Mandalay city map pdf

Continue Located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River is , 's second largest city. It is considered the cultural center of the country because it has preserved the cultural heritage of the ancient Burmese kingdoms. Mandalay was formerly known as Ratanapunja, and it was there that the Royal Palace of the Conbaung Dynasty was built. When the Conbaung dynasty was in power, the city was a great and majestic, true testament to the Golden Age of Burma. Unfortunately, the palace and the city as a whole were damaged during World War II. Since then, the palace and the city have been reconstructed. The current city was founded in 1857 and got its name from Mandalay Hill, one of the key tourist destinations in Mandalay. In addition to the aforementioned palace and hill, there are other attractions to see in Mandalay. This ancient royal city lacks pagodas, temples and monasteries, most of which are remarkable examples of architecture that will surely thrill visitors. One example is the Mahamuni Pagoda, the holiest pilgrimage site in the city. Meanwhile, atamashi Kyung is an example of a traditional Burmese monastic structure. Another notable attraction is the Kutodau Pagoda, known for its more than 700 inscriptions. As in other cities of Myanmar, Mandalay is home to many pagodas, as Theravada Buddhism is the predominant religion in More... Mandalay preserves the folk art of puppetry, and showcases this art form for foreigners through puppet shows and more... Visitors who want to enjoy the nightlife in Mandalay may be disappointed with what the city has to offer. Unlike , More... There is no shortage of places to eat in Myanmar. This is especially true in Mandalay with quite a selection of More... Shopping at Mandalay is a completely different experience compared to shopping in Yangon. With one exception Mandalay More... While duty-free shops, department stores, supermarkets and convenience stores exist in Yangon, the real magic can be found on Read more... Main dishes such as fish, chicken and pork are usually served with vegetables mixed with onions, peppers, ginger and More... Myanmar has three main desinations; as the home for the richest archaeological sites in Southeast Asia, Mandalay and More... The actual size of the Mandalay 1280 X 1862 pixels, the file size (in bytes) is 486196. You can open this downloadable and printed Map of Mandalay by clicking on the map yourself or by clicking this link: Open the map. The actual size of the Mandalay 2000 X 2026 pixels card is 571367. You can open, download and print this detailed Mandalay map by clicking on the map yourself or by clicking here: Open the map. Car rental on OrangeSmile.com OrangeSmile.com - online booking expert providing reliable car rental and hotel booking services. We have more than 25,000 25,000 with 12,000 rental offices and 200,000 hotels worldwide. Secure Server Head Office Weegschaalstraat 3, Eindhoven 5632 CW, Netherlands No31 40 40 150 44 Privacy Policy Terms About Us Copyright © 2002 - OrangeSmile Tours B.V. OrangeSmile.com (OrangeSmile.com) Under the leadership and leadership of IVRA Holding B.V. - Registered in Kamer van Kufandel (KK), Netherlands No. 17237018 Mandalay, the last capital of the kings of Myanmar, is located in central Myanmar, 668 km north of Yangon. Also known as Ratanabon-nepiyi (meaning Gem City), it was built in 1857 by King Mindon. Today it is the second largest city with a rich cultural heritage. It is also a commercial centre with rail, road, river and air links to all parts of the country. How to get there - Mandalay International Airport is a gateway. Mandalay is only an hour's flight from Yangon. Myanma Airways, Yangon Airways and Air Mandalay operate daily flights. On the way, it takes about 12 hours on Express buses, and about 14 hours by train. Where to stay - Mandalay has a wide range of accommodations from international standard hotels to local standard hotels, hotels and guesthouses for visitors according to their taste and budget. For Rudyard Kipling's poem, see Mandalay (poem). For other purposes, see Mandalay (disambigation). The city of Myanmar Is a cultural city in the , MyanmarMandalayမနတ္ ေလးCultural City FlagSealMandalayLocation of Mandalay, MyanmarShow map MyanmarMandalayMandalay (Asia)Show map AsiaCoordinates: 215830N 965'0E / 21.97500'N 96.08333 96.08 333Ordinates: 21'58'30N 96'5'0E / 21.97500'N 96.08333'E / 21.97500; 96.08333Country MyanmarRegionManalay DistrictMandaly DistrictExorableKing Mindon Government (Mare LvinArea) - Cultural city163.84 sq km (63.26 sq m) Height22 m (70 feet) Population (census 2014) 0/km2 (27,000/sq mi) - Urban1,319,452 - Rural 407,437 - Ethnic GroupsBurmes Chinese Shan - Other Minorities - ReligionsTera Buddhism Christianity Hinduism IslamTime zoneUTC-6:30 (MMT)Area code (s)02'3'Izing the registrationMdy Mandalay (/ˌmændəˈleɪ/or/ˈmændəleɪ/; Burmese: မနတ္ ေလး; MLCTS: manta.le: máɰ̃ dəlé) is the second largest city in Myanmar after Yangon. Located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River, 716 km north of Yangon, the city has a population of 1,225,553 (2014 census). Mandalay was founded in 1857 by King Mindon, replacing Amarapuru as the new royal capital of the Conbaung dynasty. It was the last royal capital of Burma before the kingdom was annexed by the British Empire in 1885. Under British rule, Mandalay remained commercially and culturally important, despite the rise of Yangon, the new capital of British Burma. City