PART NINE Unpublished Reports, Short
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Lecture 21: Glaciers and Paleoclimate Read: Chapter 15 Homework Due Thursday Nov
Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 21: Glaciers and Paleoclimate Read: Chapter 15 Homework due Thursday Nov. 12 What we’ll learn today:! 1. 1. Glaciers and where they occur! 2. 2. Compare depositional and erosional features of glaciers! 3. 3. Earth-Sun orbital parameters, relevance to interglacial periods ! A glacier is a river of ice. Glaciers can range in size from: 100s of m (mountain glaciers) to 100s of km (continental ice sheets) Most glaciers are 1000s to 100,000s of years old! The Snowline is the lowest elevation of a perennial (2 yrs) snow field. Glaciers can only form above the snowline, where snow does not completely melt in the summer. Requirements: Cold temperatures Polar latitudes or high elevations Sufficient snow Flat area for snow to accumulate Permafrost is permanently frozen soil beneath a seasonal active layer that supports plant life Glaciers are made of compressed, recrystallized snow. Snow buildup in the zone of accumulation flows downhill into the zone of wastage. Glacier-Covered Areas Glacier Coverage (km2) No glaciers in Australia! 160,000 glaciers total 47 countries have glaciers 94% of Earth’s ice is in Greenland and Antarctica Mountain Glaciers are Retreating Worldwide The Antarctic Ice Sheet The Greenland Ice Sheet Glaciers flow downhill through ductile (plastic) deformation & by basal sliding. Brittle deformation near the surface makes cracks, or crevasses. Antarctic ice sheet: ductile flow extends into the ocean to form an ice shelf. Wilkins Ice shelf Breakup http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUltAHerfpk The Greenland Ice Sheet has fewer and smaller ice shelves. Erosional Features Unique erosional landforms remain after glaciers melt. -
EU Study Week in Kazan, March 20-24, 2020 SPEAKERS’ BACKGROUND INFORMATION
EU Study Week in Kazan, March 20-24, 2020 SPEAKERS’ BACKGROUND INFORMATION Pilar BONET A Spanish journalist who has spent most of her professional career as a correspondent for the newspaper El País in Moscow. She graduated from the University of Barcelona (Hispanic Philology) and the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Information Sciences). Pilar started working as a journalist in different media of the Balearic Islands, later going to El Periódico de Catalunya. She worked for EFE agency in 1980-1982, and later became the El País paper's new head correspondent in the Soviet Union. In the following fifteen years she remained in the same location, covering the emergence and rise of the Polish trade union Solidarity, the fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification, the arrival of Mikhail Gorbachev to power in the Soviet Union, the 1991 coup d'état against him, Russia under Boris Yeltsin, and the fall of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe. In 1997, she was assigned as a correspondent to Germany, returning to Moscow in 2001. Olga BUTORINA Deputy Director at the Institute of Europe RAS, Moscow. Dr. Butorina has founded the Department of European Integration at MGIMO- University and served as Chair from 2003 through 2012. She has advised a number of government agencies and think-tanks on Russia-EU dialogue and foreign exchange policy, including the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Council for Foreign and Defense Policy, the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC), the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange and the Bank of Russia, where she serves on the Advisory Committee on currency internationalization. -
Canyon Formation Constraints on the Discharge of Catastrophic Outburst
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets RESEARCH ARTICLE Canyon formation constraints on the discharge of catastrophic 10.1002/2016JE005061 outburst floods of Earth and Mars Key Points: Mathieu G. A. Lapotre1, Michael P. Lamb1, and Rebecca M. E. Williams2 • A new model for canyon formation through waterfall retreat combines 1Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, 2Planetary flood hydraulics and erosional mechanics Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA • The model is used as a paleohydraulic tool to estimate the discharge of megafloods on Earth and Mars Abstract Catastrophic outburst floods carved amphitheater-headed canyons on Earth and Mars, and the • Compared with previous estimates, steep headwalls of these canyons suggest that some formed by upstream headwall propagation through predicted discharges are lower, fl durations higher, and water waterfall erosion processes. Because topography evolves in concert with water ow during canyon erosion, volumes are similar we suggest that bedrock canyon morphology preserves hydraulic information about canyon-forming floods. In particular, we propose that for a canyon to form with a roughly uniform width by upstream headwall retreat, erosion must occur around the canyon head, but not along the sidewalls, such that canyon width is fl fl Correspondence to: related to ood discharge. We develop a new theory for bedrock canyon formation by mega oods based M. G. A. Lapotre, on flow convergence of large outburst floods toward a horseshoe-shaped waterfall. The model is developed [email protected] for waterfall erosion by rock toppling, a candidate erosion mechanism in well fractured rock, like columnar basalt. We apply the model to 14 terrestrial (Channeled Scablands, Washington; Snake River Plain, Idaho; Citation: and Ásbyrgi canyon, Iceland) and nine Martian (near Ares Vallis and Echus Chasma) bedrock canyons and Lapotre, M. -
