85 1 2 4 P-Controller (1K) 1.13 Rad/Con ratio: 15/85 1 2 5 PI-Controller 1.11 Rad/Con ratio: 15/85 1 2 6 PI-Controller (for example: 1.11 Rad/Con motion sensor, adaptive ratio: 15/85 controller) 1 3 1 Floor heating (wet system) Uncontrolled 1.29 Rad/Con ratio: 85/15 1 3 2 Uncontrolled with central 1.26 Rad/Con flow temperature ratio: 85/15 1 3 3 Uncontrolled with averag- 1.21 Rad/Con ing values ratio: 85/15 1 3 4 Master room 1.16 Rad/Con ratio: 85/15 1 3 5 Two-step controller / P- 1.11 Rad/Con Controller ratio: 85/15 1 3 6 PI-Controller 1.09 Rad/Con ratio: 85/15 1 4 1 Floor heating (try system) Uncontrolled 1.27 Rad/Con ratio: 85/15 1 4 2 Uncontrolled with central 1.24 Rad/Con flow temperature ratio: 85/15 1 4 3 Uncontrolled with averag- 1.19 Rad/Con ing values ratio: 85/15 1 4 4 Master room 1.14 Rad/Con ratio: 85/15 1 4 5 Two-step controller / P- 1.09 Rad/Con Controller ratio: 85/15

1 4 6 PI-Controller 1.07 Rad/Con ratio: 85/15 1 5 1 Slab activation Uncontrolled 1.29 Rad/Con ratio: 90/10 1 5 2 Uncontrolled with central 1.26 Rad/Con flow temperature ratio: 90/10 1 5 3 Uncontrolled with averag- 1.21 Rad/Con ing values ratio: 90/10 1 5 4 Master room 1.16 Rad/Con ratio:90/10 1 5 5 Two-step controller / P- 1.11 Rad/Con Controller ratio: 90/10 1 5 6 PI-Controller 1.09 Rad/Con ratio: 90/10 1 6 1 Heating panel (ceiling) Uncontrolled 1.36 Rad/Con ratio: 80/20 1 6 2 Uncontrolled with central 1.33 Rad/Con flow temperature ratio: 80/20 1 6 3 Uncontrolled with averag- 1.28 Rad/Con ing values ratio: 80/20 1 6 4 Master room 1.23 Rad/Con ratio: 80/20 1 6 5 Two-step controller / P- 1.18 Rad/Con Controller ratio: 80/20 1 6 6 PI-Controller 1.16 Rad/Con ratio: 80/20 1 7 1 Wall heating Uncontrolled 1.33 Rad/Con ratio: 70/30 1 7 2 Uncontrolled with central 1.30 Rad/Con flow temperature ratio: 70/30 1 7 3 Uncontrolled with averag- 1.25 Rad/Con ing values ratio: 70/30 1 7 4 Master room 1.20 Rad/Con ratio:70/30

1 7 5 Two-step controller / P- 1.15 Rad/Con Controller ratio: 70/30 1 7 6 PI-Controller 1.13 Rad/Con ratio: 70/30 1 8 1 Hot air heating (fan coil unit, fan con- Low control grade / accu- 1.12 Rad/Con vector) racy ratio: 10/90 1 8 2 High control grade / accu- 1.08 Rad/Con racy ratio: 10/90

2 COOLING 2 1 1 Fan Coil Unit (FCU), Convector with 6/12 Tested Soft- 1.13 Thermal dynamic mod- DIN V fan ware elling of individual room 18599 2 1 2 8/14 1.10 climate system includ- -7-02, 2 1 3 14/18 1.00 ing control characteris- Ta- tic of the controller bles 7, 2 2 1 Passive beams 14/18 1.00 8 2 3 1 Active beams 8/14 1.10 2 3 2 14/18 1.00 2 4 1 Floor cooling 18/20 1.00 2 5 1 Slab activation 18/20 1.00 2 6 1 Cooling panel (ceiling) 16/18 1.00 2 7 1 Wall cooling 18/20 1.00 2 8 1 Air cooler HVAC 6/12 No humidity control 1.23 2 8 2 Humidity control with toler- 1.16 ance 2 8 3 Humidity control without 1.10 tolerance 2 9 1 Air cooler HVAC 14/18 No humidity control 1.10 2 9 2 Humidity control with toler- 1.10 ance 2 9 3 Humidity control without 1.10 tolerance 2 10 1 Air cooler HVAC 18/20 No humidity control 1.00 2 10 2 Humidity control with toler- 1.00 ance

2 10 3 Humidity control without 1.00 tolerance 2 11 1 Air cooler HVAC direct evaporator No humidity control 1.23 2 11 2 Humidity control with toler- 1.16 ance 2 11 3 Humidity control without 1.10 tolerance

3 VENTILATION, AIR-CONDITIONING 3 1 1 Ventilation system without air- Thermal dynamic mod- conditioning elling of thermodynam- 3 2 1 Ventilation system with sensible heat- ic processes (heating, ing and cooling cooling, humidifying, 3 3 1 Air-conditioning (CAV, VAV) de-humidifying, heat recovery, variable pressure drop dependent on volume flow)

4 LIGHTING ADVANCED MODEL FOR SIMPLE MODEL FOR LIGHTING LIGHTING ENERGY CALCU- ENERGY CALCULATION LATION ELLIGHT,ZONE ELLIGHT,ZONE 4 1 1 Lighting Energy demand Lighting Energy de- per Zone mand per Zone = = Operation time Operation time x installed lighting power x installed lighting [W/m2] power [W/m2] x UseFact x UseFact x ConFact x ConFact x DaylFact x Daylight Modelling (according to VDI 6007/3 or to local standards)

2. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Effort numbers for heating and chilled water distribution

NO. ELECTRICAL AUXILIARY ENERGY DEMAND FOR DISTRIBUTION OF HEATING ELHEAT,DIS,AUX AND COOLING CCOOL,DIS,AUX

1 CONTROLLED CIRCULATING PUMP TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE ELDIS,AUX BETWEEN FLOW AND RETURN [W] RESPECTIVELY [WH/H] [K] 1 1 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 20 0.062 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to 1 1 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 20 0.039 DIN V 4701-10 for Germany) 1 1 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 20 0.036 1 2 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 15 0.074 1 2 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 15 0.048 1 2 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 15 0.045 1 3 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 10 0.093 1 3 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 10 0.067 1 3 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 10 0.064 1 4 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 7 0.164 1 4 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 7 0.119 1 4 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 7 0.113 1 5 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 4 0.236 1 5 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 4 0.170 1 5 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 4 0.162 1 6 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 2 0.283 1 6 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 2 0.204 1 6 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 2 0.194

1 ELDIS,AUX UNCONTROLLED CIRCULATING PUMP TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLOW AND RETURN [W] RESPECTIVELY [WH/H] [K] 1 7 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 20 0.087 1 7 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 20 0.054 1 7 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 20 0.050 1 8 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 15 0.103

1 8 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 15 0.068 1 8 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 15 0.063 1 9 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 10 0.130 1 9 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 10 0.094 1 9 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 10 0.090 1 10 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 7 0.230 1 10 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 7 0.166 1 10 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 7 0.158 1 11 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 4 0.330 1 11 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 4 0.238 1 11 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 4 0.227 1 12 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 2 0.397 1 12 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 2 0.286 1 12 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 2 0.272

2 THERMAL AUXILIARY ENERGY DEMAND FOR DISTRIBUTION OF HEATING HDIS,HEAT,LOSS AND COOLING CDIS,COOL,LOSS

HDIS,HEAT,LOSS Energy Saving Ordinance (e.g. EnEV for Germany) 2 1 1 Heating pipework 90/70 10.8

2 1 2 70/55 7.6

2 1 3 55/45 5.4

2 1 4 35/28 2.0

2 CDIS,COOL,LOSS 2 2 1 Cooling pipework 6/12 2.2

2 2 2 14/18 0.8

2 2 3 18/20 0.2

3. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Effort numbers for heating and chilled water generation

Heating generation / Effort numbers for boilers

NO. HEATING GENERATION / EFFORT NUMBERS E3,TH,HEAT FOR BOILERS

1 E3,TH,HEAT [-]

1 1 1 Constant temperature boiler for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.2 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to DIN V for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.17 4701-10 for Germany) 1 1 2 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.13 1 2 1 Low temperature boiler for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.10 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.09 1 2 2 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.08 1 3 Considering boiler 1 3 1 70/55 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.05 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.04 1 3 2 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.03 1 3 3 55/45 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.02 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.02 1 3 4 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.01 1 3 5 35/28 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 0.99 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 0.99 1 3 6 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 0.98

2 HEATING GENERATION / SPC (SEASONAL PERFORMANCE COEFFICIENT) FOR ELECTIRCAL HEAT PUMPS SPC [-]

2 1 1 water/water 55/45 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to DIN V 2 1 2 35/28 4701-10 for Germany) 2 2 1 soil/water 55/45 2 2 2 35/28 2 3 1 air/water 55/45

2 3 2 35/28 2 4 1 exhaust air/water 55/45 2 4 2 35/28

3 HEATING GENERATION / EFFORT NUMBERS E3,TH,HEAT FOR DISTRICT HEATING

E3,TH,HEAT [-]

3 1 1 All heating circuit temperatures LCA database (e.g. ESUCO) 1.01 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to DIN V 4701-10 for Germany)

Chilled water generation / ESEER (European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) for compression chillers

To calculate the electrical and energy demand for cooling generation, the ESEER value needs to be defined. The ESEER regards part load values of chillers from 25 % to 100 % by evaluating EER (known as COP) of the chillers in accordance to different re-cooling temperatures. The evaluation depends on the periodicity of the weather per year which leads to the different part loads and simultaneous to the four appearing re-cooling temperatures. Therefore the following table has to be used:

LOAD OF NET COOLING POWER RE-COOLING AIR TEMPERATURE RE-COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE EVALUATION [%] [°C] [°C] [%]

100 35 30 3 75 30 26 33 50 25 22 41 25 20 18 23

The EER values have to be requested from the manufacturers of the chiller. With these values the ESEER value can be defined as follows

ESEER = (3 ∙ EER100% + 33 ∙ EER75% + 41 ∙ EER50% + 23 ∙ EER25%) / 100

The advantage of this method is to get an averaged and evaluated performance coefficient to calculate the electrical end energy demand. On the following link ESEER values of already certified chillers can be taken into account: http://www.eurovent-certification.com/

Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for one level absorption chillers

H2O/LIBR – ONE LEVEL ABSORPTION CHILLERS

HEATING GENERATION TEMPERATURE COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE CHILLED WATER FLOW TEMPERATURE NOMINAL HEAT COEFFICIENT Ζ OR E3,TH,COOL [°C] [°C] [°C] [-]

80/70 27/33 6 - 14 0.71 40/45 6 - 14 - 90/75 27/33 6 0.69 14 0.72 40/45 6 - 14 - 110/95 27/33 6 0.70 14 0.72 40/45 6 - 14 0.71 130/110 27/33 6 0.71 14 0.73 40/45 6 0.70 14 0.72

Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for direct gas fired absorption chillers

DIRECT GAS FIRED ABSORPTION CHILLERS NOMINAL HEAT COEFFICIENT Ζ OR E3,TH,COOL [-] Nominal level NH3/water 0.6 Water/LiBr double effect 1.3

Chilled water generation / Electrical energy demand for cooling towers

TYPE EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOWERS (INCLUSIVELY SPRAY WATER PUMPS) EVALUATION RE-COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE [%] [°C]

CLOSED CIRCUIT (HYBRID COOLING TOWERS) OPEN CIRCUIT DRY COOLING TOWERS

ELCOOL,RE [KWEL/KWRE-COOL]

without extra silencer (axial-flow fan) 0.033 0.018 0.0945 with extra silencer (radial-flow fan) 0.040 0.021 -

Chilled water generation / Electrical energy demand for geothermal free-cooling

GEOTHERMAL COOLING SPECIFIC ELECTRICAL DEMAND

ELCOOL,FREE [KWEL/KWFREE-COOL]

Cooling via earth probes 0.05

Additional information to reference EER values of different kind of chillers

Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for water cooled compression chillers

REFRIGERANT COOLING WA- CHILLED WATER AVERAGE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER EFFORT NUMBER E3 FLOW TEMPERA- VAPORISATION TER TEMPERA- [-] TURE TURE TEMPERATURE [°C] [°C] [°C] PISTON/SCROLL SCREW COM- CENTRIFUGAL PISTON/SCROLL SCREW COM- CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR 10 KW PRESSOR 200 COMPRESSOR COMPRESSOR 10 PRESSOR 200 COMPRESSOR

TO 1,500 KW KW TO 2,000 KW 500 KW TO 8,000 KW TO 1,500 KW KW TO 2,000 KW 500 KW TO 8,000 KW KW R134a 27/33 6 0 4.0 4.5 5.2 0.25 0.22 0.19 14 8 4.6 5.3 5.9 0.22 0.19 0.17 40/45 6 0 3.1 2.9 4.1 0.32 0.34 0.24 14 8 3.7 3.7 4.8 0.27 0.27 0.21

R407C 27/33 6 0 3.8 4.2 - 0.26 0.24 - 14 8 4.4 4.9 - 0.23 0.20 - 40/45 6 0 3.0 2.7 - 0.33 0.37 - 14 8 3.6 3.3 - 0.28 0.30 - R410A 27/33 6 0 3.6 - - 0.28 - - 14 8 4.2 - - 0.24 - - 40/45 6 0 2.8 - - 0.36 - - 14 8 3.3 - - 0.30 - - R717 27/33 6 0 - 4.6 - - 0.22 - 14 8 - 5.4 - - 0.19 - 40/45 6 0 - 3.1 - - 0.32 - 14 8 - 3.7 - - 0.27 - R22 27/33 6 0 4.1 4.6 5.1 0.24 0.22 0.20 14 8 4.8 5.4 5.7 0.21 0.19 0.18 40/45 6 0 3.2 3.0 4.1 0.31 0.33 0.24 14 8 3.8 3.6 4.7 0.26 0.28 0.21

Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for air cooled compression chillers

REFRIGERANT CHILLED WATER FLOW AVERAGE VAPORISA- ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER EFFORT NUMBER E3 [-] TEMPERATURE TION TEMPERATURE

[°C] [°C] PISTON/SCROLL COM- SCREW COMPRESSOR 200 KW TO 2,000 KW PISTON/SCROLL COM- SCREW COMPRESSOR PRESSOR 10 KW TO 1,500 PRESSOR 10 KW TO 1,500 200 KW TO 2,000 KW KW KW R134a 6 0 2.8 3.0 0.36 0.33 14 8 3.5 3.7 0.29 0.27 R407C 6 0 2.5 2.7 0.40 0.37 14 8 3.2 3.4 0.31 0.29 R410A 6 0 2.4 - 0.42 - 14 8 3.1 - 0.32 - R717 6 0 - 3.2 - 0.31 14 8 - 3.9 - 0.26 R22 6 0 2.9 3.1 0.34 0.32 14 8 3.6 3.8 0.28 0.26

Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for room climate system < 12 kW, air cooled

SYSTEM ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER PART LOAD CONTROL EFFORT NUMBER E3 [-] Compact climate system 2.6 on/off 0.38

Split system 2.7 on/off 0.37 variable speed drive Multi-split system 2.9 on/off 0.34 variable speed drive

Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for room climate system > 12 kW, air cooled

SYSTEM ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO PART LOAD CONTROL EFFORT NUMBER E3 FOR COOLING EER [-]

VRF-system with variable refrigerant 3.5 at least one parallel compressor, variable speed drive 0.29 mass flow

Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for one level absorption chillers

H2O/LIBR – ONE LEVEL ABSORPTION CHILLERS

HEATING GENERATION TEMPERATURE COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE CHILLED WATER FLOW TEMPERATURE NOMINAL HEAT COEFFICIENT Ζ EFFORT NUMBER E3 [°C] [°C] [°C] [-] [-]

80/70 27/33 6 - - 14 0.71 0.71 40/45 6 - - 14 - - 90/75 27/33 6 0.69 0.69 14 0.72 0.72

40/45 6 - - 14 - - 110/95 27/33 6 0.70 0.70 14 0.72 0.72 40/45 6 - - 14 0.71 0.71 130/110 27/33 6 0.71 0.71 14 0.73 0.73 40/45 6 0.70 0.70 14 0.72

Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for direct gas fired absorption chillers

DIRECT GAS FIRED NOMINAL HEAT COEFFICIENT Ζ EFFORT NUMBER E3 [-] [-]

One level NH3/water 0.6 0.6

Water/LiBr double effect 1.3 1.3

Chilled water generation / Electrical energy demand for cooling towers

TYPE EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOWERS (INCLUSIVELY SPRAY WATER PUMPS) EVALUATION [°C] [%]

CLOSED CIRCUIT (HYBRID COOLING TOWERS) OPEN CIRCUIT DRY COOLING TOWERS

QR,EL [KW/KW]

without extra silencer (axial-flow fan) 0.033 0.018 0.0945 with extra silencer (radial-flow fan) 0.040 0.021 -

Chilled water generation / Considered end energy

INDIRECT SYSTEM COMPRESSION CHILLERS ABSORPTION CHILLERS

WATER CHILLED AIR CHILLED WATER CHILLED

EVAPORATIVE DRY COOLER COMPACT EVAPORATIVE COOLER DRY COOLER

COOLER Chillers electrical electrical energy electrical energy thermal energy thermal energy energy Re-cooler electrical electrical energy - electrical energy electrical energy energy

4. Calculation of end energy for HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems

Equations for calculation of the end energy demand for heating and electricity during operation per year:

End energy demand for heating

H = Hheat,gen whereby

2 Hheat,gen is the total end energy demand for heating in [kWh/m a]

End energy demand for electricity

El = Eltot

whereby

2 Eltot total electrical end energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation, air-conditioning and lighting in [kWh/m a]

STEP 1: Zone Energy Demand

ALTERNATIVE 1: Ideal energy calculation for thermal zone

Heating:

Hzone = Hzone,ideal ∙ e1,th,heat whereby

2 Hzone Thermal heating energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] 2 Hzone,ideal Ideal thermal heating energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] e1,th,heat Effort number for heating system in [-]

Domestic hot water:

2 Hzone,dhw Thermal heating energy demand for domestic hot water per zone in [kWh/m a]

Cooling:

Thermal Czone = Czone,ideal ∙ e1,th,cool

whereby

2 Czone Thermal cooling energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] 2 Czone,ideal Ideal thermal cooling energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] e1,th,cool Effort number for cooling system in [-]

Ventilation / air-conditioning (HVAC):

See ALTERNATIVE 2

Lighting:

Ellight,zone = Time ∙ Lel ∙ UseFact ∙ ConFact ∙ DaylFact whereby

2 Ellight,zone Electrical lighting energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] Time Usage time per zone in [h/a] 2 Lel Specific power rating of lighting per zone in [W/m ]

UseFact Factor considering relative absence per zone in [-]

Con Fact Factor considering motion sensors per zone in [-]

Dayl Fact Factor considering daylight use per zone in [-]

ALTERNATIVE 2: Mathematical modelling

Heating:

Hzone = Hzone,math

whereby

2 Hzone Thermal heating energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] 2 Hzone,math Simulated thermal heating energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a]

with thermal dynamic modelling of individual room climate system including control characteristic of the controller

Cooling:

Thermal Czone = Czone,math whereby

2 Czone Thermal cooling energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] 2 Czone,math Simulated thermal cooling energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a]

with thermal dynamic modelling of individual room climate system including control characteristic of the controller

Ventilation / air-conditioning (HVAC):

Hven =Hven,math whereby

2 Hven Thermal heating energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m a] 2 Hven,math Simulated thermal heating energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m a] with thermal dynamic modelling of thermodynamic processes (heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying, heat recovery,

variable pressure drop dependent on volume flow)

Cooling Cven = Cven,math

whereby

2 Cven Thermal cooling energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m a] 2 Cven,math Simulated thermal cooling energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m a] with thermal dynamic modelling of thermodynamic processes (heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying, heat recovery,

variable pressure drop dependent on volume flow)

Electrical (fan) Elven = Elven,math whereby

2 Elven Electrical energy demand for ventilation of building zones in [kWh/m a] 2 Elven,math Simulated Electrical energy demand for ventilation of building zones in [kWh/m a] with thermal dynamic modelling of thermodynamic processes (heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying, heat recovery,

variable pressure drop dependent on volume flow)

Lighting:

Ellight,zone = Time ∙ Lel ∙ UseFact ∙ ConFact ∙ Daylmath whereby

2 Ellight,zone Electrical lighting energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] Time Usage time per zone in [h/a] 2 Lel Specific power rating of lighting per zone in [W/m ]

UseFact Factor considering relative absence per zone in [-]

Con Fact Factor considering motion sensors per zone in [-]

Dayl math Factor considering detailed daylight use per zone in [-] with shading and CIE daylight data

STEP 2: Distribution

Heating:

Hdis = , , 풏 ∑풛풐풏풆=ퟏ 푯풛풐풏풆 − 푯풅풊풔 풉풆풂풕 풍풐풔풔

, , Hdis,heat,loss = 풉풅풊풔 풉풆풂풕 풍풐풔풔∙풍풑풊풑풆풘풐풓풌∙푻풊풎풆 푵푭푨 whereby

2 Hdis Thermal heating energy demand for distribution in [kWh/m a] 2 Hzone Thermal heating energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] 2 Hdis,heat,loss Thermal heating energy demand for distribution heating loss of the building in [kWh/m a] n Number of zones hdis,heat,loss Specific heat loss of pipework in [W/m] Time Operating time of heating in [h/a] lpipework Single length of pipework in [m] NFA Net floor area [m2]

Cooling:

Cdis = , , 풏 ∑풛풐풏풆=ퟏ 푪 풛풐풏풆 − 푪풅풊풔 풄풐풐풍 풍풐풔풔 , , Cdis,cool,loss = 풄풅풊풔 풄풐풐풍 풍풐풔풔∙풍풑풊풑풆풘풐풓풌∙푻풊풎풆 whereby 푵푭푨

n Number of zones hdis,cool,loss Specific cooling loss of pipework in [W/m] Time Operating time of cooling in [h/a] lpipework Single length of pipework in [m] NFA Net floor area [m2]

Ventilation / air-conditioning (HVAC):

Heating Hven,dis = Hven whereby

2 Hven,dis Heating energy demand for air distribution in [kWh/m a]

Thermal, cooling Cven,dis = Cven whereby

2 Cven,dis Cooling energy demand for air distribution in [kWh/m a]

Electrical (fan) Elven,dis = Elven whereby

2 Elven,dis Electrical energy demand for air distribution in [kWh/m a]

Lighting:

Ellight = , 풏 ∑풛풐풏풆=ퟏ 푬풍풍풊품풉풕 풛풐풏풆

whereby

2 Ellight Electrical lighting energy demand of the building in [kWh/m a] 2 Ellight,zone Electrical lighting energy demand per zone in [kWh/m a] n Number of zones

STEP 3: Generation

Heating:

Hheat,gen = (Hdis + Hven,dis + Hcool,gen) ∙ e3,th,heat whereby

2 Hheat,gen Total thermal heating energy demand of the building in [kWh/m a] 2 Hdis Thermal heating energy demand for distribution in [kWh/m a] 2 Hven,dis Thermal heating energy demand for HVAC distribution in [kWh/m a] 2 Hcool,gen Thermal heating energy demand for absorption cooling generation in [kWh/m a] e3,th,heat Effort number for heating generation in [-]

, , Elheat,gen = 푯풅풊풔+푯풗풆풏 풅풊풔+푯풄풐풐풍 품풆풏 푺푷푪 , SPC = 푯풉풆풂풕 ,품풆풏 푬풍풉풆풂풕 품풆풏 whereby

2 Elheat,gen Electrical energy demand for heating pump operation in [kWh/m a] 2 SPC Seasonal performance coefficient (averaged COP – coefficient of performance – including part load operation during year) in [kWh/m a]

Cooling: Absorber Hcool,gen = (Cdis + Cven,dis + Ccool,gen) ∙ e3,th,heat whereby

2 Hcool,gen Thermal heating energy demand for absorption cooling generation in [kWh/m a] 2 Cdis Thermal cooling energy demand for distribution in [kWh/m a] 2 Cven,dis Thermal cooling energy demand for HVAC distribution in [kWh/m a] e3,th,heat Effort number for absorption cooling generation in [-]

Re-cooling (Absorber) Elcool,gen,re = (Hcool,gen + Cdis + Cven,dis) ∙ elcool,re whereby

2 Hcool,gen Thermal heating energy demand for absorption cooling generation in [kWh/m a] elcool,re Specific electrical energy demand for re-cooling in [kWel/kWre-cool]

, Compressor Elcool,gen,comp = 푪풅풊풔+푪풗풆풏 풅풊풔 푬푺푬푬푹 whereby

2 Elcool,gen,comp Electrical energy demand for compression chillers in [kWh/m a] ESEER European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio in [-]

Re-cooling (Compressor) Elcool,gen,re = (Elcool,gen,comp + Cdis + Cven,dis) ∙ elcool,re

whereby

2 Elcool,gen,re Electrical energy demand for re-cooling in [kWh/m a] elcool,re Specific electrical energy demand for re-cooling in [kWel/kWre-cool]

Geothermal free-cooling Elcool,free = (Cdis + Cven,dis) ∙ elcool,free whereby

2 Elcool,free Electrical energy demand for geothermal free-cooling in [kWh/m a] elcool,free Specific electrical energy demand for geothermal free-cooling in [kWel/kWre-cool]

Electricity cooling Elcool,gen = Elcool,gen,comp + Elcool,gen,re whereby

2 Elcool,gen Electrical energy demand for cooling generation in [kWh/m a] 2 Elcool,gen,comp Electrical energy demand for compression chillers in [kWh/m a] 2 Elcool,gen,re Electrical energy demand for re-cooling in [kWh/m a]

Total electricity Eltot = Elheat,dis,aux + Elcool,dis,aux + Elcool,gen + Elven,dis + Ellight whereby

2 Elven,dis Electrical energy demand for air distribution in [kWh/m a] 2 Ellight Electrical lighting energy demand in [kWh/m a]

APPENDIX 6

System boundaries of LCA in the DGNB System

Key to symbols in table: x = taken into account (x) = partially taken into account (see comment for specifics) = not taken into account = not relevant A 1-3 A 4-5 B 1-7 C 1-4 D

PRODUCT PHASE CONSTRUCTION USE STAGE END-OF-LIFE NEXT PRODUCT PRODUCT STAGE SYSTEM

Y-

TURER E SE OLITION EC G SITE

ILDING

END OF LIFE

RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY TRANSPORT TO MANUFAC MANUFACTURING TRANSPORT TO BUILDIN INSTALLATION INTO BU USE / APPLICATION MAINTENANCE REPAIR REPLACEMENT REFURBISHMENT OPERATIONAL ENERGY U OPERATIONAL WATER US DECONSTRUCTION / DEM TRANSPORT TO PROCESSING WASTE DISPOSAL REUSE, RECOVERY OR R CLING POTENTIAL System Boundaries included in the LCA of the construction A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D Structure - structural designs

