Land at Oldland Common Bitton South Gloucestershire

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LAND AT OLDLAND COMMON BITTON

SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT

For

STRATEGIC LAND PARTNERSHIPS

CA PROJECT: 2836 CA REPORT: 07101

SEPTEMBER 2007

LAND AT OLDLAND COMMON BITTON SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT

CA PROJECT: 2836 CA REPORT: 07101

prepared by Rosemary Blackwell (Assistant Research Officer)

date September 2007

checked by Gail Stoten (Principal Consultancy Manager)

date September 2007

approved by Gail Stoten (Principal Consultancy Manager)

signed

date September 2007

issue 03

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail: [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5

2. METHODOLOGY...... 5

3. BASELINE SURVEY...... 6

Designated Cultural Heritage Sites...... 6 Geology and the Palaeoenvironment...... 7 Previous archaeological work ...... 7 Prehistoric ...... 8 Romano-British ...... 8 Medieval...... 9 Post-medieval ...... 9 Modern...... 9 Undated ...... 10 Historic Landscape ...... 11 Historic Landscape Characterisation ...... 13

4. CONCLUSIONS...... 13

5. PROJECT TEAM ...... 14

6. REFERENCES ...... 14

APPENDIX A: GAZETTEER OF RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES...... 16

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (scale 1:25,000) Fig. 2 Known cultural heritage Fig. 3 The historic landscape (based on the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1890) Fig. 4 The probable fishpond, looking south-west Fig. 5 Well-head, view to east

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

SUMMARY

Site Name: Land at Oldland Common Location: Bitton, South Gloucestershire NGR: ST 6750 7095 Type: Desk-Based Assessment

In July 2007 Cotswold Archaeology was commissioned by Strategic Land Partnerships to carry out an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire. The objective of the assessment was to identify the nature and extent of the recorded archaeological resource within both the site and its immediate environs.

A large earthwork feature, which is probably a fishpond of medieval or post-medieval date, lies in the south-western area of the site. South Gloucestershire Council has indicated that a strategy for preserving this feature in situ would be required for any development of the site.

The line of a Roman road is thought to cross the western area of the site. Although no conclusive evidence was seen for this feature within the site on historic maps or aerial photographs aerial photographs, it is reported to have been observed during a watching brief to the south of the site. Possible marks which may relate to the road were observed in the western part of the site, as well as to the south, on aerial photographs. If the road is present within the site, there may be potential for associated contemporary features in the vicinity, although there is no evidence for this.

Undated cropmarks indicating a possible ring ditch and enclosure were seen on an aerial photograph in the eastern area of the site. Their forms suggest possible Neolithic/Bronze Age and Romano-British dates respectively, although the origin of these marks is currently uncertain, and they may not reflect the presence of archaeological deposits.

A stone-built well-head, depicted on the First Edition Ordnance Survey map, survives in the eastern area of the site. This structure is considered to be of local cultural heritage value, at most.

Two cottages were depicted in the north-western area of the site on a map of 1843. These have since been demolished, but remains of their foundations may be present below current ground levels. Any such remains are likely to be of low cultural heritage value.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

The settings of five Listed buildings in the immediate vicinity of the site, at Oldland Common and Lower Cullyhall Farm, should be considered in the development of the site.

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In July 2007, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) was commissioned by Strategic Land Partnerships to carry out an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: ST 6750 7095; Fig. 1). The objective of the assessment was to identify the nature and extent of the recorded archaeological resource within, and in the immediate environs of, the site. An analysis of the likely presence of any currently unrecorded archaeological deposits within the area of interest is also offered.

1.2 The report is structured as follows: Section 2 Methodology outlines the data sources accessed for the baseline survey and the guidelines followed during the preparation of the Desk-Based Assessment; Section 3 Baseline Survey identifies and describes the extent and character of the known archaeological and historical resource within the site and a study area of 500m around it; Section 4 Conclusions assesses the survival and importance of any such remains and the potential for previously unknown resources.