extensive destruction during the Japanese conquest of Burma in World War II. In 1948, Mandalay became part of the new independent Union of Burma. Today, Mandalay is the economic center of Upper Myanmar and is considered the center of Burmese culture. The continuing influx of Chinese immigrants, mainly from Yunnan province, since the late 20th century, has changed the ethnic composition of the city and increased trade with China. Despite the recent rise of , Mandalay remains Upper Burma's main commercial, educational and medical centre. The etymology of the city got its name from the nearby Mandalay Hill. The name is probably derived from the word Pali, although the exact word of origin remains unclear. The root word was supposed to be ma'ala (မဏ္ဍလ), referring to the circular plains or Mundar, a mountain of Hindu mythology. When it was founded in 1857, the royal city was officially named Yadanabon (ရတနာပုံ, jədənàbòʊɰ̃ ), credit Pali to the name of Ratanapara (ရတနပူရ) City of Gems. It was also called Lay Kyun Aung Myei (ေလးကျွန်းေအာင်မြေ, l dʑʊ́ɰ̃ àʊɰ̃ mj, Victorious Land over the Four Islands) and (မြနန်းစံ ကျော်, mja̰ náɰ̃ sàɰ̃ tɕɔ̀, Famed Emerald Royal Palace). The history of the Mandalay Palace Grounds Early History See also: Mandalay Palace Like most of Burma's former (and current) capitals, Mandalay was founded at the behest of the ruler of the day. On February 13, 1857, King Mindon founded a new royal capital at the foot of Mandalay Hill, ostensibly to fulfill the prophecy of the founding of the metropolis in this exact place on the occasion of the 2400th anniversary of Buddhism. King Mindon is the founder of Mandalay Royal Capital Bastion's Mandalay Palace The new capital site was 66 km2 (25.5 sq m) in an area surrounded by four rivers. The plan called for a 144-square-block mesh patterned citadel, anchored by 16 square blocks of the Royal Palace complex in downtown Mandalay Hill. The 1,020-acre (413-hectare) citadel was surrounded by four walls 2,032m long and 64m wide, 4.6m deep. The walls had three gates on each side and five bridges to cross the moat. In addition, the king ordered the Kuodoau Pagoda, Pagoda Pakhtan-hau Shwe Thein, the Tudhams zayyats or public houses to preach Buddhism, and a library for the Pali canon. In June 1857, the former royal palace of was dismantled and moved by elephants to a new site at the foot of Mandalay Hill, although the construction of the palace complex was not officially completed until two years later, on Monday, May 23, 1859. [10] For the next 26 years, Mandalay was to become the last royal capital of the Conbaung dynasty, the last independent Burmese kingdom before its eventual annexation by the British Empire. Mandalay ceased to be the capital on November 28, 1885, when the British conquered the city, plundered Pitakatake (Royal Library) and sent Chibau Mina and his queen Supayalat into exile, ending the Third Anglo-Burma War. Thudamma zayats built during the reign of Mindon Min Min Colonial Mandalay (1885-1948) Map of Mandalay, 1911 While Mandalay will continue to be the main city of Upper Burma during British colonial rule, commercial and political significance has irreversibly shifted to Yangon. The British view of mandalay development (and Burma) was largely commercially intended. While rail reached Mandalay in 1889, less than four years after the annexation, the first college at Mandalay, Mandalay College, was founded only 40 years later, in 1925. The British looted the palace, some treasures are still on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum, and renamed the Fort Dufferin Palace Complex and used it to harvest troops. Meewun (Mayor) Mandalay, c. 1900. The old street scene in Chinatown Mandalay during the British colonial period During the colonial years Mandalay was the center of Burmese culture and Buddhist learning, and as the last royal capital, was regarded by Burmese as a major symbol of sovereignty and identity. Between the two world wars, the city was the focal point of Upper Burma in a series of nationwide protests against British rule. British rule brought many immigrants from India to the city. In 1904-1905, about a third of the population left the city due to the plague. Troops from the 19th Indian Division and Li's tank in action during street fighting in Mandalay, March 9-10, 1945. During World War II, Mandalay survived the most devastating air raids of the war. On April 3, 1942, during the Japanese conquest of Burma, the Imperial Japanese Army conducted a large-scale offensive. The city was virtually defenceless because its firefighting resources were weak, having been lost in previous bombings, it had no anti-aircraft capability, and the British Air Force had now withdrawn all its aircraft to India. Three-fifths of Mandalay's homes were destroyed and 2,000 civilians were killed. Many residents also fled when the city was under Japanese occupation from May 1942 to March 1945. The palace citadel, which had been converted into a supply depot by the Japanese, was in turn burned to the ground by Allied bombardment; only the royal mint and the clock tower have survived. (A faithful replica of the palace was restored in the 1990s.) Modern Mandalay (1948-present) After the country gained independence from in 1948, Mandalay continued to be the main cultural, educational and upper Burma. Until the early 1990s, most students from Upper Burma traveled to Mandalay for university degrees. Until 1991, the University of