Washington's Channeled Scabland
t\D l'llrl,. \·· ~. r~rn1 ,uR\fEY Ut,l\n . .. ,Y:ltate" tit1Washington ALBEIT D. ROSEWNI, Governor Department of Conservation EARL COE, Dlnctor DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY MARSHALL T. HUNTTING, Supervisor Bulletin No. 45 WASHINGTON'S CHANNELED SCABLAND By J HARLEN BRETZ 9TAT• PIUHTIHO PLANT ~ OLYMPIA, WASH., 1"511 State of Washington ALBERT D. ROSELLINI, Governor Department of Conservation EARL COE, Director DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY MARSHALL T. HUNTTING, Supervisor Bulletin No. 45 WASHINGTON'S CHANNELED SCABLAND By .T HARLEN BRETZ l•or sate by Department or Conservation, Olympia, Washington. Price, 50 cents. FOREWORD Most travelers who have driven through eastern Washington have seen a geologic and scenic feature that is unique-nothing like it is to be found anywhere else in the world. This is the Channeled Scab land, a gigantic series of deeply cut channels in the erosion-resistant Columbia River basalt, the rock that covers most of the east-central and southeastern part of the state. Grand Coulee, with its spectac ular Dry Falls, is one of the most widely known features of this ex tensive set of dry channels. Many thousands of travelers must have wondered how this Chan neled Scabland came into being, and many geologists also have speculated as to its origin. Several geologists have published papers outlining their theories of the scabland's origin, but the geologist who has made the most thorough study of the problem and has ex amined the whole area and all the evidence having a bearing on the problem is Dr. J Harlen Bretz. Dr. -
INTERIOR/GEOLOGICAL SURVEY USGS· INF -72- 2 !R I) - Electric City-Grand Coulee, Washington the CHANNELED SCABLANDS of EASTERN WASHINGTON
9 INTERIOR/GEOLOGICAL SURVEY USGS· INF -72- 2 !R I) - Electric City-Grand Coulee, Washington THE CHANNELED SCABLANDS OF EASTERN WASHINGTON - The Geologic Story of the Spokane Flood- '(( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE , 1976 0 -208-172 F'or sale by the uperint.endent. of Documents, .S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.. 20402- Pric~ 70 cents Lock No. 024 - 001-02507- I nL nlog o. I 19.2: W27/6/974 There is n minimum charge of $1.00 for each mail order A trave ler enterin g th e tal f W as hington fro m th e Eas t crosses a flat-to-rolling country sid o f deep, fertil so il commonly sown with w heat. ontinuing wes twa rd , he abruptly nters a d eply scar red land o f bare bl a k ro k ut by labyrin thine ca nyons and chann el , plunge pools and ro k bas in s, ca ca de and ca tara t ledges, and di playi ng ragged buttes and li ffs, alcoves, im men e gravel bars, and giant ripple marks. Th e traveler has reached the starkly sceni " Chan neled cab lands," and this d ramatic hange in th e landscape may well ca use him to w onder " w hat happ n d here? " Th e answ er- th e grea te t fl ood documented by man. This publica tion, summari zin g th e equence of geologic events that culminated in th e so-call ed ''Spokan Fl ood," w as prepar d in res ponse to a ge neral int re t in geology and a particul ar interes t in th e o ri gin of th e Scab land o ften ex pre sed by th ose ross in g th e State of W as hington. -
Soviet Political Parties and Leadership
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: EMANCIPATION FROM DOUBLETHINK? POST- SOVIET POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERSHIP Peter Voitsekhovsky, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Vladimir Tismaneanu Department of Government and Politics This study examines the phenomenon of doublethink as a core feature of the “mental software” that continues to define the character of post-Soviet societies. It is revealed in patterns of prevarication and equivocation that characterize the thinking and behavior of both the elites and the masses. Doublethink is also manifested in incongruous values and duplicitous rules that prevail in society. It accounts for the perpetuation of simulative and fake institutions of “façade democracy.” Political parties in post-Soviet Ukraine are analyzed as a major example of simulative and imitative institutions. Here, traditional ideology-based party taxonomies prove misleading. Political parties are quasi-virtual entities with the character of “post- Orwellian political machines”: they operate in a topsy-turvy world of imitated supply and deluded demand. The study employs three levels of analysis: macro (surveys data and “Tocquevillean” observations); meso (biographical data and political discourse analysis); and micro (in-depth interviews). EMANCIPATION FROM DOUBLETHINK? POST-SOVIET POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERSHIP Peter Voitsekhovsky Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor -
Nature-Directed Approach to Hydrology and Hydraulics of Extreme Floods and Megafloods