1.3 The site is approximately 17.93ha in area, and comprises five fields currently under pasture.

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 This assessment has been guided by the Standard and Guidance for Desk-Based Assessments issued by the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA 2001). The baseline survey involved consultation of readily available archaeological and historical information from documentary and cartographic sources. The major repositories of information consulted comprised:

English Heritage  County list of Scheduled Monuments for England  Register of Parks and Gardens of Historic Interest  Register of Historic Battlefields  List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

South Gloucestershire Historic Environments Record  List of known archaeological sites and findspots within the county

Gloucestershire Archives  Historic maps and documents

National Monuments Record (English Heritage, Swindon)  Vertical and oblique aerial photographic records  Published and unpublished documentary sources

2.2 All points of cultural heritage interest found in the baseline survey are located on Fig. 2. The gazetteer (Appendix A) correlates points of interest with their reference number on the SGHER, as well as any other relevant statutory designation or status. Points of interest are marked in bold in the body of the text thus, 00.

2.3 A site visit was made on 16 August 2007 in order to examine current land use and topography, and to assess the visible cultural heritage resource of the site.

2.4 At the request of David Evans (archaeological advisor to South Gloucestershire), investigation was undertaken into reports that Bristol University previously excavated part of a Roman Road in the vicinity of the site (see Previous Archaeological Work below).

2.5 The following section, Baseline Survey, identifies, in chronological order, the recorded archaeological resource within the site and its immediate vicinity.

3. BASELINE SURVEY

Designated Cultural Heritage Sites 3.1 There are no Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens or Registered or Proposed Battlefields and Battle Sites within the site or study area. Twelve Grade II Listed buildings are present within study area, none of which lie within the site. These are discussed in the chronological sections, below.

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Geology and the Palaeoenvironment 3.2 The solid geology of the site comprises Keuper Marl of the Triassic Period, with an area of sandstone on the north-western edge of the site.

Previous archaeological work 3.3 Five programmes of archaeological works have taken place within the study area, none of which have investigated the site itself. Works in the study area comprise:  A watching brief carried out in 1968 100m to the south-west of the site, which did not identify remains associated with a Roman Road marked on the Ordnance Survey map (Fig. 2, 1; CBA 1968, 17);  Two watching briefs carried out in 1978 to the south-west of the site, for which there are no reports of any finds or features being uncovered (Fig. 2, 2 and 3; SGHER).  A watching brief 350m to the west of the site in 1978 which recovered prehistoric flints (Fig. 2, 4; SGHER).  Two watching briefs carried out at St Anne’s Church, 450m to the west of the site, in 2000 and 2004, which only uncovered modern material (Fig. 2, 5; AAU 2000 and BaRAS 2004).

Bristol University excavation of the Berkley Street-Bitton Roman Road 3.4 At the request of David Evans (archaeological advisor to South Gloucestershire) investigations were made into reports that Bristol University had previously investigated part of the Roman Road (running from Berkeley Street to Bitton) in the vicinity of the site (Fig. 2, 6; SGHER). This initial information had been supplied to David Evans by Sharon Robbins (Clerk, Bitton Parish Council), based on communication with Dave Britton (Bitton Parish Council). The year and nature of the work is not known (Dave Britton, pers. comm.), and it is not recorded on the SGHER or the NMRAD.

3.5 Enquiries were made to Bristol University but they were unable to identify the work in question. Mark Horton (Reader in Archaeology, Bristol University, pers. comm.) suggested that it might have been a MA project, and that such work would have been survey rather than excavation. Bristol University do not generally keep records of MA investigations, and were not able to locate any records with the information available (Naomi Baker, Course Administrator, Bristol University, pers. comm.). Staff involved with MA projects could not recall the work in question (Paula Gardiner,

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Lecturer in Archaeology, Bristol University and Stuart Prior, Lecturer in Archaeological Practice, Bristol University, pers. comm.). A preliminary examination of MA reports held at Bristol University by Paul Driscoll (HER Assistant, South Gloucestershire) has not identified the work in question (pers. comm.).

