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General Geology of the Jackson Mountains Humboldt County, Nevada

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General Geology of the Jackson Mountains Humboldt County, Nevada General Geology of the Jackson Mountains Humboldt County, Nevada By RONALD WILLDEN CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1141-D Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Bureau of Mines UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Abstract- _________________________________________________________ Dl Introduction. -_-------__-_--_-____________________________________ 2 Location and accessibility ..........^........................... 2 Physical features______________________________________________ 3 Climate._____________________________________________________ 4 Acknowledgments..____________________________________________ 5 Previous work-________________________________________________ 5 Geologic setting__-----___---_---__________________________________ 6 Permian or older rocks_____________________________________________ 8 Happy Creek volcanic series_____________________________________ 8 Permian and Triassic rocks undivided.___-__-_______________________'_ 11 Triassic rocks_____________________________________________________ 13 Unnamed limestone..__________________________________________ 13 Unnamed phyllite__ __--_-__-______---____-____________-_-____- 14 Jurassic rocks.____________________________________________________ 14 Diorite. __________________'____________________________________ 14 Regional metamorphism____________________________________________ 17 Cretaceous rocks---_--__-----------___---_-__-_---_--__-_-----__-- 17 King Lear formation---...--________________"___________________ 18 Cretaceous or Tertiary rocks..______________________________________ 22 Pansy Lee conglomerate._._____________________________________ 22 Diorite. ______________________________________________________ 24 Granodiorite._---____-_-_--________--____-_---________----_--_ 26 Tertiary rocks______-___'______-________-______-__________-_-_____ 29 Dacite porphyry.._____________________________________________ 30 Microdacite intrusives..________________________________________ 30 Dacite flows________________--____--_____-_-_____-____-_--___- 31 Tuff unit_ _ ___________________________________________________ 32 Conglomerate.________________________________________________ 32 Basalt.___-.____..______________.___..._.____.....____.-_..__. 34 Sedimentary rocks.____________________________________________ 35 Rhyolite.. __..__.___..._._.__._____.___......._._._._._......_ 37 Quaternary deposits..____-_____-_-__._-_-__._-____-____.___---_--- 37 Gravel. ..........................^..^......................... 37 Older alluvium..______________________________________________ 38 Younger alluvium and lake sediments.___________________________ 38 Structure. ________________________________________________________ 38 General statement.____________________________________________ 38 Folds._-_---._.--:-...-.-..-.---..__---_-____.-------.-_- 40 Faults .____-__:__^___________________-_-_____-__--_---_--- 40 Pre-Triassic deformation________________________________________ 40 Pre-Cretaceous deformation._________._____________-_____----__- 41 Folds. .. .____.:_._____________-.._..__.._.._._.....--_... 41 Faults...... _-_.___.-..___-__..._._.___._._......----._..- 42 Intrusive activity..._.---.--------._-_-.----_.-.---_--.-.-- 43 m IV CONTENTS Structure Continued Page Cretaceous and possibly early Tertiary deformation._______________ D43 Folds._-__-------_-_-----_----_--_-_-------------------_- 43 Faults. _ _.--__-____----_____----_---_---_-___.--___-_.____ 44 Deer Creek thrust.____.______________---______--_-_____.__ 44 Intrusive activity-_-__---__------------------___---__-__-__ 46 Regional significance of Late Cretaceous and possibly early Tertiary orogeny.__-_-___-_____--__---______-_____--____ 46 Late Tertiary deformation._____________________________________ 47 Folds.___--.....-----_---__-----------_-._.----_--_--___- 47 Faults..---__-----_-------_----------------_--------_-_--- 47 Origin of the Jackson Mountains as a topographic feature._____ 51 Ore deposits______________________________________________________ 52 Iron deposits._________________________________________________ 53 Origin-_-_--_-_-------_---------------;-__--------_----__- 54 Copper deposits.______________________________________________ 57 Quicksilver deposits.___________________________________________ 58 Geologic history___________________________________________________ 58 References cited.