Marion Jones Sports Complex

ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT Marion Jones Sports Complex

Prepared for United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)

Prepared by Belize Environmental Technologies 2216 Juliet Soberanis Street Belama Phase1 Belize City, Belize

Belize City, Belize

November 2015

ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT Marion Jones Sports Complex

Prepared for United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)

Prepared by Belize Environmental Technologies 2216 Juliet Soberanis Street Belama Phase1 Belize City, Belize

November 2015

Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Purpose ...... 2 1.2 Scope of Services ...... 2 2.0 PROPERTY INFORMATION/BACKGROUND ...... 3 2.1 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS ...... 3 2.1.1 General Location and Description ...... 3 2.1.2 Project Site Description ...... 5 2.1.3 Road Access ...... 6 2.2 NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE ...... 9 2.2.1 Property Utilities ...... 9 2.2.2 General Area Use ...... 10 2.3 PAST TENANTS AND USES OF THE PROPERTY ...... 10 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS ...... 10 2.4.1 Temperature ...... 11 2.4.2 Rainfall ...... 11 2.4.3 Natural Hazards -Hurricanes ...... 14 2.4.4 Surface Topography ...... 15 2.4.4 Hydrology and Drains ...... 16 2.4.4 Winds ...... 19 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS ...... 20 3.1 Introduction ...... 20 3.2 The Environmental Protection Act No. 22/1992 and 328/2003 ...... 20 3.2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations SI 107/1995 and 24/2007 ...... 22 3.2.2 Environmental Protection (Effluent Limitation) Regulations (S. I. 94 of 1995) and Amendment S. I. 102 of 2009 ...... 23 3.2.3 Pollution Regulations SI 56/1996 Rev. Ed. 2003 and Amend. of 2009 S. I. 101 ...... 25 3.3 Construction Legislation ...... 26 3.3.1 The Belize Building Act No. 7 of 2003 and its 2005 Revision...... 26 3.4 Public Health, Act Chaps. 40 and 40 S Revised Editions 2000 and 2003 ...... 27 3.5 Removal of Refuse By-Laws (S.R. and O. No. 39 of 1939) ...... 28 3.6 Privy Accommodation By-Laws (Public Health Act Chapter 40 Rev. Ed...... 29 2003, The Subsidiary Laws) ...... 29

3.7 Other Pertinent Legislation ...... 29 3.7.1 National Occupational Safety and Health Bill...... 29 3.7.2 Labour Act Chapter 297 ...... 29 3.8 Licenses and Permits ...... 30 4.0 GENERAL NATURE AND MAGNITUDE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ...... 30 4.1 Impacts to Biodiversity and Ecology of Area ...... 30 4.2 Impacts Associated With Water Usage and Wastewater Management ...... 31 4.3 Solid Waste Disposal ...... 31 4.4 Nature and Magnitude of Social Issues ...... 33 4.5 Impacts Associated with Dust and Emissions ...... 33 4.6 Noise Pollution Impacts ...... 35 4.7 Impact to Storm water/ Surface Drainage ...... 36 4.8 Potential Contamination of Soil and Water Resources ...... 36 4.9 Potential Heritage Implications ...... 37 4.10 Potential Desplacement by Land Acquisition ...... 37 4.11 Potential Impact to Ozone layer and Climate Change ...... 37 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN / MITIGATION PLAN ...... 37 5.1 Introduction ...... 37 5.2 Impact Mitigation Measures ...... 38 5.3 Monitoring Of Environmental Management Plan ...... 42 5.3.1 Reporting Requirements ...... 42

1.0 INTRODUCTION The United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) has engaged Belize Environmental Technologies (BET) to provide environmental impact screening (EIS) services in order to identify and briefly analyze the potential environmental impacts associated with the construction of a volleyball/basketball facility and a public parking area within the Marion Jones Sports Complex located in Belize City. The specific project site lies to the north and adjacent to the new Marion Jones Grand Stand Facility and occupying an area of approximately 2.5 acres (see Figure 1.1) and is subsequently referred to in this report as "the project site". This assessment was prepared in accordance with the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the provision of environmental impact screening services.

Figure 1.1: Site Plan showing the “project site”

1.1 Purpose The purpose of the EIS report is to identify and briefly analyze the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed facility that is to be constructed on a partially filled area north of and adjacent to the new Marion Jones Grand Stand Facility. In accordance with the TOR, the EIS Report has as its specific objectives the following: • Brief characterization of the site; • Brief identification of potential impacts caused by the project and proposed mitigation measures; • Ensure the conformity of the project with the relevant rules and regulations in Belize and specifically the Environmental Protection Act; • Complete the Environmental Check list; • Produce the environmental management plan that will need to be followed by the contractor in charge of the construction of the building (such document will be included in the contract with the contractor); • Produce the project proposal to obtain the environmental clearance from the Department of Environment if required. The general objective of this consultancy is to ensure that the project complies with all local environmental legal requirements and to ensure that the facility follows best practices in terms of environmental management. This assessment included site reconnaissance, research and literature review, and interviews with individual involved with the construction and planning of facilities within the Marion Jones Sporting Complex facility and DOE personnel. 1.2 Scope of Services The scope of work for this EIS is in general accordance with the Term of Reference provided by UNOPS. This report addresses all potential issues of environmental, health and safety concern identified that would need to be considered in the final planning implementation of the project.. This assessment documents visual observations, interviews, and inquiry into public records only. BET did not conduct any testing of soil, air, and water.

2.0 PROPERTY INFORMATION/BACKGROUND 2.1 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS 2.1.1 General Location and Description The Marion Jones Sports Complex compound is located on Princess Margaret Drive with access street/road around its perimeter. To the north immediately in front of the proposed sports building, is an area of approximately two (2) acres, which was excised from the Marion Jones Sports complex to be used by the Belize Airport Authority. The area presently holds the Belize Airport Authority Building and its parking lot (see Figure 2.1). The Belize Municipal Airstrip and ancillary buildings are immediately across the airstrip perimeter road. To the east, immediately across St Mathews Street, is the Home Park housing area with nine (9) residences lining this street (Figure 2.2). To the south, on Princess Margaret Drive, in the St. Thomas Housing area, lies the Belize Telemedia compound from St. Thomas Street to Meighan Avenue and six (6) residential homes (after Meighan Avenue) (Figure 2.3). To the west, immediately across the new perimeter road is a drainage canal lined with mangroves, followed by the St. Johns College compound, in the Landivar area (Figure 2.4).

Figure 2.1: Belize Airport Authority Figure 2.2: St. Mathew St. Residences (R)

Figure 2.3: Princess Margerat Dr. BTL Compound and Residences

Figure 2.4: Top: Canalline with mangrove. Bot. L-R: St. John College and MJSC Drainage Canal view The sports complex has a ferro-concrete perimeter fence with cement pillars (24” L X 24” W X 9’ H) and in between cement base slabs (10 feet L X 15 inches W and 3.5 feet H) with an upper four feet high aluminium bars panel covering the south perimeter. On the east and three quarters of the north sides of the compound the same size pillars with cement base slab (12 feet L X 15 inches W and 3.5 feet H) exist but with upper cement slab (12’ L X 4”W and 4’ high. The old main entrance has a new 20-foot wide by 8 feet high, two leaves galvanized pipe gate. Immediately to the left there are two new service accesses, with 20 foot wide by 8 feet high, two leaves chain linked gates. All gates are easily accessible. The new cement drain/walkway on the west side provides for a 500-foot wide access to the Office Complex/Bleachers, and a 30 feet wide access to the proposed Volleyball/Basketball complex. Both complexes are provided with 30 feet wide access to their respective parking lots. A 30-foot wide entrance has also been provided for the old service side entrance (Figure 2.5). The west side of the MJSC, where the project site is located, and part of the area in front of the Belize Airport Authority parking lot is

not fenced. At the Authority parking lot a 350-feet long by 15 wide canal serves as a barrier between boundary of project site and the Authority’s property. The Belize Airport Authority compound’s new chain link fence serves as part of the north perimeter fence. However, one has access to the MJSC compound at both ends of the Authority compound. A new 6 foot chain link fence was erected from the first new service gate to the Grandstand. Security personnel commented that this does not deter ingress to the compound from this section.

The Sports complex compound as a whole has little vegetation except for a few broad leaves trees, Casuarinas species trees and marshland grasses with a small stand of mangrove species bordering the airport authority compound. The area is considered as disturbed and one that has been zoned and set aside for sporting activities.

is easily accessible

Figure 2.5: (Top L-R) Old Main Entrance and Two New Service Entrances. (Bot. L-R) New entrance to Office Complex/Bleachers and Parking Lot

2.1.2 Project Site Description The specific project site was once mangrove wetlands, as was once much of the area, with most of it drained and filled (about 150 feet -North to South and 225 feet from East to West or 0.75

5 acres). The rest of the area has a stand of mix of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). The white mangrove is the dominant stand (Figure 2.6).

Immediately to the north of the area is the Belize Airport Authority compound separated by a 350 feet long and 15 feet wide drainage canal (Figure 2.1). To the south, the new Grandstand (with office complex and bleachers) borders the area. To the east, the area is bordered by the north-northwest section of the asphalted cycling track and to the west, separated by a cement drain-walkway, bordering the newly opened perimeter road (nearing completion) (Figure 2.7).

As can be appreciated, no residences would be directly impacted by the proposed facility and related activities. The St. Johns College Junior College administration and student building in addition to being situated some 600 feet from the project site, has a drainage canal lined with tall mangroves with access roads on both sides that serve as a buffer. This thin strip of mangrove stand is important in providing protection to the edge of the canal and preventing slumping or erosion of the canal edge and as a buffer that helps to mitigate noise, dust and visual distractions to students during the construction and operational phases of the proposed facility and related activities.