3.6 Enquiries were also made to local historian Ian Bishop, who was not aware of any such investigation (pers. comm.). Malcolm Bridge, a South Gloucestershire Councillor, who is also interested in local history, did not know of any excavation undertaken by Bristol University at this location (pers. comm.).

3.7 It was considered possible that the work in question could be the 1968 watching brief recorded to the south of the site (Fig. 2, 1). However, discussion with Mike Ponsford, who undertook the work, revealed that this work was not associated with Bristol University (pers. comm.).

3.8 In summary, it was not possible to identify records of an investigation of the Berkley Street to Bitton Roman Road by Bristol University in the vicinity of the site.

Prehistoric 3.9 One possible prehistoric site lies within the study area. As mentioned above, flints of prehistoric date were uncovered during a watching brief 350m to the west of the site in 1978 (Fig. 2, 4; SGHER). These comprise a Late Neolithic or Bronze Age arrowhead and a scraper or knife.

Romano-British 3.10 The line of a Roman road (running from Berkeley Street to Bitton) is postulated by the SGHER to pass through the western side of the site (Fig. 2, 6; SGHER). This has not been confirmed by excavation within the site. The route and date of the road have been confirmed by excavation 5.5 km to the north (not shown on Fig. 2, AAU 1994). A wide linear mark was seen to the south of the site on an aerial photograph (Fig. 3), but this may have been the remnant of a former field boundary, as might a fainter linear mark further to the north, within the site (Fig. 3).

3.11 Several Roman coins were found 200m to the west of the site (Fig. 2, 7; SGHER). These included a medallion of Valentinian and several denarii of Arcadius.

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Medieval 3.12 One site of known medieval date lies in the study area. This is the site of a 15th- century church 500m to the west of the site (Fig. 2, 8; SGHER), around which there was presumably settlement. There are records of a chapel being present on this site from 1280 (SGHER). The later mill, 450m to the west of the site may have had a medieval precursor (Fig. 2, 9; SGHER).

Post-medieval 3.13 Three Grade II Listed buildings of post-medieval date lie within the study area. These include the mill building mentioned above (Fig. 2, 9; EH), which was constructed in the late 18th century. Cullyhall Farmhouse (Fig. 2, 10; EH), which was constructed c. 1700, and its garden walls and gate piers (Fig. 2, 11; EH), which are 18th-century in date. Cullyhall Farm is located approximately 200m to the east of the site.

Modern 3.14 The majority of the sites recorded in the study area are modern in date. Many of these relate to transport routes which served the eastern fringe of Bristol, where several collieries were present. The line of the now-disused Avon and Gloucester Railway, which opened in 1832, defines part of the north-western edge of the site (Fig. 2, 12; NMRAD). This was a horse-drawn tramway, or dramway. Associated features include a tramway bridge, now retained as a store (Fig. 2, 13; SGHER), a tunnel (Fig. 2, 14; SGHER) and some Grade II Listed retaining walls, causeway and bridge (Fig. 2, 15; SGHER).

3.15 The Midland Railway, which opened 1869 and closed in 1966, lies to the west of the site (Fig. 2, 16; SGHER, NMRAD). This has been partly re-opened as the Bristol Suburban Steam Railway. Oldland Common Station was located on this line, to the north of the site (Fig. 2, 17; NMRAD, SGHER), and is now the headquarters building of the steam railway.

3.16 A second tramway was present to the north of the site, which was in operation in 1882 (Fig. 2, 18; SGHER). This was carried over the Midland Railway by a bridge (Fig. 2, 19; SGHER).

3.17 A turnpike cottage which lies to the south-west of the site, is a Grade II Listed building (Fig. 2, 20; EH). A milestone is present to the east of the road which is now

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

the A4175 (Fig. 2, 21; NMRAD). This may have been moved from its original location (SGHER).