Excavation

Shoring works

Water control

Excavation, other

Foundation

Subsoil improvement x x x x x x

Surface foundations x x x x x x

Deep foundations x x x x x x

Subsoil and base plates x x x (x)1 x x x

Flooring x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

Water proofing of building x x x (x)1 x x x

Drainage x x x (x)1 x x x

Foundation, other x x x (x)1 x x x

External walls

Load bearing external walls x x x (x)1 x x x

Non-load bearing external walls x x x (x)1 x x x

External supports x x x (x)1 x x x

External doors and windows x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

External wall cladding, external x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

External wall cladding, internal x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

Unitised external walls x x x (x)1 x x x

Sun protection x x x (x)1 x x x

External walls, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Internal walls

Load bearing internal walls x x x (x)1 x x x

Non-load nearing internal walls x x x (x)1 x x x

Internal supports x x x (x)1 x x x

Internal doors and windows x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

Internal wall cladding x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

Unitised internal walls x x x (x)1 x x x

Internal walls, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Ceilings

Ceiling structures x x x (x)1 x x x

Ceiling coverings x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

Ceiling cladding x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

Ceilings, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Roofs

Roof constructions x x x (x)1 x x x

Roof windows, roof openings x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x

Roof membranes x x x (x)1 x x x

Roof cladding x x x (x)1 x x x

Roofs, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Structural construction installations

General installations x x x (x)1 x x x

Special installations x x x (x)1 x x x

Structural construction installations, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Other provisions for structural design

Building site facilities

Scaffolding

Safeguarding measures

Demolition measures

Repair

Disposal of materials

Additional measures

Provisional arrangements

Other provisions for structural design, other

Building and technical installations

Waste water, water, gas facilities

Waste water facilities x x x (x)1 (x)3 x x x

Water installations x x x (x)1 (x)3 x x x

Gas-fired installations x x x (x)1 x x x x

Waste water, water, gas facilities, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Heat supply facilities

Heat generation plants x x x (x)1 x x x x

Heat distribution grid x x x (x)1 x x x x

Room heating radiators x x x (x)1 x x x

Heat supply facilities, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Air conditioning systems

Ventilation systems x x x (x)1 x x x x

Partial air conditioning systems x x x (x)1 x x x x

Air conditioning systems x x x (x)1 x x x x

Cooling systems x x x (x)1 x x x x

Air conditioning systems, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Electrical power installations

High and medium voltage installations x x x (x)1 x x x x

Own power supply system (x)4 (x)4 (x)4 (x)1 x x x x

Low voltage switch gears x x x (x)1 x x x x

Low voltage installation systems x x x (x)1 (x)5 x x x

Lighting systems x x x (x)1 x x x x

Lightning protection and earthing systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Electrical power installations, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Communication and information technology systems Telecommunication systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Search and signal systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Time service systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Electro-acoustic systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Television and aerial systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Hazard and alarm systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Transmission network x x x (x)1 x x x

Communication and information technology 1 x x x (x) x x x systems, other Conveyor belts

Lift systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Escalators, moving walkways x x x (x)1 x x x

Access systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Transport systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Crane systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Conveyors, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Usage specific systems

Kitchen facilities x x x (x)1 x x x

Laundry and cleaning facilities x x x (x)1 x x x

Media supply facilities x x x (x)1 x x x

Medicine and lab facilities x x x (x)1 x x x

Fire-extinguishing systems x x x (x)1 x x x

Bathing facilities x x x (x)1 x x x

Process systems for heating, cooling and 1 x x x (x) x x x ventilation Disposal facilities x x x (x)1 x x x

Usage specific systems, other x x x (x)1 x x x

Building automation

Automation systems x x x (x)1 (x)5 x x x

Control cabinets x x x (x)1 (x)5 x x x

Management and control facilities x x x (x)1 (x)5 x x x

Room automation systems x x x (x)1 (x)5 x x x

Transmission network x x x (x)1 (x)5 x x x

Building automation, other x x x (x)1 (x)5 x x x

Other provisions for technical systems

Building site facilities

Scaffolding

Safeguarding measures

Demolition measures

Repair

Disposal of materials

Additional measures

Provisional arrangements

Other provisions for technical systems, other

1) Only includes the manufacture and disposal of the exchanged product and not the exchange process itself (in line with building process). 2) Maintenance processes are shown incompletely as water consumption in ENV2.2. Not included in ENV1.1 and ENV2.1 3) Water consumption of the building is shown in ENV2.2. Not included in ENV1.1 and ENV2.1 4) Photovoltaic installations are shown incompletely due to a lack of data. 5) The user current consumption is not recorded completely as this is not established completely in DIN V 18599-5.

System boundaries of LCA in the DGNB System y to symbols in table: x = taken into account (x) = partially taken into account (see comment for specifics) = not taken into account = not relevant

A 1-3 A 4-5 B 1-7 C 1-4 D

PRODUCT PHASE CONSTRUCTION USE STAGE END-OF-LIFE NEXT PRODUCT PRODUCT STAGE SYSTEM

TURER TURER TURER TURER G SITE G SITE G SITE

ILDING ILDING ILDING

RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY TRANSPORT TO MANUFAC MANUFACTURING TRANSPORT TO BUILDIN INSTALLATION INTO BU RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY TRANSPORT TO MANUFAC MANUFACTURING TRANSPORT TO BUILDIN INSTALLATION INTO BU RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY TRANSPORT TO MANUFAC MANUFACTURING TRANSPORT TO BUILDIN INSTALLATION INTO BU RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY TRANSPORT TO MANUFAC System boundaries in the usage phase A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D Operating costs Utilities Water x Oil x Gas x Solid fuel x District heating x

Power x Technical media Utilities, other Repair costs Repair of the structural design Foundation (x) 1) (x) 3) (x) 2 External walls (x)1) (x)3) (x)2) Internal walls (x)1) (x)3) (x)2) Ceilings (x)1) (x)3) (x)2) Roofs (x)1 (x)3 (x)2 Structural construction installations (x)1 (x)2 Repair of the structural design, other (x)1 (x)2 Repair of the technical equipment Waste water, water, gas facilities (x)2) x Heat supply facilities (x)2) x Air conditioning systems (x)2) x Electrical power installations (x)2) x Communication and information systems (x)2 Conveyor belts (x)2 Usage specific systems (x)2 x Building automation (x)2 Repair of the technical equipment (x)2 Repair of the outdoor facilities Grounds area Paved areas

Structural design of the outdoor facilities Technical equipment in the outdoor facilities Fixtures in the outdoor facilities Repair of the outdoor facilities, other Repair of the equipment Equipment Works of art Repair of the equipment, other

1) Taken into account by other criterion such as e.g. interior hygiene. Not included in ENV1.1 and ENV2.1 2) Only includes the manufacture and disposal of the exchanged product and not the exchange process itself (in line with building process). 3) Maintenance processes are shown incompletely as water consumption in ENV2.2. Not included in ENV1.1 and ENV2.1

APPENDIX 7

How to use the ESUCO database

Based on the German “Ökobau.dat” developed by PE INTERNATIONAL, the ESUCO database (European SUstainable COnstruction Database) is tailored to suit the European market.

As a DGNB Consultant or Auditor, you can gain free access to ESUCO via the password-protected area of the DGNB website. Read the guidance note entitled „ESUCO Short Description” for advice on how to downloaded and unzip the database. Once unzipped, the folder contains the following files:

. ESUCO_International . ESUCO . processes

Note: Please use Internet Explorer to open the datasets to ensure that the data is displayed correctly. The data cannot be viewed in other browsers. The Life Cycle Assessment is completed by a process of linking the quantities captured in the Mass Balance to the data in the ESUCO database. The Mass Balance should be as complete and comprehensive as possible. We advise following the structure set out in APPENDIX 1 of Criterion ECO 1.1 in listing the items in the mass balance. In linking the mass balance to the database, please ensure that you select the appropriate ESUCO dataset for each item and that you accurately calculate all of the life cycle phases mentioned in the criterion (i.e. production, use, and end-of.-life). The dataset for each material includes all of the five environmental impact potentials which must be listed individually in the final evaluation. The DGNB system captures a standard life cycle of fifty years. This means that materials with a shorter life span must be factored in several times. For example, a material with a life span of 10 years must be replaced five times. As a result the data for production and end-of-life must be factored in to the calculation five times. Whereas the DGNB criterion uses kilowatt hours per square meter (kWh/m²), some ESUCO datasets are quoted in Mega joule MJ. Please include this data using the conversion factor 1kWh = 3.6 MJ Ideally, the ESUCO dataset should perfectly match the exact material for the relevant country in question. Where this is not possible, please select a plausible proxy (e.g. a

material or country which is comparable in terms of energy generation and demand) and provide an adequate explanation for the selection you have made. For example, the dataset for manufacturer specific concrete is not included in ESUCO. In this case, the average dataset for the production of concrete in the EU can be used in its place. Please ensure you select the appropriate electricity generation mix for the country in question. The same principle applies to the heat source mix, however please note that this is not provided in ESUCO and that you may need to conduct some additional research to identify and explain the appropriate heat source mix for the country in question. The evaluation method is explained in more detail in the criterion.

DGNB CRITERION ENV1.2 LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

CORE AND SCHEME SHEET Offices Version 2014

TOPIC Environmental Quality

CRITERIA GROUP Effects on the Global and Local Environment

RELEVANCE FACTOR 3 SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE 3.4%

OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE

Certain materials, products and methods are hazardous to soil, air, ground, and surface water as well as the health of humans, flora, and fauna. The use of materials, products, and methods which endanger the soil, air, ground, and surface water due to their chemical composition or physical characteristics must be reduced or avoided, or these must be substituted in order to reduce risks to humans and to the local environment to a minimum. This applies particularly to those materials, products, and methods which cause short, medium and/or long-term damage to risks to soil, air, ground, and surface water as well as the health of humans, flora, and fauna. This includes a consideration of their entire life cycle including manufacture and processing on the building site, use in the building, and their end-of-life including demolition, recycling, and disposal.

Risks to the local environment are considered in relation to materials and products used. At present, there are no established methods to capture and evaluate toxicity to humans and the environment.

Additional explanation

Each of these high risk material and product groups are individually checked and evaluated during the certification. At present this process includes the following material groups (as products or as components):

. halocarbon and partially halocarbon refrigerants . halocarbon and partially halocarbon propellants . heavy metals . materials which fall under the Biocidal Products Directive . hazardous materials in accordance with the CLP Regulation (1272/2008/EC) . organic solvents and plasticisers

Materials and components to be considered are further specified and explained in APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes”.

The aim to limit volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from products and their potential risks during use leads to an overlap between considering products’ VOC content and the resulting quantum of VOCs they release. Criterion ENV1.2 "Local environmental impact" is focused purely on the VOC content in the product (rather than on the release of VOCs from the product) whereas Criterion SOC1.2 "Indoor Air Quali- ty" includes a quantitative evaluation of indoor emissions of volatile substances.

Planning procedure: At an early design stage, consideration must be given to the critical substance content of certain materials (see APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes”), testing alternative design solutions where appropriate. In most cases, careful selection of building materials can exclude the hazardous substances and products listed in AP- PENDIX 1 without limiting design and functionality.

Based on the component catalogue (see APPENDIX 2), a comprehensive layer diagram must be provided for each building component, including auxiliary materials such as adhesives, primers etc. Comprehensive and verifiable evidence must be provided for each requirement within the relevant quality class, as listed in APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes”, column J.

METHOD

Criterion ENV1.2 contains specific requirements for a very wide range of building materials. APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes” includes the relevant requirements for the materials and components specifically listed. All materials and building products must be itemised in the component catalogue (see APPENDIX 2) for each individual requirement. This applies to the following areas:

. floor structure including foundations . external wall structure . internal wall structure . ceiling structure . roof structure . underground car parks (are considered separately)

It must be demonstrated that components/products/materials finished off-site before delivery to the building site meet the following requirements:

. requirements for VOC and heavy metal relating to components painted, varnished or lacquered off- site (e.g. steel structures, doors, frames, radiators, partition walls, ceiling systems). The VOC requirements are deemed to be met where coating materials used accord with the intended quality class, or where manufacturers comply with the 31. German Federal Emission Protection Ordinance (BImSchV) (VOC emissions in manufacturing). . requirements for halogenated propellants relating to foam insulation materials . requirements for VOC and Biocide agents for pre-treated timber components (e. g. chemical timber protection according to DIN 68 800) . requirements for treatment with Cr(VI) compounds relating to aluminium and stainless steel components . requirements for refrigerants relating to refrigeration systems . lead, cadmium, and zinc stabilisers relating to plastic windows, floor, and wall coverings

The evaluation is carried out in quality classes which balance cost and ease of implementation with the environmental implications of substituting alternative materials.

All materials and aspects listed in APPENDIX 1 “Quality classes” must be considered with regard to the intended quality class. The DGNB conformity check can only recognise qualities which are fully evidenced. The quality class attained in the criterion ENV1.2 is defined by the individual aspect meeting the lowest quality class. The quality classes listed in APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes” are nested so that the requirements for the higher quality class include the successful implementation of all requirements of the quality classes below.

International application

Subject to DGNB approval, quality class 1 can be adapted to local requirements and locally available classification systems for international use. Approval will require a full description of the relevant local requirements and a demonstration of equivalence with the German requirements for quality class 1. Locally available products can be allocated to one of the four quality classes if it can be demonstrated that these are

identical to German or European products in terms of quality and composition corresponding to the relevant quality class.

Example: A paint manufacturer in China produces a paint which is identical to a German product in terms of composition and application. This can be demonstrated by reference to the product declaration. In this case, the Chinese product can be allocated to the same quality class as the German product. Reflecting the challenges to data gathering in the international context, a declaration of 50 % of the used material scores 5 CLP. The relevant environmental component catalogue must be completed in full in order to demonstrate that environmental data has been made available for 50% of materials used.

EVALUATION

Quality classes The quality classes listed in APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes” are nested so that the requirements for the higher quality class include the successful implementation of all requirements of the quality classes below.