__________________i_-_-___--_-___________________- 60 Index___---___-_-------_-_-_------------------------------------- 63 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. General geologic map and structure sections of the Jackson Mountains' Nev. 2. Correlation of the Permian and Triassic rocks of the Jackson Moun­ tains and nearby areas in Humboldt County, Nev. 3. Suggested correlation of the Tertiary rocks in the Jackson Mountains and other areas in Humboldt County. Nev. Page FIGURE 1. Index map._____________________________________________ D3 2. Generalized geology of northwestern Nevada.______________ 7 3. Happy Creek volcanic series in the headwaters of Happy Creek_______________________________________________ 8 4. Breccia of andesite from Happy Creek volcanic series. ______ 11 5. Basal conglomerate of King Lear formation ________________ 20 6. Specimens of granodiorite-__-__----_____-___---_---_____- 28 7. Specimen of Tertiary conglomerate--.------------.-------- 33 8. Dissected alluvial fans_____-_________-_______---_____--- 39 9. Deer Creek thrust- _____________________________________ 45 10. Gravity profile south end Jackson Mountains_____-_.___-__ 49 11. Gravity and topographic profiles across north end of Jackson Mountains.___-_________________---______-___--___--- 50 12. Aerial magnetic map of northeast part of Jackson Mountains, 51 13. Specimen of congolmerate from the King Lear formation. _ _ _ 55 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE JACKSON MOUNTAINS, HUMBOLDT COUNTY, NEVADA By RONALD WILLDEN ABSTRACT The rocks exposed in the Jackson Mountains, a prominent range near the center of Hurnboldt County, Nev., record the effects of a Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary orogeny. Such an orogeny has been assumed to have affected all of the Great Basin, but the rock record is sufficiently complete to provide positive dating in only a few areas, such as the Jackson Mountains. The oldest rocks in the range are the Permian or earlier volcanic rocks of the Happy Creek volcanic series, which make up most of the northern half of the range. In a few places the Happy Creek volcanic series grades upward into undivided Permian and Triassic rocks, which consist of interbedded clas­ tic sedimentary rocks, mafic volcanic rocks, and some shaly and 'siliceous limestone. The Happy Creek volcanic series is also overlain by an unnamed predominantly limestone unit of Triassic age. A phyllite and slate unit of probable Triassic age is in fault contact with the Permian and Triassic un­ divided rocks. At several other localities the Happy Creek volcanic rocks are overlain by the King Lear formation of Early Cretaceous age or by the Pansy Lee conglomerate of Cretaceous or Tertiary age; these two units are of chief importance in dating the Cretaceous and possibly early Tertiary erogenic events. The King Lear formation consists of locally derived pebble and boulder conglomerate and interbedded siltstone and graywacke, and lenses of limestone. The Pansy Lee conglomerate is a pebble conglomerate with considerable interbedded coarse-grained sandstone. The pebbles consist of chert and quartz- ite completely unlike rocks now exposed in the Jackson Mountains. Dioritic rocks were intruded both before and after the King Lear formation was deposited. Granodioritic intrusive bodies in the range cut rocks no younger than Triassic, but the granodiorite is believed to be of Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age. Tertiary intrusive and extrusive volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks are widely distributed along the east side and south end of the range. The most extensive tectonic feature of the Jackson Mountains is the Deer Creek thrust, which is discontinuously exposed from Rattlesnake Canyon northeastward to the north side of Deer Creek Peak. The thrust has brought the Happy Creek volcanic series over the King Lear and Pansy Lee forma­ tions, and is thus of Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age. An earlier period of possible Cretaceous deformation is shown by a north­ eastward-plunging syncline in the King Lear formation on the southeast side of King Lear Peak. Dl D2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY Pre-Cretaceous deformation is shown by a tight fold in limestone of the undivided Permian and Triassic unit beneath the King Lear formation at the mouth of Rattlesnake Canyon. The late Tertiary deformation was almost exclusively a response to verti­ cal stresses, which generally produced high-angle faults rather than folds. The range has probably been uplifted principally by displacement on faults that are buried beneath the alluvium some distance to the east and west of the range. Ore deposits in the range include some small but high-grade iron deposits, some low-grade quicksilver deposits, and some small copper prospects. The iron occurs in veins that cut the Happy Creek volcanic series or as replacement bodies near the contact between diorite and the Happy
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