3.18 Several other modern sites are present within the built-up area to the west of the site, which mostly comprises modern housing developments. These include the Church of St Anne, which was constructed in 1829-30 (Fig. 2, 22; EH); St Anne’s Vicarage, which was constructed 20 years later (Fig. 2, 23; EH); and the gateway and doors to St Anne’s Vicarage (Fig. 2, 24; EH), all of which are Grade II Listed. Two watching briefs in the vicinity of these buildings in 2000 and 2004 uncovered no features predating the modern period (Fig. 2, 5; AAU 200, BaRAS 2004).

3.19 Other modern sites present to the west of the site comprise the site of Hole Lane Colliery (Fig. 2, 25; SGHER), a small area of former parkland to the south of the site (Fig. 2, 26; SGHER), Oldland United Reformed Church (Grade II Listed, Fig. 2, 27; SGHER), and Oldland Methodist Church (Fig. 2, 28; SGHER) and Oldland National School (Grade II Listed, Fig. 2, 29; SGHER).

3.20 The area to the east of the site is or more rural character. Buildings recorded there comprise a barn (Fig. 2, 30; EH) and an out-building (Fig. 2, 31; EH) at Lower Cullyhall Farm, which are Grade II Listed, and a barn at Upper Cullyhall Farm (Fig. 2, 32; SGHER). The sites of modern quarries and sand pits are present within the rural and built-up parts of the study area (Fig. 2, 33-37; SGHER).

Undated 3.21 A currently undated site lies in the south-western part of the site (Fig. 2, 38); an earthwork of uncertain function. It was first recorded in 1962 by the Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division and comprises a 10m wide ditch, square in plan, measuring 60m by 60m externally (Russell 1997, 19). This encloses a central square platform, which contains a depression 28m square. There are traces of an external (i.e. non-defensive) bank outside the ditch.

3.22 Several theories have been proposed as to its purpose since the recognition of the feature, including a Roman camp, due to its location straddling the Roman road, and an industrial feature. The latter interpretation was suggested by finds of slag and pottery of the 18th and 19th centuries recovered from the surface of the monument (Russell 1997, 19) and the fact that the field in which it was located was the only one

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

of the farm which the previous owner retained mineral rights over (NMRAD). Another interpretation was a medieval cattle enclosure (Russell 1982, 22).

3.23 Documentary research has since suggested a different use for this monument. The copy of the Bitton Tithe Map of 1843, held by Gloucester Archives, labels this feature as Coppice, but the field to the north is called Fishpool Leaze. This has been interpreted as suggesting that the feature might be a fishpond of medieval or post- medieval date, with a central pond linked to an outer moat-like channel (Russell 1997, 19). It can be noted that Russell (1997) examined the copy of the map held in the Bristol Record office which apparently labels the feature as Fishpool Leaze and the area to the north as Coppice.

3.24 One other undated site is recorded on the SGHER within the study area. This is the site of some buildings of uncertain date, 200m to the north of the site (Fig. 2, 39; SGHER).

3.25 Undated cropmarks were visible in the eastern area of the site on aerial photographs of 1946 and 1955 (Fig. 2, 40, Fig. 3). These appear to comprise a rectilinear enclosure and a possible ring-ditch. Ring-ditches frequently mark the former locations of barrows, funerary monuments which commonly date to the Late Neolithic or Bronze Age. Rectilinear enclosures sometimes date to the Romano- British period, although other dates or a non-archaeological origin for the feature are possible.

Historic Landscape 3.26 The earliest readily available map to depict the site is the Bitton Tithe Map of 1843. Information from the Tithe Map has been transposed onto Fig. 3, based on the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1890. As discussed above, the fieldname Fishpool Leaze may suggest an origin for the undated feature in the south-western area of the site. Two fields have the element Park in their name, although no park features are depicted in this area, with the possible exception of the fishpond. Some small buildings are depicted in the north-western corner of the site, and the fieldname for the enclosure in which they lay was Strip/Cottages and Garden. The name Home Leaze is likely to relate to the buildings of Park Farm, which are excluded from the site.