Mandalay, the University of Medicine, Mandalay and the Academy of Defence Services were the only three universities in Upper Burma. Only a few other cities have had degree colleges associated with Mandalay University that offer a limited number of subjects. Today, the city attracts some students, as the military government requires students to attend their local universities to reduce the concentration of students in one place. In November 1959, Mandalay celebrated its centenary with a festival at the foot of Mandalay Hill. Special commemorative stamps were issued. During the isolationist rule of Ne Win (1962-1988), the city's infrastructure deteriorated. By the early 1980s, Burma's second-largest city resembled a city with low-rise buildings and dusty streets filled mostly with bicycles. In the 1980s, the city was hit by two major fires. In May 1981, a fire destroyed more than 6,000 homes and public buildings, leaving more than 36,000 people homeless. On 24 March 1984, another fire destroyed 2,700 buildings and made 23,000 homeless. The fires continue to haunt the city. A major fire destroyed Mandalay's second-largest market, the Yadanabon market, in February 2008, and another major fire in February 2009 destroyed 320 homes and left more than 1,600 homeless. The fires of the 1980s foreshadowed significant changes in the physical character of the city and ethnic composition. Huge tracts of land left vacant by the fires were later acquired mainly by ethnic Hanchans, many of whom were recent immigrants from Yunnan Province. The Chinese influx accelerated after the current State Peace and Development Council came to power in 1988. With the Burmese government turning their eyes, many Chinese immigrants from Yunnan (and also from Sichuan) poured into upper Burma in the 1990s and many openly ended up in Mandalay. In the 1990s alone, it was estimated that between 250,000 and 300,000 Young people migrated to Mandalay. Today, ethnic Chinese are thought to make up about 40 to 50 per cent of the city's population, which is almost equal to the local population, and is a major factor in the doubling of the city's population from about 500,000 in 1980 to one million in 2008. Chinese festivals are now firmly embedded in the city's cultural calendar. There is a complaint that Mandalay is becoming little more than a companion of China and that the British colonial novel of old Mandalay is long gone. The Chinese have a great responsibility for the economic revitalization of the city centre, currently being rebuilt with apartment buildings, hotels and centers, and return the city to its role as a shopping mall connecting Lower Burma, Upper Burma, China and India. Chinese domination in the center of the city supplanted to the suburbs. The sprawl of cities now encompasses Amarapura, the same city that King Mindon left about 150 years ago. Mandalay celebrated his 150th birthday on May 15, 2009, at exactly 4:31:36 a.m. Despite the rise of Naypyidaw, the country's capital since 2006, Mandalay remains Upper Burma's main commercial, educational and medical center. In October 2018, Mandalay ranked fifth among the top 10 cities in Southeast Asia, becoming the smartest city for the ASEAN Smart Cities network. The Mandalay Geography, shown from the map of Mandalay and its environs from the International Map of the World (1971) Mandalay Location, is located in the central dry zone of Burma by the Irrawaddy River at 21.98 north, 96.08 East, 80 meters (260 feet) above sea level. The standard UTC/GMT time zone is 6:30 p.m. 626 km from Yangon. Mandalay is located along Sagaing Fault, the boundary of tectonic plates between Indian and probe plates. (The largest earthquake in its history, magnitude 7, occurred in 1956. The waters near Mandalay are Mandalay Cantamgyi, a small lake and the Irrawaddy River to the west of the city. The rain shadow of the Arakan Mountains is so powerful that the city qualifies as having a hot semi-arid climate (K'ppen climate classification: BSh), although it borders on tropical wet and dry climate (K'ppen climate classification: Aw). Mandalay features noticeably warmer and cooler periods of the year. The average temperature in January, the mildest month, hovers around 21 degrees Celsius or 69.8 degrees Fahrenheit while the hottest month, April, averages 31 degrees Celsius or 87.8 degrees Fahrenheit. Mandalay is very hot in April and May, with average high temperatures easily exceeding 35 degrees Celsius or 95 degrees Fahrenheit. It is not uncommon to see high temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius or 104 degrees Fahrenheit during those two months in the city. Mandalay also has wet and dry seasons of almost identical lengths, with the wet season running from May to October and the dry season covering the remaining six months. The highest temperatures recorded in Mandalay on 24 April 1975 were 48.0 degrees Celsius (118.4 degrees Fahrenheit) and the lowest was 7.6 degrees Celsius (45.7 degrees Fahrenheit) on 26 December 1999. In the dry season, there are significantly more changes in temperature than during the rainy season. Mandalay Climate Data (1981-2010, Extremes 1889-present) Month Jan February Mar Apr May June June August November November December Year Record High Celsius (F) 37.2 (99.0) 39.2 (2017) 102.6) 42.8 (109.0) 48.0 (118.4) 45.0 (113.0) 42.0 (107.6) 41.6 (106.9) 39.8 (103.6) 43.4 (110.2 1) 39.2 (102.6) 38.5 (101.3) 34.0 (93.22) ) 48.0 Average C maximum (F) 29.6 (85.3) 32.7 (90.9) 36.6 (97.9) 38.9 (97.9) 36.9 (98.4) 35.2 (95.0) 36.98.4) 35.2 (9 5.5 0.4) 35.1 (95.2) 34.3 (93.7) 34.0 (93.2) 33,3. 