TABLE 1

REQUIREMENTS CLP

50 % or more of the component catalogue meet all the requirements 5 of quality class 1.

100 % of the component catalogue meets all the requirements of 10 quality class 1.

50 % or more of the component catalogue meet all the requirements 25 of quality class 2.

100 % of the component catalogue meets all the requirements of 50 quality class 2.

50 % or more of the component catalogue meet all the requirements 60 of quality class 3.

100 % of the component catalogue meets all the requirements of 75 quality class 3.

50 % or more of the component catalogue meet all the requirements 80 of quality class 4.

100 % of the component catalogue meets all the requirements of 100 quality class 4.

Additional checklist points: In order to create an additional market incentive, cooling without halogenated/part halogenated refrigerants is rewarded with additional checklist points in the quality classes 1, 2, and 3. Additional checklist points cannot be awarded where no refrigerants are used.

TABLE 2

REQUIREMENTS CLP

Cooling without halogenated / part halogenated refrigerants in quality 10 classes 1, 2, and 3

Conversion table

TABLE 3

CHECKLIST POINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS

VALUE LIMIT G 10 1

REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5

TARGET VALUE Z 100 10

DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED

A selection of possible/alternative forms of evidence is listed below. The chosen evaluation of individual indicators must be supported by comprehensive and plausible evidence.

(1) Complete declaration and evidence for (relevant) components under consideration according to the requirements listed in APPENDIX 1.

(2) Environmental component catalogue (see APPENDIX 2). There is no obligatory format for an environmental component catalogue, however the following information must be provided for all materials, products, and elements listed in the submission for criterion ENV1.2: – construction product – manufacturer – area information – description of individual layers (see APPENDIX 2: component catalogue)

(3) Component catalogue including auxiliary materials such as adhesives, primers, bonding layers, etc.

Exceptions:

. Quality class 3: Evidence for one of the aspects may be omitted without the maximum point score being affected, provided that the relevant aspect meets the requirements of the next lower quality class. . Quality class 4: Evidence for two of the aspects may be omitted without the maximum point score being affected, provided that the relevant aspect meets the requirements of the next lower quality class. . Cut-off criteria: Evidence for aspects explicitly indicated in column K of APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes” may be omitted for no more than 5% of the gross floor area (GFA) in accordance with DIN 277, regardless of the building area in which the product/material is used (see column K)

Example: – Building with a GFA of 50,000 m² (including areas below the ground floor such as underground car parks) – Result example: 5% GFA = 2,500 m² – Application: Evidence for aspects explicitly indicated in column K of APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes” may be omitted within an area of up to 2,500 m².

It is not relevant where materials/products are fitted (e.g. walls, ceilings, floors).

. Technical and functional exceptions: Exceptions to the requirements may be permitted in cases where one of the product requirements cannot be implemented for technical or functional rea- sons (i.e. in the absence of a functionally equivalent product or a design alternative meeting the requirements), or where the data cannot be made available at a reasonable cost. The deviation from the requirements must be documented and substantiated, indicating the product, the technical application, and the quantity used. Products may not be exempted for purely aesthetic rea- sons. Evidence could include e. g. a recently dated statement from at least two market relevant manufacturers, stating that no suitable product is available for the intended quality class (see appendix 3), or evidence that "force majeure" (weather, natural conditions such as e. g. ground water pressure) renders the use of a suitable product technically impossible. The case for a technical exception can only relate to one individual quality class and does not imply any exemption from the requirements for lower quality classes.

Data basis In principle, the following items can be used as a data base:

. technical information . safety data sheets . type I and III Environmental product declarations and manufacturer declarations on content and formulation components . manufacturer declaration

The most suitable sources for data regarding material properties requested within criterion ENV1.2 normally include:

. VOC content for paints/lacquers: Technical information, safety data sheets, labels (declaration of the VOC content in accordance with directive 2004/42/EC). Indication in g/l . VOC content for other products: Manufacturer declaration . GISCODE/product code: Safety data sheet, technical information, www.wingis-online.de . SVHC substances in preparations: Safety data sheet . SVHC substances in products: Technical information, manufacturer pamphlets (obligation of manufacturer to provide) . Single substances (heavy metals etc.): Manufacturer declaration

(See APPENDIX 1: “Quality classes”, column J)

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

Basis of the available substance lists and material information:

. Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures 1272/2008/EC including alignment regulations * . Ordinance on Hazardous Substances (GefStoffV) and Technical Regulations for Hazardous Sub- stances (TRGS) * . REACH Directive (EC 1907/2006) * . Biocide Directive 98/8/EC * . GESTIS material database (Institute for Safety at Work of the German Legal Accident Insurance (IFA)) . Information on the GISCODE trade associations . Independently verified declarations such as environmental product declarations (EPD) . Sector related sets of regulations such as RAL, VdL Directive (German Paint Industry Association) . Sector certifications . EC (2010): Consolidated list of the agents which may no longer be marketed, published and con- tinuously updated by the European Commission: . UBA (2009): Guideline for application of the GHS Directive - the new classification and marking system for chemicals in accordance with GHS - explained in brief - Federal Environmental Office Dessau 2009 and application guides

*The status at the point in time of the building application is to be referenced for all legal lists and material information. For legal regulations the respective periods of transition for putting into circulation and use apply.

Quality classes

A B C D E F G H J K

RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

Legally valid evidence of equivalence with any of the listed standards, references, or labels will be recognised in relation to the relevant substance (column a) Liquid coating mate- 1 rials are meant: Water soluble Decorative lac- < 300 g/l - Coatings on non-mineral VOC-definition ac- products in ac- TM + SDB + All relevant compo- quers/glazes with category D accord- < 100 g/l backgrounds: Metals, wood, VOC cording to Directive cordance with the RAL-UZ 12a manufacturer declara- nents and building primer coatings. ing to RL or RAL-UZ 12a plastics 2004/42/EC current Decopaint tion/test certificate products Effect coatings (e.g. 2004/42/EC Directive metallic paints) are an exception to this Coatings on primarily mineral 2 backgrounds such as con- Decorative paints, crete, masonry work, mortar decorative fillers, All relevant compo- and putty (including open pore dust-laying coatings, nents and building putty), plasters and wallpa- free of solvents and free of solvents ground coatings (e.g. Water soluble prod- products. pers, tiles, plasterboard etc. VOC-definition ac- plasticisers in ac- and plasticisers in TM + SDB + deep ground) floor ucts in accordance Floor surfaces with special VOC/ SVOC cording to Directive < 30 g/l cordance with VdL- accordance with Manufacturer declara- coatings without with the current No documentation is resistance requirements (such 2004/42/EC RL01 or RAL-UZ VdL-RL01 or RAL- tion/test certificate special resistance Decopaint Directive required for max. 5% as OS systems) and traffic 102 (SVOC) UZ 102 (SVOC) requirements, con- of the GFA according routes such as underground crete protective coat- to DIN 277. car parks, access roads, etc. ings are not taken into consideration.

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RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

THE REQUIREMENT WHERE IS THIS SPECIFICALLY REFERENCE – 50 PARTIAL OBJECTIVE – TARGET VALUE – EVIDENCE REQUIRED PRODUCT TYPE EXPLANATION LIMIT VALUE – 10 CLP APPLIES TO THE FOL- APPLICABLE? CLP 75 CLP 100 CLP FOR EACH ASPECT LOWING ITEMS Coating materials for mineral 3 surfaces in the external area Water soluble prod- Water soluble Water soluble prod- Water soluble such as e.g. concrete, mason- Only decorative VOC-definition ac- ucts in accordance products in ac- ucts in accordance products in ac- TM + SDB + All relevant compo- ry, mineral mortars and put- paints are taken into VOC cording to Directive with the current cordance with the with the current cordance with the Manufacturer declara- nents and building ties, plasters, composite heat consideration at 2004/42/EC Decopaint Directive current Decopaint Decopaint Directive current Decopaint tion/test certificate products insulation systems, wallpapers present. < 40 g/l Directive < 40 g/l < 40 g/l Directive < 40 g/l (façade wallpapers), plaster- boards, etc. TM + SDB + GISBAU- 4 Impregnations in the classification/ interior area which VOC-definition ac- Free of aromatic Free of aromatic Solvent content manufacturer declara- All relevant compo- are not film forming Free of aromatic Natural stone floor coverings VOC cording to Directive compounds compounds < 5 %, does not tion - in special cases nents and building (e.g. natural stone compounds (GH10) 2004/42/EC (GH10) (GH10) require marking (type of natural stone) products impregnations, sand- a technical exception stone hardener) can be established Sealing compounds, 5 sealing substances, Silane modified Skirting boards, door rails, adhesives for dot like polymer adhesives support adhesives (raised or GISCODE PU10 and linear adhesions (SMP) GISCODE TM + SDB + GISBAU- cavity floors); EMICODE All relevant of components in the RS10, EMICODE Classification/ VOC GISCODE (PU, RS) GISCODE PU20 GISCODE PU20 EC1/ EC1PLUS components and interior area. EC1/ EC1PLUS Manufacturer declara- the areas glass construction, or building products PU adhesives and or tion/test certificate façade and fire protection are EC1-R/ EC1PLUS-R silane modified poly- EC1-R/ EC1PLUS-R not considered here mers (SMP) are what is meant here

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RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

THE REQUIREMENT WHERE IS THIS SPECIFICALLY REFERENCE – 50 PARTIAL OBJECTIVE – TARGET VALUE – EVIDENCE REQUIRED PRODUCT TYPE EXPLANATION LIMIT VALUE – 10 CLP APPLIES TO THE FOL- APPLICABLE? CLP 75 CLP 100 CLP FOR EACH ASPECT LOWING ITEMS Sealing compounds, 6 sealing substances, All relevant compo- adhesives for dot like Adhesions of mechanically nents and building and linear adhesions stressed joints over small products in the stand- of components in the No chlorinated areas; TM + SDB + ard applications interior area. Harmful substanc- paraffins as a com- RAL-UZ 123 RAL-UZ 123 Manufacturer declara- sealing joints (tile, Acrylate sealing es and emissions ponent of the formu- the areas glass construction, tion/test certificate natural stone), con- substanc- lation façade and fire protection are nection joints (drywall es/adhesives and not considered here installation, paintwork, silicone sealing sub- doors) stances are what is meant here Primers, pre-coats, putties and 7 EMICODE EC1, EMICODE EC1, EMICODE EC1, adhesives below wall and floor All laying materials GISCODE D1, TM + SDB + GISBAU- GEV-EMICODE, EC1PLUS , EC1PLUS , EC1PLUS , All relevant coverings (e.g. tiles, carpets, and auxiliary materi- RU 0,5, RU 1, Classification/ VOC GISCODE and EC1-R, EC1PLUS-R EC1-R, EC1PLUS-R EC1-R, EC1PLUS-R components and parquet, elastic floor coverings als for laying surfaces RE1 or Manufacturer declara- RAL-UZ or or or building products with the exception of wallpa- (wall & floor) RS10 tion/test certificate RAL UZ 113 RAL UZ 113 RAL-UZ 113 pers) All relevant compo- 8 nents and building GISCODE D1, EMICODE EC1, TM + SDB + GISBAU- products. GISCODE D1, GISCODE D1, Sealing coats, resin screeds, Auxiliary laying mate- GEV-EMICODE, RE0, RE1, RU 0,5, EC1PLUS, Classification/ VOC RE0, RE 1, RE0, RE1, seals under tiles rials GISCODE RU 1 or EC1-R or EC1PLUS- Manufacturer declara- No documentation is RU 0,5 or RU 1 RU 0,5 or RU 1 EMICODE EC1 R tion/test certificate required for max. 5% of the GFA according to DIN 277. Solvent and plasti- 9 Powder products or Powder products Powder products or All relevant ciser free accord- Wall and ceiling coverings Wallpaper adhesives VOC VdL Directive 01 solvent free wet or solvent free wet solvent free wet TM + SDB + components and ing to VdL Di- adhesive mortar adhesive mortar adhesive mortar building products rective 01

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RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

THE REQUIREMENT WHERE IS THIS SPECIFICALLY REFERENCE – 50 PARTIAL OBJECTIVE – TARGET VALUE – EVIDENCE REQUIRED PRODUCT TYPE EXPLANATION LIMIT VALUE – 10 CLP APPLIES TO THE FOL- APPLICABLE? CLP 75 CLP 100 CLP FOR EACH ASPECT LOWING ITEMS Corrosion protection 10 Supporting metal components primers within the Factory priming in Factory priming in (wall thickness > 3mm) with > framework of a build- VOC-definition ac- operation according operation accord- 500 m² of coated surface in Manufacturer declara- Factory and building ing supervision sys- VOC cording to Directive to 31 Federal Im- ing to 31 Federal the building such as e.g. tion site tem approval together 2004/42/EC missions Protection Immissions Pro- atrium construction, bridges with fire protection Ordinance tection Ordinance etc. coatings Supporting metal components Water soluble Water soluble 11 Corrosion protection Water soluble prod- (wall thickness > 3mm) with > product <140 g/l product <100 g/l or coatings for internal VOC-definition ac- uct <140 g/l 500 m² of coated surface in (cat. A/i or A/j use of a C3 coat- Factory and building components (max. VOC cording to Directive < 300 g/l (cat. A/i or A/j ac- the building such as e.g. according to ing system of the Manufacturer declara- site corrosiveness cate- 2004/42/EC cording to Decopaint atrium construction, bridges Decopaint Di- quality class4 (see tion gory C2 high) Directive) etc. rective) next line) Note: 12 Supporting metal components Coating system The requirements in Corrosion protection (wall thickness > 3mm) with > with VOC the area of corrosion coatings for compo- VOC-definition ac- Coating system 500 m² of coated surface in Coating system with Coating system with < 30 g/m² or use protection for support- Factory and building nents (max. corro- VOC cording to Directive with VOC < 90 the building such as e.g. VOC < 120 g/m² VOC < 60 g/m² of a coating sys- ing components are to site siveness category C3 2004/42/EC g/m² atrium construction, bridges tem from C4, be understood to- high) etc. (see next line) gether as a single criterion with refer- Supporting metal components 13 Corrosion protection ence to the exemption (wall thickness > 3mm) with > coatings for compo- VOC-definition ac- Coating system Coating system regulations (of the 500 m² of coated surface in Coating system with Coating system with Factory and building nents (corrosiveness VOC cording to Directive with VOC < 120 with VOC < 60 quality class3 and 4) the building such as e.g. VOC < 150 g/m² VOC < 90 g/m² site category greater than 2004/42/EC g/m² g/m² atrium construction, bridges C3) etc.

