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Vol. 12, NO.7 FEATURES July 1998
6 Antonia-mother of Claudius Q!;!Je ([elator Incorporaling by Jasper Bums Roman Coins and Culrure Publisher/Editor Page 6 - "Antonia" 10 The Horae: the Four Seasons Wayne G. Sayles [email protected] by Jasper Burns in Roman numismatics by Marvin Tameanko Customer Services Accounting 20 The 'Standing Caliph' coinage Doris J. Sayles [email protected] by Tony Goodwin
Art: Parnell Nelson 36 Ancient coins as cultural property: Page 10 - "Horae" by Marvin Tameanko A legal perspective on numismatics P.O. Box 911 (express to HC1 Box 124H) and the antiquities trade Gainesville, MO 65655 by Peter K. Tompa phone: 417-679-2142 fax: 417-679-2524 http://www.celator.com DEPARTMENTS The Celator (ISSN # 10480986) is an indepen dent journal published on 2 The Celator's Point of View the fi rst day of each month Page 20 - "Caliph" at HC1 Box 124H, by Tony Goodwin 4 Letters to the Editor - Quotes from the Past Gainesville, MO 65655. It is circulated internationally 26 People in the News - Profiles in Numismatics through subscriptions and special distributions. 27 Art and the Market Subscription rates, payable in U.S. funds, are $27 per 28 Coming Events year (Periodical rate) within the United States; $30 to 29 Just for Beginners by Wayne G. Sayles Canada; $48 per year to ali other addresses (ISAL). 30 Coins of the Bible by David Hendin Advertising and copy deadline is the fi rst 32 Antiquities by David Liebert workday of each month. Unsolicited articles and 33 Book News Page 36 - "Legal" news releases are wel come, however publication by Peter K Tampa 39 Long Before Columbus by Joe Rose cannot be guaranteed. 41 Curator's Column Guest: Jergen Steen Jensen Periodical postage paid (USPS #006077) Ladi, WI 42 Coin File - Trivia - Humor 53555 and additional About the cover: offices. Copyright ©1998, Drawing of Antonia, 43 Professional Directory Celator, Inc. the mother of Claudius. Postmaster: please send by Jasper Burns. 50 Index of Advertisers address changes to : 52 Classifieds P.O . Box 911, Gainesville, MO 65655
Deadline for the September issue is Monday, August 3 per year (U .S. funds) effective August I . As a consideration to our faithful Q:lre ee(4t'0~ 's Canadian readers we will accept rc newals of up to two years at the present rate until August 1st. The U.S. and iZ'olht' 01 Zllehl . • Foreign rates are unaffected by this change. Commentary by Wayne G. Sayles Since we're on that subject, ship ping costs have become a major con sideration i n international trade. Whether it be for coins or magazines, ast month we were in New schedule and that the editorial errors the shipping costs are often exorbitant. York City participating in have been relatively minor. We strive We purchased a lot of six coins from the ANS workshop on Is fo r excellence, but sometimes we !? an overseas auction not long ago and lamic coins. The big news on the day come up a little short. Ironically, the the shipping charge was over $60! that we arrived was that the city taxis better we get at it, the more is ex ;This, on top of a 15% buyer's fee, can were on strike. It seems that the mayor pected. This is only natural. We can 'discourage one from buying coins had initiated a crackdown on erratic not fault a reader, who pays for a abroad. The same is true of overseas taxi driving and was threatening to Ce/ator subscription at the same rate subscribers trying to buy coins in pull the licenses of those who drove as Better Homes & Gardens or Na America or products from The Celator. with traditional New York taxi aban tional Geographic, for expecting per For example, it costs us $3.84 for a 52 don. Ironically, as we watched the fection. After all, The Cefalor shows page Celator to Australia, and $4.50 news reports, we found ourselves em up in the same mailbox. if it exceeds that size. It doesn't take pathizing with the taxi drivers. So what happencd in New York? a rocket scientist to figure out that we This seems a bit incredible, having The cabbies went back to work, and lose money on everyone that we mail on more than one occasion sweated probably drove a bit more rationally. out of our regular cycle (Our monthly blood in a New York taxi. But, in the What happened in Gainesville? We bulk mailing is cheaper, but we can midst of this chaos, it suddenly be produced another issue and tried to re not insert additional back issues. That came clear that the taxi drivers were member to run the spell checker on was previously an option, but the postal service has restructured its cri "We'll simply have to try harder." teria and eliminated that possibility). This is the reason that we have started charging actual shipping costs on all doing all they could to survive against everything! Of course the spell foreign orders of Celator products. overwhelming odds. They drive the checker can't tell us th at we duplicated It is ironic that the Internet is open way they do because it is all they can a photo in Simon Bendall's excell ent ing up business opportunities between do. If they dutifully fol lo wed the ant article last month (see the Letters sec countries at an incredible rate, and at like stream of vehicles on New York tion for the correction). Nor wi ll it tell the same time, regulations and costs streets they would soon be out of busi us that we failed to change our guest of transferring products is making in ness. curator in the contents section from ternational commerce more difficult. It is not unl ike the production of Bob Hoge to Bruce Brace. Sorry All we can do is try to be as cost -co n~ The Cefator. We do all that we can Bruce! There are simply thousands of scious as possible and keep our cus do, and in the process we sometimes opportunities to err in this way, and tomers informed of the options. cross the yellow line or block an in only one way to prevent error. We'll Well, we seem to have wandered tersection as we rush to our destina simply have to try harder. a bit in this missive. Forgive us, but tion. For example, a recemletter from While we're on the subject of busi we like to explain the rationale for one reader chastised us for a rash of ness-we have the unfortunate task of some of the things that happen typographical errors in recent issues. announcing that our subscription rates within these pages. We have always Although we try to produce the most to Canada must increase. In years thought of The Celator as a partner professional publication that we can, past, the mailing of periodicals to ship of diverse elements which we the frantic crunch often takes its toll Canada cost only slightly more than help to interface in our role as fa on that particular aspect. It is not that to the U.S. This is no longer the case. cilitator. It is a fact that our readers we are incapable of finding errors, it In fact, the rate to Canada is now four and advertisers must feel a sense of is simply that we rush to the printer in times higher than our U.S. periodical ownership, even of th e problems that a marathon finish to each monthly rate! We are at a loss to explain why we face, or we will surely become cycle. This is not a good recipe for the di fferential has widened for Cana extinct-and we w ill no longer en zero-defects. dians when it has stayed relatively flat joy the benefit of listening to your All things considered, we are for U.S. and other foreign shipments. point of view. pleased that the production is back on The new rate for Canada will be $36
([.he Cel4tO'l is Mmed idl aJtd dedi.c4ted to tlte cd>t die-el1?ZtWeflS 0-6 AAtiquit1f ""hose tat zemail1S as po""eziul al1d appealil1? toda'f as il1 theiz 0""" time,
2 The Celator THE REWARDS OF COLLECTING ARE FOUND AT SPINK
Pamphylia, Aspendos (C. 370 B e ), Silver Stater, x1.S Known [rotn only one obverse die, this issue shows wrestlers engaging in the pankration, a no-holds-barred contest in which the breaking of fingers was permitted.
We lIlvite enquines about the fi ne inventories of G reek and Roman coins held at the N ew York gallery of Spink America. D o not hesitate to put our considerable expertise at your disposal whether you are buying or selling.
For more information call T homas Tesoriero or Oan Trout at (212) 546~ 1056. O ffic e hours: Monday - Friday, 10:00 - 6:00
SPINK A M E R c A
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July 1998 3 Meaty Issue be coded inactive. This means that you will have to order any missed issues I thought the last issue of The as a separate transaction at the rate of Celatorwas the best ever. You gave us S5 for the first issue and $3 for each a meaty article on Greek history and additional issue. Sending missed is coinage and a frank discussion of th e sues out of cycle costs us nearly $2 in ethics 01 collecting. Looking fOlWard to postage alone for the U.S. and nearly more li ke this one. double th8t for overseas shipments. On Stanley Palombo top of that, we have packing and han , , via the Internet dling costs. The moral of the story is renew early and save money!) Doubly Happy Website Reviews Thanks for including Simon Bendall's Is il possible to provide a review of Thieves in the Night article on the double striking of late Byz Inlernel siles on ancients on an occa AE-SUBSCRI BE????? How dare antine scyphate coins in the June issue. sional or ongoing basis? Also, is it pos you? The only way you got any money I am always fasc inated by scyphate sible 10 devote an area 10 hoards, e,g, oul of me in Ihe fi rst place was through coinage and this was a wonderful ex recenl finds or, if nothing new, hoslorical false advertising. Your advertisement in planation of the [double] striking of these hoards (hoard highlights). Anyway, love specifically stated th at very interesting coins. I was doubly your magazine, Numism8tic News you covered all aspects of ancient coins happy to see figure 9, as it assisted me in Michael Slavin, M.D. and ancient coin collecting. Bull Pup identifying one of Ihose in my co llection. Michigan Keep up the good work, I do hope we see pies. Your rag is confi ned to MEDITER RANEAN ancients and neglects the re more Byzantine articles in the future. (We could easily publish website mainder of the entire world! How lim Larry Gaye reviews, just as we do book reviews, ited you are. You take 1f100lh of the Oregon and will entertain such reviews from ancient world and act like that Is all there anyone who wishes to contribute. is. I have never seen a single coin in (Perhaps Simon Bendall is reading They will be published as space per your magazine that inlerested me in the these lines and can be templed 10 mits. Publishing hoard news is a bit least. (As you can probably guess, I spe share more of his insights into the more problematic. See the article in cialize in coins of the Far East.) Thanks world of Byzantine (or shouldn't we say this issue by Peter Tompa.) Remaicn?) coins. Unfortunately, in his a bunch for lying, I feel like you stole my money. Don't expect me to fall for you r article we printed the wrong photo Good Old Days graph for figure 6. The correct pho propaganda again. Do you even know tograph is provided here. We apolo My sincere thanks forconlinuing my thai you are looking at a mud puddle and gize to Simon and to our re8ders for mailings after the subscription had neglecting the WORLD? the confusion.) lapsed-it is a sure sign Ihat one's life Ed Moore is fi lled wilh too much that is unimpor Texas tant when one forgels 10 renew for a (Apparently our ignorance knows no major joy- The Celator. bounds-but I guess you aren't reading this anyway?) Howard Driver Hawaii One More Time Gave up collecting coinsl Bad expe (Howard was lucky! In the good old rience and too old! Bul I miss The days we could carry a delinquent sub Gelator, the most educalional and enter scriber for a couple months after expi taining journal I have experienced in ration and give them a chance to re years! So lei me have it for another year. consider. With mailing costs escalat ing and the increased number of re Hans Burkhart newals processed each month we sim California ply can't do it any longer. We provide two notices of pending expiration. If Kudos for Staff Figure 6 (x2) you fail to renew at that time you will Ever si nce receiving my first copy of The Celator in June 1994, I have been as impressed wi th the professional and courteous conduct of the magazine's QUOTES FR OM THE PAST staff as I have been with the superb qual ily of your product. I consider it a privi "Omnia fert aetas, animum quoque" lege 10 have my articles appear in your magazine'S pages. Vergil, 70-19 B.C. Jasper Burns Virginia ,:hJOWaW ual\a '6U!IHAJaAa heMe sapJe:) aW!.l" (Articles like yours make the publica tion what it is, we merely assemble them) 4 The Celator WORLD ,-"'" ,'"'''''''''' J((J M I IY~l ~ll >::1I' '"'' • •>' AUCTION COMPANY Licensed & Bonded Auction Co. #000 P.O. Box 123 Somewhere In The World (210) 555-1234 (700) 555-1234 FAX (210) 555-4321