2.1.3 Road Access The Marion Jones Sport Complex compound is bounded by perimeter roads and can be accessed from a sixty feet wide, cemented street (Princess Margaret Drive). The compound access consisted of the old main entrance with 15 feet wide asphalted access road secured with chain linked fence and gate. However, with the renovation, these were replaced with a ferro-concrete fence with aluminium bars and a galvanized iron gate and two additional service gates were placed immediately to the left of this gate. The old service entrance located to the south end west-side of the compound, had a chain linked fence and gate, however, these were removed. The remaining west side has no fence at present. However, the bordering sidewalk has provided for four new access points. These are a) the new Grandstand access (500 feet wide); b) its parking lot access (30 feet wide), c) the proposed Volleyball/Basketball complex access and d) its parking lot access (30 feet wide).

225 feet

Figure 2.6: Vegitation Stand of the Project area

Figure 2.7: (L) Asphalted Cycle Track and (R) Newly Opened Perimeter road (nearing completion)

Parking lot and Volleyball/Basketball

Complex access points

Office Complex and Parking lot access points New Service Gates Old Main Gate Service Gate

with Secuirty Booth

Figure 2.9: Satellite image showing access points to the Marion Jones Sport Complex

Private security personnel have been placed temporarily at the compound, one during the day and two at night. The day and one night shift personnel are stationed at the Grand Stand and the other night security personnel at the temporary security booth by the old side entrance access point (see Figure 2.5 Bot. R.) 2.2 NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE The following section of the report includes general descriptions of the local infrastructure and surrounding properties that might influence the environmental risks of the project site.

2.2.1 Property Utilities The National Stadium was established sometime in the 1960s as a venue for horse racing up to the late 1970s. A football pitch and cycling track were later added. When the asphalted cycling track was added, the Cross Country Cycling Classic finished with laps around the cycle track. Eventually, with the visit of Marion Jones to Belize in 2001 at the height of her success following the Sydney Olympics, the stadium was renamed after her and renovations started in 2004 and then stalled. In 2012, an Olympic standard four hundred meter track was constructed and in January 2015, the Belize Athletic Association‘s (BAA) held its 2015 National Track and Field Championships on it. The compound also houses a FIFA standard football field and a beach volleyball facility.

In March 2015–after a series of delays and on-and-off construction since its groundbreaking ceremony in August 2009, a “soft” opening of the Marion Jones Sports Grandstand was held. The state-of-the-art five storey facility houses the stadium bleachers. In addition, on Level Zero located are locker rooms, warm up rooms, meeting rooms, a gym and the caretaker room. Level one houses the main lobby, ticketing and administrative offices. Level two holds the main concession area. Level three holds, the offices and level five the VIP boxes and media boxes. The complex is nearing completion.

Belize Water Services Limited (BWSL) supplies potable water for domestic use and the general cleaning operations, as well as wastewater sewer services. The facilities located within the

Marion Jones Sports Complex are all connected to the BWSL sewer system as will the proposed Volleyball/Basketball complex. 2.2.2 General Area Use The Marion Jones Sports Complex has for many years been zoned and set aside for sporting activities with much of it reclaimed and developed The area adjacent is being used primarily for public (air transport and educational) and residential use.

The land use of nearby and adjacent lands is classified as business-educational/residential developments. The specific 2.5 acres project site area has been partially land filled with the rest of the area having a mix stand of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). The white mangrove is the dominant stand (see Figure 2.6). 2.3 PAST TENANTS AND USES OF THE PROPERTY As ascertained from research, the track of land where the Marion Jones Sports Complex is located is national land. This area, which is low lying, was once a mangrove wetland area. Presently, the area is covered with a small mix stand of mangrove and marshland grasses and few broad leave and Casuarina trees. The stadium was built during the 1960s, initially as a racetrack. As such, the project area is a reclaimed area that is essentially free of any past contaminating activity and which had been set aside as a sporting area for many years. As such, the project is a complementary component of the entire Marion Jones Sporting Complex.

2.4 General Concept of Proposed Facility The project site is located on the north western corner section of the Marion Jones Sports Complex compound and adjacent to the newly built Grandstand. The Volleyball/Basketball facility is will be conceptualized and designed to meet international standards and to be a state of the arts sporting facility having a sport hall catering for a volleyball/ basketball playing area and seating capacity of about 2,000 (including retractable seats).

2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS The climate of Belize is sub-tropical with marked dry and rainy seasons separated by a cool, moist transition period from November through February. The country is prone to hurricane threats each year and vulnerable to the effects of floods and recurrent droughts.

This section describes the general environmental settings of primary importance to the proposed facility within the Marion Jones Sport Complex in Belize City.

2.4.1 Temperature

Mean daily temperature varies from 81°F/ 27°C along the coast to 69°F/21°C in the hills. The coldest month is January while the highest temperatures are experienced during the month of May. Being in a coastal area, where the sea breeze moderates the climate, the area has less extreme temperatures than inland areas. For example, the average maximum and minimum temperatures at the Philip Goldson International Airport, are less hot and less cold respectively than Central Farm (Cayo District), see Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Avg. Annual temperatures at Philip Goldson Int’l Airport, Belize City , Central Farm (Cayo), and Cooma Cairn. (Source: NMHS 2009)

Stations Average Maximum Average Minimum

Coast Philip Goldson International Airport1 86.2°F 30.1°C 72.6°F 22.6°C

Inland Central Farm 88.3°F 31.3°C 68.9°F 20.5°C

Mountain Cooma Cairn 77.5°F 25.3°C 63.8°F 17.7°C

2.4.2 Rainfall The annual average rainfall across Belize varies from about 60 inches in the North and northwest to in excess of 160 inches over the southern Toledo District (See Figure 2.11).

Generally three types of events result in intense rainfall throughout Belize. In June and July, tropical waves and cyclones produce thunderstorms, which generate intense but localized rainfall. Soil moisture is often below field capacity after the long dry season and runoff would not achieve its full potential, except in urbanized areas.

1 Due to lack of specific data for the project area, the Philip Goldson International Airport data is also used.

In late August, September and October, Belize normally experiences significant and prolonged rainfall during the height of the hurricane season. Substantial runoff occurs, resulting in localized flash floods in the hilly terrain, ponding and inundation along floods plains and low-lying areas. In November through January, significant but less intense rainfall can occur, caused by incursions of frontal systems across the area. The dry period normally extends from mid-years such as in 1975; the dry season may extend up to 200 days.

Project Site

Figure 2.11: Mean Annual Rainfall Map for Belize showing general locations of the project site.

Table 2.2 and Figure 2.12 show the mean monthly rainfall (mm) for St. John’s College (Belize City) and Philip Goldson International Airport. St. John’s College received 157.1 mm (6.1 inches) less annual rainfall.

Table 2.2 Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm) for St. John’s College (Belize City) and Philip Goldson International Airport Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ann. Belize 134.9 79.8 68.8 48.5 82.6 191.8 169.2 153.7 261.1 259.6 199.1 180.9 1830.0 City PGIA 131.0 70.6 51.3 60.8 111.9 231.4 224.6 187.8 270.3 273.6 210.0 163.8 1987.1

300

250 270.3 273.6 261.1 259.6 200 231.4 224.6 210 199.1 191.8 187.8 150 134.9 180.9 169.2 163.8 153.7Belize City

millimeter 131 100 PGIA 111.9 82.6 50 79.8 70.6 68.8 60.8 51.3 48.5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 2.12 Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm) for St. John’s College (Belize City) and Philip Goldson International Airport

300.0 35.0 250.0 30.0 25.0 200.0 20.0 150.0 15.0 100.0 10.0 50.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

MeanRainfall(mm) MeanETo MinTemp DailyMean MaxTemp

Figure 2.13: Climate Chart for Philip Goldson International Airport Period 1970 -2004 Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm), Evapotranspiration and Temperature oC

Figure 2.13 above shows the Climate Chart for Philip Goldson International Airport Period 1970 -2004 Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm), Evapotranspiration and Temperature oC.

Frequently, statistics of extreme rainfall are provided in rainfall depth-duration-frequency (DDF), which describe rainfall depth as a function of duration for given return periods or probabilities of exceedance. Table 2.3 show the Philip S.W. Goldson International Airport Depth-Duration-Frequency. These statistics of extreme rainfall are important to for (i) design purposes in water management – such as the construction of sewerage systems, determination of the required discharge capacity of channels – in order to prevent flooding, thereby reducing the loss of life and property, and pollution of surface waters; (ii) insurance of water damage and evaluation of hazardous weather, e.g. of interest for liability; (iii) advice to the general public. Accordingly, reliable calculation of probabilities of extreme rainfall with their uncertainties is of concern. Uncertainties should be taken into account, otherwise risks can be underestimated. Table 2.3 Philip S.W. Goldson International Airport Depth-Duration-Frequency (12 years of Rainfall Records 1983-94) Depth-Duration-Frequency (12 years of Rainfall Records 1983-94) Duration 5m 10m 15m 30m 60m 2hr 6hr 12hr 24h (daily) Mean (mm) of 11.2 20.1 28.8 42.2 58.9 72.5 90.7 111.8 149 highest value Std Dev. (mm) 3.1 5.2 13.1 18.4 26.8 25.5 22.3 33.1 46 Return Period 5 years 14 25 42 61 85 98 113 145 196 10 years 17 29 52 75 106 118 130 170 231 20 years 19 33 62 88 125 136 147 195 265 50 years 22 38 74 106 151 161 168 226 310 100 years 24 42 84 119 170 179 184 250 343

Ratio (d/d24) 0.075 0.13 0.19 0.29 0.39 0.49 0.61 0.75 1 Note: Analysis based on an EVI distribution; BECA International Consultants Ltd, 1994

2.4.3 Natural Hazards -Hurricanes Hurricanes occurring during the months of June to November have played key--and devastating-- roles in Belizean history. Since 1930, there have been 16 Hurricanes, 8 of which were Major Hurricanes that have either made landfall in Belize or passed close enough to cause damage or loss of life. Additionally, 17 systems made landfall in Belize as Tropical Storms. Following are some of the storms that have affected Belize City. In 1931 an unnamed hurricane destroyed over