4 (92.1) 31.1 (88.0) 29.1 (84.4) 33.9 (93.0) Daily Daily °C (°F) 21.9(71.4) 24.4(75.9) 28.8(83.8) 31.9(89.4) 31.3(88.3) 30.8(87.4) 30.8(87.4) 30.2(86.4) 29.7(85.5) 28.8(83.8) 25.7(78.3) 22.2(72.0) 28.0(82.4) Average low °C (°F) 13.7(56.7) 16.0(60.8) 20.4(68.7) 24.7(76.5) 25.9(78.6) 26.1(79.0) 26.2(79.2) 25.8(78.4) 25.4(77.7) 24.0(75.2) 19.9(67.8) 15.4(59.7) 22.0(71.6) Record low °C (°F) 8.0(46.4) 10.0(50.0) 12.8(55.0) 13.0(55.4) 17.4(63.3) 20.0(68.0) 20.0(68.0) 19.5(67.1) 20.5(68.9) 18.5 (65.3) 11.1 (52.0) 7.6 (45.7) 7.6 (45.7) Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.9 (0.04) 3.8 (0 0.15) 5.8 (0.23) 40.4 (1.59) 130.0 (130.0) 5.12) 99.5 (3.92) 74.7 (2.94) 132 0.9 (5.23) 157.1 (6.94) 19) 130.7 (5.15) 36.4 (1.43) 4.9 (0.19) 817.1 (32.1). 17) Average rainy days 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.3 8.3 7.2 5.9 8.7 8.1 6.8 2.8 0.7 53.0 Average relative humidity (%) 68 58 49 50 66 73 71 76 76 77 74 72 68 Average monthly sundial 309 280 301 291 267 208 182 168 215 215 215 223 269 278 2991 Source 1: Norwegian Meteorological Institute (average high and medium low and precipitation 1981-2010), World Meteorological Organization (rainy days 1961-1990), : Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity, 1931-1960), Meteo Climate (record highs and lows) The cityscape of Mandalay Hill, at 790 feet (240 m), is home to many of Mandalay's religious sites. Mandalay Kutodau Pagoda - Some of the 729 stupas known as the world's largest book atumashi Monastery has been restored as a faithful copy of the original destroyed by fire. Yunnanese Buddhist temple and association in Mandalay is one of the main Chinese temples in the city. Around the city, Atashi Monastery: Atashi Kyung, which literally means unique Vihara, is also one of the famous attractions. The original structure was destroyed by fire in 1890 although the masonry plinth survived. The reconstruction project was launched by the Government on 2 May 1995 and completed in June 1996. Replica of the Buddha Relic Pagoda: One of the Sacred Relics of the Tooth of Buddha was enshrined in the Mandalay Shwedo Pagoda on Maha Dhammayanti Hill in the village of Amarapura. The pagoda was built on cash donations from The people of Burma and Buddhist donors from around the world under the supervision of the State Peace and Development Council. On 13 December 1996, the authorities and donors raised the Mandalay Pagoda's Replica of the Buddha's Tooth Relic, Shwe Htidau (sacred golden umbrella), Hggetmaatnadow (sacred bird perch van) and Sainprudau (sacred diamond bud). Kutopau Pagoda (The Largest Book in the World): Built by King Mindon in 1857, this pagoda, modelled on the Shwesygon Pagoda in Nyaung-Wu, is surrounded by 729 vertical stone slabs on which the entire Tipignaka is painted, edited and approved by the Fifth Buddhist Council. It is widely known as the largest book in the world for its stone scriptures. Kyauktavgi Pagoda: nearby on the southern approach to Mandalay Hill stands an image of Buddha Kyauktavgia, built by King Mindon in 1853-1878. The image was carved from a huge single block of marble. Statues of 80 arahants are collected around the image, twenty on each side. The carving was completed in 1865. The Temple of Buddha Mahamuni: The image of Buddha Gautama in the temple of Buddha Mahamuni is said to have been cast during the life of Buddha Gautama and that Buddha received him seven times, thus ingesting him. Consequently, devout Buddhists keep him alive and call it the Sacred Living Image of Mahamuni. Revered as a holy pagoda in Mandalay, it was built by King Bodaupay in 1784. The image in the seated pose is 12 feet and 7 inches (3.8 m) high. Since the image was brought from , it was also called the Great Buddha of Rakhine. The early morning ritual of washing the image of the Buddha's Face attracts a large crowd of devotees every day. The great image is also considered who? as the greatest in Burma next to the Shwedagon pagoda. Mandalay Hill: The hill has long been a sacred mountain. Legend has it that Buddha during his visit predicted that the great city would be founded at its foot. From Mandalay Hill, 230 meters high, if you look at the city and the surrounding area. Construction of the road, which reaches the top of the hill, has already been completed. Mandalay Palace: The entire palace complex was destroyed by fire during World War II. The walls of the palace, the city gates with their crowning wooden pavilions and the surrounding moat, Mia-nan-san-Kyo Schwendau, were restored by forced labor. The palace is home to a model of Mandalay Palace, Nanmyun-son and the Mandalay Museum of Culture. Schwenandau Monastery: Known for its wood carving, it was part of the old palace. In 1880 it was moved by King Thibault to its present location near the monastery of Asumasi. U Bein Bridge : known for the oldest and (once) longest teak bridge in the world. It was built when the capital of the Kingdom of Ava moved to Amarapura. Yadanabon zoo gardens: a small zoo between Mandalay Palace and Mandalay Hill. It has over 300 species and in particular is the only zoo to have Burmese indoor turtles. The east walkway of the Mandalay Moat Administration of Mandalay City Hall and the MCDC headquarters of the Mandalay region government is the government of the Mandalay region including Mandalay City. The Mandalay Urban Development Committee (MCDC) is a municipal organization in Mandalay. The Mandalay district consists of seven villages. Amarapura Aungmyethazan Chanayethazan (city center) Chanmyathazi Maha Aungmye Pyigyidagun Mandalay Transport in central Burma makes it an important hub for the transportation of people and goods. The city is connected to other parts of the country and with China and India by several modes of transport. Mandalay International Airport (MDL) was one of the largest and most modern airports in Myanmar until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008. Built for $150 million in 2000, it is deeply perplexing; it serves mainly domestic flights, with the exception of flights to Kunming and to/from Bangkok and Chiang Mai, with daily flights to Air Asia and Bangkok Airways. The airport began to represent the military regime's penchant for poor planning and a penchant for white elephant projects. Myanmar's recent attitude towards tourism means that the airport is now receiving an increasing number of visitors from Bangkok and Chiang Mai. The airport is far from the city, 45 km (28 miles) along a modern highway. Prior to the construction of this airport, Mandalay Chanmyatazi Airport was the city's main airport. The airport serves some flights to Myanmar cities. The Ayarwadi River remains an important arterial route for transporting goods such as agricultural products including rice, beans and legumes, vegetable oil, ceramics, bamboo and teak. The Central Railway Station at the 78th and 30th Mandalay Central Railway Station is the final part of Myanmar's main railway line from Yangon and the starting point of the branches to Piin U Lwin (Maimio), Lashio, Moniva, Pacoku, Kalay, Gangau, and in the north, Schwebo, Kaulin, Naba, Kanbalu, Mohlin, Moklin, Mokulin. The former trams in Mandalay have been decommissioned. Mandalay Road is literally in the middle of Burma's road network. The motorway network includes roads in the direction of Upper Burma and China-Mandalay-Tagagung-Bhamo Mitakina Road, Mandalay--SiU-Bhamo Road, Mandalay-Lashio-Muse Road (part of Asian Highway Route 14 or AH14) U Bein Bridge Buses and Cars As the government allows only a few thousand vehicles to be imported each year, road transport in Burma is very expensive for most of its citizens. Most people rely on bicycles, motorcycles and/or private and public buses. Back in the 2000s, the most popular car in Mandalay was a 1982/83 Nissan Sunny pickup truck. Due to its usefulness as a private bus or taxi, the two-and-a-half decade old model still had high demand and heady prices to match-from K10 million to K14 million (US$8,000 to US$11,000) in mid-2008. To circumvent strict import restrictions, the villages of Mandalay turned to illegally imported and therefore unregistered (called no Burmese English) motorcycles and cars, despite periodic government confiscations. In March 2008, Mandalay almost registered vehicles, as well as an unknown number of unregistered vehicles. Although the number of cars in the city of one million is low, traffic in Mandalay is very chaotic as thousands of bikes and (unregistered) motorcycles roam freely across lanes of the streets. Unlike Yangon, where motorcycles, bicycle rickshaws and bicycles are banned from entering the city centre and busy areas, in Mandalay it all goes. In 2018, as part of the Mandalay Smart City initiative, the Mandalay City Development Committee installed new traffic lights with Internet-connected sensors to control traffic at intersections. Demography Historical PopulationYearPop.±% 1950167,000 - 1960250,000'49.7% 1970374,000 49.6% 1980499,000-33.4% 1990636.4 Un estimates that the population of Mandalay is almost 1 million people. The city's population is projected to reach nearly 1.5 million by 2025. While Mandalay has traditionally been a bastion of the culture and population of Bamara (Burman), the massive influx of ethnic Han people over the past 20 years has actually affected the ethnic Bamar majority. Although many indigenous ethnic Han people were unable to obtain Burmese citizenship, foreign-born Youth can easily obtain Burmese citizenship cards on the black market. Ludu Daw Amar of Mandalay, a local journalist, said it looked like an undeclared Yunnan colony. Today, the percentage of ethnic Han-Chinese who are estimated to make up 50% of the city (with yunnanese forming approximately 30% of the population of Mandalay) is thought to be almost the same as that of the ethnic-Bamar. A large community of Indian immigrants also lives in Mandalay. Mandalay's population in 2014 Burmese is the city's main language while Chinese dialects are increasingly heard in the city's shopping malls such as Chinatown and Segyo Market. English is the third language known only to some urban people. The cultural relics of Buddha from the Kanishka stupa in Peshawar, Pakistan, are now in Mandalay. Teresa Merrigan, 2005 Mandalay is the cultural and religious center of Burma Buddhism, having numerous monasteries and more than 700 pagodas. At the foot of the Mandalay Hill is the world's official Buddhist Bible, also known as the world's largest book, the Kuodoau Pagoda. There have been many styles of images of Buddha Mandalay and Buddha statues since the days of King Mandon, who was a devout Buddhist, and filled Mandalay with them and over the years Mandalay Buddhist art became established as pure art of Myanmar. There are 729 slabs of stone, which are inscribed together with the entire canon of Carly, each of