Integrating SDG into national policies and programmes: country priorities in infrastructure development in urban areas

Padma K Mainalee Deputy Director General Department of Urban Development and Building Construction Contents

Contents

1. Background

2. Case of National Urban Development Strategy 2017

3. Use of Urban Infrastructure Condition Index – UICI And Urban Livability Index – ULI

4. Conclusion – the way forward

Sustainable Development means Economic Development that is socially responsive and environmentally sustainable – Prof. Jeffrey Sachs Urban system: Regional Context

Background Regional Urban System - Schematic

Background ’s Improvements in HDI 2001-2011 0.700 0.630 0.650 0.612 0.600 0.572 0.567 0.550 0.553 0.541 0.536 0.532 0.550 0.5810.517 0.518 0.5290.518 0.502 0.547 0.492 0.500 0.474 0.4450.4500.500 0.488 0.489 0.491 0.494 0.450 0.471 0.477 0.452 0.451 0.4400.450 0.400 0.425 0.417 0.403 0.350 0.3470.355 0.300

0.250

E Hill E

C Hill C

Rural

Nepal

W Hill W

Urban

E Tarai E

C Tarai C

FW Hill FW

W Tarai W

MW Hill MW

FW Tarai FW

MW Tarai MW

E Mountain E

C Mountain C

W Mountain W

FW Mountain FW MW Mountain MW 2001 2011 Background HDI status in 5x3 regions = 15 regions (2011)

Policy Landscape on sustainability, resiliency and governance

New Constitution 1996 1998 2007 2012 2015/16 Issue identification -----Solving techniques -----Policy Guide and Maturity ---- National Agenda Housing for all Dev. New Habitat II Com Act National Constituti Settlement Urban on; Development policy Policy National Town Urban Dev. Act Dev Strategy Cities for all

Local Revised National Self National shelter Governa Shelter nce Act Habitat Policy Policy III Inclusive Cities: Resilient Communities National Urban Policy 2007

Priority in Regional investment, UR inter linkages, PPP a balanced national urban system Through this National Economic Center policy we Utilization of local resource through economic activities, safe and prosperous urban environment recognize compacting settlements, jobs Regional Economic Center effective urban management Investment in Institutional capacity building Governance and in for planning and Intermediate Growth Center infrastructure implementation, common infrastructure, integrated urban Corridors and planning and monitoring valleys as planning Population Growth system unit

Population in 2001 Empowerment packages to Taklakot Liji Riyu municipality to Khasa Simikot Kerung enhance OSR and Jomsom Rasuwa for urban Khadbari governance Kalikot Dasarathchand Pokhara Valley

Jogbani Gaurifanta Raxual Rupedia Nautanuwa

Adapted but not updated National Urban Development Strategy 2017

SUSTAINABILITY

URBAN GOVERNANCE

URBAN URBAN INCLUSIVITY SYSTEM INFRASTR. RESILIENCE

URBAN URBAN URBAN FINANCE DEVELOPMENT LAND URBAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY

URBAN INVESTMENT GREEN EFFICIENCY (asset & technology) (in service delivery)

NUDS approaches urban development as 4 thematic sectors and 4 mechanisms for implementation, with 5 guiding principles Urban Resilience: Approach of NUDS 2017

Physical Social Mason Training (50%) of the municipal wards are Building Code: Mobilized with Municipal Wards 12 out of 217 municipalities have enforced National Building Code with citizen committees.

Building codeHouseholds in Local authority Social capital at community level

Households Resilience 26.5%

26.5% 0.75% Disaster management component in periodic 0.75% Ratnanagar plan since 2009 only. Non-Poor municipalities with Earthquake Risk 40.7% Non-Poor Reduction Program. 40.7% Vulnerable Group Vulnerable Group 32.0% 4 out of 58 previous municipalities have Risk 32.0% PoorPoor Hazard Maps. ExtremelyExtremely Poor Poor Population Institutional EconomicPopulation Emerging poverty pattern Post-disaster plans

24.2% Urban investments24.2% – as it houses density, heterogeneity, and economies!! 0.73% 40.9% 0.73% 40.9%

34.2%

34.2% Kathmandu Valley: Strategies

Promote environment and tourism friendly economic functions

Institutionalize urban regeneration program in historic core areas tied 2011 with the local economy

Mainstream informal urban economy

2000

De-concentrate environmentally incompatible industries. 1991

1978 JICA, 2012 Investment : Infrastructure Deficit

Investment Required Total NRs 1,253 billion Total W/O New Road Const. NRs 756 billion

Description 58 Municipalities 133 Municipalities New Roads 151,973 345,560 Upgradation of Roads 96,146 173,460 Piped WS Connection 9,019 10,169 Toilets Construction 1,731 4,371 Electricity 652 1,917 Landfill Site 743 683 Storm Drainage 75,129 188,886 Sewerage 37,502 155,910 Total 372,895 880,956 Amount in NRs Millions Why Investment in Urban Areas…? GDP contribution