Nature-Directed Approach to Hydrology and Hydraulics of Extreme Floods and Megafloods Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Liu, Tao Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 17:03:45 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/632582 NATURE-DIRECTED APPROACH TO HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS OF EXTREME FLOODS AND MEGAFLOODS by Tao Liu __________________________ Copyright © Tao Liu 2019 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HYDROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN HYDROLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2019 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE Tao Liu, Nature-Directed Approach to Hydrology and Hydraulics of As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation Extreme Floods and Megajloods prepared by titled and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement fo ec of Doctor of Philosophy. a� (04/08/2019) Date: (04/08/2019) Date: (04/08/2019) Date: (04/08/2019) Date: Final approva"-- �-�-�--��� of the final co 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is the time to say “thank you” to all people who have made a great contribution to this work and my time in the hydrology program. Dr. Vic Baker is the most important person for me to pursue the “Ph. -
ESCI-1510: Historical Geology 1
ESCI-1510: Historical Geology 1 ESCI-1510: HISTORICAL GEOLOGY Cuyahoga Community College Viewing: ESCI-1510 : Historical Geology Board of Trustees: February 2019 Academic Term: Fall 2021 Subject Code ESCI - Earth Science Course Number: 1510 Title: Historical Geology Catalog Description: Historical geology focuses on the evolution of land forms and life-forms through geologic time. The course includes a study of evolutionary changes occurring in plant and animal life as documented by fossil remains and the interpretation of geologic forces by means of topographic and geologic maps. Topics include plate tectonics, relative and absolute dating, fossils and fossilization, rocks and their significance as indicators of the environmental past. Emphasis will be placed on North America, dealing with the growth of continents and mountain building. To fulfill the laboratory science requirement, students should also enroll in a Historical Geology laboratory course. Credit Hour(s): 3 Lecture Hour(s): 3 Lab Hour(s): 0 Other Hour(s): 0 Requisites Prerequisite and Corequisite ENG-0985 Introduction to College Literacies, or appropriate score on English Placement Test; and ESCI-1410 Physical Geology or ESCI-1310 Physical Geography. Note: ENG-0980 Language Fundamentals I taken prior to Fall 2021 will also meet prerequisite requirements. Outcomes Course Outcome(s): Apply the principles of geology to understand the Earth's history. Essential Learning Outcome Mapping: Critical/Creative Thinking: Analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information in order to consider problems/ideas and transform them in innovative or imaginative ways. Objective(s): 1. Recognize that the Earth system is characterized by change over a variety of time scales. 2. Explain the use of minerals and rocks to decipher the Earth's history. -
Three Main Types of Rocks on the Planet and in Oregon Lesson to Grow
Lesson to Grow Three Main Types of Rocks on the Planet and in Oregon Description: This lesson builds on the student readings found Grade Level: 4-10 in Oregon’s Ancient Geology. There are three main types of rocks in the world and all are found here Essential Skills: 3, 9 in Oregon. In this lesson, students learn what the NGSS: 4-ESS2-1, 5-ESS3-1 three main types of rocks are and identify geologic events in our region that could have created these CCSS: RI.4.7, W.4.7, W.4.8 rocks. Social Sciences: 6.11, 6.12, Background: 6.13, 6.14, 7.8., 7.9, 7.10, 7.13, 1) The three student geology readings can be 8.10, HS.14, HS.15 downloaded and printed from the online lesson, Math: MP.5 Oregon’s Ancient Natural History - Time: 2-3 class periods 2) The geologic events described in these readings were capable of forming one or more of the Materials: three types of rocks on the planet - sedimentary, Student reading sheets from metamorphic, or igneous. Oregon’s Ancient Natural History online 3) All rocks on earth are formed as either igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. The diagram AITC Library Resources: to the right shows how the rocks on earth are changed from one rock type to another. Cycling Back to Nature: Soils Alive This changing of rock types is called the “Rock Cycle”. A copy of this Rock Cycle image The Soul of Soil can be downloaded from the Geology Resources section. More Lessons: Earth as an Apple and Soil Directions: Conservation Note: Prior to this lesson, students should have received a copy of the three-part readings Water Filtering and Soil on Oregon’s Ancient Geology (Columbia Basalts, Missoula Floods, and Fire & Ice) and had Soil Horizons & Below our Feet time to read the material and discuss it with their class. -
Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Workshop 11: Characteristics of the Ares Vallis Region and Field Trips in the Channeled Scabland, Washington