which is located in its white stupa. Kuthodaw Pagoda and Sandar Mooni Pagoda building inside the old city walls of Mandalay, surrounded by a moat that has been renovated in recent years using prison labor, labor, Mandalay Palace, mostly destroyed during World War II. Atu will now be replaced by a replica, a military prison and a military garrison, the headquarters of the Central Military Command. The palace walls of the media Much of the media in Mandalay - as elsewhere in Burma - comes from Yangon. The city's non-satellite television program comes from Myanmar's Yangon-based state television and military-run Myawaddy, both of which provide Burmese-language news and entertainment. Since December 2006, MRTV-4, formerly a paid channel, has also been available in Mandalay. Mandalay has two radio stations. The National Radio Service of Myanmar, based in Naypyidaw, is a national radio service and broadcasts mainly in Burmese (and in English at certain times). The semi-detached run of Mandalay City FM (87.9FM) is the Mandalay Metropolitan Metropolitan Area Pop Culture Oriented Station. The military government, which controls all daily newspapers in Burma, uses Mandalay to publish and distribute its three national newspapers, Burmese Myanmar Alin and Kyemon and English . State-owned Yadanabon is published in Mandalay and serves the Upper Burma market. The Mandalay Daily newspaper has been published by the Mandalay Urban Development Committee since 1997 on 30 November. The Bahtoo Sports Stadium, the Billboard of Mandalay FM Radio Mandalay, by international standards are pretty poor, but are still the best in Upper Burma. The 17,000-seat Bahtoo Stadium was the largest in Upper Myanmar before the construction of the Mandalayriti Stadium and hosts mainly local and regional football and track and field tournaments. Since May 2009, professional football has arrived in Mandalay, with Yadanabon FC representing the city in the newly formed Myanmar National League, the country's first professional football league. In 2013, a new stadium, the Mandalarethiri Stadium, was built to host the women's football matches of the 27th SEA Games and became the largest stadium in Mandalay and Upper Myanmar. The Mandalarthiri Sports Complex Inside the Sports Stadium Climbing falls hill, the first bolt climbing site in Myanmar have been developed with the help of Mandalay climbers led by Steve, Taylor and the Technical Climbing Club of Myanmar since 2010. The economy of Chinese blankets for Mandalay winter Mandalay is a major trade and communication center for northern and central Burma. Much of Burma's foreign trade to China and India passes through Mandalay. Among the leading traditional industries - silk weaving, tapestry, cutting and polishing jade, stone and wood carving, making marble and bronze images of Buddha, temple decorations and paraphernalia, work of gold leaves and silver, making matches, brewing and Mandalay Convention Centre Chinese immigrants are increasingly dominating the Mandalay Mandalay economy sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union in the 1990s. The zicho market, the city's largest education market See also: Category: Universities and Colleges at Mandalay University Mandalay has the best educational institutions and institutions, after Yangon, in Burma, where public spending on education is one of the lowest in the world. Students in poor areas usually drop out of high school, as schools are forced to rely on forced donations and various fees from parents for almost everything - keeping the school up to teachers' salaries. Many wealthy Mandalay parents enroll their children in private English schools for primary and secondary education, as well as Chinese and Singaporean universities for university education. Some wealthy Chinese families also send their children to cram schools where students study for entrance exams at Chinese universities from 6am to 8am, then to government seniors from 9am to 3pm, and finally training classes for Singapore's GCE O levels from 4pm to 9pm. , Mandalay offers the best higher education institutions of Upper Burma. There are more than 15 universities, including Sasan University. Mandalay City University, Medical University, Mandalay, University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay, Mandalay University of Technology and the University of Computer Studies, Mandalay are among the most selective universities in the country. Medical University, Mandalay Health See also: The list of hospitals in Mandalay Common Health state in Burma is poor. The military government spends between 0.5% and 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranked among the lowest in the world. In 2005, the Mandalay region's public health system, which included more than 7.6 million people, consisted of just over 1,000 doctors and about 2,000 nurses working in 44 hospitals and 44 clinics. More than 30 so-called hospitals had fewer than 100 beds. Although medical care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicines and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals do not have many basic facilities and equipment. However, Mandalay remains Upper Burma's main medical centre, as almost all major public hospitals and private hospitals are located in Mandalay. The city has ten public hospitals and one hospital specializing in traditional Burmese medicine. To get proper medical care for young children from Upper Burma, they go to private hospitals and