14 two-thirds of the buildings in Belize City and killed more than 1,000 people. Hurricane Hattie in 1961 struck the central coastal area of the country, with winds in excess of 300 kilometers per hour and four-meter storm tides. The accompanying storm surge killed more than 400 people and left thousands homeless. The devastation of Belize City for the second time in thirty years prompted the relocation of the capital some eighty kilometers inland to the planned city of Belmopan. Hurricane Mitch (1998) although it spared Belize from its 160MPH winds the torrential rains caused extensive damage to crops and roads. Hurricane Keith (2000) lingered just offshore Ambergris Caye as a Category 4 storm with 135mph winds. However, it was its slow-moving speed that made Keith such a problem, especially to the Cayes, where Keith caused $150 million in damage. Belize City suffered heavy rainfall. In 2010, Hurricane Richard roared in from the sea the evening of Sunday, October 24th, crushing the picturesque village of Gales Point Manatee, which was directly in its path. Richard rampaged westward over open country to Belmopan, Roaring Creek, Camalote, Teakettle, Ontario and Unitedville, destroying village homes and tearing up the landscape. The storm pummeled central and southern Belize for 8 hours with winds of nearly 90 miles per hour and torrential rains. Richard cause most the nation to lose power, downed some of the tallest trees and electricity poles, ripped off roofing, banged up wooden homes, and left a trail of substantial wreckage in its path. Initial damage estimates were reported at Bz$49.2 million with $34.7 million in losses to agriculture and $14.5 million due to damage to homes.

Belize has been fortunate not to have been affected by hurricanes in the past five years but because it is situated on the Hurricane Belt, any construction project should take this into consideration. 2.4.4 Surface Topography Belize City lies in the northern half of Belize, a part of the Yucatán Platform, a tectonically stable region. Alluvial deposits of varying fertility cover the relatively flat landscapes of the coastal plains. This area normally lie at zero meters elevation in the coast to an elevation of 200 meters above sea Figure 2.14: Belize Elevation Map

15 level as you go inland. Generally Belize City is at zero meters.2 The land surface of the project site consists of a rectangular tract of land approximately two and half acres (2.5) and existed as a flat swamp marsh parcel colonized by mangroves species. About 0.75 acres have been cleared and backfilled with clay.

withtrance paved road and at the morgue. It gradually slopes to 197 feet above sea level towards the center of the site reaching an elevation of 196 at the northern perimeter fence. From the center to the west, the site slopes towards an elevation of 195 feet above sea level where it meets the lined open drain flowing from south to north. From the center to the east, the site slopes towards the edge of the open earthen storm drain with an elevation of 196 feet above sea level. The bottom of the drain itself, starts from the morgue area with an elevation of 195 feet above sea level to an elevation of 193 feet above sea level. Water was flowing in the drain from the morgue area towards the north perimeter fence, as the drain elevation would dictate (see Appendix II). Hence, this topographic survey would indicate that the project site lies within the lower elevations of the hospital compound. The final design of the structure considered this and ca

Figure 2.15: Project area partially backfilled.

2.4.5 Sub-Surface Geology The project area is classified as reclaimed land which will require some two (2) acres of vegetation removal (mainly mangrove) in an already disturbed area. 2.4.6 Hydrology and Drains Belize City’s north side topography is one of flat swampland bordered by the Haulover Creek to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the north and east and the Belize River to the west. These are the main drainage sinks for Belize City’s north side-storm water runoff.

2 A detailed Topographical Survey with contour lines (i.e. elevations and other landforms) with 1 foot minimum equidistance is being prepared by an independent consultant parallel to this report. 16

Since its original establishment, Belize City has grown significantly and in the north side most of the development occurring to the left (west) of the Marion Jones Sports Complex. Unfortunately, in many instances, drainage was not properly planned in these new developments and in several areas, flooding during localized torrential rainfall is an issue of concern. The Marion Jones Sports Complex is in a north side section of Belize that had been planned with functioning storm-water drainage canal network. The complex itself has within its east perimeter a 15 feet wide drainage canal running its entire length (see Figure 2.16). From observations, this canal serves to drain almost three quarters of the complex from west to east. On the north and forming the boundary of the MJSC with the Belize Airport Authority parking lot lies a newly dredged 15 feet wide by 350 feet long drainage canal, which empties a small catchment pond, located to the northeast corner of the project site. To the west of the project site, and demarcating the St. John’s College east boundary is a 15 feet wide drainage canal lined with mangrove on both sides. The area between the project site and this canal was once covered with mangrove species, with the exception of a portion of dirt access road to the old side service entrance. Storm water had a free flow from the project site to this canal. This canal also forms part of the drainage network of the St. John’s College compound. With the advent of a new access road, a new 5-feet wide cement lined and coverage drain/sidewalk, running the entire west perimeter, was constructed. This now serves to drain the west side of the MJSC, including the project site. Three wide cross drains, evenly distributed along the length of the access road connect the cement drains with the drainage canal. Similar cements drains were previously constructed along the remaining perimeter of the complex, with the exception of an unlined drain on the airstrip road (see Figure 2.16).

Notwithstanding this, the recent October 16, 2015, tropical depression associated with a broad area of disturbance spanning Mexico and parts of Central America caused major flooding in Belize City. The system dumped 10 inches of rain in 36 hours and by the fifth day it had dumped 28.75 inches of rain on the old capital. The normal rainfall during this period is 5 to 6 inches per month. This has been described as the largest weather event to affect Belize City since Hurricane Hattie, which hit Belize in this same month in 1961. The National Methoelogical Service indicated that this system dumped more water than most recent hurricanes hitting Belize.

During the October 16 tropical depression, the MJSC was also flooded in localized areas. According to Engineer Luis Mena, from Imer Hernandez Development Co. Ltd., the project area (including the filled area) as well as the entire access road was flooded 6 inches deep. However, the water did not rise above the cement drain/walkway and the water drained once the heavy down pour stopped. He also stressed that water did not reach the Grandstand but rather the water line was more than ten feet away from the building.

Figure 2.16: Observed Dranage Network

Figure 2.17: Area Flooded during October Tropical Depression Courtesy of Ing. Luis Mena.

2.4.7 Winds The historical mean wind-rose chart (Figure 2.18) for the Philip Goldson International Airport (PGIA) indicates that the prevailing winds along the coastal zone of Belize are predominantly out of the northeast, east and southeast at about 5 – 15 knots. During the dry season months of March, April and May the winds generally blow moderately from the east and southeast at about 8 – 18 knots. While in the summer months of June through August, the prevailing winds are out of the east at about 8 – 16 knots.

Figure 2.18: Annual mean wind-rose for the PGIA and Monthly maximum surface wind at PGIA

Incursions of cool, continental air masses and associated frontal boundaries (cold fronts) move across the Gulf of Mexico and spill into the north-western Caribbean, occasionally reaching the central Caribbean during the cool transition months of October through early March. The northerly winds associated with these cool air mass incursions are often gusty. Such events may

19 persist for a day or two, but may also extend to 4 or 5 days during intense cold air outbreaks from the north. Historical extreme wind speed are associated with tropical cyclones and tropical disturbances that traverse the north-western Caribbean and affect the coastal zone of Belize. These events are more frequent during the hurricane season or summer months, but invariably are also associated with strong northerly airflow generated by cold air mass movement over the region during the cool transition period. Figure 2.18 also shows a graph showing records of historical daily maximum wind speeds at the Philip Goldson Airport for the period 1961 to 1996. September holds the record for the highest surface wind speed at the Airport with a value of 64 knots or 75 mph.

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS 3.1 Introduction Belize’s national environmental policies are based on an integrated environmental management approach towards sustainable development. The legislation and regulations are comprehensive in nature and address issues of environmental protection, natural resource development, wildlife conservation, preservation of historic and cultural resources, and solid waste management. Belize is also a signatory to various international agreements aimed at protecting the environment and natural resources.

It is very important that those specific regulations and legislation that will need strict adherence and compliance during the project’s planning, construction and during its operational phases be properly identified. Once identified, the Ministry of Health/UNOPS are to ensure that these be considered during project design and implementation.

This section reviews relevant environmental protection and planning legislations and policies to ensure that the Ministry of Health/UNOPS comply with national policy and legislative criteria.

3.2 The Environmental Protection Lesgislation 3.2.1 The Environmental Protection Act No. 22/1992 and 328/2003 The Environmental Protection Act of 1992 legally established the Department of the Environment (Section 3). Under section 3 (3) the Department has the responsibility to monitor

20 the implementation of the Act and Regulations, and to take necessary actions to enforce the provisions of the Act and its Regulations. This enabling legislation provides the Government and the Department with the comprehensive environmental protection authority it needs in order to address modern environmental management issues. The ACT also grants the Department of Environment broad regulatory and enforcement authority for the prevention and control of environmental pollution, conservation and management of natural resources, and regulating environmental impact assessments (EIAs). Although there are no specific regulations on Environmental Audits (EAs), the Department is empowered to require an EA as an environmental management tool as it goes about with the monitoring of the implementation of the Act and Regulations. The Environmental Protection Act Revised Edition 2003, also charges the Department of the Environment with the responsibility for formulating environmental codes of practices. It is also responsible for specifying procedures, practices or releases limits for pollution control relating to works, undertakings and activities during any phase of their development and operation, including the location, design, construction, start-up, closure, dismantling and clean-up phases and any subsequent monitoring activities. Under the Act, no person, installation, factory or plant shall, unless specifically permitted by the Department, emit, deposit or discharge or cause emission of any pollutant or contaminant into the atmosphere or environment in contravention of the permitted levels. The Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act (No 5 of 2009) amends the EPA (CAP. 328) by defining key terms relating to petroleum and makes provisions for greater environmental control and management of the petroleum industry. Provisions addresses among other things the combustion, handling, disposal and composition of petroleum products. Officers are empowered to inspect, investigate and seize anything they believe has been or is being used in the commission of an offence against the Act or Regulations. A person is required to promptly report to the Department of Environment and the police, pollution, even inadvertently or accidentally caused. The Act provides for the issue of violation tickets for pollution offences (s. 70) and provides stringent penalties for contravention of requirements under the Act. The DOE’s approval of an EIA may be subject to the signing of an ECP, the payment of a fee, the posting of guarantees or performance bonds and other necessary conditions.