MARS PATHFINDER LANDING SITE WORKSHOP 11: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARES VALLIS REGION AND FIELD TRIPS IN THE CHANNELED SCABLAND, WASHINGTON r LPI Technical Report Number 95-01, Part 2 Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1 113 LPIITR--95-01, Parr 2 MARS PATHFINDER LANDING SITE WORKSHOP TI: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARES VALLIS REGION Am FIELD TRIPS TO THJ3 CHMLEDSCABLAND, WASHINGTON Edited by M. P. Golombek, K. S. Edgett, and J, W. Rice Jr. HeId at Spokane, Washington September 2630,1995 Sponsored by Arizona State Universlty Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058- 1 1 13 LPT Technical Report Number 95-01, Part 2 LPVTR--95-01,Part 2 Compiled in I995 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. MASW-4574with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for Iibrary, abstract service, education, or pwsonal research purposes; however, repuMication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written pwmissim ofthe authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This report may be cited as Gdornbek M. P., Edgett K. S. and Rice J. W. Jr., 4s. (I 995) Mars Parkfinder Landing Site Workshop If: Charac- teristics of the Ares Valallis Region and Field Trips ro he Channeled Scabland. LPI Tech. Rp!. 95-0 1, Part 2, Lunar and Planetary Institute. Houston. 47 pp. This report is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058- 1 1 13 Mail order requeslors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handing. -
Flood-Formed Dunes in Athabasca Valles, Mars: Morphology, Modeling, and Implications
Icarus 171 (2004) 68–83 www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Flood-formed dunes in Athabasca Valles, Mars: morphology, modeling, and implications Devon M. Burr a,∗,PaulA.Carlingb,RossA.Beyerc, Nicholas Lancaster d,1 a USGS Astrogeology Branch, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA b School of Geography, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK c Department of Planetary Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA d Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA Received 2 December 2003; revised 6 April 2004 Available online 11 June 2004 Abstract Estimates of discharge for martian outflow channels have spanned orders of magnitude due in part to uncertainties in floodwater height. A methodology of estimating discharge based on bedforms would reduce some of this uncertainty. Such a methodology based on the mor- phology and granulometry of flood-formed (‘diluvial’) dunes has been developed by Carling (1996b, in: Branson, J., Brown, A.G., Gregory, K.J. (Eds.), Global Continental Changes: The Context of Palaeohydrology. Geological Society Special Publication No. 115, London, UK, 165–179) and applied to Pleistocene flood-formed dunes in Siberia. Transverse periodic dune-like bedforms in Athabasca Valles, Mars, have previously been classified both as flood-formed dunes and as antidunes. Either interpretation is important, as they both imply substantial quantities of water, but each has different hydraulic implications. We undertook photoclinometric measurements of these forms, and com- pared them with data from flood-formed dunes in Siberia. Our analysis of those data shows their morphology to be more consistent with dunes than antidunes, thus providing the first documentation of flood-formed dunes on Mars. -
Russia Initiative: Reports of the Four Task Forces
Carnegie Corporation of New York Russia Initiative: Reports of the Four Task Forces THE RUSSIA INITIATIVE, A PROJECT OF CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK, IS A MULTI- DISCIPLINARY ASSESSMENT OF RUSSIA’S POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHALLENGES TODAY. 2 Contents INTRODUCTION . .5 PROJECT ON PROBLEMS OF ENGAGEMENT: RUSSIA'S SECURITY, ECONOMIC AND BANKING CRISES . .7 THE CHALLENGE OF RUSSIAN REFORM AT A TIME OF UNCERTAINTY . .39 THE RUSSIA INITIATIVE: SOCIAL COHESION . .71 THE RUSSIA INITIATIVE: RUSSIAN STATE-BUILDING: THE REGIONAL DIMENSION . .91 3 4 Introduction Carnegie Corporation has a 50-year history of association with, first, the Soviet Union, then Russia and other successor states. The Corporation’s Russia Initiative was launched in October of 1999 in the realization that, as Russia’s economic, political, military and social situation deteriorat- ed, we could not continue to conduct business as usual with respect to our grantmaking activity in that country. Further, the Russia Initiative was born in a climate of increasing “Russia fatigue” in the U.S., a malaise that led to a somewhat disingenuous debate over “who lost Russia.” As this debate continues to unfold, there is the danger that the unwarranted optimism of the post- Communist years of the early 1990s will be supplanted by an equally unjustified pessimism about Russia’s future. Under the influence of this mood swing, policymakers in both Russia and the West currently appear to be at a loss about how to interact and about what kind of relationship Russia can, or should now have, with the western world. To play at least a small role in addressing this impasse, our Russia Initiative was aimed at undertaking a comprehensive assessment of Russia’s internal developments and offering this assess- ment to policymakers and the informed public in both countries.