clinics in Mandalay. For more advanced treatments, they should go to Yangon or abroad. Wealthy Burmese regularly travel abroad (usually to Bangkok or Singapore) for treatment. Twin cities - twin cities c: Cirebon, Indonesia Kunming, China Phnom Penh, Cambodia Ulsan, Korean Mandalay in popular culture Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem called Mandalay (1890), which is the origin of the phrase on the way to Mandalay. In 1907, the poem was based on the music of Ley Speaks like a way to Mandalay. The version of The Says was widely recorded. Among the most famous renditions is one by Frank Sinatra on Come Fly With Me. The large hotel/casino/conference center of Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas is named after the city, despite the fact that the city is 500 kilometers from the nearest bay, perhaps due to the line in Kipling's poem, An Dawn comes like the thunder of outer China's mole bay! George Orwell worked for some time in the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, and his first novel, The Burmese Days (1934), was based on his experience in Burma. He also wrote a number of short non-fiction essays and short stories about Burma, such as Hanging (1931) and Shooting an Elephant (1936). John Masters wrote a book about his military experience in Burma called The Road Past Mandalay (1961). In the animated series, Nelly the Elephant, the main character of the series is on a journey to return to his home in Mandalay after leaving the circus. Mandalay Hill Mandalay Hill Gallery Maha Aungmye Bonzan Monastery in View with Mandalay Hill Another view from Mandalay Hill Mandalay Palace Watch Tower Palace mirrors (Hmannan) inside the Mandalay Palace Mahamuni Buddha, Rakhine masterpiece Mandalayan girl Shwe Kyung, the famous Monastery Atumashi Monastery View of the Sutaungpyei Pagoda in Mandalay Hill Now defunct Old Sagaing Bridge Opening Ceremony Myanmar Thingyan Festival in front of the Palace cannon Mandalay early Festival Thingyan See also The Cathedral of the Sacred Heart, Mandalay Links Bi-Eleven Weekly (In Burmese). Eleven Media Group. April 28, 2011. Census report. Myanmar's 2014 census of population and housing. 2. Naypyitau: Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. page 57. Received on April 26, 2017. Myanmar district codes. Archive from the original on December 1, 2009. Received on April 10, 2009. China's ambitions in Myanmar (July 2000). China's ambitions in Myanmar. Strategic comments by IISS. a b c d Stephen Mansfield (13 May 1999). Myanmar's Chinese connection. Japan Times. Archive from the original january 10, 2009. Received on December 25, 2008. a b c Son Pann Phinth, Min sau and Khin Su Wai (May 18-24, 2009). Mandalay celebrates its 150th anniversary. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on June 2, 2009. Received on May 23, 2009. Isaac Taylor (1898). Names and their histories: Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature (2nd rivingtons. Entrance for Ratana. ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန် (Pāḷi-Myanmar) (Burmese). Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94. Received on February 15, 2015. ^ ဦးဟုတ်စိန်. Entrance for roars. ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန် (Pāḷi-Myanmar) (Burmese). Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94. Received on February 15, 2015. a b Mandalay Palace (PDF). Office of the Archaeological Service, Burma. Received on 22 August 2006. a b Kyaw Thein (1996). Management of secondary cities in Southeast Asia. Example: Mandalay. United Nations Human Settlements Centre. UN Habitat. ISBN 9789211313130. Vincent Clarence Scott O'Connor (1907). Mandalay: And other cities of the past in Burma. Hutchinson and Co. 6-9. Herbert Tirkell White (1913). A civil servant in Burma. London: E. Arnold. Ko Yin Aung (December 23, 1999). Prospects for education in Myanmar. The new light of Myanmar. Bird, George W (1897). Wandering in Burma. London: F J Bright and son. page 254. - Axis conquers the Philippines: January 1942 - July 1942 - World War II network - Jackson, Ashley (May 10, 2006). The British Empire and World War II. page 41. ISBN 9781852854171. Mandalay is the centenary of the brand. Ebay. Received on January 25, 2009. 23,000 homeless people in Burma fire. The New York Times via Reuters. March 26, 1984. Received on January 25, 2009. Fire in Myanmar March 1984 UNDRO Information Reports 1 - 2. ReliefWeb. March 27, 1984. Archive from the original on April 29, 2011. Received on January 25, 2009. A huge fire is raging a major market in Myanmar's second-largest city. China View via Xinhua. February 25, 2008. Archive from the original on December 29, 2016. Received on January 25, 2009. Ne Nwe Mo Aung and Sithu Naing (March 2, 2009). Dry weather leads to a spike in fire outbreaks in Myanmar. —. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on December 16, 2010. Received on March 11, 2009. b Min Lwin (April 2009). Chinese road to Mandalay. Irrawaddy. a b Pun Kim Hee (2002). The political economy of China-Myanmar relations: strategic and economic aspects (PDF). The annual review of ritsumeikan international studies. Ritsumeikan University. Archive from the original (PDF) dated March 4, 2016. Received on April 11, 2009. Larkin 2006, page 12. Top 10 smart cities in Southeast Asia. Christophe Vignely; et al. Modern crust deformations around Sagaing Wine, Myanmar (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 108, November 19, 2003. 