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RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

THE REQUIREMENT WHERE IS THIS SPECIFICALLY REFERENCE – 50 PARTIAL OBJECTIVE – TARGET VALUE – EVIDENCE REQUIRED PRODUCT TYPE EXPLANATION LIMIT VALUE – 10 CLP APPLIES TO THE FOL- APPLICABLE? CLP 75 CLP 100 CLP FOR EACH ASPECT LOWING ITEMS Water soluble 14 Water soluble prod- products < 140 g/l ucts < 140 g/l exception: < 300 g/l - Non-supporting metal parts Corrosion coatings < 300 g/l - exception: For metallic effect VOC-definition ac- category A/d such as banisters, metal and effect coatings category A/d ac- For metallic effect lacquers < 300 g/l Factory and building VOC cording to Directive according to TM + SDB + substructures, frames, steel (e.g. metallic effect cording to Directive lacquers < 300 g/l - - site 2004/42/EC Directive doors, façade elements etc. lacquers) 2004/42/EC category A/d accord- category A/d 2004/42/EC ing to Directive according to Di- 2004/42/EC rective 2004/42/EC 15 All relevant compo- Seals, 2K PU paints, nents and building Reactive PU products for TM + SDB + GISBAU- PU floor coatings - GISCODE GISCODE GISCODE GISCODE products. coating of mineral surfaces of Polyurethane Classification/ with the exception of GISCODE PU 10/20 PU 10/20 PU10 PU10 No documentation is floor, ceiling and wall - also in products (PU) Manufacturer declara- OS systems for car (see footnote) (see footnote) (see footnote) (see footnote) required for max. 5% system structure tion/test certificate park etc. of the GFA according to DIN 277.

GISCODE GISCODE TM + SDB + GISBAU- Coatings (on site) for wooden GISCODE GISCODE All relevant Reactive PU products Polyurethane W1/2+/3+/3 or W1/2+/3+/3 or Classification/ surfaces such as e.g. parquet, GISCODE W1/2+ W1/2+ or W1/DD components and for surface coating products (PU) W1/DD, W2/DD+ or W1/DD, W2/DD+ Manufacturer declara- steps and boarding or W1/DD, W2/DD+ or W2/DD+ building products W3/DD or W3/DD tion/test certificate

A B C D E F G H J K

RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

THE REQUIREMENT WHERE IS THIS SPECIFICALLY REFERENCE – 50 PARTIAL OBJECTIVE – TARGET VALUE – EVIDENCE REQUIRED PRODUCT TYPE EXPLANATION LIMIT VALUE – 10 CLP APPLIES TO THE FOL- APPLICABLE? CLP 75 CLP 100 CLP FOR EACH ASPECT LOWING ITEMS GISCODE All relevant 17 RE0 and RE1 + components and Seals, 2K EP paints, TM + SDB + GISBAU- building supervi- building products Epoxy surface coatings of EP floor coatings - GISCODE GISCODE GISCODE sion approval in floor, ceiling and wall - also in with the exception of Epoxy resins GISCODE Classification/ RE0, RE1, RE2 RE0, RE1 RE0, RE1 system No documentation is system structure OS systems for car Manufacturer declara- (AbZ Z 156.605) required for max. 5% park etc. tion/test certificate t or of the GFA according (see footnote) to DIN 277. 18 Industrial floors, parking areas and GIS- TM + SDB + GISBAU- EP/PU coatings for floor (and underground car GISCODE GISCODE GISCODE All relevant Polyurethane and CODEPU10/20/40/6 Classification/ wall surfaces e.g. skirting) with parks (OS 8 and 11) GISCODE PU10/20/40/60 PU10/40/60 PU10/40/60 components and epoxy resins 0 RE0, RE1, Manufacturer declara- special requirements with the exception of RE0, RE1, RE2 RE0, RE1 RE0, RE1 building products RE2 tion/test certificate markings (not regu- lated) Products which can 19 Roof insulation, masonry be processed cold for TM + SDB + GISBAU- sealing against coating (e.g. pre- Solvents: Boiling Solvents < 25 % Solvents < 25 % All relevant Classification/ soil/water/damp, thick bitumen coats) and auxiliary Bitumen point 135-250 °C GIS-Code BBP GIS-Code BBP GISCODE BBP10 GISCODE BBP10 components and Manufacturer declara- coating and fitting insulating materials for alloca- GISCODE 10/20 10/20 building products tion/test certificate material tion (e.g. adhesives, seals) 20 TM + SDB + GISBAU- All relevant Bitumen composite sealing for GISCODE BBP GISCODE BBP GISCODE BBP GISCODE BBP Classification/ Bitumen pre-coat Bitumen GISCODE components and inverted roof 10/20/30 10/20/30 10/20/30 10/20/30 Manufacturer declara- building products tion/test certificate

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RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

THE REQUIREMENT WHERE IS THIS SPECIFICALLY REFERENCE – 50 PARTIAL OBJECTIVE – TARGET VALUE – EVIDENCE REQUIRED PRODUCT TYPE EXPLANATION LIMIT VALUE – 10 CLP APPLIES TO THE FOL- APPLICABLE? CLP 75 CLP 100 CLP FOR EACH ASPECT LOWING ITEMS 21 TM + SDB + GISBAU- Coatings (on site) for wooden All relevant Products for coating GISCODE GISCODE GISCODE GISCODE Classification/ surfaces such as e.g. parquet, Oils and waxes GISCODE components and of wood Ö 10/ -20/ -40 Ö 10/ -20 Ö10 Ö10 Manufacturer declara- steps and boarding building products tion/test certificate GK 0 and 1: Tim- 22 Chemical timber GK 0: Timber Timber preserva- ber preservation Timber preservation preservative accord- preservation only tion only structural Planning, TM + SDB Supporting interior wood only structural only structural ac- ing to structural according according to + GISBAU classifica- components together with Timber preserva- according to cording to 68800-2 All relevant DIN 68800-3 - GK = Directive 98/8/EC to 68800-2 GK 1-3: 68800-2 or natural tion/ externally facing cantilever tive agents 68800-2 GK 2-3: or natural durability components Category of use Permitted agent durability accord- manufacturer declara- arms Permitted agent according to DIN EN (previously hazard according to ing to DIN EN 350- tion/test certificate according to 350-2* class) 98/8/EC 2* 98/8/EC Chemical timber GK 2: Timber GK 2: Timber Timber preserva- 23 preservative accord- preservation only preservation only tion only structural Planning, TM + SDB GK 2-4: ing to structural accord- structural according according to + GISBAU classifica- External supporting wooden Timber preserva- Permitted agent All relevant DIN 68800-3 - GK = Directive 98/8/EC ing to 68800-2 GK to 68800-2 GK 3 and 68800-2 or natural tion/ components tive agents according to components Category of use 3 and 4: permitted 4: permitted agent durability accord- manufacturer declara- 98/8/EC (previously hazard agent according to according to ing to DIN EN 350- tion/test certificate class) 98/8/EC 98/8/EC 2* Interior: No chemi- Interior: No chem- No chemical wood No chemical wood Interior: All relevant 24 cal wood preserva- ical wood preser- preservation in the preservation in the components tion exception: vation interior and exterior interior and exteri- Wooden windows and non- Windows only with exception: exception: or Exterior: all relevant Chemical impregna- supporting wooden parts Timber preserva- products with BAuA Windows only with Windows only with exception: Manufacturer declara- components and tion of non-supporting Directive 98/8/EC inside and outside (e.g. façade tive agents (Federal Institute for products with products with BAuA Windows only with tion building products. No components and terrace) Occupational Safety BAuA (Federal (Federal Institute for products with documentation is and Health) regis- Institute for Occu- Occupational Safety BAuA (Federal required for max. 5% tration or RAL-GZ pational Safety and Health) registra- Institute for Occu- of the GFA according 830 and Health) regis- tion pational Safety to DIN 277.

A B C D E F G H J K

RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

THE REQUIREMENT WHERE IS THIS SPECIFICALLY REFERENCE – 50 PARTIAL OBJECTIVE – TARGET VALUE – EVIDENCE REQUIRED PRODUCT TYPE EXPLANATION LIMIT VALUE – 10 CLP APPLIES TO THE FOL- APPLICABLE? CLP 75 CLP 100 CLP FOR EACH ASPECT LOWING ITEMS Exterior: Permitted tration or RAL-GZ and Health) regis- agent according to 830 tration 98/8/EC Exterior: Permit- ted agent according to 98/8/EC Permitted 25 agent according to 98/8/EC

The following External plasters, Permitted Permitted Permitted applies for Film preserved products and façade coatings, floor Manufacturer declara- All relevant Biocides Directive 98/8/EC agent according to agent according to agent according to NWO12 upgrade: goods treated with biocides coverings, film pro- tion components 98/8/EC 98/8/EC 98/8/EC No tected wooden glazes use of biocidal agents in the interior with the exception of in-can preservation 26 Coverings made of aluminium and stainless steel on Products for pas- the façade and on the roof Chrome-VI-free Chrome-VI-free Manufacturer declara- > 50 % of the envel- sivation of aluminium Chrome-VI (sun protection systems passivation agent passivation agent tion oping surface. and stainless steel are not taken into consideration at present) Factory coated metal compo- Factory coated com- 27 Priming and final No use of lead, No use of lead, No use of lead, nents: Façade elements, No use of lead, SDB, ponents with a coated coating (e.g. paints, Lead, cadmium, cadmium and chro- cadmium and cadmium and doors, radiators, heat- cadmium and chro- Manufacturer declara- surface > 100 m² for lacquers, powder chromium-VI mium-VI- chromium-VI- chromium-VI- ing/cooling ceilings. mium-VI-compounds tion each component type coatings) compounds compounds compounds Hot dip galvanised materials (e.g. steel door) in the

A B C D E F G H J K

RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

Elastic floor coverings 28 are taken into con- Plastics for covering surfaces sideration (PVC, Lead and tin or- Lead and tin content Lead and tin Lead and tin content Lead and tin Manufacturer declara- All relevant (floor and wall) and compo- rubber etc.), wall ganic compounds < 0.1% content < 0.1% < 0.1% content < 0.1% tion components nents on the façade coverings and plastic windows All components and 29 PS/XPS/PUR- building products insulating products, relevant for the EnEV Plastic foam insulating materi- Free of Free of Free of Free of TM + flexible technical Halocarbon pro- (Energy Saving Ordi- als for buildings and building halocarbon propel- halocarbon pro- halocarbon propel- halocarbon propel- manufacturer declara- building equipment pellants nance) and the main services lants pellants lants lants tion insulation strands of the tech- (rubber and PE) nical building equipment Expanding foams e.g. 30 for the fitting of doors and windows and for Halocarbon Free of Free of No Technical All relevant compo- the adhesion of com- Free of Expanding foams and other halocarbon propel- halocarbon pro- use of expanding data sheet, nents and building posite heat insulation propellants propellants lants pellants foams safety data sheet products systems, perimeter insulation, cellar ceiling insulation

A B C D E F G H J K

RELEVANT COMPONENT / AREA MATERIALS CON- RELEVANT STANDARD QUALITY CLASS 1 QUALITY CLASS 2 QUALITY CLASS 3 QUALITY CLASS 4 DOCUMENTATION TYPE SCOPE

BUILDING MATERIAL / SIDERED/ (SEE FOOTNOTE)

SURFACE ASPECTS

THE REQUIREMENT WHERE IS THIS SPECIFICALLY REFERENCE – 50 PARTIAL OBJECTIVE – TARGET VALUE – EVIDENCE REQUIRED PRODUCT TYPE EXPLANATION LIMIT VALUE – 10 CLP APPLIES TO THE FOL- APPLICABLE? CLP 75 CLP 100 CLP FOR EACH ASPECT LOWING ITEMS 31 Additional Additional as- Additional assess- assessment point: sessment point: ment point: Free of Technical building All relevant Refrigeration plants/technical Halocarbon refrig- Free of Free of Free of halocarbon/partial equipment planning + Refrigerants components and building equipment erants halocarbon/partial halocarbon/partial halocarbon/partial halocarbon refrig- manufacturer declara- building products halocarbon refriger- halocarbon refrig- halocarbon refriger- erants tion ants erants ants

32 Heavy metal filter, Planning + Water conducting Heavy metal filter, if if the surface is > manufacturer declara- All relevant Roof cladding, gutters, down- components on the Lead, copper and the surface is > 10% 10% of the pro- tion, or verification components and pipes roof and rainwater zinc of the projected plan jected plan view of according to UBA building products outlets view of the roof the roof guideline 17/05

Footnote to relevant standard (column D): *Subject to DGNB approval, quality class 1 can be adapted to local requirements and locally available classification systems for international use. Approval will require a full description of the relevant local requirements and a demonstration of equivalence with the German requirements for quality class 1. Locally available products can be allocated to one of the four quality classes if it can be demonstrated that these are identical to German or European products in terms of quality and composition corresponding to the relevant quality class.