The Act makes provision for the establishment of an environmental management fund to address oil and chemical spills, prevent and reduce pollution, support environmental monitoring, increase public awareness etc. and also provides for the management, audit and control of the fund. The main sources of income of the fund include a tax on petroleum revenue, donations, penalties, fees, publications, environmental tax etc. The Act also empowers the Chief Environmental Officer to make out-of-court settlements in appropriate circumstances.

Permits are required for the construction, operation and management of landfill, hazardous waste disposal facility, incinerator, or co-generation facility.

3.2.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations SI 107/1995 and 24/2007

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (1995) regulations describe in detail the processes involved in the preparation and evaluation of environmental impact assessments. The regulations divide projects or activities into two main categories.

The 2007 regulations amended the schedules. Schedules I and II of the 2007 amendment are the operative schedules; they provide details of the projects requiring an EIA and the ones that may require either an EIA or a Limited Level Environmental Study (LLES). Schedule III sets out guidelines to be used by permitting agencies in determining whether a Schedule II project is to be sent to the DOE for Environmental Clearance. It also serves as a useful guide for developers.

Schedule I: EIA required.

Schedule II: EIA or some environmental analysis (LLES) may be required depending on the location and size of the project and other consideration.

The amendment makes provision for the legal incorporation of an Environmental Compliance Plan (ECP), a legally binding document developed by the DOE setting out environmental conditions, guidelines, policies and restrictions agreed to be the developer or his representative as a condition for project approval.

EIA or Limited Level Environmental Study (LLES) may be approved by the DOE subject to conditions specified by the Department including a requirement that the developer sign an ECP as well as the payment of an environmental monitoring fee. Regulation 22(A)(2), (3) and (4) prohibits a developer from proceeding with a project without signing an ECP and obtaining environmental clearance from the Department and provides for the imposition of penalties including fines ranging from five thousand dollars ($5,000.00) to twenty five thousand ($25,000.00) and or a term of imprisonment up to a maximum of two years.

A developer may lodge a written appeal against the decision of the Department within twenty- one days to the Minister. An appeal tribunal chaired by a Magistrate shall be appointed by the Minister to hear and determine such appeals. The composition, procedures and effect of such appeal are set out in Regulation 27A to D (as amended by Regulation 16 of the 2007 amendment). Note: the lodging of an appeal shall not operate as a stay of the Department’s decision.

Fees and Penalties

General penalties of fines ranging from $5,000.00 to $25,000.00 and or a term of imprisonment not exceeding twelve months is provided for contravention of these regulations. A non- refundable application fee of up to $1,000.00 may be required for notification and submission of a proposal for environmental clearance. For projects that fall within Schedule I of the regulations a non-refundable fee of $5,000.00 is required, for Schedule II projects or where a LLES is required a non-refundable application fee of $2,500.00 is required. Where the Department requires an EIA however, an additional non-refundable fee of $2,500.00 is required. The Department may require among other things a performance bond or guarantee at an appropriate level to secure compliance with the terms and conditions of the ECP.

3.2.1.2 Environmental Protection (Effluent Limitation) Regulations (S. I. 94 of 1995) and Amendment S. I. 102 of 2009

The Effluent Limitation Regulations have been promulgated since 1995 and came into force in 1996. The Department of the Environment prepared effluent guidelines and plans for water quality criteria under the Act. The definition for “effluent” as per the act means sewage or industrial effluent. “Industrial effluent” means liquid water or wastewater produced by reasons of a process taking place at any industrial or commercial premises and includes the discharge of

23 domestic wastewater. “Licence” means a license granted to a person under the regulation. There are other definitions pertaining to the act. These regulations apply to discharge of effluent into any inland waters or the marine environment. The discharge of effluent from any industry specified in the First, Second, Third or Fourth Schedule, in quantities or concentrations higher than those specified in the said schedules is prohibited (see Table 3.1). Section 6 indicates that every industry, which discharges effluent, must ensure that the effluent can be assimilated by the receiving water into which the effluent is discharged and the industry shall furnish the department periodically with the composition of any effluent treated as specified. Sewers and sewerage systems must be kept and maintained in a good working order and sanitary manner. The Third and Fourth schedule apply specifically to the end of pipe effluent limits for the discharge of domestic waste water of effluent into sensitive waters referred to as Class I waters and those that are less sensitive referred to as Class II water respectively (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1: Industries with Effluent Limitation Schedules

Part II of the regulation outlines new sources of discharge. It prohibits against new and altered sources of effluent discharge without the written permission of the Department. Part III deals

24 with acceptable conditions of discharge, Part IV with discharge of effluent and sludge onto land and Part V with license to discharge effluent. The Department shall approve the discharge of effluent. A person who discharges effluent into any inland waters, the marine environment or onto any land shall in connection with such discharge install such sampling test point or points inspection chambers, flow meters and recording and other apparatus from time to time. Part VII outlines the fees as follows: for written permission to carry out any work on any premises that may result in a new source of effluent discharge as mentioned in regulation 8, the fee is one hundred Dollars ($100.00). The annual fee for the discharge of effluents (section 14) is three hundred dollars ($300.00) and is non-refundable. In addition, the fee for a transfer of license is three hundred dollars ($300.00). At Part VIII the penalties for a guilty offence conviction is a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars ($20,000.00) or imprisonments for a term not more than five years or both fine and imprisonment.

3.2.1.3 Pollution Regulations SI 56/1996 Rev. Ed. 2003 and Amend. of 2009 S. I. 101 The Pollution Regulations of 1996 addresses issues of air, water and soil pollution, including noise pollution. Part III – 6 (1) deals generally with the emission of contaminants into the air where no person shall cause, allow or permit contaminants to be emitted or discharged directly or indirectly into the air from any source. Regulation 31 of the Pollution Regulations (1996) provides that a person shall not pollute the land so that the condition of the land is so changed as to be capable of making the land noxious or harmful to animals. Regulation 32 provides that no person shall cause any seepage or leaching contamination of the adjacent soil, groundwater or surface water. Regulation 33 empowers DOE to issue directions to persons operating a site for the elimination of waste or a solid waste treatment plant and disposal system. Regulation 35 prohibits the deposition of waste in a place other than a site approved by DOE for the storage or elimination of waste or operation of a waste treatment plant or waste management system. The regulations have been amended to address the control and phasing out of the use of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS’s) and the pollution related issues associated with the petroleum industry. 3.2.2 The Forest Act Chap. 213, Revised Edition 2000 & Forests (Mangrove Protection) Reg. SI No. 52 of 1989 The Forest Act provides for the protection and conservation of all mangrove forests on both private and national lands, any alterations to which require evaluation and a permit by the

Forestry Department. The protection of all mangroves fall under this Act via the Forest (Protection of Mangrove) Regulations. Mangrove clearance may be permitted under this legislation. The clearance of mangrove for the construction of the parking lot would require a permit from the Forest Department. 3.3 The Belize Building Act No. 7 of 2003 and its 2005 Revision The Belize Building Act No. 7 of 2003 and its 2005 Revision repeals the Belize City Building Act (CAP. 131 Revised Edition 2000). The “Act has as its main purpose “to control building operations in the interest of public health and safety and to enable the introduction of regulations prescribing standards relating to the use of material and methods of construction.” The provisions of the Act apply to the construction of any building or structure in Belize.

The Act establishes the Central Building Authority (the “Authority”) to administer the provisions of the Act. The Authority shall appoint a professional engineer or architect, to be the Director of Building Control (the “Director”). The Director shall sign and issue all building permits, enforcement notices and other related documents. The Authority may appoint Building Inspectors to review plans and other documentation submitted in support of an application for a building permit, and to inspect construction to determine compliance with the terms of the building permit.

The Central Building Authority has delegated the responsibilities to review and approve building plans and issue building and occupancy permits, in their respective jurisdictions, to the Local Building Authorities in Belize City, the City of Belmopan, and in each of the Towns constituted under the Town Councils Act. Depending on the nature of the building project, other governmental agencies may also be involved in the overall permitting process.

As mandated by the Act, every application shall be accompanied by such drawings, descriptions, calculations and specifications as the Authority or the Director may require. A list of requirements to accompany applications is outlined in the inset box.

Building Project Requirements when submitting Application for Approval

a. Site Plan showing property boundaries, adjoining and adjacent roads, easements, alleys and footpaths, the position and nature of all electric power supply lines, the location and size of all water supply and waste disposal lines, and the position of existing and any proposed building or buildings and parking area(s) on the same lot.

b. Floor Plan for each floor of the building(s), including basement or foundation, mezzanines and roof.

c. Elevations for each face of the building(s), showing relative heights.

d. Cross Sections (2 minimum) through the building(s) including foundation. Cross sections should indicate building materials and relative heights throughout the building, including the roof.

e. Electrical (PUC Approved) and plumbing schematic drawings and basic specifications including septic tank, soak-a-way, etc. Note: The Authority requires that the electrical drawings and related documentation receive approval from the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) before submitting such drawings and related documents to the Authority.

f. Structural engineering drawings and basic specifications of building(s) and other amenities.

