377

Proc. 10th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop 1988

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES AND DIRECT USES IN PROVINCE

GAO SHI-QIANG

GEOTHERMAL AGRO-UTILIZATION INSTITUTE OF FOJIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,PRC.

ABSTRACT over-wintering crops,breeding vegetable growing Geothermal energy in the rural energy in were up to more than 690000m2,the water area Fujian province had been proper position and used for aquatic product with geothermal water perform an important function. amounted to more than 920000m2.Other uses for Wehave found out 20? hot springs.Ehese sp- drying,incubation, butchery and irrigation. ring are iocated in i±k counties.Most of them ja. Also showed obvious economic results, and played hot water of medium or low temperature a good role in saving energy. (z+0-60^.The average temperature of them is 51c Fujian province is abundant in geothermal and the maximum temperature 89°c and 120c of resource.We have found out 20? hot springs. the spring well hole. The yearly total amount of The main projects for geothermal fieh-b^ee- thermal energy which geothermal water brings eii»g!»application inFujian province are: geo- to the earth surface approximates to 212000 thermal greenhouse,geothermal fish breeding tons of standard coal.For the past more than geothermal incubation, duckweed over winter, ten years, the exploitation and utilization leather processing, geothermal for propagation of geothermal resource inFujian has been in a of edible fungus, drying mushroom, etc. position of importance.Remarkable successes have been achieved in geothermal uses for in- dustry, farming,animal husbandry,fishery, me- dical treatment, sports and touring with both THE ADVANTAGEOUS POSITION AND GREAT EFF- economic and social effects.According to our ECTS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY' IN. THE RURAL ENERGIES unfinished statistics,the diily volume of geo- IN FUJIAN theermal water flow in Fujian totals 11 if/f00 Geothermal energy is a reproducible new tons,but the pratical volume now used is only energy which can be exploited and utilized lo- 2i+000 tons aday, that is to say,about 21%of it cally. Itis not only easy to exploit, less in nearly 80#hot water has not been exploited and investment, simple in equipment, convenient to utilized yet,what apity. Moreover Fujian is

use, and capable of conprehensive utilization, short of normal energy—coal and oil,particularly# but also has the advantage of safety,clearness in the present day,we are carrying out the new and cheapness. It has been in proper position opening economic policy, we have increasingly in the rural energy. great demand of energy with the development With various rural energies in Fujian,geo- of various economic undertakings,however,gco- thermal energy ranks next to marsh gas,fuel thermal energy is available to solve these pro- forest, hydraulic power.But it is more simple blems. Hence it is more necessary to exploit and easier in production and utilization,com- large amount of underground energy,so that coal parison with solar energy,wind power and tide petroleum and electric power willteebe greatly power.For the past few years, it has shown more saved.As a complement of rural energy,geothermal striking econmic" results .It has become a reli- energy will help develop rural economy of Fu- able productivity,as well as acomplement of jian province and ensure energy supply in rural rural energy.It was reported that geothermal lives.In a word,geothermal energy will play energy for direct uses(not including uses for more and more outstanding voles in rural energy electric power),in the world, which had come with its further exploitation and utilization. to a thermal pfcwer of 12000MW, increased at a GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND ITS APPRECIATION rate of 5-8.5% annually from 1975 till 1985. The same thing has taken place in . Our The number of spots we have found in Fujian statistics of 1986 showed that the total area is ranks the forth place in China,after that of geothermal greenhouses in China used for in Tibet, Yunnan and Guangdong three areas, 378