Footnote to line 15: * Due to intensified marking of all isocyanates as sensitising substances, products which were up to now classified in the GISCODES PU 10 or PU 20 must be newly classified in the GISCODES PU40 and PU50. Substances with GISCODES PU 40 (instead of PU 10) and PU50 (instead of PU20) are accepted until a modification of the GISCODES.

Footnote to line 17: * or: a certificate of compliance to DIN V 18026 : 2006-6 together with a verification of meeting the emission requirements according to AgBB (Committee for health related evaluation of building products) by a testing body approved by the DIBt (Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik)

Footnote to line 22 and 23: * Previously the classification occurred according to DIN 68364 (11-1979). The new DIN 68800 of 2011 no longer speaks of type typical resistance and instead refers to the natural durability in the sense of DIN EN 350-2 in its versions.

Example documentation

Building component: ground floor slab Please note:

All layers must be documented per building component. Building materials which are not relevant for the evaluation must be identified as “not relevant”.

TOTAL SURFACE OF SURFACE OF SHARE OF RELEVANT QUALITY THE BUILDING THE LAYER TOTAL CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT DE- ASPECTS CLASS REFERENCE TO NO. DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER BRIEF EXPLANATION COMPONENT ACC. SURFACE MATERIAL SCRIPTION ACC. TO ACC. TO DOCUMENTATION TO ENV 1.1 APP.1 APP. 1 [M²] [M²] [%]

INSIDE 1 Linoleum 2 Adhesive 3 Primer 4 Screed 5 Insulation 6 Concrete slab 7 Undercoat 8 Top coat Indoor paint XY Company Sylitol bio VOC No. 2 4 Solvent-free, Ann. 1.1: on silicate indoor paint unplasticized, Safety data sheet

base free of fogging- p.14 active substances OUTSIDE Row 8: example for documentation

Example cover letter "Confirmation manufacturing companies"

Dear Sir or Madam,

Re: Project

The following products manufactured by your company are under consideration for specification in the above mentioned project.

Please indicate the voluble organic compound (VOC) content in grams/litre, mass in per cent, and grams/m² of coated surface for the specified dry film thickness (DFT) for the standard yield.

NUMBER PRODUCT DFT VOC VOC VOC µM G/L MASS-% G/M²

Total

Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you have any further queries. Many thanks.

Yours faithfully

DGNB CRITERION ENV1.3 RESPONSIBLE PROCUREMENT

CORE AND SCHEME SHEET Offices Version 2014

TOPIC Environmental Quality

CRITERIA GROUP Effects on the Global and Local Environment

RELEVANCE FACTOR 1 SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE 1.1%

OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE

This criterion supports the use of materials sourced and finished in accordance with recognised social and environmental standards.

Its objective is to protect forests, exclude child labour, and maintain social and environmental standards in quarrying natural stone. The use of certified timber and timber based materials supports sustainable forestry and the preservation of existing forests. Compliance with recognised standards in natural stone treatment improves working conditions in quarries and in finishing in developing and emerging economies.

METHOD

1. Procurement of timber and timber-based materials 1.1 The procurement of timber and timber-based materials is evaluated by reference to the following quality levels:

Quality level 1 This level is achieved if it can be verified that documents from the design stage and the call for tenders include clauses which specifically prohibit the use of tropical, subtropical, and boreal timber unless FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certification and a corresponding CoC (Chain of Custody) certificate can be provided. There are no restrictions on using timber from central Europe. In this case, FSC and PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) certificates are not relevant.

Quality level 2 At least 50 % of all timber, timber products, and/or timber materials are produced by sustainable forestry. This must be verified by an FSC or PEFC certificate and a corresponding CoC certificate. The proportion of timber with appropriate certification must be calculated using the same quantities used for the assessment of other criteria such as the life cycle costing (LCC) or life cycle analysis assessments (LCA).

Quality level 3 At least 80 % of all timber, timber products, and/or timber materials are produced by sustainable forestry. This must be verified by an FSC or PEFC certificate and a corresponding CoC certificate. The proportion of timber with appropriate certification must be calculated using the same quantities used for the assessment of other criteria such as the LCC or LCA.

1.2 Additional checklist points are allocated if it can be demonstrated that timber and timber-based materials used for formwork and shuttering are sourced from FSC or PEFC certified sources.

2. Procurement of natural stone There is currently only one quality level for the evaluation of this indicator.

Quality level 1 This level is achieved if it can be verified that natural stone is procured from sources which are free from

child labour and forced labour. There are no restrictions on using natural stone from countries within the European Union, because the minimum requirements for this indicator are covered by European legislation. For natural stone from countries outside the European Union, it must be demonstrated that the requirements of ILO convention 182 are met and that quarries are subject to independent and unannounced inspections.

Products with the Xertifix and Fair Stone label meet the specified requirements. The conformity of other labels is assessed on a case-by-case basis.

In the rare event that no natural stone is used in the building or on the site, this is deemed to be equivalent to Quality level 1.

Natural stone from countries within the European Union is not subject to any restrictions. Natural Stone from uncertified sources outside the European Union may not be used. Adequate proof is required for natural Stone from Countries outside the European Union, an adequate proof is required.

EVALUATION

1. Procurement of timber and timber-based materials 1.1 Use of timber and timber-based materials

TABLE 1

DESCRIPTION CLP

Verification of quality level 1 10

Verification of quality level 2 25

Verification of quality level 3 45

1.2 Use of timber and timber-based formwork

TABLE 2

DESCRIPTION CLP

Proof that all timber for formwork is procured from FSC or PEFC 5 certified sources, depending on origin.

2. Procurement of natural stone

TABLE 3

DESCRIPTION CLP

Verification of quality level 1 50

Conversion table

TABLE 4

CHECKLIST POINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS

LIMIT VALUE L 10 1

REFERENCE VALUE R 75 5

TARGET VALUE T 100 10

DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED

Examples of possible evidence include the following items. The allocation of points for individual indicators must be backed up by comprehensive and plausible evidence.

1. Procurement of timber and timber-based materials 1.1 Use of timber and timber-based materials

General documentation

. Quantitative listing of timber and timber products used, by volume (by reference to the mass balance used in the LCA or by reference to the quantity survey or tender packages) . Listing of timber and timber products used.

Tropical, subtropical and boreal timber

. Supplier’s trading certificate (CoC) . Invoice and delivery note of supplier (Confirmation of timber source, timber certificate, and name of project to be certified) . Confirmation that tropical, subtropical and boreal timber from, non-certified sources has not been used in the project

Central European timber

. Supplier’s CoC trading certificate . Invoice and delivery note of supplier (Confirmation of timber source, timber certificate, and name of project to be certified) . Proof of PEFC registration number in delivery documents

Product labels

. For products with FSC or PEFC labels also require the producer or trader’s COC trading certificate. Product labels can also be evidenced by means of a technical data sheet. . Invoice and delivery note of supplier (Confirmation of timber source, timber certificate, and name of project to be certified)

1.2 Use of timber and timber-based formwork

Shuttering and formwork

. Declaration that all timber used shuttering or formwork is procured from FSC or PEFC certified sources and that a trading certificate is available. This can also be evidenced by means of a technical data sheet. . Invoice and delivery note of supplier (Confirmation of timber source, timber certificate, and name of project to be certified)

2. Procurement of natural stone Natural stone

. CE-identification of products used (CE-Logo in combination with 4-digit identification number) . Xertifix, Fair Stone certificates . Other labels or certificates (Product label, Issuing agency, date of issue and signature, Compliance with ILO convention 182) . Quantitative listing of natural stone products used, by volume (by reference to the mass balance used in the LCA or by reference to the quantity survey or tender packages)

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

. Forest Stewardship Council. www.fsc.org . Chain of Custody Program. https://ic.fsc.org/chain-of-custody.80.htm . Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes. www.pefc.org . WIN=WIN. Fair Stone Standard. http://fairstone.win--win.com/standard.htm . XertifiX . International Labour Organisation. www.ilo.org

DGNB CRITERION ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

CORE AND SCHEME SHEET Offices Version 2014

TOPIC Environmental Quality

CRITERIA GROUP Resource Consumption and Waste Generation

RELEVANCE FACTOR 5 SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE 5.6%

Environmental Quality Page 2 of 69 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE

The criterion evaluates the complete primary energy requirement of a building. Here particular value is placed on the reduction of the overall consumption of primary energy and the maximisation of the use of renewable energies. Here the objective is over fulfilment of the legal regulations to the benefit of global protection of the climate and resources.

Additional Explanation

Results must be established for the following indicators and incorporated into the evaluation:

1. Non-renewable primary energy demand (PEnren),

2. Total primary energy demand (PEtot), 3. Proportion of renewable primary energy

1. Non-renewable primary energy demand (PEnren) The requirement for non-renewable primary energy is established over the life cycle for manufacture, repair, operation and removal/disposal of the building.

2 The requirement for non-renewable energy refers to area and year and it is indicated in [kWh / m NGFa*a]. The values necessary for the calculation (as in the criterion ENV1.1 "Life Cycle Impact Assessment") can be established from the energy verification according to the national Energy Saving Ordinance (e.g. the EnEV in Germany) or from the Life Cycle Energy Modelling (LCEM). The environmental effect of the construction and the technical systems can be derived from the LCA of the materials used.

2. Total primary energy demand (PEtot) The necessary calculation values are gained from the energy verification according to the national Energy Saving Ordinance (e.g. the EnEV in Germany) for the use phase or from the LCEM. The LCA of the materials and components used is applied in order to determine the ecological effects of construction and technical systems. Reference values of an average building help in the assessment of the construction and technical systems.

3. Proportion of renewable primary energy The proportion of renewable primary energies in the total primary energy requirement is evaluated in this indicator. For this purpose, the average proportion of renewable primary energy in the total primary energy requirement of the building in question is compared with values of a reference building. If the reference value is gone below by more than 30 %, the requirement for the share of renewable primary energy can be reduced proportionately. This makes it possible for planners to attain the overriding objective - namely an overall reduction in the primary energy requirement.

METHOD

The criterion ENV2.1 "Life Cycle Assessment – Primary Energy" is assessed in line with the results of a building LCA. The results of this LCA are designated as "environmental profile" or "environmentally related quality" of a building. A building LCA establishes and evaluates the environmentally related quality of a building while taking into consideration its use profile (office building, commercial building, school, etc.) and compares the results with reference values of other buildings.

The basis for the establishment of data must be recorded and presented for an unequivocal checking of the results. The comparative evaluation forms the basis for a certification of the ecological quality of the building. The building LCA should be used as early as the planning phase if possible. It can also serve as an important instrument for optimisation of the ecological quality of the building.

In future, indicators such as abiotic consumption of resources, consumption of water and land will also be established in criterion ENV 1.1. However the corresponding data or evaluation base is yet to be developed. The calculation of the building LCA is based on the LCEM. The method is described below:

. Methodological basis of the building LCA • Objective and scope • Describing the building (Functional equivalent) • Reference period • System boundaries • Calculating the building model • Data requirements • Reporting and documenting results

. General description of the method • Actual building • Reference building

. Use-specific description of the method • Actual building • Reference building • Limit value and target value calculation

Methodological basis of the building life cycle assessment

Objective and scope The objective of the assessment is to quantify and document the environmental performance of the building and to compare the results against a defined benchmark.

Environmental Quality Page 4 of 69 ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

Describing the building (Functional equivalent) The scope of the assessment comprises the entire building excluding external works. For assessments which only consider parts of a building complex, the system boundaries must be clearly defined. The system boundaries for such partial assessments have to be consistent with those applied to other criteria (e.g. ENV2.2, ECO1.1, TEC1.7, etc.). Clearly defined system boundaries are especially relevant in buildings with facilities shared with other buildings, e.g. underground car parks.

System boundaries The building is considered without external works. The system boundaries include (see also the following table and APPENDIX 6):

. production: manufacture of components used in the building, including supply and transport of raw materials to product manufacturer (Modules A1 – A3) . use: maintenance and scheduled replacement of components including their production and end- of-life. Operational energy-use scenario. (Modules B1 – B4 and Module B6) . building energy demand throughout the reference period . end-of-life scenario: processing and disposing of waste (Modules C3 and C4) . potential benefits and detriments beyond the system boundaries including opportunities for reuse/recycling and energy recovery (Module D)

This corresponds to modules A1 to A3, modules B1 and B4, modules C3 and C4 and module D according to CEN/TC 350/WG1 N410/prEN 15804. For more details see also APPENDIX 6.

Additional general rules:

. the use and end-of-life phases must be defined . potential benefits and detriments beyond the system boundaries must be defined . external works are not included in the assessment (e.g. fencing and gates, drains, paving, land- scaping) . if the share of underground car parks (usable area plus traffic area) account for more than 25% of the total net floor areas (NFA) (according to the CORE14 Floor Area Summary sheet), the traffic area of the underground parking must be subtracted from the NFA

Environmental Quality Page 5 of 69 ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

TABLE 1

LIFE PHASES A 1-3 A 4-5 B 1-7 C 1-4 D

BENEFITS AND MANUFACTURING CONSTRUC- STRESSES OUT- USE PHASE END OF THE LIFE CYCLE PHASE TION PHASE SIDE THE SYS-

TEM LIMIT

demolition

Procurement of raw materials raw of Procurement Transport Production Transport Construction/installation Use Maintenance Repair Exchange Modernisation during consumption Energy operation during consumption Water operation / Removal Transport processing Waste Disposal reclamation reuse, for Potential recycling and

MODULES IN ACCORD-

ANCE WITH A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D CEN/TC350/WG1

N410/PREN 15804

2 1 3 DECLARED MODULES x x x (x) (x) x (x) x x x

The following aspects are not included in the system boundaries or in the evaluation:

Calculating the building model The building model enables mass and energy flows to be quantified. These quantitative flows are linked with corresponding life cycle data in order to arrive at a value for each indicator included in criteria ENV1.1 "Life Cycle Impact Assessment" and ENV2.1 "Life Cycle Assessment – Primary Energy". Results must be sys- tematised and recorded in a structured way in order to demonstrate the calculation of mass and energy flows and the resultant values for each indicator. The building must be documented as follows:

. building components (all building elements, structural parts, building products, building materials) . associated processes such as maintenance, exchange and end of life processes, and re-use, recycling and energy retrieval . energy use in operation

Environmental Quality Page 6 of 69 ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

Two principal methods are applied to conduct the assessment:

. LCA of building components (manufacturing and construction phase). Methodological rules and data requirements are described in APPENDIX 6. . LCEM of building’s energy demand in use (use phase).