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July 1998 5 Antoma- m.other of Claudius
When Antonia turned eighteen in by Jasper Burns the spring of IS B. C., she married the twenty year old Drusus. Li ving to gether in the imperial household from Despite the scandals and tragedies an early age and knowing Ihal Ihey that afflicted Augustus' household, it were destined for each other may have still produced some of the most ac prepared the couple for a successful complished and respected personali married li fe. Un like most of the ar ties in Roman history. None of them ranged marriages of the Imperial fam were more distinguished th an Antonia ily, Antonia's and Drusus' union sur Minor, the younger of two daughters vived and became legendary for its from the short-lived, politic3I1y-moti harmony, happiness, and fidelity. vatcd marriage of Au gustus' sister The princesses of Rome, like prin O c ta via to hi s archenemy Mark cesses everywhere, were called beau Antony. tifu l al most as a matter of course. But Antoni a was born on January 3 1. Antonia had, only that their first died in the ease of Antonia. the praise seems in infancy and that three li ved to adult 36 B. C. she never met her father, who to have been warnmted. The Greek was living wi th the famous Egy ptian hood. These were the s plendid poet Crinagoras called her "supreme German icus, born in 15 B.C" a daugh Queen Cleopatra before she was even in beauty and mind ." The biographer born . After being divorced by Antony ter named Livilla, born a couple of Plutarch al so celebrated her beauty, as 32 B. years later, and the future Roman em in c., Octavia moved wit h her well as her discretion, and the Roman children into the home of Augustus peror Claudius, born in the province writer Pliny the Elder said that her and Livia. Already living there were of Gaul in 10 S.c. manners were so gentle and refined Livi a's sons by her first marriage: Duty cal led Drusus to command that even spitting was against her na Tiberius, aged 9, and the five year-old Roman armies in the fi eld, and he was tu re. Her statues and coin portraits Drusus, to whom Antonia was soon away at the wars for much of the time suggest a forbearing but fi rm tempera betrothed. from 15 B.C. on. He was a resource ment, a keen intellect and a classic ful, adventurous general who, in tan After Augustus became emperor, he beauty, with large eyes, long straight married his daughter Julia to Antonia's dem with his brother Tiberiu s, con nose, and a strong chin. older half-brother Marcellus. But in quered the Alps and extended Roman Drusus was energetic and charis when Marcellus was only control over many of the German 23 B.C., 20, matic, and proved to be a devoted hus he died from a fever. Octavia aban tribes that threatened the Empire's band. His portraits suggest a robust, doned herself to her grief. Her devas northwestern frontiers. But in 9 B.C., determined but agreeable sort of man. tation was so profound that she wore afler hi s army had penetrated more It is no surprise that he and his noble mourning clothes for the remaining deeply into German territory than ever bride captured the imagination of Ro twelve years of her life and spent long before, Drusus fell from hi s horse and man society. The idyll ic wedding of periods shut up in her darkened room. broke his leg. the charming couple was even cel She couldn ' t even bearto hear her son's The injured hero was taken to his ebrated in poetry. We do nOI know name mentioned or see his portrait. army's summer camp, where hi s con how many child ren Drus us a nd di tion g rew worse. The news of Drusus' accident reached Rome and his brother Tiberi us covered the fi ve hundred miles to be with him with unprecedented speed. For th irty days HOUSE OF tlfler hi s fall , the twenty-nine year-old general lived on while Rome pray e~ and sacrifi ced for his recovery. But It was not to be. Tiberius caught hi s LEAEYKOL dying breath, and then, wa lking the P.O. Box 48 01 e ntire di stance, accompanied his Fresno CA 93728 brother's body to Rome. Orusus was widely loved and ad mired, and would be mourned for de Coins of the Seleukid Empire cades after his passing. Tiberius gave Write for our latest Fixed Price l ist an oration at his funeral. So did
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July 1998 7 Augustus, who composed the epitaph under Augustu s' new legislation, she role in Roman history. Her eldest, for hi s grave and even wrote a biogra was free to administer her affairs with Germanicus, would follow in hi s phy of him. In her gri ef, Antonia took out need of a male guardi an. The way father's footsteps as a daring and after her mother. The Roman poet in which Antonia handled the dut ies popular general and marry Augustu s Ovid tells us that she screamed in her and opportunities that her position granddaughtcr Agrippina. Antonia's agony like a madwoman, tore at her gave her made a profound mark on the daughter Liv illa was married to hair, even auempted suicide. She was fu tu re. For example, she rai sed and Tiberi us' son, Nero Claudius Drusus. only 27 but , despite her youth and educated numerous foreign princes and She was distinguished by giving birth pressure from Augustus, whose soci al princesses who were in Rome as hos to Iwin sons-an event thai was com legislati on requi red widows to re tages from the countries that sur memorated on coins. She also left marry, Antonia refused to take another rounded the Roman Empire. These another. less auspicious ma rk o n hu sband. She was a true univira, a children came from places such as events, as we will soon see. "one man woman." Indeed, she li ved Judaea, Thrace, Maurelania, Armenia, An tonia·s youngest ch ild was for the rest of her life in the room at even Rome's arc he ne my Parthi a, Claudius. who was afflicted with a Livia's house th at she had shared with Antonia Romanized her royal charges serious ai lment that effec ted his Drusus ! and they took her innuence and their speech. walking, and general de Antonia did not withdraw from Ihe loyalty to her and to Rome back to their meanor. He stammered when he world as her mother had done. She countri es when they were grown . Her talked and dragged his right foot when had three young children to raise, and con tacts throughout the ancient world he walked. His head and hands shook had inherit ed from her parents and made Antonia one of the most impor Slightly and his nose ra n when he was husband enormous wealth and prop tant people of her tim e. angry. Obviously, he was not what erty, making her the second ri chest When she wanted a holiday fro m Augustus had in mind for an Imperial woman in the Empire after Livia. She her busy life in Rome, Antonia oft en role model, so Claudius was kept out owned extensive real estate in several stayed at her villa in Campania, two of public view and did not purs ue a provinces, especiall y in Egypt , where days away on the magni ficent Bay of public career like other male members her holdings included vineyards, palm Baiae near Naples. It was here she kept of the royal fami ly. groves, pastures for sheep and goats, her pet fi sh, a lamprey to which she The ancient h istorians praised even a neet of fishing boats. With was so devoted that she had earrings Antonia for her gentleness and com these assets came tremendous respon made for it. This fi sh became famou s passion. But these qualilies were not sibilit ies, and Antonia was one of the and attracled crowds of sightseers. al ways in evidence where Claud iu s mOSI responsible people in Rome. Each of Antonia's three surviving was concerned. She is said to have As the mother of three children, chi ldren grew up to play an important called him "a monster of a man, whom Nature began but left unfinished." Her standard insult for stupidity was to call someone "cven more of a fool than my son Claudius !" Despite Antonia's comments. there is evidence of her affection for her son. When SPINK. THE OLDEST Claudius, who was a historian and scholar of considerable ability. de ESTABLISHED COIN cidcd to write a history of Rome, his mother warned him to skip over con BUSINESS IN THE troversial periods in Augustus' early career, probably saving him from get WORLD. ting into trouble. Antonia was nearly 50 in A.D. 14 when her uncle Augusms died and her Coins from anciem to modern bought and sold · Free ve rbal valuations brother-in-law Tiberius became the E ~pert impartial ad vice given· Coi ns bought outright, Of sold on commission seco nd emperor of Ro me. Regutar auctions held· please se nd for our cu rrentlisl • Pu bli shers and st()C ktis t of Germanicus was 28 and already a suc num i ~ m a ti c books · Pu bli shers of The Numismatic Circular since 1892 · Ad vice and cessfu l general with many victories pu re hase at auction sales on collectors' behalf - all maj or salc s aucndcd . over the Gcrmans under his belt. It for fu"her information on anci ent coins comac t was rumored thai Tiberius resented the John Pen . popularity of his nephew, and when Quote The Celator for a free edit ion of The Numismatic Germanicus d ied under mys terious Circuh.r, our fixed price list of coin s of all the series and a circumstances in A. D. 19, many be fo rum fo r numismatic debate, Subscription $60 (I 0 i ss u e~) lieved that the Emperor was respon sible. The death of Germani cus se nt shock waves through the Empire, Su spicions about Tiberius' guilt put Antonia in a difficult position. She was on friendly terms with the Em peror, she li ved with his mother Livia, SPiNK& SQN LTD,5,6& 7 KINGS1'R.aT.Sl'. JAMES'S.W"OONSW tY6QS. TEL I7 t·93Q.'rilS!:, EAX; !J t·S)'MS5J, Tl!t£X: 9167t l. r~ PUo.i .... w ___ , Si1>'ct, Jewdl«y"" ~~ , OriuIUJ,N,;.., "'" '
1. Carnusi",. 287-293 A.D . AR Denariu" Cuirassed arxl lau reate boSl r. Rc": She wol f suckl ing Romulus and Remu,. R$C V 5. Kingdom of Matroun, Alexander III 336-323 IJ.L AR 82: RIC 57 \. Dark lone with f,.... surf""XS: sm.11
2. Nero, ~-68 A.D. AR Dt,nariu-" I~gh d)' bcankd and bun: ~'c bml ,_ ~e,': Circular hc"""'ylr. \em pl.:: of \h.. wilh conkai roo( image or "'
7. Re publican Rome . C. H05idius C. L Gcta, 68 B.C AR 3. Traj.n, <)1:\-117 A_D. AE A S. Slme k ~, Rome 1(}4· 107 A_ D. D<;ruIrius. Diluk rr ><; el, elraprd and jeweled h... " oiDia"" r. Wild Laureate btl" ,_ *.', CuimS\td TmJan facing L, bcing crowned boar 01 G>lydon r_, pierced hy spear and all-"'ked by dog_5),d _ from beh ind byV,,'ory, $land ing I. RlC 549: BMC94la Choice 903; emw_407n. h !rt:mdy j:in" and lightly loned $350 Very !'in •. wilh d.,k brown palin._Good pmlr~i'- $2Xl