3.4 Public Health, Act Chaps. 40 and 40 S Revised Editions 2000 and 2003 The Public Health Act covers liquid and solid waste disposal and issues relating to general public health. The Ministry of Health is given a mandate for addressing public health issues and related complaints, monitoring of sewage and solid waste, and prosecution of public health offenders

Section 22 of the Public Health Act Chap 40 S Rev. Ed. 2003 known as the Removal of Refuse By-Laws prohibits littering and indiscriminate deposit of waste in public places. These regulations require, among other things, the occupier of each premise to provide himself with a suitable receptacle for containing household refuse.

Part II of the Act deals with the control over the construction of buildings and privies. The Minister is empowered to make regulations regarding buildings (e.g., draining, ventilation). The Chief Medical Officer is authorized to remove, alter or pull down any work begun or done in contravention of such regulation. All building plans are to be deposited with the Chief Medical Officer.

Under the Act, it is unlawful to erect buildings on land filled with offensive matter. The Minister is authorized to declare any town or place to be a populous building area and thereafter all buildings erected in the town or place would require a water-closet etc.

The Act contains a range of provisions relating to requiring privy accommodation for dwelling houses; regulating lavatories, washhouses and swimming pools; and the cleaning of unwholesome latrines.

Part IV of the Act deals with drains and water supply. The Act prohibits in the most general terms the commission of nuisances, and lists a number of situations which constitute nuisances, many of which have created severe problems in litigation.

The Public Health (Amendment) Act empowers the Minister to make regulations to prevent, control or reduce pollution or contamination of the air, soil or water of Belize. The Act authorizes substantial penalties for violation of regulations established under these provisions, i.e., $10,000 or six months imprisonment, and $1,000 per day for a continuing violation as long as the violation continues. It also allows the Government to recover expenses incurred in taking measures to prevent, control, or to reduce pollution, and to order closure of any entity causing such pollution or contamination. 3.5 Removal of Refuse By-Laws (S.R. and O. No. 39 of 1939) The Removal of Refuse By-laws were made under the Public Health Ordinance (now the Public Health Act). By-law 2 requires the occupier of each premises to provide himself with a suitable receptacle for containing household refuse. The Public Health Officer is given wide regulatory powers concerning the collection of garbage (see by-laws 5, 6 and 7). The by-laws impose a duty on the occupier of premises fronting, adjoining or abutting on any street to keep such street in a clean condition (by-law 10). A number of offences are created by the by-laws including: allowing any receptacle to remain on a footpath longer than necessary (by-law 12); depositing refuse in areas other than in proper receptacles (by-law 13); throwing refuse on highway or public place (by-law 14). The maximum penalty for breach of these by-laws is $25 (see by-law 21).

3.6 Privy Accommodation By-Laws (Public Health Act Chapter 40 Rev. Ed. 2003, The Subsidiary Laws) The Privy Accommodation By-Laws require that there be separate, suitable and proper sanitary accommodation for persons of each sex. Such sanitary accommodation is to be inspected and approved by a senior health officer. The By-laws also stipulate that there be adequate accommodation and that there should be an avoidance of pollution; that there be provision for cesspools and septic tanks. 3.7 Other Pertinent Legislation 3.7.1 National Occupational Safety and Health Bill The National Occupational Safety and Health Bill was tabled in early 2014. It establishes the National Occupational Safety and Health Authority (NOSHA). NOSHA will consist of twelve members: a Secretariat headed by a Chief Safety and Health Inspector, a Deputy Chief Safety and Health Inspector, a Health Inspector and a minimum of one Inspector per district. In addition, the implementation of the bill will obligate Government to carry out administrative and infrastructural changes to the existing workplace environment, as well as policies and procedures. The bill will set out the duties of employers in matters of safety, in order to protect workers from risk of injuries and work-related illness. Non-compliance with these provisions will warrant stern consequences. Belize, has also ratified the ILO Conventions with several of these directly associated with provisions dealing with occupational health and safety related issues. 3.7.2 Labour Act Chapter 297 The Belize Labour Act Chapter 297 Revised Edition 2000 mandates the Labour Department be responsible for the regulation of trade unions, personnel management and policies, the security of workers, management responsibilities including the collective bargaining process and grievance and disciplinary procedures.

The Minimum Wage has been set at BZ $3.10 per hour for all workers, meaning that this is the lowest amount a worker can be legally paid for his work.

The Labour Commissioner, who will instruct a Labour Officer to apply conciliation procedures, handles industrial and employment disputes.

The law provides for collective bargaining and unions practice it freely throughout the country. The Trade Unions and Employers Organizations Act of 2000 allow for employers and unions to set wages in free negotiations. However, the most common practice is for the employers to establish them according to local market demands. 3.8 Licenses and Permits Table 3.2 summarizes the various activities that require permits before construction and post construction.

Table 3.2: Licenses and Permits Required Activity License or Permit Required Permitting Agency Construction Activities Environmental Clearance Department of Environment Mangrove Removal Mangrove Removal Permit Forest Department Building Approve building plans and issue Central Building Authority Plans/Construction building permits,

4.0 GENERAL NATURE AND MAGNITUDE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

While the site is ideally located in an area within the Marion Jones Sports Complex that is furthest away from residences, with the remaining sports facilities soon to be opened for service to the public, the environmental issues of concern are significantly ameliorated by this one planning consideration. Most of the issues identified were rated either as less than significant (LS) or potentially significant. The issues of greatest concern associated with the project were those associated with the construction activity related to noise, vibrations, and fugitive dust and emissions and construction waste.

4.1 Impacts to Biodiversity and Ecology of Area The impact to the ecology and biodiversity of the area is classified as less than significant as the area lies within an already disturbed and partially cleared area. However, it is still recommended that a strip of mangroves lining the exiting canal drains be left in its natural state to serve as buffer and that management of the Complex consider the landscaping of the area with appropriate trees and ornamental plants.

4.2 Impacts Associated With Water Usage and Wastewater Management Construction Phase: During construction, water will be used for dust suppression, washing of equipment and tools and concrete mixing. In addition, it is estimated that an average of 25 to 35 construction workers will be employed at the job site requiring water for drinking and toilet usage. The combined usage of water is rated as (LS) or insignificant since these requirements can be easily met by the existing facilities on site. In addition, the issues also associated with wastewater discharge are rated as less significant (LS). It is recommended that during the construction phase, an arrangement be arrived at with the contractors for the use the existing bathroom facilities that could be made available to construction workers instead of using portable toilets or other temporary toilet facility that could lead to soil and water contamination. In addition, it should be ensured that all wastewater piping from the new facility be interconnected with the existing sewer system and retrofitted to allow for easy servicing and clean- out.

Operational Phase: During the operational phase, these issues would be significantly increased since there will be sporting events and the congregation of a large spectator crowd. Notwithstanding this, it is envisioned that the proper facilities will be linked to the Belize Sewage System like the rest of the existing Grandstand facility. 4.3 Solid Waste Disposal Issue associated with solid Waste Disposal are rated as (S) but are readily mitigated through the implementation of best practices.

Construction Phase: During the construction phase, the amount and characterization of the solid waste produced will be primarily in the form of construction waste accounting for almost 95 percent of all waste with a small percentage of the waste being domestic waste produced by the day-to-day living requirements of the construction crew.

Construction waste:

The majority of the construction waste will be primarily those associated with the construction of ferro-concrete structures. In normal construction sites, it is estimated that between 5-10% of the

31 building materials used onsite are eventually discarded as construction waste. Construction waste consists of unwanted material produced directly or incidentally by the construction. This includes building materials such as wood, sheetrock strips, insulation, nails, electrical wiring, and rebar, as well as waste originating from site preparation such as excavated materials, tree stumps, and rubble. The bulk of construction waste is made up of materials such as bricks, concrete, wood and metal (structural type) damaged or unused for various reasons during construction.

It is estimated that the construction of this facility could generate approximately 16,000 cubic yards of construction waste. This amount is considered as minimal and is readily discarded as landfill material at an approved site or simply disposed of at the Belize City Solid Waste Transfer Station.

It is recommended that all inert construction waste produced at the site such as plasterboard, mortar and tiles be used as landfill material in an approved site. Wood pieces will be recycled, as will other materials that can find additional application around the site. All other organic materials such as concrete bags, paper, cardboard and wood that cannot be recycled further, will be collected and transported to the Belize City Solid Waste Transfer Station.

Domestic Waste:

During the construction phase, work crews will produce small volumes of domestic solid waste. Construction workers will be required to ensure that the area is kept free from litter at all times and that all domestic waste are properly containerized. During the furnishing stages of the project it is expected that a small amount of wrappings and packaging materials will be produced. These will also be collected and disposed at the Belize City Solid Waste Transfer Station.

Operational Phase:

In the operational phase, it is projected that domestic solid waste will be generated. The domestic waste can be stored, collected and disposed of along with the other domestic waste streams from the Marion Jones Sports Complex operations.

4.4 Nature and Magnitude of Social Issues The nature of the social issues investigated includes land use activities within and around the project site. It is important to note that this project has a very large net positive social impact since it is intended to provide an indoor venue for two popular indoor sporting activities in Belize, namely volleyball and basketball. It will also help to meet the increasing demand for sports facilities for staging major local and international sports events in Belize. The magnitude of the potential negative impacts to nearest residences are assessed to be LS to negligible since there are no nearby residences that would be directly impacted by construction activities in the project area. However, the potential impacts to the proposed facility are rated potentially significant (S) in particular as it relates to issues associated with noise and fugitive and dust and fumes. The potential impacts to occupational health and safety are also rated as (S) with respect to these and other construction related risks for injuries. Although these issues are rated as potentially significant, they can be readily mitigated through the implementation of cost effective mitigation measures. The mangrove buffer, lining the canal separating the project site from the college, will ameliorate the impacts to the St. John’s College compound. The additional increase in traffic due to the new access road that also will service the Municipal Airstrip and the construction equipment entering and exiting the project area is considered as negligible with most of the mitigation measures focusing on prevention of pollution from these equipment and the materials they often utilize and transport. 4.5 Impacts Associated with Dust and Emissions Dust and other air emissions associated with construction activities can greatly impact on the health and quality of life of people working on, occupying adjacent facilities or living close to these sites. Dust and emissions from construction work can worsen air quality, but through careful planning and good management, these impacts can be significantly reduced.