A whole building analysis is conducted using local climate data. A reference building method is used to evaluate the building’s environmental performance.

Requirements and details for LCA and energy modelling are listed in APPENDICES 1 and 5.

Data requirements Data for the building LCA In general, specific and verified LCA data (i.e. Environmental Product Declaration, EPD) is more precise than generic LCA data. The DGNB provides DGNB Auditors and Consultants with access to the following LCA databases which include both generic and specific data:

These databases are suited to the scope and purpose of the LCA calculations. They are consistent in their methodology and provide the required results for each indicator. The methodological consistency, conformity and completeness of specific data from other sources must be verified by independent external experts. These requirements are fulfilled by EPD type III declarations according to ISO 14025 and prEN 15804. Generic, data which is has not been independently verified must be factored in with an additional 10 % supplement in order to take account of possible deviations.

Environmental Quality Page 7 of 69 ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

data other than that provided in ESUCO database must match the methodological standards, quality and completeness set by ESUCO database and this must be documented comprehensively for verification.

Where EPDs are used, the LCA data must fulfil the prEN15804requirements.

The cut-off rules for LCA datasets must comply with prEN15804 and/or with the methodological standards set by ESUCO database.

Note: DGNB Auditors and Consultants should consult with DGNB if no adequate LCA data sets are available.

Reporting and documenting results A brief project report must be created (see "DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED") providing information on the creation of the building model. The LCA results must be presented in accordance with the documentation specifications. The indicators and parameters listed in the criteria descriptions must be evaluated.

The LCA results must be presented with reference to one year and one m² NFAa, i.e. excluding circulation space in underground car parks (reference size). This is to be carried out uniformly for the entire life cycle assessment. The NFAa must be individually documented for each floor, itemising usable floor area (UA), circulation space and technical plant area (TA). All area calculations must be carried out in the DGNB CORE14 Floor Area Summary Sheet.

The following rule applies to industrial buildings: The assessment of industrial buildings with clear room heights up to and including ≤ 12 metres is based on their NFAa in square meters (m²). However, the assessment of industrial buildings with clear room heights exceeding > 12 metres is based on their gross volume in cubic metres (m³). The gross volume must be calculated according to EN ISO 9836:2011.

General description of the method

1. Non-renewable primary energy demand PEnren

Actual building The actual building’s environmental impacts are expressed as a common parameter for the assessment of the non-renewable primary energy (PEnren) requirements of the building as an annual average over the reference period applied:

PEnren = PEnren,C + PEnren,O (1) whereby

2 PEnren non-renewable energy demand for the designed building in [kWh/(m NFA)]

PEnren,C annual average PEnren demand of the construction, replacement of components, dismantling, and

disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td in [kWh /(m2NFA)]

Environmental Quality Page 8 of 69 ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

PEnren,O predicted annual PEnren demand of the building in use as built, based on the final energy demand of the building and building services according to the LCEM and the corresponding primary 2 energy conversion factor from the relevant database in [kWh /(m NGFa)]

The annual average value of the construction phase PEnren,C is calculated as follows:

PEnren,C = (P + E) / td + R (2) whereby

P predicted value of the PEnren demand of the building’s construction (structure and building systems) in [kWh /(m2NFA)]

E predicted value of the PEnren demand of the building’s end-of-life (structure and building systems) 2 in [kWh /(m NFA)]

R predicted value of the PEnren demand of scheduled like-for-like replacement of building components (structure and building systems) at the end of their respective service lives during the refer- 2 ence period in [kWh /(m NFA)]

td the reference period for the building in years [a].

The annual average value for PEnren demand in use PEnren,O is calculated as follows:

PEnren,O = PEnren,OEl + PEnren,OH (3) whereby

PEnren,OEl the PEnren demand of electricity demand in use, according to the LCEM and multiplied by the 2 conversion factor from ESUCO or other LCA data source (see Table 1) in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

PEnren,OH the PEnren demand of heating demand in use, according to the LCEM and multiplied by the conversion factor from ESUCO or other LCA data source, if available (see “Reference building” 2 below) in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

Reference building

The reference value (50 sub-points) for the primary energy requirement of non-renewable (PEnren,ref) is generally derived from:

. a fixed proportion for the construction related value of the emission related environmental impacts for manufacture, maintenance and removal/disposal and

. a variable proportion for the use related value of the emission related environmental impacts to the amount of the reference building used as a basis in LCEM. The variable proportion is calculated from the electricity and heat requirement established according to LCEM (end energy), multiplied by defined factors:

– The environmental impact factors for the reference building’s electricity demand Elref are

Environmental Quality Page 9 of 69 ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

derived from ESUCO or other LCA databases for the relevant countries (e.g. Chinese factors from CHISUCO, Spanish factors from ESUCO, etc.). – The environmental impact factors of fuel used to meet the reference building’s annual heat-

RPEnren = PEnren,ref = PEnren,Cref + PEnren,Oref (4) whereby

PEnren,Cref Annual average non-renewable energy demand of the construction, maintenance, disassembly,

and disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]

PEnren,Oref Annual non-renewable energy demand of the reference building in use, based on the final energy demand of the building and building services according to the LCEM

The reference value for construction PEnren,Cref is calculated as follows:

PEnren,Cref = (Pref + Eref ) / td + Rref (5) whereby

Pref reference value for the PEnren demand created during construction (structure and building sys- 2 tems technology) of an average building in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

Eref reference value for the PEnren demand created during dismantling and disposal (structure and 2 building systems technology) of an average building in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

Rref predicted PEnren demand of the scheduled like-for-like replacement of individual building components and building services at the end of their respective service live during a 50 year life cycle of 2 the reference building in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

td the reference study period for the building in years [a].

The value PEnren,Cref emerges with the assistance of parameters Pref, Eref and Rref gained from statistical enquiries. The parameter value for PEnren,Cref for the calculation according to ESUCO (or other LCA database) is located under "scheme-specific description ".

The reference value for use PEnren,Oref is calculated as follows:

PEnren,Oref = (PEnren,OElref + PEnren,OHref) (6) whereby

Environmental Quality Page 10 of 69 ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

PEnren, OElref PEnren demand associated with the reference building´s electricity demand (end energy) based on the LCEM and the conversion factor from the relevant database in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]

PEnren, OHref PEnren demand associated with the reference building´s heating demand (end energy) based on the LCEM and the conversion factor from the relevant database in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]

The parameter values for PEnren, OElref and PEnren, OHref for the calculation according to BRAZUCO, CHISUCO, ESUCO, UKRASUCO etc. are located under “scheme-specific description".

2. Total primary energy demand PEtot

Actual building

The following calculation rules apply for the calculation of the total primary energy requirements (PEtot) of the building, which is made up of a non-renewable and a renewable proportion, and the reference value (reference building according to LCEM):

Generally:

. the value for the PEnren demand is to be taken from indicator 1. . for the renewable primary energy the followings are considered: biomass (lower heating value of the dry mass), insolation (photovoltaics and thermal solar: amount of energy produced), geothermal/ambient heat (amount of energy produced), hydropower and wind power (data sets in the relevant database). . for the secondary fuels the followings are considered: heating value of the renewable and non- renewable secondary fuels used (for example used tyres, used wood, plastic waste); in the case of district heating using waste as a fuel, the amount of conserved energy is used.

. the reference value is generally the lower heating value Hu.

The ecological impacts of the actual building are combined into a common parameter for the assessment of the total primary energy requirement of the building as an annual average value over the reference period applied for the certification:

PEtot = PEnren + PEren + Sec (7) whereby

PEnren annual average non-renewable primary energy demand of the building throughout the refer- 2 ence period td in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

PEren annual average renewable primary energy demand of the building throughout the reference 2 period td in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

Sec average annual energy demand from secondary fuels of the building throughout the reference 2 period td in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

The value for the PEnren of the building is to be taken from the calculations of indicator 1.

Environmental Quality Page 11 of 69 ENV2.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY

The value for PEren is calculated in compliance with the calculation rules for non-renewable primary energy

PEnren (equations (2) and (3)), with the exception that the PEren values in LCA database (ESUCO or CHISUCO, etc.) are used.

The value for Sec is calculated in compliance with the calculation rules for PEnren (equations (2) and (3)), with the exception that the secondary fuel values in the relevant database are used.

Reference building

The reference value (50 sub-points) for the primary energy requirement of non-renewable (PEtot,ref) is generally derived from

. a fixed proportion for the construction related value of the emission related environmental impacts for manufacture, maintenance, and removal / disposal and

. a variable proportion for the use related value of the emission related environmental impacts to the amount of the reference building used as a basis in the LCEM. The variable proportion is calculated from the electricity and heat requirement established according to the LCEM (end energy) multiplied by defined factors:

RPEtot = PEtot,ref = PEtot,Cref + PEtot,Oref (8) whereby

PEtot,Cref Annual average primary energy demand of the construction, maintenance, disassembly and

disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]

PEtot,Oref Annual primary energy demand of the reference building in use, based on the final energy demand of the building and building services based on the LCEM and the relevant database in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]

The reference value for construction PEtot,Cref is calculated as follows:

PEtot,Cref = (Pref + Eref ) / tD + Rref (9) where

Pref Reference value for the total energy/primary energy used for construction (structure and building

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2 systems technology) of an average building in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

Eref Reference value for the total energy/primary energy used for dismantling and disposal (struc- 2 ture and building systems technology) of an average building in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

Rref Reference value for the total energy / primary energy as a result of like for like replacement of building components (structure and building systems technology) at the end of their respective 2 service lives, during the reference study period tD of the reference building in [kWh /(m NFA*a)]

tD the reference study period for the building in [a].

The value PEtot,Cref emerges with the assistance of parameters Pref, Eref and Rref gained from statistical enquiries. The parameter value for PEnren,Cref for the calculation according to ESUCO (or other LCA database) is located under "scheme-specific description ".

The reference value for use PEtot,Oref is calculated as follows:

PEtot,Oref = (PEtot,OElref + PEtot,OHref) (10) where

PEtot,OElref Total energy / primary energy demand for the reference building’s electricity demand (end energy) based on the LCEM and the corresponding primary energy conversion factor from the relevant database (see Table 1) in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]

PEtot,OHref Total energy / primary energy for the fuel used by the reference building to meet the heating demand (end energy) based on the LCEM and the corresponding primary energy factor from the relevant database, if available (see “Reference building” above) in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]

The parameter values for PEtot, OElref and PEtot, OHref for the calculation according to ESUCO (or other LCA database) are located under "scheme-specific description".

3. Proportion of renewable primary energy For the assessment of the proportion of renewable primary energy it is necessary to establish the ratio of the PEren requirement to the PEtot requirement as a proportional percentage.

Scheme specific description

The calculation is based on the LCEM. The reference period is 50 years. The following parameters are taken into account in the evaluation benchmark.

Values for environmental impacts arising from construction related emissions are drawn from:

. relevant statistical research for manufacture, maintenance, and end-of-life phases . results of DGNB certifications to date

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. the environmental impact of electricity generation according to ESUCO or other LCA databases . the environmental impact of thermal energy according to research on typical heat generation in the country.

Any research and selection of data included in the evaluation conducted in close liaison with DGNB.

Actual building The actual values are established in accordance with the "general description of the method". The energy requirements of user equipment are not taken into account.

Reference building The actual values are established in accordance with the "general description of the method". The energy requirements of user equipment are not taken into account.

TABLE 2 Reference values for manufacture, maintenance, removal/disposal and use of the reference building

PENREN PETOT PEREN/PETOT

[MJ/m2NFA*a)] * [MJ/m2NFA*a)] * % UNIT

PEnren,Cref = 123 PEtot,Cref = 151 - CONSTRUCTION

PEnren,Oref = (PEnren,OElref + PEges,Nref =(PEges,NSref + PEges,NWref -

PEnren,OHref) +

PEges,NAref) where

where

* PEnren,OElref = 8.78 ** Elref

PEnren,OHref = 4.36 * Href PEtot,OElref = 10.26 ** Olref

PEtot,OHref = 4.39 * Href

OPERATION

*NOTE: Conversion factor 1kWh = 3.6 MJ

**NOTE: The environmental impact factors relate to the German reference building’s Elref and Href.

Calculation of the limit and target values Limit value L and target value T needed to supplement the criterion´s evaluation are determined as follows:

L = X * R T = Y * R

NOTE: for the indicator PEren/PEtot R = 1 is to be applied.

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The associated sizes X and Y are to be applied as follows:

TABLE 3 Limit and target value

LIMIT AND TARGET VALUES PENREN PETOT PEREN/PETOT

X 1.4 1.4 0%

Y 0.7 0.4 20%

Weighting key of the indicators (G) within the criterion:

TABLE 4 Weighting key of the indicators

GPENREN GPETOT GPEREN/PETOT

60% 40% 20%

EVALUATION

At the indicator level, sub-points (SP) on a scale from 0 to 100 are allocated. These are then converted into checklist points (CLP) on a scale from 0 to 100 by means of the weighting key (GPENREN, etc.) listed in table 3. The maximum achievable number of checklist points is 100.