4. j udaean C;'y Coinage Sepphoris, lIadri.n. 9S-117 A.D_ S Siculo-Punic, Carthage, ca, 330 B.L All S!aler (9_26 g.) AI: IS . Lau reaLe huS( r. ~": TW{l eors of baric)', hound togethe r Jc"ded bust of Kore -P, ,-,;ephone I. , her hair """.!heel with by the Slalks , Hendin 909: B~1C 3, 17, &lrtmdy Fin. with com , Rev; F= hOfSe9.anding r_Jenkins-L" w;s 112 ("'m"Ji.,,,) To Order Call Toll Free 9, Sd~",<'id Coi"" of Anci.ntls,-.d_ An tioch"",, VIII , 121_% 800-421-0754 B_C AR T"tr~drnrhm (l3.45 g), k<.I JUly 1998 9 and her daughter Livilla was married mother Antonia. She must to his son. Antonia knew that the fu have watched in desperation as ture prospects of her fami ly depended her son's fami ly was being on the Emperor's good wil l. While destroyed by the ambitious Germanicus' widow Agrippin3 was Sejanus. He tried to overcome openly accusing Tiberius of having his modest origins by align ing ordered her husband's murder, Antonia himself wi th the royal family. kept quiet. He arranged for Antonia's son In A. D. 26, Ti berius left Rome to Claudius to marry one of his li ve on the isl and of Capri. He was rel ati ves, and he even asked Antonia, mother of Claudius, d. AD 37 now in his late si xties and relied Tiberius for permission to orichalcum dupondius, struck ca. AD 41-50 heavily On a man by the name of marry Livilla, whose husband Lucius Aclius Sejanus to handle the had recently died. business of running of the Empire. It was hecoming clear to many that be difficult fo r her to warn Tiberius in Sejanus was i n command of the Sejanus intended to succeed th e aging Capri because Sejanus controlled ac Praetorian Guard , which was the Tiherius as empero r. He had carefully cess to him. Antonia dictated a letter Emperor 's bodyguard and the only removed nearl y all of his potential ri to the Emperor and one of her slaves fighting force anywhere near the city vals in the royal family. Only Caligula, succeeded in delivering it to him un of Rome. This gave Sejanus consid 18 years old and inexperienced, was der cover of darkness. erable power, which he used to perse in a position to compete with him. At last Tiberius was made aware of cute Tiberius ' enemies, such as There was evidence that Sej anus was the schemes and ambitions of his lieu Agrippi na and the friends o f plotting to remove Tiberius, murder tenant. Not only was Sejanus plan Germanicus. Caligula, and take the throne himsel f! ning to ki ll him and Caligula but, eight It seems likely that Livia, now in As Caligula's guardian, Antonia was years before, he and his secret mistress her eighties, had been doing her best concerned for his safety. Li villa had poisoned her husband, the to protect the family of her grandson The Emperor's trust in Sejanus, Emperor's son! With great cunning, Germanicus, because when she di ed in whom he call ed "the partner of my la Tiberius engineered Sejanus' down A.D. 29, it took Sejanus little time to bors," was almost complete. There fall, pretending to promote him to new have Agrippina and her grown sons was only one person whom Tiberius heig hts and then suddenly having him imprisoned. Germanicus' younger would trust even more, whose reputa condemned to death. childre n, inc luding the future emperor tion for prudence and honesty was be Antonia was hailed as the savior of Caligula, moved in with their grand- yond reproach - Antonia! But it would the Empire. Tiberius owed her his life and treated her with profound respect. She was now 66 years old and, with Livia gone and Tiberius unmarried, Antonia was the first lady of the Im perial family. She had saved the lives of both the reigning emperor and the emperor to come and her role in pub lic life was more important than ever ebtebal before. But Antonia's public glories could do nothing to erase the shame of her daughter Livilla's murder of her husband and love for Sejanus. ~tlbcr Though it may seem incredi ble, the ancient writers claim that Antonia punished Livilla by starving her to death! If this is true, it was certainly $7 not done in a fi t of temper. Rather, Antonia would have acted under a sense of moral duty as a materfamilias Curious about medieval as a natural complement to your ancient ("mother of the family") of the old collection, but don't want to invest much until you know you like school. In traditional Roman custom, it? Then start small and painless. For every $7 you send I'll send the head of a family had the power of life and death over the members of a you a different medieval coin ... $ 14 fo r 2 different, $28 for 4 household, and could act as judge and different, $70 for 10 different, etc. With 12 diffcrent get a free jury in the puni shment of thei r crimes. copy of Walker' s Reading Medieval European Coins. Please add One of Antonia's closest personal attachments was to a Judaean prince $2 postage per order. by the name of Herod Agrippa. Herod, (203) 374-3032 the son of An tonia's close friend, the lIen fax/messages: (203) 374·6986 Jewish princess Berenice, had been G. Berman., ...... ' .. ~~ ... ,,~ raised in Antonia's home with her son P.O. Box 605-E u.s. O 10 The Celator circumstances. On one occasion, he was arrested for unpaid debts to the emperor Tiberius. Antonia len t him the money to get out of this predica ITALO VECCHI LTD ment. Then, in A.D. 36, Herod was Specialist in Ancient and Mediaeval Coins overheard tell ing Caligula that he wished Tibe rius would die so that Caligula could become Emperor! He was thrown into prison by the under standably irritated Tiberius. Antonia was unable to get Herod released, but she used her influence to secure him good food, a daily bath, comfortable clothes, and gentle guards. This went on for six months unti l Herod was re leased in March , A.D. 37 after Tibe rius died at the age of 78. The new emperor, Antonia's grandson Cal igula, was only 24 when he ascended the throne. Asthe CELTIC ~ GREEK ~ ROMAN ~ BYZANTINE son of the legendary hero Germanicus, MEDIJEVAL ~ RENAISSANCE ~ MODERN he began his reign with enthusiastic public support. But before long AUCTIONS & VALUATIONS Caligula began 10 indulge in the ex tremes of behavior that have made For a complimentary catalogue specify your interests and apply to: his name synonymous with insanity, cruelty, and depravity and which would lead to his assassination af Halo Vecchi Ltd. ter only four years of rule. 35 Dover Street, London WIX 3RA For Antonia, now 72 years of age, Caligula's reign began with a flood tel. (44 171) 491 ~ 7048 fax (44 171) 409 ~7835 of honors and titles. She was granted th e rank of " Augusta" (though she may have refused the title) and was made priestess of the cult or the divine Augustus. Her sta tus in the Empire, already high in the last years or Tibcrius, rose even higher. But within six weeks of Caligula's rise to power, Antonia was dead! Rumors swirled around Rome that she had fallen out of fa vor with her grandson and that he had driven her to suicide, or even poisoned her! It was said that he had grown tired of her advice and refused even to see her without his officials. On one occasion, when she had warned him about his be havior, he supposedly replied in a threatening tone that he could do anything he liked and to anyone. Did Caligula turn aga inst his grandmother so soon after honoring her so extravagantly? Or do these stories arise from the vicious, pos sibly exaggerated charges made against Caligula after h is death? Certainly Antonia knew his charac ter well. It has been suggested that she knew him to be a madman and preferred su icide to livi ng under his rule. The truth is that An tonia saw very little of Caligula as emperor. July 1998 11 He was out of Rome during much ofhis Augustus' ideal of the traditional Ro relations with the client kingdoms, she early reign and spent no more than three man matron and a model for the new was seen as fulfilling the proper role weeks in the city between March 18, woman who could exercise consider as a mater familias, especially one A.D. 37, when he assumed the throne, able power and freedom. She was si without a husband or male guardian, and Antonia's death on May I. This was multaneously celebrated for her old by protec ting and furthering the inter a very short time to erase a lifelong re fashioned feminine virtues of beauty, ests of her nation and her household. lationship that seems to have been ami modesty, and devotion to her husband When her son C laudius became cable. Antonia had reached an advanced and family- and for her strong will, emperor in A.D. 41 , Antonia's memory age for an ancient Roman, and it seems independent spirit, and competence in was accorded many new honors. He quite likely that she died a natural death managing her family 's complex af reconferred the title "Augusta" on her, after all. fairs. It is interesting that these var instituted annual games on her birth Antonia's life- and the qualities for ied qualities were praised with no day. and issued coins hearing ber im which she was admired---demonstrated sense of contradiction or irony. When age- though hi s wife, the Empress the high status and widening role of Antonia asserted herself publicly in Messalina, received none of these hon women in Roman society. She was both the Sejanus affair and in diplomatic ors. He may even have had a temple bu ilt in Rome for the worship of his mother's spirit. Claudius' tributes to his mother may be surprising, considering the ridicule that Antonia was said to have heaped on him. However, he wou ld have benefi t ted from honoring her, even if he didn't li ke her, by being seen as a dutiful son to a noble parent. The duration and scale f ree illustrated catalogue • of Claudius' tributes argue for his hav ing had a genuine affection for her. KIRK DAVIS Whatever his private feelings may have Classical Numismatics bee n, Claudius couldn't go wrong in praising one of the most beloved and rc Post Office Box 324, Claremont, CA 9171 J spected women in Roman history. Tel: (909) 625-5426 Fax: (909) 624-6215 :Freeman & Sear <.@7> The Finest in Ancient Coins "\7 • CELTIC, GREEK, ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINS OF EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY P.O. Box 641352 PHONE (310) 202-0641 Los Angeles, CA 90064-6352 FAX (310) 202-8401 U.S.A. e-mail: [email protected] 12 Th e Celator Miinzen ond Medaillen AG 1942-1998 For 56 years we have been serving collectors ofAncient Coins ... and we would like to serve you too! • Quarterly Illustrated Fixed Price Lists' • Public Sales' Appraisals' Buying and Selling· • Large Stock in All Price Ranges' ( Please send us your want list. We will fill it! ) Three offices to serve you: Miinzen und Medaillen AG Malzgasse 25. Postfach 3647, CHA002 Basel, Switzerland Telephone: (61) 272·7544' Fax: (61) 272·7514 M&M Numismatics, Ltd. 1100 17th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington, D.C. 20036 USA Telephone: (202) 833·3770 • Fax: (202) 429-5275 Miinzen und Medaillen Deutschland GmbH D-79508 Lorrach, Germany July 199B 13 The Horae: the Four Seasons • In ROlDan nUlDislDatics by Marvin Tameanko Throughout the ages, the people of many cultures used the seasons of na tu re to mark off the major and signifi cant divisions of time in their lives. The Bible in Ecclesiastes 3, 1, written in around the 3rd century B.C. , ac~ knowledged the importance of the sea sons when it proclaimed that, - "To everything there is a season and a lime to every purpose under the heaven." (King James version) The ancients The four Horae portrayed as young ladies in a 1st century RG. sculpture now in the paid close attention to and appreciated Louvre Museum, Paris. Spring, on the left, carries a container of seeds for sow the visible phenomenon of the chang ing. Summer displays a stalk of summer fruits. Fall holds a basket of the grain ing seasons because calendars were harvest and a goat ready for slaughter. Winter has captured the animals needed nol commonly available, and they for food in her non-fruitful season. used the seasons to recognize the criti cal changes in nature that greatly af ing in December because it is a solar ral and depended on animal reari ng, fected their lives. They had to know or sun year that begins around the time (he two seasons were the time to re exactly when the season for sowing of the winter solstice, which in the lease the cattle into the fields to for and the season for reaping had arrived northern hemisphere falls on Decem age, sometime in March, and the sea or they would have starved. Also, ber 22. The present-day four seasons son to round them up, perhaps in No ancient societies attached deep reli are based on the two solsti ces, the win vember. These two seasons were gious meaning to the seasons. This ler and summer, and the two equinoxes, roughly comparable to summer and may have resulted from the simple the spring and fall of this solar year. winter, the fruitful and the fruitless observation that nature seemed to die However. primitive societies knew periods of ti me, and were calculated in the winter season but was reborn in only two seasons, one for ploughing from the lunar calendar commonly the spring, a mystical regeneration of and sowing and the other for reaping used