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

3.27 Park Farm, around which the western edge of the site bends, was depicted on the Tithe Map, although at that time it comprised two agricultural buildings with an orchard to the east. The current farmhouse did not appear to have been constructed then.

3.28 Where hedgerows survive along boundaries depicted on the Tithe Map, they may be considered of some historic interest by the Local Authority, although they are without statutory protection under the Hedgerow Regulations (1997) (Fig. 3).

3.29 The First Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1890 shows that several boundaries had been removed from the southern central area of the site and that the cottages had been demolished in the north-western part. A small pond is depicted on the western edge of the site, with the milestone mentioned above between it and the road (Fig. 2, 21, Fig. 3). A small rectangular structure is depicted in the north-eastern area of the site. A well-head, comprising a small stone structure, with an opening in its western elevation, was identified in this location (Figs. 3 and 5; Peter Beale, pers. comm.). No changes are depicted on the Second Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1904.

3.30 The remains of ridge and furrow earthworks were visible within the site on aerial photographs of the 1940s and 1950s, the alignments of which have been transposed onto Fig. 3. These earthworks, which may date to the medieval or post- medieval periods, are no longer extant. Interestingly, faint lines which may indicate former ridge and furrow earthworks appear to underlie the probable fishpond in the south-western area of the site, perhaps corroborating a medieval or later date for this feature.

3.31 A small electrical substation, which lies in the north-western area of the site, is first visible on aerial photographs of 1955. The large chicken shed on the western edge of the site, to the south of Park Farm, was first visible on photographs of 1962.

3.32 No definite evidence of the Roman road was visible within the site on aerial photographs, but a wide linear mark was visible to the south, leading to the south- western corner (Fig. 3). This may have been the remnants of a field boundary which was visible in this location on the Tithe Map of 1843. Two probable former field boundaries were visible as feint linear marks within the site on aerial photographs, the western one of which could conceivably relate to the Roman road (Fig. 3).

12 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Historic Landscape Characterisation 3.33 The Historic Landscape Characterisation data for Avon (including South Gloucestershire) was compiled in the 1990s. This designated the southern area of the site as “post-medieval designed ornamental landscape” (English Heritage approved category). This designation appears to be broadly based upon the occurrence of the place name Park Farm, and adjacent fields. The Tithe Apportionment Register records two fields within the site with Park in their name. However, with the possible exception of the putative fishpond (Fig. 2, 38), no park features have been identified within the site.

4. CONCLUSIONS

4.1 A large earthwork feature, which is probably a fishpond of medieval or post-medieval date, lies in the south-western area of the site. In an email of 18 July 2007 addressed to Richard Young, David Evans of South Gloucestershire Council indicated that a strategy for preserving this feature in situ would be required for any development of the site.

4.2 The line of a Roman road is thought to cross the western area of the site. No conclusive evidence was seen for this feature within the site. A linear mark was observed on aerial photographs to the south of the site, and a faint linear mark was seen within the western part of the site itself. These may have been the remnants of former field boundaries rather than traces of the road. If the Roman road was present within the site, there may be potential for associated contemporary features in the vicinity, although there is no evidence for this.

4.3 Undated cropmarks indicating a possible ring ditch and enclosure were seen on an aerial photograph in the eastern part of the site. The origin of these marks is uncertain, and they need not necessarily have an archaeological origin. If archaeological, their form suggests possible Neolithic/Bronze Age and Romano- British dates.

4.4 A stone-built well-head, recorded on 19th-century maps, survives in the eastern area of the site. This is considered to be of local archaeological importance, at best.

13 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Oldland Common, Bitton, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

4.5 Historic maps show that two cottages were present in the north-western area of the site. These have since been demolished, but remains of their foundations may be present below current ground levels. Any such remains are likely to be of local archaeological importance.