1. Non-renewable primary energy demand PEnren

TABLE 5 Point allocation for the indicator non-renewable primary energy requirement PEnren

SUB-POINTS (SP) DESCRIPTION

10 PEnren = 1.4 * PEnren,ref

20 PEnren = 1.3 * PEnren,ref

30 PEnren = 1.2 * PEnren,ref

40 PEnren = 1.1 * PEnren,ref

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SUB-POINTS (SP) DESCRIPTION

50 PEnren = PEnren,ref

60 PEnren = 0.94 * PEnren,ref

70 PEnren = 0.88 * PEnren,ref

75 PEnren = 0.85 * PEnren,ref

80 PEnren = 0.82 * PEnren,ref

90 PEnren = 0.76 * PEnren,ref

100 PEnren = 0.7 * PEnren,ref

A linear interpolation is possible.

2. Total primary energy demand PEtot

TABLE 6 Points allocation for the indicator total primary energy requirement PEtot

SUB-POINTS (SP) DESCRIPTION

5 PEtot = 1.4 * PEtot,ref

10 PEtot = 1.3 * PEtot,ref

15 PEtot = 1.2 * PEtot,ref

20 PEtot = 1.1 * PEtot,ref

25 PEtot = PEtot,ref

30 PEtot = 0.94 * PEtot,ref

35 PEtot = 0.88 * PEtot,ref

40 PEtot = 0.82 * PEtot,ref

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SUB-POINTS (SP) DESCRIPTION

45 PEtot = 0.76 * PEtot,ref

50 PEtot = 0.7 * PEtot,ref

55 PEtot = 0.67 * PEtot,ref

60 PEtot = 0.64 * PEtot,ref

65 PEtot = 0.61 * PEtot,ref

70 PEtot = 0.58 * PEtot,ref

75 PEtot = 0.55 * PEtot,ref

80 PEtot = 0.52 * PEtot,ref

85 PEtot = 0.49 * PEtot,ref

90 PEtot = 0.46 * PEtot,ref

95 PEtot = 0.43 * PEtot,ref

100* PEtot = 0.4 * PEtot,ref

A linear interpolation is possible. * Note: Buildings with a very high energy efficiency PEtot < 0.7 * PEtot,ref can receive up to 100 sub-points even with a small proportion of renewable primary energy (for example, buildings built to the passive house standard).

3. Proportion of renewable primary energy

TABLE 7 Points allocation for indicator proportion renewable primary energy

SUB-POINTS (SP) DESCRIPTION

5 PEren / PEtot = 2%

10 PEren / PEtot = 4%

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SUB-POINTS (SP) DESCRIPTION

15 PEren / PEtot = 6%

20 PEren / PEtot = 8%

25 PEren / PEtot = 10%

30 PEren / PEtot = 12%

35 PEren / PEtot = 14%

40 PEren / PEtot = 16%

45 PEren / PEtot = 18%

50 PEren / PEtot = 20%

A linear interpolation is possible.

Evaluation of the CLP for the criterion:

CLP = SPPEnren * GPEnren + SPPEtot *GPEtot + SPPEren/PEtot *GPEren/PEtot

Conversion table

TABLE 8

CHECKLISTPOINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS

LIMIT VALUE L 10 1

REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5

TARGET VALUE T 100 10

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DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED

Documentation of results Documentation for the simplified calculation method – Product and construction process stage

. Presentation of the building model including source of primary data for – building surface area and volume – building components or surfaces/materials (quantities and estimated service life); where components are combined, this must be explicitly demonstrated – heat and electricity demand for the building to be certified and the reference building in compliance with APPENDIX 1. Signed national EPBD verification must be also included – quantity survey of building envelope surfaces (external walls including windows/façade, foundation slab, roof) from the calculation in compliance with documentation according to APPENDIX 6 and allocation to building components evaluated – windows/French doors/post-and-beam façade with information on frame size, a depiction of a cross- section of the main profile system, the number of windows that can be opened, and the type of glazing – quantity survey of interior walls and supports; plausibility analysis for floor plans with information on types of interior walls/supports – internal doors: amount (number and area), list of most important types, and description of calculation – quantity survey for ceilings, divided into building levels – sectional representation of building components as a series of layers indicating layer thick- nesses, estimated gross density, and allocation to a data set in ESUCO (or other LCA) database – representation of quantity survey for foundations – reinforced concrete must be quantified in kg/m³ or kg/m² of the relevant building components. Alternatively, steel reinforcements can be listed in an overall project summary – documentation of heating/cooling unit . Processes/components must be documented even when they are disregarded . Data on which the environmental impact is based. If the data used goes beyond that included in ESUCO (or other LCA) database, the data, or the part not included in ESUCO (or other LCA) database, must be disclosed for verification by DGNB.

Documentation for the complete calculation method – Product and construction process stage

. Building surface area and volume . Building components or surfaces/materials not affected by cut-off criteria (amount and estimated service life) . Heat and electricity demand for the building to be certified and for the reference building in compliance with APPENDIX 1 (signed national EPBD verification must be included); bill of quantities for building components

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. Breakdown of construction costs according to cost categories listed in criterion ECO1.1 . The quantity survey’s completeness must be verifiably presented and substantiated . Data on which the environmental impact is based. If the data used goes beyond that included in ESUCO (or other LCA) database, the data, or the part not included in ESUCO (or other LCA) database, must be disclosed for verification by a conformity assessment Documents created for this criterion are optional depending on the chosen type and level of evaluation.

Documentation for the calculation method of the use stage scenario

. Current and heat requirement (end energy) for the building to be certified and also for the reference building according to LCEM. The calculation must correspond to the building which is realised and the LCEM simulation. Indication of the specific electrical performance from a detailed lighting technical planning in the calculation of the artificial light requirement, otherwise calculation according to LCEM . Type of heat and cooling generation systems and ventilation systems plus energy carriers . For district heating the regenerative proportion must be shown via a corresponding certificate or indication of the supplier . Set operating lives of the components and surfaces . Description and feed-in values in accordance with a local Renewable Energies Act of the building related energy systems (e.g. in Germany according to EEG), if present . Verification of origin in the case of waste heat use

Documentation for the calculation method of the End-of-Life scenario

. Assignment of the documented components to a disposal-/recycling pathway

Documentation required for environmental impact results Results must be presented for the entire life cycle per m² NFA and year, categorised by:

Project report for creation of the building life cycle assessment Content:

. General information – designation of the building (address, etc.) – author of the building life cycle assessment (name and qualifications) – arithmetical and evaluation processes used – point in time of creation of the LCA in the life cycle of the building – date of creation

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. General information on the building and the building model – building type – structure of use – required period of use – reference study period – other information about the building such as e.g. technical type of building (type of support structure); year of commissioning; verification of LCEM calculation including information on the reference building end energy – energy generators and energy carriers used for supplying the building with heat, cooling, and hot water

. Indication of the limits and scenarios valid for the evaluation – for the building to be evaluated it is necessary to indicate that the calculation methodology (decisive assumptions and scenarios) was carried out in accordance with the requirements described above

. Data sources – the data sources, type and quality of the data used are to be indicated qualitatively. This applies for both, the building model and the LCA data

Verification of results All the information used, options, or decisions made must be presented in transparent form in order to be verifiable. The verification includes the following:

The parameters and calculation specifications necessary for the calculation can be taken from the following documents:

. calculations according to LCEM with detailed indications on the end energy requirement of the reference building, divided according to energy carriers and type of energy generation . LCA of the physical building components of the building to be certified according to EN ISO 14040 and 14044 which includes all the life cycle phases to be incorporated . ESUCO (or other LCA) database . operating lives of components (see OVERVIEW OF APPENDICES, APPENDIX 5.3)

When using software tools it is essential to pay attention to the implementation of the requirements shown in the criterion and the application of the data basis described.

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REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

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OVERVIEW OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: Global Reference Building Values This appendix provides the factors to be considered for developing the global reference building in case local values are not available. The following values can be found in APPENDIX 1:

1.1 User and Operation Requirements 1.2 Characteristics of Building and Construction Building Envelope 1.3 Technical Services (HVAC, Lighting) 1.4 Demands for Thermal Zoning

APPENDIX 2: Local Reference Building Values The Auditor should include details of national specific reference building as APPENDIX 2.

APPENDIX 3: Catalogue of Building Components The Auditor must complete Deconstruction and Disassembly Matrix in TEC1.6 and include this as APPEN- DIX 3.

APPENDIX 4: Tested Software for Life Cycle Energy Modelling The Auditor should provide information about the software used for the LCEM in APPENDIX 4. The assessment will be performed using a thermal building simulation software in accordance with VDI 6020 or CEN EN 15265 or EN 15255 or VDI 6007 or ASHRAE 140, using typical meteorological climate data in hourly values for the location (test reference year), adopted to the local climate known from the past 30 years. The microclimate of the building site location should be taken into account (e.g. "urban heat is- land" for inner city locations).

APPENDIX 5: Life Cycle Energy modelling Quantification rules for Life Cycle modelling of the building The results are derived from a LCEM of the building according to the rules described in this criterion. In general, either a simplified calculation can be performed for the modelling of results (affecting product stage, refurbishment, end of life stage, and benefits and loads from next product systems) or a detailed complete calculation can be performed for the modelling of results (including all life cycle stages). In both cases, the operational energy use has to be calculated according to APPENDIX 4.

5.1 Product and construction process stage (Modules A1 – A3), simplified calculation method The product stage comprises the calculation of the following building elements:

(1) foundations, floor slab (2) structural parts, columns (3) staircases (4) roofs (5) ceilings, floors (including finishes) (6) external walls (including finishes), windows and external doors (7) internal walls (including finishes) and internal doors (8) central heating and cooling generation units

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Building components and quantity of the cost items are to be categorized and provided according to AP- PENDIX 1 of criterion ECO1.1.

Quantity surveys for the product stage are to be conducted and documented as follows: For (1), (2), (3), the results of the layer compositions have to be offset against the corresponding gross floor area (GFA) measures in the building as a whole and reported separately. Alternatively, total masses (e.g. concrete in foundation) are to be calculated and documented accordingly.

For (7), the results of the layer compositions must be offset against, for example, amounts calculated in implementation plans for the building as a whole and reported separately.

For (8), manufacture of the central heating or cooling unit is to be included in the overall calculation. Pipes and systems for heat delivery are to be excluded from the calculation.

Transportation to building site (A4) is to be disregarded. Products and energy use that relate only to construction site operation are not considered (A5). Neither are excavation processes, demolitions, and temporary preliminary works are not included.

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Cut-off criteria:

. All materials that make up more than 1 % of the building’s total mass or more than 1 % of primary energy consumption considered material or more than 1 % of the impact categories global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP) must be included. Justifiable estimates of primary energy consumption are acceptable. . The total amount of disregarded materials must not exceed 5 % of the total mass of the building, of the primary energy, of the impact in the categories GWP, AP, and EP.

The quantity survey’s completeness must be verifiably presented and substantiated. Transportation to building site (A4) is to be disregarded. Products and energy use that relate only to construction site operation are not considered (A5). Excavation processes, demolitions, and temporary preliminary works are also not included.

The assessment of the use stage scenario includes the following groups:

(1) Operational energy use (B1) (2) Replacement of construction and technical appliances (B4)

For (1), values for end energy demand for heat and electricity are to be taken from the LCEM. Heating units must be listed and assigned and linked to data sets in ESUCO database. In the case of district heating, the renewable share of district heating reported by the supplier is subtracted from the calculated heat demand and designated as secondary fuel (included in the calculation of the total primary energy demand in Criteri- on ENV2.1). The remaining share of district heating is linked to the appropriate data set in ESUCO database. The district heating data sets in ESUCO database are based on the composition of non-renewable district heating in Europe. The European power mix should serve as the basis for the environmental impact values of electricity demand.

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placement measures (replacing building components/products after their estimated service life) are calculated under the assumption that the replacement component/product is the same as the original. It is important that the technical conditions of the replacement be calculated as realistically as possible, particularly for access to building components that may involve the extension and renewal of multiple layers. Only full number of replacements (no partial) is allowed. Disposal of replaced building components/products is to be calculated using the appropriate end-of-life data set in ESUCO database and included in the overall total for the replacement. Transportation to disposal / recycling can be disregarded.

If the quantity survey for the product stage follows the simplified approach, the results for replacement must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.

The plausibility of the approaches must be presented. Note that the same assumptions used to calculate life-cycle costs are to be used here.

The following material groups must be distinguished in the calculations:

For (3), the type of disposal here is “incineration (with thermal recovery where applicable)” The data sets should be listed according to material groups (timber, timber materials, plastics, etc.) and should correspond to an ESUCO database data set or a respective value from a specific EPD. Documentation of results is required if in Module C4 incineration without energy recovery was chosen or in Modules C3 and D if energy recovery was chosen (according to dataset definition).

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If the quantity survey for the product stage follows the simplified approach, the results for replacement must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.

APPENDIX 7: How to use the ESUCO Database A brief introduction on how to gain access and use the ESUCO database for the LCA is provided in this section.

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APPENDIX 1

1. Reference Building – User and Operation

Keys to symbols in table: *D = daylight sensor *M = manual (lighting switched on/off considering user behaviour) *P = presence / motion sensor

USE AND OPERATION OPERATION

COOLING: REQUIRED VENTILATION LIGHTING

M-

S S M-

TEMPERATURE

N-

I- E

N-

DISCHARGE BY

TIME

NO. SPACE TYPE START OF USE END OF USE DAILY HOURS OF USE YEARLY HOURS OF USE (MONDAY TO FRIDAY, NUSM HOLIDAY) DAILY OPERATION HOUR HVAC YEARLY OPERATION HOUHVAC MEDIUM OCCUPANCY NU BERS THERMAL DISCHARGE BYPERSON (SENSITIVE) THERMAL EQUIPMENT AND MACHI ERY HEATING : REQUIRED PERATURET [°C] OFF PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND MINIMUM FRESH AIR EXCHANGE RATE MINIMUM HUMIDITY DEMAND ILLUMINATION FACTOR LIGHTING LIGHTING CO TROL