by carly cultures. life predicted in many religious doc and harvesting. Modern religions that Based on this division of time into trines. Naturally, the ancients would are based on ancient agricultural soci two seasons, the early Greeks had shape the images or personifications of eties reflect th is two season division of only two Horae, and they were di these seasons, the Horae, into divinities the year by beginning their official new rectly related to agriculture. Homer who were responsible for bringing or year in the autumn harvest season, as mentions these in his epic poems, der into the chaos of nature. do the Hebrews, or in the spring plant written in about the 9th century B.C., The modern year is divided into 12 ing season, as do the Old Pers ians. If but gives them neither genealogy nor months beginning in January and end- such ancient civil izations were pasto- proper names. However, the ancient Athenians venerated two Horae named Thal lo (S prouting or Bloom), who brought the flo wers in spring, and Karpo (Fruit) who brought the crops WHOLESALE TO ALL! in summer and fall. Winter was not considered to be a season but only a 100 ancient coins in flips and attributed. A diverse lot negative period of time that separated including Nero, Caesar Augustus, Alexander the Great, Karpo from Thalo. It is interesting Biblical "Widow's Mite", etc. Only $475,00 postpaid, with that the ancient word for a season, satisfaction guaranteed! Hora, referring to a period of time, originally was equivalen t to the word for 'weather'. another important de JLonbon (!Coin ~aU£rl£5 termining facto r in the food supply. I Suite 132, Mission Viejo Mall, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Hesiod, The Greek poet who lived (714) 364-0990· E-mail: [email protected] in the 8th century B.C. and wrote Internet: hHp:/lwww-info-ads.com/ancientcoinsl 14 The Gelator THE NEW YORK SALE AUCTION 1 December 3, 1998 Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Medieval and later Coins, Medals and Banknotes It gives us greal pleasure 10 invile you to eelebrale with us our first joinl Auction Sale. For consigumenls, of'the highest quality only, please, we kindly ask you to get in touch with one of the three partner-firms before August 15, 1998: A.H. Baldwin & Sons Ltd. M&M Numismatics Ltd. Halo Vecchi Ltd. Atl. Mr. E. Baldwin Atl. Mr. L. Birkler Atl. Mr. I. Vecchi II Adelphi Terrace 1100 17th Street NW 35 Dover Street London. WC2N 6JB Suite 900 London. WI Great Britain Washington DC 20036 Great Britain Tel. (+44 171) 930 6879 Tel. (+ I 202) 833 3770 Tel. (+44 171) 261 1703 Fax. 9309450 Fax 4295275 Fax. 261 5324 July 1998 15 about the genealogy of the gods, stated At that time, the Horae were depicted that there were actually three Horae . on Hadrianic medallions as naked These were the daughters of Zeus and boys engaged in the agricultural activi Themis, named Eunomia, Dike and ties of their seasons. Some historians Eirene.2 Originally, thesc were the claim that these boys are actually pUlli, goddesses who showered the earth with the Roman term for cherubs. I In the life-giving rain and encouraged the blos grouping of the four figures, winter soming and ripening of fruits. In later was traditionally placed on the right Greek mythology, they took on other side of the quartet. He was sometimes A bronze medallion of Hadrian, social duties. Eunom ia became respon dressed in a hooded tun ic, against the A.D. 117-138, showing, for the first sible for lawfu lness, Dike for justice, cold, and carried an animal or a bird , time, the Horae as naked boys en and Eirene for Peace.) These threc to indicate that winter was the season gaged in the agricultural activities Horae are often seen in Greek sculptures to hunt for food . Fall appeared to the of their season. ! Medaglioni where they are portrayed as dancing, left of winter, bearing a cornucopia Romani by F. Gnecchi, (hereafter beautiful young ladies bcaring the fru its overflowing with the autumn harvest. cited as Gnecchi) Vol. III, medal no. of their season, a branch in flower for Summer, positioned to the left of fall, 91, plate (tav.) 146, no. 1. spring, an earof corn for summer and, a held a sickle and an animal, probably vine stock for fall. 4 The Roman year was a hare, to show th at it was the season Medallions with the same fou r sea divided into 12 months supposedly dur for reaping and also for hunting down sons design and legend were struck fo r ing the reign of the second Etruscan the field animals that ate or spoiled the Anton inus Pius , Faustina II, king, Numa Pompilius, 7 15-673 B.C. crops. To the left of the group stood Com modus wi th Annius Verus or Later, when a solar year was adopted it spring carrying a basket of seeds on Commodus by himself.6 These rul was given four distinct divisions or sea his head to be used in the sowing of ers con tinued to use this Horae de sons consisting of summer, fal l. winter the fields. This fanciful composition and spring, and four Horae were created . sign and legend to promote the same became the standard image of the four sentiment being conveyed by the me These were usually represented by the seasons used by many of the succeed dallions of Hadrian, th at is 'the Good Romans as young boys, almost babies, ing Roman emperors. The legend on Times are here again'. but sometimes, reverting back to the the Hadrianic medal, TEMPORYM earlier Greek tradition, they were por FEUCITAS, can be translated as the trayed as maidens. ' Happy Times' and probably referred The four seasons as a fu lly devel to the fact that the emperor's reign was oped numismatic theme firs! appeared orderl y, did not disrupted the seasons, in the reign of Hadrian, A.D. 117- 138. and resulted in happy times for all. Dr. Busso Peus N achf. A bronze medallion struck by - NUMISMATISTS AND AUCTIONEERS SINCE 1870 - Commodus as emperor, A.D. 177- 192, showing the four seasons and the legend TEMPORVM FELIGITA$ on the revese. This medal repre sents an early re-use of the Horae th eme from Hadrian's medals. De scripti on Historique des Monnaies Frappees sous l'Empire Romain by • PURCHASE AND SALE OF ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND H. Cohen (cited as Gohen) no. 726. MODERN COINS AND MEDALS AS \VELL AS OF IMPORTANT NUMIS MA TIC LIBRARIES Later e mperors, such as Trebonianus Gallus, Probus, Carus and • AT LEAST TWO PUBLIC AUCTIONS J MAIL BID SALES A YEAR Carinus empl oyed the same reverse of • APPRAISALS AND EXPERT ADVICE the Horae but inscribed the medal with • ATTENDING MOST MAJOR INTERNATIONAL SALES the legend SAECU LI FE U C1TAS . The word Saecu!um (plu ra!, Saeculi) ON BEHALF OF CLIENTS can be translated as the "age" or Catalogs available by subscription at a biennial rate of U.s. $40 (4 issues). "time" and, on these medall ions, it Pilyments may Dill be made by Credit Card means the same as the inscription 'Temporum' on earlier medallions. PLEASE CONTACT US FOR FURTHER INFORMATION During the reign of Commodus, }, A.D. 177- 192, the four seasons design Bornwiesenweg 34, and the TEMPORVM FELlClTAS "'.~'e~#~ ~~$o,> D-60322 Frankfurt a.M. 1 :;:~ '!. legend, exactly as engraved on his c " GERMANY ~ Ii: medallions, were also used on his cir ~~ ~ ~ culating coinage. This can be seen on A denarius of Caracalla (enlarged), struck in A.D. 201-210, showing the Leu Numismatics Ltd. Horae and the legend FELICIA TEMPORA. RIC 126. Zurich, Switzerland A majority of scholars claim that all the Horae medallions and coins were struck as imperial New Year's gifts and were presented to important ind ividuals in the empire. The celebra tion of the calendar New Year was very important in Roman society and the ceremonies always included a presen tation of valuable gifts, called ~·trenae , which were often sums of money or medallions specially struck for the occasion. The Romans also celebrated other so-called 'regnal New Years' or annive rsaries that marked special events such as the emperor's acces sion date, (dies imperii), his birthday, his receiving the ti tles of pater patriae and pontifex maximus, and other im portant official dates such as the re newal of the tribunica potestas on De cember 10.7 All these extraordinary New Year days would require the giv ing of imperial gifts, usually coins or medallions. The Ro man historian, Suetonius, A.D. 69-150, records in the Every year we have an auction of very important ancient coins Twelve Caesars that, on these occa in spring. sions, the emperor Augustus made it a We issue occasional lists. practice to give presents of - "every Our stock ranges from Hemitartemoria to Dekadrachmai, and sort of coin, including specimens from from Quadrantes to Multiple Aureus Medallions. the days of the early monarchy, and We actively buy and sell at a/l price levels. foreign pieces;" (Augustus, 75). The use of the four seasons on New Year's gift medallions would be considered appropriate because the wish for a prosperous and fru itful future, as im plied by the theme and the legend, TEMPORVM FELICITAS, was, and Leu Numismatics Ltd. still is, the most popular wish and salu- In Gassen 20 CH-8001 Zurich Switzerland Telephone (from the US) 011 41 1211 4772 Telefax 011 41 12114686 July 1998 17 ration extended to friends at the begin forth in their seasons. The Horae tory is fu ll of references to the Roman ning of the year. However. so many theme was probably also used by later emperors having the ir horoscopes east Roman medals and coins allude to the emperors, such as Antoninus Pius and by court as tro logers. Septimius Horae thai perhaps they had a greater Commodus to adverti se the same im Severus, supposedly a skillful astrolo importance and a wider function. A perial promise. ger himself, before he became em close examination of the coins depict peror, A.D. 193-211, took Julia Domna ing the images of the four seasons may as his second wi fe only because her perhaps reveal some alternative theories. horoscope predicted that she wou ld It is possible that the four seasons, marry a king.9 The Zodiac circle fig because they were strongly related to ures prominently on some coinage, everyday life in Roman times, were especially the Roman Provincial coins used for political purposes to record struck fo r Severus Alexander, A.D. im perial declarations to th e pub lic. 222-235 . Among these arc an AE 43 Re-examining the first usage of the struck at Cyzicus, Mysias, Greek Im Horae on a medal of Hadrian, men A medallion of Commodus, A.D. perial Coins, by David R. Sear, no. tioned above, brings to mind the fact 177-192, showing the emperor's 3293 and a coin of Perinthus, Thrace, that Ihe emperor, on ascending the bust conjoined with the goddess no. 3274, which show the entire Zo throne, had pro mised to maintain Roma, to represent the Roman diac and its elaborate signs. As the peace throughout the world and to en people, and the Horae with the signs of the Zodiac are di rectly related large the prosperity of the nation. 