2-4. Received on January 25, 2009. b Mandalay Station (French). Meteor Climate. Received on June 11, 2016. Myanmar Climate Report (PDF). Norwegian Meteorological Institute. 26-36. Archive from the original (PDF) dated October 8, 2018. Received on October 8, 2018. World Meteorological Information Service - Mandalay. World Organization. Archive from the original on May 6, 2012. Received on February 23, 2013. Climatefel von Mandale (Mandalay) / Myanmar (Burma) (PDF). Basic climate means (1961-1990) from stations around the world (in German). Deutscher Vetterdient. Received on November 6, 2018. John Cappelen; Jensen, Jens. Myanmar - Mandalay (PDF). Climate data for selected stations (1931-1960) (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. page 188. Archive from the original (PDF) dated April 27, 2013. Received on February 23, 2013. An archival copy. Archive from the original on May 5, 2015. Received May 5, 2015.CS1 maint: Archived copy as headline (link) - Maung Maung eo (November 26, 2001). The white elephant junta's new project pays off. Irrawaddy. b Tikh aung (February 13, 2005). Mandalay divisions march to the new golden land of unity and unity. The new light of Myanmar. a b c Asian Highway in Myanmar (PDF). unescap.org. received on January 12, 2009. The Burmese economy is an obstacle to aid. The New York Times. May 29, 2008. Fyo Wai Jo (June 2, 2008). Solar pickups turn back the clock on Mandalay roads. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on April 30, 2011. Received on December 26, 2008. Fyo Wai Jo (July 30, 2007). Domestic cars take over the streets of Mandalay. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on April 30, 2011. Received on December 26, 2008. Shwe Inn Mar Eo (June 2, 2008). Motor vehicles in Myanmar. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on November 20, 2008. Received on December 26, 2008. The difficult way for Mandalay to become a smart city. b Prospects for global urbanization of the United Nations, revision 2007. United Nations Population Division. Archive from the original on December 18, 2008. Received on January 24, 2009. Forbes, Andrey; Henley, David (2011). Traders of the Golden Triangle. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B006GMID5 - Ludu Daw Amar: Speaking Truth to Power by Min zin. Irrawaddy, October 2002. Received on January 12, 2009. Riffel, Lex (2010). Myanmar/Burma: internal challenges, external interests. Brookings Institution press. 95-97. ISBN 978-0-8157-0505-5. Myanmar will launch a 2nd FM radio station in the northern city. Population Daily Internet via Xinhua. March 20, 2008. Kyau Xun and Soe Chem Linn (March 24, 2008). Mandalay receives an FM station. —. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on December 16, 2010. Received on December 24, 2008. Mandalay Media. Myanmar Network. Received on December 24, 2008. Naypyidaw to launch a new daily. Irrawaddy. December 23, 2008. The Daily Newspaper of Mandalay. Mandalay City Development Committee. November 30, 1997. Archive from the original on March 1, 2012. Received on March 23, 2020. Han Oh Khin (March 9-15, 2009). A new era for football. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on February 15, 2012. The issue HRDU Yearbook 2006 Chapter 9: Rights to Education and Health. Human Rights Documentation Group. Archive from the original on September 22, 2008. Received on September 14, 2008. - Yee May Aung (September 10, 2008). Education is concerned about the level of literacy in Burma. Dvb. Archive from the original september 14, 2008. Sandra Davis (October 13, 2008). I see no future for my two sons in Myanmar. Straits Times. PPI: Nearly half of the world's health care spending is in the United States. January 17, 2007. Archive from the original on February 5, 2008. Yasmin Anwar (June 28, 2007). Burma's junta has been accused of rampant illness. News from the University of California, Berkeley. Ai Lei Tun (June 11, 2007). Mandalay continues to play a vital role as a medical center for the upper north. —. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on July 20, 2008. Received on January 24, 2009. - Thein Win Nyo (June 11, 2007). Medical tourism gives patients options. Myanmar Times. Archive from the original on July 20, 2008. An archival copy. Archive from the original on December 5, 2008. Received October 25, 2008.CS1 maint: archival copy as headline (link) Larkin bibliography, Emma (March 6, 2006). Search for George Orwell in Burma. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-101-11812-2.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) External Wikimedia Commons links has media related to Mandalay. Wikiquote has quotes related to: Mandalay Mandalay guidebook from Wikivoyage See also nearby , the historic hill station above Mandalay Mandalay in 1885-1888 - letters from James Alfred Colbeck (PDF). Archive from the original (PDF) dated January 3, 2007. (107 KIB) SOAS Mandalay Gallery with Antiques, Colonial Views of Mandalay Mandalay, Burmese Heartland Dr. Constance Wilson, Northern Illinois University of Asian Historical Architecture - Mandalay Professor Robert D. Fiala, University of Concordia, Nebraska Mandalay Centennial Song Than Myat Soe MRTV3 Mandalay Precedes TheAmarapura Capital of Burma23 May 1859 - November 29, 1885 mandalay city map myanmar. mandalay city map pdf. mandalay city township map. mandalay city google map. mandalay city road map. mandalay city region map

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