4.6 The settings of the Oldland United Reformed Church and the buildings at Lower Cullyhall Farm, which are Grade II Listed, should be considered in the development of the site, although Lower Cullyhall Farm is screened from most of the site by vegetation.

5. PROJECT TEAM

5.1 The project was researched and the report produced by Gail Stoten, and illustrated by Jemma Elliot. The project was managed by Neil Holbrook.

6. REFERENCES

AAU (Avon Archaeological Unit) 1994 Shortwood Northern Link, Shortwood, Avon, Archaeological Watching Brief, typescript report 9735

AAU (Avon Archaeological Unit) 2000 St Anne’s Church, Oldland, Bristol, Archaeological observations and recording project, typescript report

BaRAS (Bristol and Region Archaeological Services) 2004 Archaeological watching brief at St Anne’s Church Vestry, Oldland Common, South Gloucestershire, typescript report no. 2004.46

CBA (Council for British Archaeology) 1968 Group 12 (Wessex) and Group 13 (South West) Archaeological Review No. 3, 17

Russell, J 1982 ‘The archaeology of the Kingswood area’ in Avon Past 7, 17-25

Russell, J 1997 “Two earthworks in the parish of Bitton,” in Bristol and Avon Archaeology, 14, 17-19

Cartographic sources

1843 Bitton Parish Tithe Map and Apportionment GRO 1890 1st Edition OS 6” series, map sheet 76NE 1904 2nd Edition OS 6” series, map sheet 76NE GRO: Gloucestershire Records Office

Photographic sources

14/04/1946 NMR Library no. 282

14/08/1947 NMR Library no. 714

22/01/1948 NMR Library no. 762

14/05/1955 NMR Library no. 1634

09/06/1962 NMR Library no. 21184

APPENDIX A: GAZETTEER OF RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

KEY: PH = Prehistoric; Neo = Neolithic; BA = Bronze Age; IA = Iron Age; Rom = Roman; RB = Romano- British; Sax = Saxon; Med = medieval; PM = post-medieval; MOD = modern.

No. Description Period Status NGR SMR ref. Source (all ST) NMRAD ref. 1 Watching brief in 1968 - - 6740 7070 656012 NMRAD 2 Watching brief in 1978 - - 6710 7056 12812 SGHER 3 Watching brief in 1978 - - 6700 7020 12813 SGHER 4 Watching brief in 1978 PH - 6692 7087 12810 SGHER 5 Watching briefs in 2000 and MOD - 6690 7120 1367195 NMRAD 2004 at St Anne’s Church 6 Roman road from Berkeley Rom - Linear 1325762 NMRAD Street to Bitton 7 Findspot of Roman coins Rom - 6720 7130 201347 NMRAD 8 Site of a medieval church Med - 6687 7117 13859 SGHER 9 St Anne’s Lodge, former mill PM, Grade 6690 7103 2304 EH, SGHER possibly II Med Listed 10 Cullyhall Farmhouse PM Grade 6087 7086 8613 EH, SGHER II Listed 11 Walls and gate piers at PM Grade 6087 7083 28633 EH, SGHER Cullyhall Farmhouse II Listed 12 Avon and Gloucester Railway Mod - 6655 6939 5928,201360 SGHER, (tramway) NMRAD 13 Tramway bridge Mod - 6785 7172 3416 SGHER 14 Tramway tunnel Mod - 6698 7090 3417 SGHER 15 Tramway, retaining walls, Mod Grade 6680 7090 - EH junction with California Incline, II causeway and bridge over Listed Siston Brook 16 Midland Railway Mod - Linear 4769, 201361 NMRAD, SGHER 17 Oldland Common Station Mod - 6760 7170 5098, 499429 NMRAD, SGHER 18 Section of tramway Mod - 6760 7186 12971 SGHER 19 Tramway bridge over the Mod - 6768 7100 12974 SGHER Midland Railway 20 Turnpike Cottage Mod Grade 6733 7066 1443, SGHER II 1182033 Listed 21 Milestone Mod - 6731 7100 17165 SGHER 22 Church of St Anne Mod Grade 6687 7117 12607 EH, SGHER II Listed 23 St Anne’s Vicarage Mod Grade 6684 7115 12608 EH, SGHER II Listed 24 Gateway and doors to St Mod Grade 6687 7113 12609 EH, SGHER Anne’s Vicarage II Listed 25 Hole Lane Colliery Mod - 6780 7083 1440 SGHER 26 Garden at the Lons, Bath Mod - 6744 7017 10296 SGHER Road 27 Oldland United Reformed Mod Grade 6737 7128 10648 SGHER Church II Listed 28 Oldland Common Methodist Mod 6722 7152 10647 SGHER Church 29 Oldland National School Mod Grade 6712 7115 12566 SGHER, EH