8 TEMPOPRVM FELICITAS legend to the months of a year, they are as Therefore, these medallions, struck on the reverse. The bust of Roma trologically connected to the seasons. early in his rule (COS III), around A.D . suggests that this is a propa A numismatic relationship between the 11 9, may be propaganda pieces using ganda piece promising Happy fo ur seasons and the Zodi ac may be the image of the fou r seasons to send Times for the nation. Gnecchi Vol. proven by a medallion of Antoninus the message that the "Happy Times for If, medal no. 137, plate 87, no. 4. Pius, which was also later copied by the Roman empire, TEMPORVM Commod us. This coin shows a draped FELI CITAS, are guaranteed by the A second theory proposes that the male figure, perhaps representing the emperor". The appearance of the Ho numismatic theme of the four seasons Genius Sacculi , the spirit of the times, rae may have verified the proclama was d irectly related to the Zodiac. or the emperor, holding a short scep tion from Hadr ian that he will main As trology, the Zodiac and the detailed ter, and resting his hand on an oval tain order in the land so th at the agri horoscopes based on its signs were fram e from which four girls, holdi ng cultural cycle will not be disrupted and important parts of the mystical and produce or fruits and representing the the fruits of the earth will be brought superstitious life of the Romans. Hi s- four seasons, emerge. (Gnecchi, VoL 11 plate 48. No.9 for Antoninus Pius, TR POT XXI, and Gnecchi , Vol. 11 , Are you interested in plate 83, no. 3, 4 for Commodus, TRP XI IMP Vll.) Facing the group of CHOICE WORLD COINS? figures, at the right, is a young boy , You should be receiving our publications .. FOUR TO SIX AUCTION CATALOGUES ANNUALLY Featuring RARE and CHOICE gold and silver coins of the world as well as ancient coinage and world paper money. A sample catalogue is $20.00 postpaid. Includes Prices Realized An annual subscription is also available. The cost is $60 within the U.S . and $80 outside the U.S. Ponterio & Associates, Inc. The reverse of a medallion struck for Commadus, A.D. 177-192, cop 1818 Robinson Ave. ied from a reverse of Antoninus San Diego. CA 92103 Pius (Gnecchi, Vol. /I, plate 48, no. 1-800-854-2888 or 619-299-0400 9) showing the Genius Saeculi or ' -"" ,,~I\S",,\ the emperor and a Zodiac frame .", r«rMISNAlISI! ,. """0 .,., Fax 619-299-6952 from which the Horae emerge. The ~® Licensed Auction Company #968 boy at the right is often identified as the infant New Year. Gnecchi P.N.G. #308 Richard H. Ponterio - President Vol. /I, plate 83, no. 3, 4. 18 The Celator Aft er m o re than thirty years at Superio r Sta mp & Coi n Co. Ira M. Goldberg is pleased to announce the formati on of his own company , I I DESPERATELY NEED ANCIENTS FOR INVENTORY I will pay top dollar for entire collections or better quality individual coins IMMEDIATE CASH Call for a free appraisal GREEK JEWISH ROMAN BYZANTINE I also need U.S. and better World Coins Contact me nowl I promise you will enjoy doing business with a reliable seasoned professional Ira Goldberg Coins & Collectibles, Inc. 4608 Paradise Road I Suite 900 Las Vegas, Nevada 89109 (702) 894-5200 (800) 978-COIN Fax: (702) 894-9631 #153 email: [email protected] Past Presid ent MANUSCRIPT SOCI ETY LIFE MEMBER LM 838 July 1998 19 holding an overflowing cornucopia. TELLVS STABTL , the Stabilized seasons, appearing as young gi rls bear Most numi smatists claim that thi s boy Earth or the Earth Firmly Established, ing their various symbols, proceed in re pre sents the New Year and his ap which appears on some of the Horae their norm al sequence around the pearance connects these medall ions medallions. The insc ription can be globe. The globe in this example rep with the traditional New Year's med taken to mean that everything was put resents not the planet Earth, but the als issued by the em peror. However, right in the world, the seasons were spherical, celestial, universe described other scholars disregard the obvious proceeding in their regular order and by 5th century R.C. Greek philoso in fe rence to the New Year and state the empire and the whole earth was phers. This is clearly indicated by the that the oval frame shown on the medal stabilized under the rule of the em stars that appear on ils surface. is the Zodiac circle even though the peror. Such medallions were struck by Similar medallions, expressing the same twelve signs nrc not visible. 'o Hadrian and Co mmodus, (Gncechi notion ofstable times resulting from the poli The identifi cation of this circular Vol. III , plate 145, no. 12 and Vol. II , cies of imperial rule, may be those struck for frame as the Z Edward J.Waddell, Ltd. A bronze medallion of Salonina, wife of Gallienus, A.D. 253-268, showing Ancient Coin Specialist the empress as Abundantia distrib Greek, Roman, Byzantine Coins & Numismatic Literature uting the bounty of nature to the four Seasons and the infant new year. Cohen 2, or Gnecchi Vol. II, plate Visit our Website at 115, no. 8. www.coin.com The appearance of this fifth boy, usually iden ti fied as representing the New Year on the medallions above, severely diminishes the alternative theories and brings us back to the prin cipal argument that all these medals and coins were struck as imperial New Year's gift s. This theory is very fo rce Sample Catalog Upon Request: fu l and remains as the offi ciall y ac cepted explanation for the appearance Suite 316 , Department D of the Horae on Roman medallions and 444 North Frederick Avenue coins. However, the changing of the Gaithersburg, MD 20877 seasons has always been one of the most noteworthy and spectacular fea Phone: (301) 990-7446 tures of nature. Even in climatic zones where this amazing phenomenon is not Fax: (301) 990-3712 readily apparent, the names of the sea sons were used as poetic images to Email : [email protected] represent the crucial periods of life. "The Autumn of our days, the Winter 20 The Celator of our discontent, the Spring of our childhoods, and the Summer of our love", are all expressions that have appeared in great literature to signify FRANK 1. KOVACS key moments in human existence, It <.&- is difficult to believe that the Romans Ancient Coins & Antiquities could only conceive of using the pow "\,7 erful and magical imagery of the Horae to produce a simple, numis matic New Year 's greeting card. Notes and Bibliography: Epilogomena to the Study of Greek Religion and Th emis by Jane E. Harrison, University Books, New Yo rk, 1962, page 185 . Hesiod, the Theogony, translated A new Mail Bid Sale catalogue, including the previously by Richmond Lattim ore, The announced Byzantine collection, will be avail able in the Fall. University of Michigan Press, 1991, line901,page 177. Important antiquities are offered on request. Illustrated Encyclopaedia of the Call for an appointment in the San Francisco Bay area. Classical World by M. Av i Yonah and r. Shatzman, Harper and Row, New York, 1975, page 242. New Larousse Encyclopedia of FAX (650) 574-1995 PHONE (650) 574-2028 Mythology, Hamly n, Lo ndo n, [email protected] 1959, page 138. Roman Medallions by J. M. C. P.O. Box 25300, San Mateo, California 94402- 5300 Toynbee, Numismatic Studies No. 5, The American Numis matic Society, New York , 1944, page 91. 6 Roman Medallions, as above, page 90. Feriale Duranum in Yale Classi cal Studies VII, referenced in Roman Medallions, foo tnote I page 73. CJ~ ~~U:~' AEQUITAS Augustan History (Lives of the Later Caesars) Hadrian 5.3, CLASSICAL ARTS INC. translated by A. Birley, Penguin ~(lE Classics, London, 1978, page 62. 'po" Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Islamic Augustan History, as abo ve, ~ Severus,3.5. Coins and Antiqnities Roman Medallions by J. M. C. Toynbee, Numi sm atic Studies No. 5, The American Numis matic Society, New York, 1944, Page9 1. qJbc (ficiotor Now On line ! www.celator.com correspond by emai l to: [email protected] To receive our publications, please send your name, address and areas of interest. Join us on the information P.O. Box 936, Adelaide Postal Sin., 31 Adelaide SI. E., superhighway.' Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5C 2K3 (416) 35 1·9955 .",...~ Fax: (4 16) 351-9922 • Email: [email protected] July 1998 21 The ~StanJing Caliph' coinage the coinage in 6961. when the standard Is by Tony Goodwin lamic gold dinar, silver dirham and copper fals were introduced, in which pictorial im ages were replaced by religious legends'. Sometime around 690C.E. in the reign Standing caliph coins arc quite com of the great Umayyad caliph Abd aJ~ Mal ik mon and interesting specimens can be (685-705) the first truly Islamic coinage obtained for 520 upwards, hu t unfortu was minted in Syria. This was the stand nately the one reasonably comprehensive ing caliph series bearing on the obverse catalogue, John Walker's British Museum the striking image of a facing bearded fig catalogue4 is now very expensive and dif ure wearing elaborate robes and with his ficult to obtain. This article aims to provide right ha nd resting on the hilt of his sword, suflicient inlonnation for collectors to un in the pose prescribed for the recitation of derstand the series and identify the mints. the public sermon. These coins were Fig. [ (see page 25) shows a typical minted primarily in coppcr(although rarc example, in this case from the major city gold and silver examples are known), at of Hims, and has the standard obverse leg argued that the caliph was always shown ! 7 known mints, and they replaced the end written clockwise in Kufic (Arabic of wearing the kufiyah or bedouin headcloth, and that it would have been quite inappro earlier Arab~BYl.antine coins which used course is written from right to left);- "Ii Hyz 22 The Gelator name can also sometimes appear on the 10), and are charncterised by variable style. Yubna (Fig.8), Ludd and Tanukh (Fig. 10) le ft or be wrinen upwards, and in the case grubled legends and irregular tlans. Cities in have all been recognised since Walker wrote of the northern !Owns of Sarmin and th is area do not appear to have produced hiscataloguc. and Others urxioubtedJy remain Ma' arrat Misrin the name starts on the Arab-Byzantine coinage prior to the stand to be di scovered. However, collectors need right and is completed on the left. The table in g caliph series, aJld the emission was par to be careful when faced with an app.arcnuy of mints should enable most coins to be tic ularly large at the main Illint of Halab new mint as even experts can make mistakes. identified: after the name of the mint the (Aleppo) (Fig.6). Here quality control was For example a reputable auc1ion house re classical name is given in brackets, then sometimes of a very low standard. and any cently offered a coin from the previously the Kufic representation plusa rough trans thing from old Byz.'lJ"Itine coins to strips of unpublished mint ofSalikh, but the style of literation (we need to bear in mind that scrap copper were pressed into service as the obverse was very similar to coins of Kufic Arabic does nOI generally show fl ans. On the edge ofjund Kinna~rin are two Sarmin and close examination showed that vowels and that Imnslitcrutions are neces outlying mints, Harran lUx! al Ruha, which the mint should have been read as the first sarily approximate). In some cases the comprise the fifth and smallest group, ,Uld part of Sarmin, repeated in reverse on the mint name is prefixed wi th the letter "b" produced coins of a very distinctive style. The other side of the cross on steps. Particular for "bi"-"in", i.e. "minted in ... ". Around Harntn coin illustrated (Fig. I I) has the mint care is needed when faced with an appar the reverse the legend comprises the name on the obverse to the right of thecaliph ently new mint where the coin is in the .