Gao Shi-Qiang and the geothermal ranging density takes the the geothermal development, application ana research had got much progress and effect at third place in China, after Taiwan and Guangd_. dong provinces. This is one of advantages of a great pace.In 197O's began to used for in- dustry(leather processing),farming and medical natural resource in Fujian. treatment,till eighties geothermal application (1) Range: had used for aquatic product,food processing There are 207 geothermal spots,of which 167 (drying mushroom), spots and touring, etc. are natural hot spring, 24 are artificial According to our unfinished statistics,now drill and the others are both of them,mostly hot springs used for farming up to 64 spots, located in forty-two cities and counties,parti- of which over 90% used*® for aquatic products, cularly in the south-east and south-west in and other used for breeding plants, duckweed Fujian.For example, 57 spots in are over winter. (most). 34 in area(second most),and (a) For aquatic products:Breeding eel in the others in ,, ,Amoy, Chengfeng spot of Yongtai county output value etc. more than 2300000 yuan(about over 300000 do- (2)Temperature of water: llars). Also in Putian county breeding eel achi- The average temperature of hot springs in eved 24000000 yuan(aboute- over 3000000 dollars)t Fujian is 51'c.The maximum temperature of na- And other counties (Lianjiang,Zhangtai, »Minhou, tural hat springs is 89°c (Dehua).As for drill Nanjin,etc.)also to develop breeding eel.Another the highest temperature at the bottom of the counties as Yunxiao,Zhaoan breeding great shri- hole is 121.5c,while at the mouth of the hole mps achieved more values.Fuzhou,Amoy, Zhangpu is 106°c(Zhangzhou).Hot springs in Fujian are etc.more than ten counties and citiesj mainly of medium low temperature, of which had raising catfish ana crucian fish(Tilapia 65(31.*$) are of low temperature(20-40c), 85 Nilotica), achieved great effects. (41.1%)are of medium temperature(ifO-6Oc) ,44 (b)Geothermal comprehensive utilization (22.2%)are of medium high temperature(6O-8Oc > in agriculture; and only 11 (5.3%)are of high temperature(>80c) In end of seventies, Xiayang spot of Yong-80"c), of which 34.7%,16300 KCarl/s (about 73600 tons of standard coal)is of those year-round.(3)Cutting propagation of camellia of medium high temperature(60-80°c).and only and grape plants on geothermal hotbed.(4)Geo- other less than 25%is of those of medium low thermal for growing edible fungus.(5)For hat- temperature «60°c). ching box.It was run with 55c water 200-300Kg. per day,which volume is able to hatch 1600 eggs (4)Appreciation: once.(6)For tropical fish propagation ana over H6t springs are dispersed wide, lie hidden shallow in the earth, and water quality is fine, winter.(7)For hatching and raising young cat- These springs exploit by a few drill,with a fish (Clarias Leather),in one greenhouse thlfee little invest, may be achieve great effect. nursery ponds(7.2m )were set up to keep the So that geothermal uses for farming,fisheryj water temperature at 26-28c by microcomputer. medical treatment, sports and touring,etc.has It may be hatching 400000-500000 fry.That in- a broad prospect. stitute took hot water into stair uses,may be THE STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL EXPLOIT AND develop geothermal efficacy in full. USES IN FUJIAN (c)The others: The hot springs in Fuzhou and Zhangzhou The geothermal development and application used for medical treatment,as treat skin di- inFujian, had been started earlier.Recording sease and rheumar-arthritis(articular).Else to the record and narrate of old books,the geo- used for sports,as hot spring swimming pool, thermal resources had been exploit to«se use so that swimmers and athletes can be training in Fuzhou city inAA.D.945.Since the seventies, in wa*e winter. 379

Gao Shi-Qiang

In a word, geothermal energy is an impor- tant way for complement the rural energy in Fujian province.

REFERENCES

(1) Gian •,vuqiao,Gaq£hiqiang and Lin Tianmin (1986):The study of the geothermal compre- hensive utilization in agriculture, International seminar on rural energy technology, p.509 (2)Chu Bin (1986):The Chinese current status of geothermal application in agriculture. international seminar on rural energy technology. p.if89 (3)Huang Hongfeng, You Zhenshen and Huang Defu (1986):Exploration of exploitation ana comprehensive utilization of geothermal resources inFuzhou,PRC. ao Shiqiang, Cheng Guoreng(1988): Geothermal exploitation and utilization with develop tactics in Fujian. p.18