There are a number of sources of fugitive dust and emissions from construction activities that can release a range of particles such as dust and other particulate matter and fumes from construction activities. Dust is often referred to as all particulate matter up to 75 µm in diameter and comprising both suspended and deposited dust that are primarily from non-combustion sources. PM 10 refers to a fraction of airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less.

Particulate matter includes a wide range of sizes and types of particles. This will vary in composition from place to place and time to time. Most dust particles are too big to be inhaled but can cause eye, nose and throat irritation and lead to deposition on cars, windows and property.

PM10 is of more concern to human health as the particles can enter the lungs, causing breathing and respiratory problems, with long-term health effects dominated by cardiovascular rather than respiratory problems. The PM 10-size fraction is associated with a range of effects on health including respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Particles can also carry adhered carcinogenic compounds into the lungs. The most vulnerable people are the elderly, the very young and those with existing heart and lung conditions.

The detrimental health impacts of PM10 are not confined to the construction site. These particles can travel further than coarser dust and so can affect the health of people living and working in the surrounding area of the site. It is essential to have effective dust and emission control measures in place for every dust generating activity carried out on site, not only to protect the health and safety of the on-site workforce, but also members of the public and other employees working within the adjacent Marion Jones Grandstand facility.

Emissions from equipment and dust from construction can also have an impact on indoor air quality in the neighbouring areas. Emissions can arise from a number of sources. Not only do construction activities need to be considered, but also emissions from on road vehicles associated with the construction site and on-site machinery (off-road emissions) - including both stationary and non-road mobile machinery. These can be mitigated by having equipment in good working conditions, running only when in use and with the use of exhaust filtration measures. These can reduce the remaining particulate emissions by a further 85 per cent. No equipment is to be left idling during loading and offloading of materials and supplies. In mitigating these impacts, special attention will be given to wind direction in the selection of material storage site to ensure that dust and emissions blow away from the other buildings.

4.6 Noise Pollution Impacts Noise during construction include that from machinery, such as excavators and graders, trucks delivering materials and transferring materials around the construction site, generators and power tools, and reversing beepers on mobile equipment. Noise on the construction site will vary depending on the activities being undertaken at any given time. The types of noises emitted from the graders, trucks and power tool equipment is intermittent noise with the exception of noise from the generator, which is continuous noise.

The proposed construction activity will generally generate intermittent noise within an estimated 100 dBA which is the noise produced from a power saw or similar type equipment according to a report entitled “Noise levels and exposure patterns to do-it-yourself power tools” by L. G. McClymont and D. C. Simpson. In many developed countries, occupational safety standards require that employees handling these tools for prolonged periods be given earplugs or other noise abatement safety equipment.

A report produced by the University of Oxford provides the following information contained in Table 4.1 that gives a good comparison of the different noise levels associated with different activities. Table 4.1: Noise Level Comparison.

Activity dB(A) Activity dB(A) Quiet office 40-50 Power drill 90-100

Normal conversation 50-60 Heavy lorry (7m) 95-100 Loud radio 65-70 Bar of a nightaway) club 95-105

Tractor cab 75-85 Road drill 100-110 Busy street 78-85 Chain saw 115-120

This issue was assessed as potentially significant (S) and while noise can be mitigated through the implementation of best practices, it may still be of some nuisance to MJSC Office Staff and St. Johns College to a lesser extent. It is also recommended that the mangrove lined canal that forms part of the drainage network at the MJSC and St. John’s College is left in its present state, since the mangroves, especially the tall ones, will serve as a visual, dust and noise buffer.

4.7 Impact of Storm Water and Surface Drainage The potential impacts the construction activities can have on storm water/ surface drainage or vice-versa is rated as less significant (LS). Special attention will need to be given to the 15 feet wide canal running along the northern perimeter of the project site. During the proposed clearance of the area for the proposed parking lot, it is Figure 4.1: Drain hole partially covered with recommended that a small (20 to 30 foot) backfill. Inset drain hole proposed relocation. buffer of mangrove stand be left along the edge of the canal. This will prevent erosion of the canal south bank along the parking lot maintaining the integrity of the south bank and the parking lot. It will also provide a natural buffer for the separation of the Marion Jones Sport Complex’s property from that of the Belize Airport Authority’s. Efforts must be made when backfilling the project site, that the existing 6-inch drain holes on the cement drain/walkway are not obstructed. Presently these drainage holes have been covered due to backfilling (Figure 4.1) and are now being relocated 8-inches from the top of the drain. It is important that the contractors take into consideration the appropriate sizing and positioning of these drain holes to provide for appropriate drainage of the site. Therefore, during construction, the contractor will be required to ensure that no backfill and construction material cover these drain holes.

4.8 Potential Contamination of Soil and Water Resources The issues associated with the potential contamination of the areas soil and water resources are rated as (LS) with most issues easily and readily mitigated. These issues are primarily linked with the potential for equipment oils and fuel leaks and spills that could arise from construction activities and operations of the facility. Should a supply of fuel and/or oil need to be stored in the project site, it must be in an approved fuel/oil container and properly sealed and in a secure containment area with the requisite safety signs in place. Equipment will be required to meet DOE’s standards and staff will be required to adhere to a set of best practice measures to mitigate these issues.

4.9 Potential Heritage Implications A rapid survey of the project area indicates that the project will not be affected by any archeological/heritage site. 4.10 Potential Desplacement by Land Acquisition The project does not require any land acquisition. The project is situated with the Marion Jones Sports Complex.

4.11 Potential Impact to Ozone layer and Climate Change The potential impacts to climate change from the project are assessed as (LS). The impacts to the ozone layer are also rated as relatively low because of the small amount of refrigerants used in the office rooms. In addition, no prohibited ozone depleting substances (ODS) will be used.

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN / MITIGATION PLAN 5.1 Introduction The foregoing section in this report provides a summary of the mitigation measurement and best management practices aimed at addressing the assessed potential environmental impacts on the surrounding air, water, soil, ecosystems, and human settlements in the area. In most cases, it is possible to reduce potential adverse impacts to the point where the impacts are insignificant or negligible, either through effective design, the use of green technologies and best practices or through sound operational management of the facilities. The following Environmental Mitigation Plan defines a set of recommended technologies, practices, and operational measures to prevent or mitigate adverse impacts related to the construction and operations of the proposed Volleyball/Basketball Complex.

The key in any successful mitigation measure is to adequately identify the potential negative impact and its ramifications. An environmental management plan is the best approach to address the impacts. As with all management functions, effective management tools and best practices based on constant improvements are required. Thus, the environmental management plan for the facility involves the disclosure of two concepts that are synonymous with environmental issues. These concepts are:

 Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan – Impact mitigation is the most critical component of the environmental study process. It aims to prevent adverse impacts from occurring and keeps those that do occur within an acceptable level.

 Environmental Monitoring – Environmental monitoring provides information that can be used for documentation of the impacts that result from the operational activities. This information enables the necessary feed- back mechanism essential in adjusting operational issues. Therefore, the monitoring system is a platform of measuring projected impacts and in identifying unanticipated adverse impacts or sudden changes in impact trends essential in the implementation of an environmental management program.

5.2 Impact Mitigation Measures Impact mitigation is an essential component of the environmental study process and the actions to be implemented are in relation to circumventing, ameliorating, or reducing those impacts that have been addressed previously. Identifying the appropriate mitigation measure for an identified impact must take into consideration its cost- effectiveness as these have the potential for significant financial implications. The outcome however must effectively address the impact with little or no residual repercussion to the environment.

The following is a summary of mitigation measures designed to address the impacts.

Table 5.1: Mitigation Measures for Identified Impacts

Activity Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Environmental Impacts Removal of Impacts to During the proposed clearance of the area for Contractor and Vegetation for Biodiversity and the proposed parking lot, it is recommended MJSC Building and ecosystem that a small (20 to 30 foot) buffer of administration Parking mangrove stand be left along the edge of the canal.

Thin strip of mangrove on the canal between the St. Johns College and MJSC should also be left in its natural state to act as a visual, dust and noise buffer.

Landscape with strategically placed shade trees and ornamentals to improve the aesthetic of the project site Waste water Water and ground If possible, the contractor is to arrive at an Contractor and generation by pollution arrangement with MJSC administration for MJSC Construction crew the use of existing bathroom facilities instead administration of using portable toilets or other temporary toilet facility. Waste water Ensure that plumbing from the new facility Contractor and generation from be interconnected with the existing sewer project facility during system and retrofitted to allow for easy supervisor operations servicing and clean-out Solid waste – Water and ground All inert construction waste such as Contractor and construction and pollution, littering plasterboard, mortar, tiles can be used as project domestic waste landfill material in an approved site. Wood supervisor generation during pieces will be recycled, as will other construction materials that can find additional application around the site. All other organic materials such as concrete bags, paper, cardboard and wood that cannot be recycled will need to be collected and transported to the Belize City Solid Waste Transfer Station.

Construction workers will be required to Contractor and ensure that the area is kept free from litter at project all times and that all domestic waste are supervisor properly containerized and disposed of at the Belize City Solid Waste Transfer Station.