~ /whada or Muslim profess ion of faith and the word lInohammedi 10 the left. The sryle of Halab, as the mi nt signatu re is "There is no God but All ah alone, reverse includes a Byzantine style mono sometimes blundered or retrograde. The Mohammed is the messenger of Goo" gram, the meaning of which is notclear. l lle style of the coin shou ld always be exam On stylistic grounds the coins can be di al Ruha coins arc of similar style but with ined carefully to see that it fits in with the vided into five main groups, each with sub the mint on the reverse. The coins from 00th location of the min t; for example a new groups. which seem to reflect the division of these mints are very rare. mini in the Filistin jund is very unlikely to Syria into ' ~ Unds"7 or mil itary administmtion The legends and epigraphy of the stand have struck coins in the jUnd Kinnasrin districts. As there are practically no other ing caliph series are also a source of greaI style. Acoupleof years agoan unexpected documentary sources from th is early date a interest. They are the earliest coins to carry fi nd was made when a new legend tumed careful study of the coin... may well provide extensive Arabic legends, and as other docu up on the obverse of a standing caliph fals. hi storians with useful insight into the way ments and inscriptions from this early period This so far unique coin (Fig. 12) from the this administrati on operated and exactly are virtually non-existcnt, they are useful for mint of Sarmin has the additional legend where the boundaries lay. The first and most understanding the development of the early "Abd al Rahman", presumably the name di stinctive group comprises the three mints KufJc script However, for the numismatist of a local govemor. wri tten downwards on in the southern jund Filistin (Palestine). The perhaps the greatcst: interest be in the paisi either side of the caliph's headS. figure of the caliph is usually very slylised . bility of finding new minIS. The minIS of although quite well engraved at the main mint of Jerusalem (Fig. 7), and the legend com prises the second part of the shahada. The reverses are very distioctive, because, instead of the IlnlifJed cross on steps. they have a large "m" with the mint name on one side ANTIQUAINc. and the word "Filistin" on the other. At Yubna (Fig.S) the style is very crude, leg CATALOGUE VI ends are often garbled or reversed (as in the example illustrdted), and the coins appear to be overstruck on the flilllS of old Byzantine foi les, sometimes cut into 2 or 3 pieces. lhis must surely have been some sort of emer gency mint, but ex:..;t1y why and when we do not know. Moving north the next two groups cover the central Syrian junds of Dimashq (Damascus) and Hims; fi rstly a group of large well produced coins at Dam ascus and Hims (Fig. I) .md Baalbek (Fig.9), and secondly a group of much smaller coins at Damascus (Fig.3), Hims and Amman (FigA). Thccoin~of Ammanareparticularly distinctive. often having small thick flans and a very prominent star on the reverse. One rare variant has the cross on steps reven;e re featuring placed by an "M', ,md although there is no mint narne. the style of the obverse is so typi cal of Anunan that the attribution to this mint Ancient Greek & Roman Coins and Fine Antiquities seems certain. As would be expected for the A complimentary catalogue sent upon request capital the coins from Dama<;cus are com mon and there are a number of sub-types. 20969 VENTURA BLVD., SUITE # 11 TEL: SI8-887-0011 'The fotuth main group are from m int~ within WOODLAND HILLS, CA 91364 fAX: 818-887-0069 the nonhemjund ofKinna~rin (Fi g. 5,6 arld JUly 1998 23 Standing Caliph :vIints Jund Fi li stin (i) Iliya (Jerusalem)- ULJl - ALY A Ludd (Diospoli s)- ::u - LD Yubna- e! YBN - . JUno ulmasnq ano Juno nlms Dimashq (Damascus) -~ -DMSQ. ' Amman (philadelphi a)- )'- · 'MAN Baalbek (HeJiopo lis)- :ubU -B'LBK. Hims (Emesa)- ):>OlJ -SHMS Jund Kinnasrin Halab(Beroea)- ~ -BHLB. Sarmin- Jd - >'" -SR-MIN librin- ,..»>-IBRIN. Kinnasrin (Chalcis)- )l,.....&aJ -BKNSRIN Kurus ( Cyrrhu s ) - ~)~ -BKWRS. Manbij (Hierapolis)- ~ -MNBJ Tanukh- 1-,... -BTNUKH. Ma'arra! Misrin- >,)bc- -"'" -M'RIlli MSRIN Al Ruha (Edessa)- \.0 ~l -AL RHA Harran (Carrhae)- .;I~ -HRAN (ii) Notes- (i)"m" reverse. (ii )-Mint name on obverse Fina lly a word should be said aoom dales and it is qui te possible that the cop the cali ph [rom this very early period; the dOll ing of the standing caliph copper per preceded the gold by a few years, or the earliest known being fr.lgmentary coins. Walker's view that the scries may that it contniued for a few years after the stat ues, dating to the e nd o f the have commenced before the re ign of Abd reform of the gold and silver. It certainly Umayyad period, [rom the baths com ai-Mali k is no longer widely held. It is now did not survive for long, as early post plex lit Khirbet al MafJar near Jerieho. normally assumed that the coins were is reform coppers are often found overstruck See K.A. Cresswell, A Short Account sued immediately after the fi rst dated on standing caliph coi ns. of Early Muslim Architecfl/re, 1958. standing caliph gold of74 A. H. (692 C. E.), Notes: l Dates arc given througho ut thi s an icle and that minting ceased with the reform as C. E. , but it would be more appro of 696. However, none of the coins bear I There are no other surviving images of priate to use Hij ra (A. H) dati ng (from Mohammed 's n ighl lo Medina in 622 C. E.). ARAB-SASANIAN. }1lle Koran does not, as is someti mes as Umayyad Vi ce roy o f the Eas t. sened. forbid the usc of images. Im al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, ages appeared in secular an and from AD 694-71 3, AR Drach m . ti me to time on coins throughout Mus Imita tive o f coinage of Sasanian lim history, and within a few years of kin g Khusro II. With governor·s Abd al Mali k's refoon copper coins in na m e, legend to r. of bust o f Syriu were minted with animal images. Kh uf> ro II in Kufi c (= A rabic). However images of rulers did not re Within ma rgi nal 3rd circl e the appear for hundreds of years. Shn/lnda if Kufic (the profession ~ Walker J. A Catalogue of the Muham of faith : bism!AIlah!l(l i/llah madan Coins in the British Museum, i/ll ah wnlhdahulM uhamllladlrasull Vol. 2, 1956. A/IInll ) obv. legend . On rev. 5 For a discussion of the Cal iph's dress, us u a l fi re-a lta r w ith attend ant on each see ANS Museum NOles 1967, ''The side, to !. AH 77 (AD 696) a nd to r. EarliestArab Gold Coinage" by George ART=Ardashir- Khurra mint in Pahlavi. C. Miles. UN PUBLISH ED . 6 Eliz.1beth Savage in a talk to the Royal Nu mismatic Society, London entitled Note: a coin of AH 77 of l3i ~ hap ur mi nt is publi shed in W"lker BMC Vol. 1, coin 232. "Ar:.lb-Byzantine Symbols of Victory", These very rare experimental issues were struck by al-Hajjaj in AH 76 &: 77 (AD 69S Dec. 1996. &: 696 ) at Ardashir-Kh urra, Bishapur &: Jayy (.. I sfahan) mi nts in Fars Province just 1The jund al Urd unn does nOI appear to before the monetary reforms of the Cali ph ·Abud aI-Mali k ibn Marwan in AH 77. have produced any standing caliph We are especiall y interested in buying coins of the Ancient coinage, unless we include the very Near East & Cemral Asia. Our specialty for over 30 years. rare twin standing caliph coins (Walker A.5 and 6), which may be from Baisan. WILLIAM B. WARDEN, JR. I Goodwi n T. "A Remarkable Standing Caliph Fals", ONS Newsletter no. 15 1, P.o. BOX 356, NEW HOPE, PA 18938 1997. Phone/Fax (2 15) 297-5052 24 The Cefator 2. Manbij 4. Amman 5. Kinnasrin 6. Halab 7. Jerusalem 8. Yubna 9. Baal bck 10 . Tanukh I I . Harran 12. Sarmin-in name of Abd al Rahman July 1998 25 People in the News eNG acquires NFA On Wednesday June 10, 1998, in a Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Los Angeles courtroom, part of the fi of Lancaste r, Pennsylvania and Lon nal chapter of Bruce McNall's owner don, England has acquired the re ship in the illustrious firm of Numismatic maining assets of NFA. These as Fine Arts (NFA), was written when it sets include the new book in ventory, was reported that the final liquidation the remaining part of the antiquities of the assets of the firm has been ap li brary, the names of Numismatic proved by the bankruptcy court. Fine Arts, Inc . (NFA), and Num is Numismatic Fine Arts was started matic Fine Arts International, Inc. before the Second World War in New (NFAI), as well as customer records, York, by the renowned numismatist Ed mailing lists and al l other intangible Th e NFA catalogue; distinctive in ward Gans. In the late 60's Joel Malter assets includ ing tradema rks a nd its size and shape as well as in its acquired NFA, being joined in the early copyrights. contents, was for collectors of the 70's by Bruce McNall. McNall later ac Commenting on the acquisition, 1980s a hallmark of quality. It was quired Numismatic Fine Arts from Malter. Victor England, one of the senior di the most effective adverlisement In the 70's and 80's, NFA issued rectors of Classical Numismatic for ancient coins that the world some of the finest qual ity catalogs ever Group, said: "Having followed the had known, and it introduced the produced. Their sales featured mate ups and downs of NFA over th e hobby to a wide spectrum of clas rial from leading institution s such as the years, we (CNG) fe lt that this would sical enthusiasts as well as invest Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Santa be a worth-whil e acquisition. Further ment oriented sports and show Barbara Museum of Art, and Johns more, Eric McFadden, our other se business personalities. Hopkins University. nior director, living in london, once worked for NFA, so th ere is a senti mental attachment. There was a time when the name of NFA was synony J)rofilcs in mous with classical coins of the fin est quality." In additon to McFadden's tenure jF!umismatics at NFA. the firm also employed such Anne Kromann Balling notables as Catherine Lorber. David 1936-1996 Sear, Simon Bendall, Steve Rubi nge r, Rob Freeman and Tory (Fleming) Freeman on its numismatic Anne Krom ann. the eldest daughter staff-not to mention several other spe of Sven and An na Kromann, was cialists and the famous numismatic pho ra ised and educated in Copenhagen. tographer Andrew Daneman. Asked Coming from an arti stically gifted about CNG's plans for the new ac family, she developed a natural in- quisition, England went on to say: terest in classical music and studied Greek and Latin philology "Cu rrently, we have no immediate Numismatics was a shared interest with her husband l¢rgen plans for the use of the name- but it Balling ( 1930- 1980), who had several articles about ancient is nice to know we have it available coinage to his own credit. Anne Kromann was very active as fo r future use . T he books on the Curator of Greek Coins at the Danish National Museum. She other hand will be placed on the mar contributed scores of research articles on Greek, Roman, Byz ket at prices advantageous to the antine and Oriental coins. Her deepest interest was in coins of collector." CNG plans to offer some the East. She also worked with Otto M¢rkholm, Erik of the books for sale on its web site Chri stiansen and Kenneth Jenkins on fascicules 39-43 of the (www.historicalcoins.com)andtosell SNG Copenhagen series (reprinted). The breadth of her inter others in one of its upcoming CNG ests and expertise was truly re markable. auctions. Customers may contact CNG by writ ing to: CNG, PO. Box 479, Lancaster, This feature is provided courtesy of George Frederick Kolbe PA, 17608, or by calling: (717) 390- Fine Numismatic Books, Crestline, CA 92325 9194, fax : (717) 390-9978, or e-mail: [email protected]. 26 The Celator Art and the Market San Francisco: a friendly little show By Wayne G. Sayles signed around meeting a strong collector than most larger shows. In San Francisco, base and enjoying one of the most cos it is all customerS', stated Mark Teller of The big news on the West Coast this mopolitan cities in the worl d: And what's Encino, Californi a, who is a four year vet summer is of course the ANA convention more-they like ancient coin dealers and eran of the show, at Portland, which will draw thousands of collectors! Harlan Berk, of Chicago, ad ded dealers and COliectOfS from all over the Dealer Selup is on Thursday at 2 pm, "What's really impressive is the diversity world. The show dates are published in allowing East Coast dealers plenty of of the collector base. Everyone, from our Coming Events calendar. Since the travel time. Public hours are Thursday United States, Currency, World and An always-publicity-conscious ANA is fever from 4 to 7 pm and Friday and Saturday cient N umismatics collectors come ishly courting the REAL numismatic press, from 10 am to 7 pm. With the show clos through the door and they never leave and is too busy to bother with releases to ing Satu rday night. it allows Sunday as disappointed." the insignificant world of ancient numis a travel day or a fu n day in California. Available fo r viewing at this matics, we will not be able to share the What? A TWO DAY SHOW? No gala September's show wilt be highlights from details 01tha i grand and glorious affair. But banquets or photo-ops with the director individual dealer mail-bid sales. There do not despa i ~ of the Central Bank 01 O uter Mongolia? wilt also be auction highlights from Heri One of the best kept secrets on the Not even a press crew from CNN? Do tage and Ponte rio & Associates from West Coast is th e San Francisco Coin people in San Francisco reall y collect their auctions to be held at the Long Show. For 1998, the shooNwili be held Sep coins? Oh yes! Beach Expo later in September. tember 10-12 at the Cathedral Hill Hotel at "With an attendance consistently If you would like more information on Van Ness & Geary. September is San above 1,000, the show is just the righl size this "Best Kept SecreF please call Robert Hancisco's best vacation time of the year. for lots of business. Think about iL.over Brueggeman, bourse chairman, al (760) According to bourse chairman Robert 14 customers per dealer is a higher ratio 728-1 300 or fax (760) 728-8507. Brueggeman, "The en tire show is de- Classical SVAS meeting Coins & Art of enjoys program the Ancient World on Roman Gaul Greek, Etruscan , Roman, Egyptian, The Sacramento Valley Ancients So ciety (SVAS) met on June 3, 1998 at the & Near Eastern Antiquities home of one of its members. Eleven coI lectOf'S were in attendance. David Elliot We are pleased 10 an nounce the 1997 edition of Manrique gave a presentation which in Art of the Ancient World, cluded a film on the construction of a Ro man city in Gaul and a display of Celtic our new 64 page ca talog illuslraling Imitations of Greek and Roman coins. 