II Listed 30 Barn to north-west of Lower Mod Grade 6782 7089 5414 EH, SGHER Cullyhall Farmhouse II Listed 31 Outbuilding to the north-east of Mod Grade 6784 7089 - EH Lower Cullyhall Farm II Listed 32 Barn at Upper Cullyhall Farm Mod - 6810 7078 5415 SGHER 33 Site of sand pits Mod - 6794 7032 14691 SGHER 34 Site of quarry Mod - 6694 7140 15223 SGHER 35 Site of quarry Mod - 6695 77112 15222 SGHER 36 Probable site of quarry Mod - 6684 7099 16275 SGHER 37 Site of quarry Mod - 6692 7097 16264 SGHER 38 Site of probable fishpond Und, - 6734 7083 1442,201341 SGHER, probably NMRAD, Med/PM Russell 1997 39 Site of building Und - 6757 7155 9535 SGHER 40 Undated cropmarks Und - 6760 7085 - Aerial photograph

17 Reproduced from the 2005 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office N c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust 100002109

Site

0 2.5km

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE Oldland Common South Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE South Site Location Plan Gloucestershire

DRAWN BYSCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. JE 1:25,000@A4 2836 1 N 1km 2 2836

32 680 ARCHAEOLOGY

11 1:10,000@A4

30 SCALE COTSWOLD

18 JE Oldland Common South Gloucestershire Known cultural heritage

19 PROJECT TITLE FIGURE TITLE DRAWN BYDRAWN PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO.

27 1

21 0 Prehistoric Roman medieval post-medieval modern undated

14 670670

35 map with the permission map with

4 22,23,24

15 site study area archaeological previous investigations II Listed building Grade 2005 Ordnance Survey Explorer Survey 2005 Ordnance 0 0 1 2 c 7107710 Reproduced from the Reproduced Stationery of Her Majesty's The Controller Office of on behalf Survey of Ordnance 100002109 Trust Archaeological Cotswold copyright Crown 720 7207 Based on the FIrst Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1890 N

JENNINGS MEAD well-head

STRIP/COTTAGES AND GARDEN INNOX LONG PADDOCK

LONG PADDOCK

THE PADDOCK milestone

HOME LEAZE

BROAD MEAD FISH POOL LEAZE

LITTLE PATCH COPPICE

PARK PIECE PART OF LOWER CAINS

LOWER CAINS

site ridge and furrow earthworks COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY (removed) indicative of direction only boundary depicted 1843 PROJECT TITLE (extant) earthwork Oldland Common boundary depicted 1843 undated cropmark South Gloucestershire (removed) FIGURE TITLE undated cropmark or soilmark The historic landscape 1890 pond depicted 1890 possible former field boundaries (removed) seen on aerial photographs DRAWN BYSCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. hedgerow of some historic interest JE n/a 2836 3 4

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY 4 The probable fishpond, looking south-west PROJECT TITLE Oldland Common South Gloucestershire 5 Well-head, view to east FIGURE TITLE Photographs

DRAWN BYSCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. RK n/a 2836 4 & 5