Domestic solid Water and ground Domestic waste will be bagged, properly Staff of the waste produced pollution containerized and stored, and disposed along complex during operations of with the other domestic waste stream from facility the MJSC operations. Construction Hazardous waste/ Ensure the responsible storage and handling Contractor and activities substance of petroleum products especially during project contamination from refuelling. Limit this activity as much as supervisor operations of possible. Maintain equipment in good machinery and operational conditions -free from any oil and equipment and fuel fuel leaks.

storage In the event of spill, use absorbent material Contractor to clean up and place contaminated material in a plastic drum that is to be kept covered at all times and report any spill immediately to DOE. Operations of Potential impact to No ODS substances will be used as Ground facility ozone layer from refrigerants in the facilities cooling systems maintenance/ use of ODS in MJSC cooling systems for administration buildings Construction Fugitive dust and Plan site properly for the placement of Contractor and Activity emissions and equipment and construction storage material project impacts on health Dust causing activities and storage of sand supervisor should be located away from sensitive areas and downstream of prevailing winds. Impacts of dirt and Enclose stockpiles or keep them securely dust on access sheeted. Avoid the use of long-term routes stockpiles. Keep stockpiles or mounds away from the site boundary, watercourses and surface drains.

Ensure that all loads entering and leaving site to be covered and transportation in good operational conditions.

No bon-fire on the compound will be allowed. Erect effective barriers around dusty activities or the site boundary.

All vehicles should switch off engines – no idling vehicles will be permitted.

Wash or clean all vehicles effectively before leaving the site.

Use water as dust suppressant.

Cutting equipment to use water as suppressant or suitable local exhaust ventilation systems. When materials, such as bricks or tiles are cut with a power tool without extraction or suppression, a second worker can pour water from a plastic bottle over the material as it is being cut. This greatly reduces the amount of dust generated. Fit all machinery for activities such as plastering, sanding or rendering with dust suppression/collection equipment.

Vacuum all dust and fine waste material.

Control access to storage areas to minimise risk of theft or damage.

No site runoff of water or mud will be allowed.

Construction Impacts from noise To minimise the impact of noise from Contractor and activities pollution construction related work all construction project work that generate noise will be scheduled supervisor within normal working hours wherever possible (9.00 am to 5.00 pm Monday to Friday and 8.00 am to 1.00 pm Saturday).

Provide advance notice to the project supervisor if work is required to go beyond schedule.

No vehicles or equipment that are not in use will be left idling

Carry out regular checks on site equipment to ensure it is running smoothly and efficiently and ensure machines are not left running unnecessarily.

Arrange loading activities to avoid having to reverse, therefore reducing the use of reversing beepers when possible.

Workers will be asked to work quietly and to avoid speaking too loudly to avoid impacts to the St. Johns College activities.

It is also recommended that the mangrove lining the canal that forms part of the drainage network at the MJSC and St. John’s College is left in its present state, since the mangroves, especially the tall ones,\ will serve as a visual, noise and dust buffer. Social Impacts (Although the project is intended to have significant positive social impacts, the following must be considered.) Design of Facility Provide facilities for disabled people, ramps, Design entrances and turning points for wheel chairs, Contractors parking, etc.

Design of facility must take into consideration gender differences for restrooms and changing rooms, etc.

Design of facility must provide for an ambulance bay and its proper location for an unobstructed access. Construction Social impacts Ensure that the contractors consider gender Contractor and activities equity in employing workers and if project employing foreign labour, that these supervisor individuals have their necessary work permits Social impacts- dust Ensure vehicles transporting material are in Contractor and and dirt on street good working conditions and properly project

covered when transporting materials. supervisor

Because of the “remote location” from residences and night business activities, there is an incentive to work beyond the normal working hours 8:00 am to 5:00 pm. In this case, ensure that all equipment safety lights are operational and the project area has adequate illumination. Avoid spot light facing directly towards access roads to avoid blinding drivers Impacts on Ensure construction workers are properly Contractor and occupational health outfitted with all essential PPE including project of workers hardhats, construction vest, gloves, goggles supervisor and earplug when needed. Maintain a first aid kit on-site as part of response to construction injury

5.3 Monitoring Of Environmental Management Plan The implementation of this Environmental Management plan will depend greatly on the project supervisor and contractor and the support of MJSC Administration. It is expected that UNOPS personnel and DOE will also be carrying compliance monitoring to ensure that the conditions under which environmental clearance is issued is adhered to.

It is recommended that the contractor identify an on-site liaison person with responsibility for ensuring implementation of the proposed environmental management plan. This person will be required to maintain a site logbook to record details and action taken in response to exceptional incidents or dust-noise causing episodes. It should also be used to record the results of routine site inspections and should be made available for inspection by the pertinent authorities.

Prior to commencing construction, the Environmental Management Plan, in particular the measures taken to mitigate negative environmental impacts shall be reviewed with construction staff to ensure compliance with the objectives of the plan. As the facility is being constructed, the adequacy of mitigation measures shall be assessed and where necessary revised in consultation with project supervisor. The Staff of the complex and MJSC administration will be responsible for all mitigation measures related to the operations of the facility. 5.3.1 Reporting Requirements The project supervisor and contractor or his liaison person will be required to comply with all of the reporting requirements required by DOE or the Ministry responsible for Sports, which will include a report at the end of construction, highlighting the level of success and difficulties

42 encountered in the implementation of the plan.

The project supervisor will also hold periodic meetings with the contractor(s) and construction crew regarding the implementation of ongoing environmental considerations. The contractor liaison officer will assist any duly authorized officers in the performance of their duties during site visits, which are in connection with the project’s implementation and that of the environmental management plan. It is the responsibility of the contractor to immediately report to the Department of the Environment, any accidental or intentional activity that has the potential to negatively impact or damage the environment, such spills of fuels and other contaminants.

APPENDIXES

Appendix I: Marion Jones Sports Complex Proposed Layout

Appendix II: Curriculum Vitae Ismael Fabro

CURRICULUM VITAE ISMAEL ELIGIO FABRO

#2216 Juliet Soberanis St. Belama Phase I, Belize City, Belize Tel/Fax: 501-223-1819 Cell: 501-6071947 [email protected]

NATIONALITY: Belizean

LANGUAGES: English, Spanish

DATE OF BIRTH: February 13, 1958

AREAS OF EXPERTISE:

Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental, Health and Safety Audits Environmental Legislation  Environmental Management  Environmental Emergency Response Planning  Water Quality Monitoring  Natural Resources Assessment  Ecology  Pollution Control  Solid Waste Management  Ecological Effects of Pollution  Training in Environment and Conservation  Project Management  Project Evaluation

PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND:

Ismael Eligio Fabro is an environmental scientist with 18 years experience in Environmental Management as Belize’s Chief Environmental Officer from 1990- 2008. Under his term as Chief Environmental, Mr. Fabro was responsible for the institutional development of the Department of the Environment and the development of Belize’s National Environmental Agenda. Two years after it was first opened, with much hard work and planning, the Department of the Environment was legally established under the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) of 1992. Since then the EPA has undergone several amendments aimed at improving Belize’s ability to respond to new environmental challenges, reflecting the dynamic nature of environmental management in Belize.

Under Mr. Fabro’s term in office, the Department was able to grow into one of Belize’s most dynamic and respected Government Departments. During these 18 years Mr. Fabro played a leadership role in the development of Belize’s current national environmental policies, legislations such as the Environmental Protection Act, Pollution Regulations, Effluent Limitation Regulations, and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation. During his tenure, the National Environmental Action Plan was developed and implemented among several other sectoral plans and programs. He was also responsible for the preparation of cabinet papers that led to Belize becoming a signatory to several Multilateral Environmental Conventions.

As Chief Environmental Officer, Mr. Fabro was responsible for preparing the proposal and acquiring grant funding for the preparation of Belize’s National Solid Waste Management Plan. To ensure proper guidance of the project, he spearheaded the activation of the Solid Waste Management Authority and served as its first Chairman.

In October of 2005, Mr. Fabro was seconded to the position of acting Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment and served in this capacity until June 2007. As Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry he was able to positively influence the development of the new petroleum industry and to accelerate the implementation of the strategic plans of the Forest Department, Lands and Survey Department and other departments within the Ministry.

In both capacities, Mr. Fabro had the opportunity to represent the Government of Belize in numerous high-level National, Regional and International meetings, negotiations and other forums. He sat as chair of the Pesticide Registration Subcommittee of the Pesticide Control Board, National Environmental Appraisal Committee and the Environmental Subcommittee of the National Emergency Management Organization and as member of the Solid Waste Management Authority, Protected Areas Conservation Trust and several other committees.

Educated primarily in Belize and the USA, Mr. Ismael Fabro was the recipient of a USAID/ Campus Scholarship under which he obtained a Bachelor of Science Degree graduating, summa cum laude, at the top of his class in Mankato State University, a current branch of Minnesota State University. During this period Mr. Fabro also managed to complete his postgraduate courses obtaining a Master of Science Degree shortly thereafter.

Prior to heading the Department of the Environment in 1990, Mr. Fabro had served as the head of the science division of Edward P. Yorke High School where he served as a Biology and Chemistry Teacher from 1981-1989.

In addition to these 27 years of Public Service, Mr. Fabro had worked at the Belize Sugar Industries Ltd. as Assistant Chemist (1978-1979) and at Pallotti High School (1979-1981) as the Chemistry Teacher.

Mr. Fabro currently works as an Environmental Consultant and is the Managing Director of Belize Environmental Technologies, a newly registered environmental consulting company.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING: Master of Science, Ecology MANKATO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA (1993)

Bachelor of Science (SUMMA CUM LAUDE), Biology with Emphasis in the Environmental Sciences and a Minor in Chemistry MANKATO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA (1987)

Associates of Science Degree (Dean’s List), Majors in Chemistry and Biology ST. JOHN’S JUNIOR COLLEGE, BELIZE (1978)

Secondary School Honour Graduation Diploma, ST. JOHN’S COLLEGE, BELIZE (1976)

Certificate in Environmental Protection NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING, TAIWAN (1998)

Certificate in Human Resources Management THE WORLD TRADE INSTITUTE, USA (1995)

Certificate in Management Skills Development THE WORLD TRADE INSTITUTE, USA (1995)

Certificate in Environmental Assessment and Monitoring (Langkawi Awards for Environmental Studies-Commonwealth Secretariat) COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, INDIA (1991)

PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCIES (Recent 2008 - 2014)

As Legal Specialist/Team Member, completed a short-term consultancy for the Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Enhancement of the Department of the Environment of the Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development. 2014.