264 objects in fu ll color. The Sacrament Valley Ancients Soci ety is an informal organization of collec DEALERS: We will exchange our tors of ancient coins which was formed in antiquities for your ancient coins! 1987. Their purpose is to meet and enteract with other collectors, to keep abreast of the ancient coin mar1<. et, and to expand members' knowledge of the an Je"""" M. Ei Aug. 5-9 ANA 107th Anniversary Show, Convention Genter, 777 NE coins & artifacts Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd., Portland, Oregon Antiqua, Inc. has mailed Catalogue Ssp. 5 London Coin Fair, Cumberland Hote/, VI of anCient coins and antiquities and Marble Arch, London, England th e fixed-price offering is now available to collectors who may not be on the firm's Ssp. 5·6 48th National Numismatic Show, Riccione, lIaly subscription list. President of th e firm, Sep. U).12 San Francisco Coin Show, Cathedral Hill Hotel Steve l. Rubinger, has once again brought to the catalogue a flair for ex Sep. 23·26 Gerhard Hirsch Auction, Munich, Germany quisite presentation. Sep.26 Pon/erio Auction. Long Beach Conv. Glr. Graced with magnificent color illus trations on the covers, the impressive Oct. 12·13 Giessener Munzhandlung Auction, Munich production features 100 coins of ex Oct. 24·25 Zurich International Coin Show, Zurich, Switzerland tremely high quality and artistic appeal. Also offered are 40 exceptional artifacts Nov. 7 London Coin Fair, Cumberland Hotel, in terra·co tta. glass. marble and bronze. Marble Arch, London, England One of the highlights of sculpture is 12 Nov. 19-20 Giessener Milnzhandlung Auction, Munich 1/2" x 9 3/4" re lief fragment from a sar· cophagus 01 the Roman period. It con Nov. 25·27 Gerhard Hirsch Auction, Munich, Germany sists of a standing figure, probably Zeus, beside an Ionic pilaster. Other pie<:es Dec. 1·3 Triton II Auction, Marriott . World Trade Center, NYC of sculpture include miniatures in bronze Dec. 1-3 Stack's Auction, Park Central Hotel and the hand from a monumental statue in marble. The latter is a 1 st-3rd cen The New York Sale, Marriott, World Trade Center, NYC Dec. 3 tu ry AD Roman artifact and is listed at Dec. 4-6 New York International Numismatic Convention, $950. A handsome selecti on of glass Marriott World Trade Center, New York City containers is presented in gorgeous full color, highlighting the natural beauty of the objects. Coins offered for sale include many rarities and popular types in very high America's Most grade. The highlight is a gold aureus 01 NYINC Maximianus (AD 286-305) with the ex NEW YORK tremely rare reverse of Hercules club· INTERNATIONAL Prestigious Ancient bing Hydra. The mint state specimen is NUMISMATIC offerad at $25.000. Also noteworthy Is CONVENTION & Foreign Coin Show a Siculo-Punic decadrachm from Sicily, strUCk about 260 BC. On obverse, the type (Jenkin s IV. 436) depicts Tanit The 27th Annual New York wreathed in grain, and on the reverse is Pegasus flying, with a Punic inscription International Numismatic Convention below. The rare specimen is offered in AUCTIONS BY, EF condition at $ 16,500. December 4-5-6, 1998 In addition to rarities of this caliber, • CNG Dealer Set-up: Thurs., Dec. 3rd Antiqua has a number of beautiful and • Superior interesting pieces at affordable prices. World Trade Center, New York City, • !talo Vecchi For example, a gold Tenth Stater from • Stack' s Carthage, with palm tree obverse and Host Hotel: Marriott World Trade Center horse's head reverse is offered in EF at Over 200 Ancient & Foreign Numismatic Dealers From around the World $975. An extremely fine tetradrachm from Athens (ca. 350-294) is listed at General Information: NYINC $395. A Tenth Legion countermarked Major Ancient & Roben Ilrueggeman coin from Ascalon is offered in aVF con Foreign Coin Auctions 3950 Concordia Lane dition at $250. A run of Extremely Fine to Superb silver denarii are priced at Society Meetings Fallbrook. CA 92028 Phone (760) 728- 1300 $250 to $400. Fax (760) 728-8507 For a complimentary copy of Cata Forum logue VI write to Antiqua , 20969 Ventura Boulevard, Suite #11. Woodland Hills, CA, 91364 or telephone (818-887-0011 (Fax: 818-887-0069). 28 The Gelator Just for Beginners & llleaning n call y represses the captive with his foot. by Wayne G. Sayles The meaning ma y be slightly different, however, as one prominent feature of the mot if is a Chi-Rho symbol of Christian The latc Roman coin types often al ity. It seems likely that this is, in some lude to the military subjugation of "bar sense, a reference to the conquest of barian" people, ostensibly on the fringe Christianity-which of course is not pri Constans, AD 337-350 or lhe empire. One could sec in this ico maril y mi li taristic. AE centenionalis (x2) nography a reflection of political expan sionism, but the empire was hardly ex to the coin of Constans. Is the barbar panding during thai period. In fact, it ian being "dragged" from the hut-Or, was besieged on nearly all fronts. Was is he being led? The difference may be thi s often recurring theme simply a case SUbtle, but its implications are not. The of political diversion and double-talk? restoration of Happy Tunes was depen (f we look at the images in a purely mil i dent upo n a stable front ier, w ith tarist ic sense, lhis wou ld seem to be the Romani7..ed all ies. The depiction on this case. Taken in context, however, the coin seems to reflect a much less fear images may allude \0 a conquest of ideas ful action than the previous types men Valen s, AD 364·378 rather than arms. tioned. In fact, the suppliant seems not AR Miliarense (x1.25) The common depictions of a Roman at all inconvenienced by the event. so ldier. perhaps the emperor himself, It gives us cause to ponder the mean triumphing over bound capti ves begin Although the two narrative scenes ing of this and the related moti fs. well before the acceptance of Christian (on the coins of Julian and Valens) scem Clearly, whm meets the eye is not al ity as a state religion, but fo llowing the to echo the same message, there is a ways what it seems 10 be. rcign of Constantine the Great the theme subtle difference. This brings us back (Photos courtesy of CNG) seems to take on a much morc clearly religious connotation. The fami liar centenionalis, struck by the surviving sons of Constantine, bears one such im age. On the reverse of one type (sec il LONG BEACH lustra ti on al top of page) a Roman sol dier is seen "leading" or "dragging" a c m N & COLLECTIBLE EXPO "barbarian" from a hut. Why Ihequotes? Because numismatic cataloguers differ as to the description of th is narrative SEPTEMBER 24-27,1998 scene. On the reverse of a gold solidus struck for Julian II at Antioch. the sol· Come join our fine group of dier is dearly "dragging" his much in & ferior (and therefore smaller) foe. The ANCIENT FOREIGN COIN DEALERS entire posture ofthe scene, including the trophy borne by the soldier suggests Auctions by Heritage Numismatic Auctions militaryaction. and Ponterio & Associates On the reverse of a silver miliarense struck during the reign of the emperor *S pecial Feature Guest: The Royal Canadian Mint Valens (AD 364-378) This theme is also Dealer Set-up Wednesday, September 23 rd, 2:00-7:00pl1l seemi ngly military, as the soldier physi- Over 400 Booths oj Ancient and Foreign Coins, U,S. Coins, Paper MOlley, Stamps, Sports Cards, Phone Cards, Jewelry & Collectibles ... and 2,000 dealers. For Show & Bourse Information: Andrea Neumann, Show Coordinator 1103 State SI., Santa Barbara, CA 93 101 (805) 962-9939 • r" (805) 963-0827 Julian II, AD 361 -363 AV solidus (x1.25) Ronald 1. Gil/io- General Chairman July 1998 29 Coins of tbe Bible The he1net on Herod's large coin it solved the my stery. by David Hendin The result s were eventually publi shed in the Israel Numis Hi storicall y there have been two matic Journal. parallel theories of the unusua l look My u nusually ing design on the reverse of the larg clear example of this est coin struck by Herod I in 37 B.C.E. coin reveals a wreath One theory, stated early by Mad aro und the hemi den in 1864, calls this item a "vessel. " spherical port io n of Later, Kindler and others refer [0 it as this object. The a thyrnaterion, a kind of ince nse wreath fe atures one burner. Others, including Meshore r, large leaf as a centra l Herod I, the Graa t, 37 B. G.£., AE 8 prutot (x1 .5) have referred to it as a helmet. In gen device. eral, however, these descriptions have Thus the o bject been without conviction. can be identi II cd as a In the previous edition oflhis book, soldier's hel me t, racing fo rward . human images on any of his coins, it I went with the "thymatcrion" version Cheek pieces and straps for securing was logical 10 substitute an acceptable because, quite frankly, Ihis depiction it behind the head can now be clearly decorative symbol-in this case, a di dn't look like any helmet I had ever identifi ed. The Slar surmounting the large leaf. seen. Of course, it didn't look like any helmet parallels simi lar designs com The thymaterion would have been thyrnaterio n I had e ver seen ei th er monly found on coin s depicting the an unusual symbol {O be depicted on a (s ince I've never seen on e), so [ went caps of the Dioscuri. coin of Herod I, since it has no paral with the possibility thaI it was essen Wreaths were commonl y used as de le ls in any ancient Jewis h coin age. tiall y an unknown type of vessel. sign motifs on helmets of this period. The helmet, on the other hand, appears In around 1990, I purchased an ex For example, a silver horse-soldier's hel not only on the second denomination ample of thi s large coin of Herod in met in the Rhei nisches Landesmuseum bronze of Herod I , but also on a coin Jerusalem. After carefu l cleaning it features a gold wreath terminating in the of Yehohanan the Hasmonean, as well turned out Ihal il was a magnificent front center with the medallion of a hu as on a coin of Herod's son. Archelaus. specimen-so beautifu l, in fact, that man face. Since Herod I did not depict Since the helmet is a military item, one assumes that in all cases the reference is to the mi litary powers of the regime. VISIT THE CELATOR Meshorer suggests that the hel mct, in ANCIENT COIN RESOURCE CENTER re latio n to both Arche la us a nd Ye hoh anan , refers to the tit le at "ethnarc h" which was hel d by both Archelaus and Hyrcanus II. However, www.celator.com w ith the re-attrib ut ion of the Yehohanan coins to Hyrcanus I and the with information that is useful to the collector existence of helmets on two coins of Herod 1. the connection between the helmet motif and the ti tle "ethnarch" di sappears. It is unclear whether all dies for Herod's large bronze coins were actu Ancient Coins all y engraved with the leaf and wreath • Mail Bid Sales motif. We have examined several hun • Fixed Price Lists dred specimens and the hemispheri cal • Buy or Bid Sales area of the helmet is invariably fl at . However, now that this design has • Numismatic Literature been clearly ident ifi ed, traces of it are Specializing ill moderate priced judaeall coins noted on a few of these coins. (serious want-lists solicited) /Am" (Excerpted from Guide to Biblical CoIns, Third Edition, by David Hendin. Copyright@ 1997 by David Hendin. Re printed by permission of the author.) 