GDP contribution of municipality and VDC GDP contribution of the ecological regions

6% Mountain 33% UrbanMunicipality 45% Hills RuralVDC 49% 67% Tarai

GDP contribution of the development regions GDP contribution of the defined regions

50 45 40 40 35 30 30 25 20 20 15 10 10 5 0 0 Eastern Central Western Mid-Western Far Western Ktm. Pkh. Hill Mountain Tarai Inner Valley Valley Tarai UR relations, jobs creation, demographic dividend, welfare based strategies,

Balanced urban structure, Infrastructure provisions with sustainability and conservations, governance,

Disaster and Climate change risk in human settlements,

LED, affordable housing and adequate access to infrastructure, institutional development 3. Urban Infrastructure Condition Index – UICI Ranking of Municipalities Top 10 Ranked Municipalities Bottom 10 Ranked Municipalities Municipality UICI, Rank Municipality UICI, Rank Points Points 1 Kathmandu Metropolitan 91 Gulariya 8 54 2 86 Kapilbastu 14 53 3 Bhaktapur 78 15 52 4 Baglung 75 Tikapur 16 51

Kirtipur 73 5 Ramgram 17 50

Lalitpur Sub Metropolitan 73 6 Siraha 18 49

Banepa 73 7 Narayan 19 48

Pokhara Sub Metropolitan 73 8 Jaleshwor 22 47

Dharan 68 9 Gaur 22 46

Madhyapur Thimi 67 10 24 45

Four municipalities, namely Triyuga, Rajbiraj, Khadbari, Dipayal, are not included in the ranking list due to lack of data Urban Livability Index – ULI How we measure urban infrastructure and facilities Urban Livability Index NUDS Weightage Population density % of urban area within municipality 10 (with 10 pp/ha density)

Road Density km/sq km Road and Transportation % of hard topped road to total road 20 length

Water Supply Coverage % of HH with access to piped water 20 supply

Electricity Coverage % of HH connected to gridline 10

Total : : 80 Total Indicators

Sanitation % of HH with access to toilet 10

Housing Type % of pakki house (roof) 5

Solid Waste Management Solid Waste Collection 5 Ranking of Municipalities Top 10 Ranked Municipalities Bottom 10 Ranked Municipalities Municipality ULI, Rank Municipality ULI, Rank Points Points Kathmandu Metropolitan 72.1 1 Gulariya 7.2 58 Butwal 69.1 2 Triyuga 12.0 57 Pokhara Sub Metropolitan 60.3 3 Kapilbastu 12.3 56 Bhaktapur 60.0 4 Bhimdatta 12.3 55 Baglung 58.4 5 Ramgram 13.1 54 Kirtipur 57.6 6 Tikapur 14.2 53 Banepa 56.8 7 Siraha 14.5 52 Lalitpur Sub Metropolitan 55.6 8 Narayan 15.9 51 Dharan 55.4 9 Jaleshwor 16.7 50 Hetauda 52.3 10 Gaur 17.6 49 Urban System: Settlement Distribution Valleys, and Corridors Urban Form 14th national Plan Urban Investment: Strategies and Budget flow toward Lekhnath; Green Economy Baglung; 6 Himali Tansen WB Towns 27 New Towns 13 Smart cities

90 IUDP 4 Food Green One city; one Cities Identity - 23 towns Mechinagar; 2 Urban Itahari; Economic ; Dhankuta WB Corridors Bhimdatta, Attariya; Pipladi ADB 27 New Nepalgunj; towns Siddharthanagar; Janakpur; and Birgunj; Butwal; 13 smart Dharan ADB Biratnagar cities + Kavre valley 21 towns ADB WB

For urban Investment in towns sustainability All 20 district of terai districts @ 500 M/each and resiliency 10 new towns along postal Highway way forward

• Operationalization of NUDS (UICI and ULI) for investment in urban space • Gradual shift to Infrastructure Governance – ritual vs project based funding?? • Local institutions to link with performance based investment • regional learning for innovation Conclusion …As Investment is increasing, innovation and co-work is required …Social development strategy has to be connected with physical development strategy …As federal system is active, we are in need to develop provincial spatial development plans ….Urban Investment discipline has to be integrated in academics

Governance with Physical Planning is a key Innovation in Investment model is required

Lets start with PPP; PPAP; PPA and civil society partnership K building; for urban and even for climate change Conclusion……………………………………………………….2 Municipal Development plan to be compatible with regional and national strategy..

Make Periodic Plan together with investment plan (not only a wish list)

Let’s coordinate all development through spatial planning…. Or space planning as coordinating attribute Post Disaster learning to institutionalize Thank you References: www.moud.gov.np www.dudbc.gov.np www.npc.gov.np Contact: [email protected] For the same agenda Together! we can do.