As an Environmental Specialist/Team Leader along with a Social Specialist and a Disaster Risk Management Specialist conducted an “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Rehabilitation of the George Price Highway between miles 47.9 and 79.4.” 2014.

As a Natural Resource Management Expert formed part of a consultancy team to Develop Legislation and Regulations for Protected Areas Management in Belize. 2014 As Environmental and Institutional Development Specialist headed a consultancy to draft a National Environmental Strategy and Action Plan for the Government of Belize.

Team Leader in the carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment for Blue Waters International to farm Red Drum Fish of the coast of Belize City. 2014

As an Environmental Professional, completed a consultancy for a Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) of a property consisting of a total of 640 acres of land containing a foreclosed tilapia fish farm. The fish farm known as Fresh Catch Belize Limited is located in the village of La Democracia, off the Coastal Road in the Belize District. 2014

As an Environmental Legal Specialist/Team leader, completed a consultancy funded by the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat, to undertake a Diagnostic and Analytical Review of the Environmental Governance System in Belize. -2013

Environmental Impact Assessment for Boiton Minerals Limited to Prospect and Mine Gold in the Chiquibul Forest Area. July 2012

Sunny City Development-Township Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report, April 2012

Sewage Needs Assessment Pilot Project for Caye Caulker 2009-2011- Final Report.

Department of the Environment. September 2011.

Neuland Reinlaender Homestead-Agriculture Project- Project Documentation and Environmental Checklist- October 2011.

Belize’s National Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR) Assessment Report. Belize SAICM Initiative Mainstreaming into Development Plans the Sound Management of Chemicals (SMC) Priorities for Key Development Sectors in Belize and Associated SMC Governance Project. Department of the Environment and SG – CCAD. July 2011

Mainstreaming and Capacity Building for Sustainable Land Management in Belize - Mid Term Evaluation Report, prepared for UNDP, January 2011

The Institutional Strengthening of the Solid Waste Management Authority and the Department of the Environment in Institutional/Legal and Environmental/Technical areas in Solid Waste Management, Local Consultant, GENIVAR Ltd., Trinidad and Tobago, July 2010

Current Environmental Situation in Belize and Environmental Considerations for Tourism Development (Reports) – Local Environmental Consultant -Belize Tourism Master Plan, Tourism & Leisure Advisory Services SL, Spain, July 2010.

Fourth National Report to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, Lead Consultant, Government of Belize, May 2010.

Placencia Marina Limited Supplementary Environmental Impact Assessment, Placencia, Stann Creek, December 2009

PERENCO’s Block A, Belize 2D Seismic Exploration Project Proposal and Environmental Report for Environmental Clearance Application, November 2009.

Placencia Estate Limited Golf Course Limited Level Environmental Study, Placencia, Stann Creek, October 2009

Yum Balisi’s Environmental Impact Assessment, Stann Creek, August 2009.

National Environmental Guidelines for Marinas and Berthing Facilities– Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, April 2009.

National Environmental Guidelines on Overwater Structures – Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, March 2009.

Revised Environmental Impact Assessment for Mile 22 Sanitary Landfill and Transfer Station, February 2009.

Integrating Protected Areas and Landscape Management in the Golden Stream Watershed (PIMS 1740) – Mid Term Evaluation Report, December 2008.

Environmental Audit and Review – Old Belize Adventure Cucumber Beach Marina, December 2008.

Feasibility and Environmental Studies for the Renewable Technology (Hydroelectric) for Douglas D’Silva Forest Station in the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve, Cayo, Belize, October 2008.

CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS ATTENDED:

As head of the Department of the environment for 18 years, Mr. Fabro had the opportunity to represent Belize in numerous international high level meetings and conferences and served as head of delegation on many occasions.

Conferences and Meetings (Selected):

XXVIII Extraordinary Meeting of The Central American Commission on Environment and Development (CCAD) on the Regional Strategy For Climate Change, Regional Strategy on Agriculture and the Environment and The Regional Integrated Water Resources Strategy, Dominican Republic, (March 2008)

As Belize’s CCAD Liaison Officer, Mr Fabro attended most of the technical preparatory and ministerial meetings of the CCAD.

Conference on the Use of Dispersants in Sensitive Coastal Areas (Oil Spills Preparedness Plan), Panama, (Dec 2007)

X Regional Forum: Renewable Energy Initiatives in Central America’s Sugar Industry, Belize, 2007

Eight Meeting of the Conference of the Parties on Biological Diversity, Brazil, (March 2006). Head of Delegation.

II Central American Conference on Renewable Energy, Honduras, (Feb.2005)

Regional Meeting on the Stockholm Convention to review draft Guidelines on Best Available Techniques and Best Environmental Practices relevant to Article5 and Annex C of the Convention, Argentina, (March 2005)

Eight Special Session of the Governing Council/ Global Ministerial Environment Forum, Korea (March 2004). Head of Delegation

Regional GRULAC Consultations on SAICM and meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the development of a strategic approach to International Chemicals Management, Kenya (Oct. 2004)

Cleaner Production and Environmental Management Systems Workshop, Belize 2004

Conference on Environmental Risk Assessment on Pesticide Use, El Salvador, (Nov. 2004)

Regional Workshop on the Management of Solid Waste in Central America, El Salvador, (Mar. 2004)

USEPA-Pesticide Registration Training Workshop, USA, (Oct. 2003)

Regional Forum on Renewable Energy and Meeting of the Steering Committee of CCAD’s Alliance on Energy and the Environment, Panama, (June 2003)

Seminar on Cooperation on responses to Oil Spill at Sea, organized by the Regional Activity Center/ Regional Marine Pollution Education, Information and Training Center- Caribbean, Panama (April 2003)

Training Workshop on FAO Specifications Applicable to Pesticide Registration of Agricultural Pesticides, Belize, (July 2003)

First Intergovernmental Review Meeting of the Global Program of Action (GPA), Canada, (Nov 2001)

Conference on Enhancing Defence- Environmental Cooperation in Central America and the Caribbean, Costa Rica, (May 2001)

First Meeting of the Regional Task Force on the Environment, Guyana (2001)

The Twenty- First Session of the Governing Council of UNEP, Kenya (Feb. 2001)

Regional Seminar on Phyto-sanitary Registration and Intellectual Property Rights, Guatemala, (July 2001)

5th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada, (Feb. 2000). Attended Meeting as head of delegation.

III Regional Meeting on the Institutional Development of the Environmental Health Divisions within the Ministries of Health, Chile (2000)

Conference of Plenipotentiaries to Adopt the Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land- Based Sources and Activities of the Wider Caribbean Region, Aruba, (Oct 1999). Head of Delegation

Seminar for High Level Government Officials on Economic Globalization, Sustainable Development and the Environment in Central America, Costa Rica, (Feb. 1997) Management Development Seminar on Internal Relations, Economics and Negotiations, Belize, (Nov 1995)

Second National Symposium on the State of the Belize Environment, Belize, (Oct. 1995) Organized and chaired several sessions.

3rd International Meeting of the INTERNATIONAL Society for Ecological Economics, Costa Rica, (Oct, 1994). Organized and chaired several sessions.

Workshop on Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Belize, (Dec. 1993)

Seminar on Environmental Management, Costa Rica, (Mar. 1992)

First National Symposium on State of the Belize Environment, (Jun. 1992) Regional Workshop on Data Management using SPSS+PC, Costa Rica, (Nov. 1990)

AWARDS (Selected):

Commonwealth Scholarship (Langkawi Awards for Environmental Studies in Environmental Assessment and Monitoring (1991)

USAID/ Campus Scholarship (1985-1987)

Honour Student Award, Mankato State University (1986)

SUMMA CUM LAUDE Graduate (1987)

Belize Government Associate Degree Achievement Scholarship (1976)

Holy Redeemer Credit Union High School Achievement Scholarship (1972)

COMPUTER SKILLS:

Microsoft Office Suite

Statistics: Inferential and Descriptive Statistic using SPSS-X and Excel

World-Wide-Web, E-mail and Search Engines

CAREER HISTORY:

July 2008 - Present Environmental Consultant and Managing Director Belize Environmental Technologies, Belize City, Belize

July 2007 – June 2008 Chief Environmental Officer, Department of the Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, Belmopan, Belize

Oct 2005 – June 2007 Chief Executive Officer (Acting), Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment (Seconded), Belmopan, Belize

Jan 1990 – Sep 2005 Chief Environmental Officer, Department of the Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, Belmopan, Belize

Nov 1989 – Dec 1990 Environmental Officer in the Department of the Environment, Ministry of Tourism and the Environment, Belmopan, Belize

Sep 1981- Nov. 1989 Biology and Chemistry Teacher (Head of Science Division) Edward P. Yorke High School, Belize City, Belize

Sep 1979 – May 1981 Chemistry and General Science Teacher Pallotti High School, Belize City, Belize

Sep 1978- May 1979 Assistant Chemist, Belize Sugar Industries Tower Hill, Orange Walk, Belize

OTHER INFORMATION:

Fluent in both spoken and written English and Spanish Excellent writing abilities Excellent interpersonal skills Avid reader and sport enthusiast

Appendix III: Persons Contacted/Interviewed

Stephan MONDAMERT | Project Coordinator Imer Herandez Construction Co. Ing. Luis Mena - incharge of the project. Suprevisor Florencio Osorio Thurton and Associates (Dwayne Thurton) Marcelo Windsor - Deputy Chief Forest Officer Jorge Franco - Environmental Officer Head of EIA Project Evaluation Unit Virgil Palacio - Project Mgr Marion Jones Sports Complex- in the Ministry of Sports Glen Vernan - Sport Council - MJSC Maintenance Supervisor Abdus Bullwer - Supervisor Core Sampling Operation Albert Roches- Private Security at MJSC