30 The Gelator New website ARE YOU SEEKING TO DO BUSINESS for ancient WITH AN ESTABLISHED COIN DEALER coin collectors OF PROFESSION AL REPUTATION? T.E . Bray & Lavender Rose Produc tions, Inc. of Portland, Oregon, are YOUR SEARCH STOPS WHEN YOU pleased to announce the opening of CHOOSE A PNG MEMBER-DEALER! their new online ancient coin site, MPIECES OF TIME." The site will fea· The Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc. has stood for ture regular Buy-or-Bid sales of ancient & Roman, Greek and Byzantine coins, Knowledge, Integrity Responsibi lity since 1955. wi th fully photographed-not The PNG membership list includes scanned- images of every coin sold. ~ . ~\ .....- ~ , dealers from all around the world . Bray, who has collected ancient ~ ~ coins for about len years, has authored Ancient & Foreign dealers, United States dealers, several Celalor articles as well as a Paper Money dealers, all who practice rigid standards & Code paper on the coinage of Septimlus Severus wh ich will be published by the of Ethics every day, proudly displaying the PNG emblem. In stitute for Severan Studies sometime this year. He started "PIECES OF We invite you to do business with a member TIME" to oller collectors an opportunity of the Professional Numismatists Guild. to purchase affordable, pleasing coins There is a difference. An important one! on the world wide web. The frequency of sales will vary. but A directory o f PNG members is available free on request by contacting: right now there is a new Buy-or-Bid sale every two weeks. Collectors are invited Robert Brueggeman, Executive D irector to view the s ite at: htt p:// -- m ~ ... Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc. '~",...~.I~mn www. romancoin.com . , ''',g.'.' 3950 Concordia Lane, Fallbrook, CA 92028 g. TeL (760) 728-1300 • Fa> (760) 728-8507 Robinson sale nets 98% sold Out of 686 lots offered, 670 ROMAN & GREEK COIN HOARDS: (a mounting to 98%) were sold in an unreserved mail-bid auction of ancient NEW OFFERINGS! and early coins conducted by dealer Roman silver dcnarii, Septimius Sevcrus, Julia Damna & Caracalla (3 Frank S. Robinson which closed May different, boy's bust, young man and bearded bust) AU $75, Unc. $ 100 12. Of 295 bidders, 226 were success· fu l, and the great majority of bids were 2 Geta from same hoard, AU $\00, Une. $ 150 reduced. 3 Corinth type staters, ca. 350 BC (different cities) VF $250, YFfXF $395, The highest realization among XF $495 Greek coins was $1,360 for a port ra it stater of the l ycian dynast Perikle (ca. 4 Owl of A then s, IClradr., 449-415 Be, VF $395, VFIXF $595, XF $795, 380·362 BC) grading VF. l eading the with Icst cu i $295 Roman pack was a Domitian sestertius 5 Bee of Ephesos, tetradr., 390-330 BC, VF $325, VF/XF $495, X F $695 with ruler crowned by victory on the 6 Denarii of 7 differenl Roman emperors, Domitian 10 Gela, VF-AU $395 reverse, graded choice VF, which brought $533 on a $575 bid. The sale Our new sales li st D·47nI offers 1325 ancients with a few medievals also included Byzantine and other early and Islamic coinage as wel l. 36 large size pages wi th 12 pages of coinages. group lots, numismati c and plates. Price $ 15, air mail. historical li terature, and a selection of fixed price specials. We can help at all Mllnich allctions-viewing & bidding! Robinson strives to oller in each sale a good mix of choice, interesting John & Hannelorc Scheine:: (formerly of Ft. Way n e, Ind.) and rare coins, as well as plenty of Postfach 210853, D-85023IngolstadtlD., Germany lower-valued coins for budget-minded collectors. Three such mail-bid sales Telefon 49 84132398 1 Fax 49 841 17498 are held annually. Illustrated catalogs ANS, ANA LM 1264, Collector since 1942, Dealer since 1953 may be obtained free of charge from Our location by Mu nich enables us to obtain "new" coins (hoa rds and indi vidual pi~c~s) Robinson at Box 3040A. Pine Station, offered by Tu rks. Bulgarians, "Yugoslavs" etc. Every wcek we are purchasing lots and Albany, NY 12203. Tel/Fax (518) 482- choice ancients (G reek, Roman. Byzantine, etc.) 2639 or email [email protected]. July 1998 31 Antiquities • • • The Fibula 1n ant1qUIty Other early classical fibulae of by David Liebert interest include the boat or leech shaped Vi ll anovian types dating to the early part o f the I st millennium Despite the ubiquito us presence B.C. Found in Italy, these ha ve a o f fi bulae in excavatio ns of 1SI mil wide rather bu lbous body which is lenn ium B. C. sites throughout th e often decorated in a geometric pat Med ite rranean basin and despite the tern. A lso from Ital y, we find large a m Ollnt of information avail· Etruscan gold fibu lae from the 7th able regarding the dating of specific century B.C. These 100 ha ve wide types in different areas, th e ori gi n bodies and were inci sed with figures of the fibula is not all that c lear. of animals. Similarly, the ancient Perh aps someone will one day write Near East was a production center Fibulae in the British Museum the definiti ve an alysis of the the hi s for fibulae datin g 10 the Early Iron tory and development of the fibul a Age ( Ist milleniu m B.C.). Notable in antiquity, but that is not the pur among th ese are the triangular fibu bronze was often ornamented wi th pose of this article. " will suffi ce lae wi th hand shaped terminals of enamel in lay in the later Roman pe to say that the fibu la is the ancient the Neo Assyrian Pe riod. While riod. ancestor of the modern safety pin most of these early examples are of It is curious that the earliest Ro an d was used for much the same pur copper or bronze, precious metal man fibulae found in Great Britain , pose. Th at is, to fasten clothing specimens in sil ver and gold are not for example, hark back to th e simple although it was used in th e form of unknown. One such piece with hand tw isted wire types, despite the long an o rnament as well. The many va and lion head termin als is now in the hi story of fibula development which ri eti es of fibulae stemming from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. preceded thei r introduction to Brit Classica l Period ultimately deri ve Many examples in gold and sil ain by the Romans on the continent. from a simple bent pin. ver have survived from the Greek So we can see that the developme nt It is unclear from archaeological period. They o ft en were crafted of the fi bu la presents q uestions for reports exactl y when and where this wi th the same elaboratc granulation the scholar and or collector to an first happened. The arche typical seen on other Greek gold jewelry. swer. There is a lmost certainly a fibula probably evol ve d from th e Many less elaborate bronze ex good monograph or even a possible straight loggle pin which was used amples survive as well. The heyday doctoral dissertation yet to be writ as a clothing faste ner in th e Bronze of fibula use. although perhaps not ten on th e subject of fibul ae. Age and earlier. We can say, as a the artistic highpoi nt. occ urred in Purt of the charm for the prospec general ru le, that the fibu la was al the Roman period. Du ring that pe tive collector is the fact th at the ready well developed in th e Early riod and we ll into the Byzantine pe fibula is one of the easiest objects Iron Age bec ause elaborate ex riod, fibulae were in almost univer from antiquity for the coll ector to amples have been found in Greek sal use and hundreds of ty pes are acquire, since it is readily availabl e geometric period tombs. The large known. Again , the most common at modest pri ces on the market. In catch plates of these pins o ften bear mate rial is bro nze. but precious deed. I know of collectors who have elaborate incised decoration. metal was often used and even the assembled res pectable collecti ons of fibulae and most general collectio ns will incl ude onc or tw o. The study of fibulae is an area in Egyptian Faience which the serious student and col lector can make a real contribution. EYE OF HORUS AMULETS protected wearer against evil YOU CAN HELP US save time and money VF $25.98 each. while supplies last by renewing early The Time Machine Co. qJbt €tlator P.O. Box 282, Flushing Station, Queens, NY 11367 Tel: (417) 679·2142 r:!J. (718) 544·2708 • (718) 261-0767 Fax: (417) 679-2524 lIlaEI http://www.ancientarts.com email: [email protected] 32 The Celator B@ok Mildenberg 85th birthday honored Leo Mildenberg, th e world famous most important centers of Biblical stud expert on Jewish coins, was born on ies in the world , should have decided Leo Mildenber9. Vestigia St Valentine's Day, 1913, in the city of to publish Dr. Mildenberg's coll ected leon is. Studien zur antiken Kassel in Germany. On 51. Valentine's papers is best described in thei r own Numismatik JsraeIs, Paliistinas Day 1998, at a small party held at the words. und der 0sIJichen AfitteImeerweit Holel Savoy in ZOric h, a learn 01 schOl "Together with students of archae Edited by U. Hubner and E.A. ars associated with the Biblical Insli ology and epigraphy, numismati sts pro Knauf. Novum Testamentum luIe of the University of Freiburg in vide th e field of Biblical, Israelite and st orbis antiquus 36. Freiburg Switzerland presented Dr. Mi ldenberg Palestinian history with a constant flow of new primary evidence for the pe riod & Gottingen, 1998. Cloth cov with th e fi rst copy of a very special book they had produced for him as a gift for from Cyrus to Bar Kochba. No living ers, 400 pages, 72 plates, 9 x his 85th birthday, Entitled Vestigia specialist in coins and their history con 6 112 format. 140 Swiss Leonis, this sturdy volume contains 34 tributed more to the study of the Holy Francs or 171 German Marks of Leo's most important numismatic Land in Persian, Hellenistic and Roman plus shipping. Available articles (20 in English, 13 in German periods than did Leo Mitdenberg, who through the publishers, either and 1 in French) , Having originally celebrates his 85th birthday this yea r. Unlversitiitsverla9, Perolles appeared fr om 1947 to 1995 in a vari His collected essays demonstrate the 42 CH-1705 Freiburg, Switzer ety of places, these articles are now meaning and re levance of numismatic land or Vandenhoeck & often ra ther difficult to find, so this book research to the historian the Biblical Ruprecht, R.-Bosch-Breite 6, ought 10 be a very welcome addition to scholar and the student of Jewish and 037079 Gottingen. Germany. any serious numismatic library. Christian religion alike_ ~ The reason why the University of Freiburg's Biblical Institute, one of the BOOKS BOOKS!! BUY OR BID SALE!! Closing Date July 30, 1998 (!\'1ay buy aOer closing date, subjeclto availability) Hill. 11II1~rial Pt'r$i"" Coins...... S8.OO Babelon, Us Origin~ ,Ie la Motlnaits a AlhellS ...... 520.00 Ne"'·el1. &ollie C)"p riO/ Ait'XtI"der$ ...... S8 .OO Imhoff-Alumer. Gruk Coin .• Illustrating MtwtrpitctJ afGreek Art ...... 535.00 I'egge. Coi"s of Archbisirop ofCanrubury ...... $15.00 McClean. The Origin of Wtight ...... 58.00 D~vis. Ancient Coinsm1l1 MtU"'lY!sofCeylon ...... SS.OO Newe ll. P,.., ·lml'uil,1 COillllgt of Roman A/lli/x:h ...... 58.00 Fe llows, Ancit'lif Coi"s of LJcia ...... S 10.00 Newell. The Seleud d Mint uf AIlliiX'h ...... $10.00 RavcllVlasto. Colleclio" nf T(jI'/'(j l in~ Coin...... 5 [00.00 Svornos. Earl)" Coin.'/ Mlludolliu (Frenc h) .• ...... $6~,OO FaIN et al. Num;smaliqut dt L' Anciennt Afriqut ...... 590.00 M:tuingly. G" id~ 10 Republka" & Imperial Ronum CoinJ ...... S25.00 Newe ll . Coinagt offHmtlriu$ Poliorcrits ...... $LOO.oo Bompois. MOnltai! dt KOI'"on Maked""ion ...... S25 ,OO Cahn. Die "'iinun der Stadl Na.ra...... S5O.oo Baldwin. Eier;lrum &; SiI"~r Coins o{Chio.• ...... 525.00 Compareue, Ats Sigtlmum ...... S25.OO Head, COifUlgt of EpirtsUS ...... $25.00 ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE SERIES - Ava ilable Again!! DeRouge. Coins oflhe Nmn e.VPro rjeclure,' of HgY/ 11 ...... 530.00 Volume I Augustus 10 VilClliu s...... 595.00 I)eMorga n. M,mud de Numismalique Orielilal ...... $35.00 Volume II Vespasian to Hadrian...... $85.00 R~ve l . U Pou/ailU de Carintht ...... 580.00 Volumc III Antoninus to Commodus ...... $85.00 Grose. McClean Colleclion ofGred Coin .• (3 volumes) ...... 5350.00 Volume IV P~rt inax 10 Urallius AntOllinu" ...... $125.00 Tudur. Ttlradrachms von Syrokus...... $45.00 Volume V Part J. Vale rian to 1-1ori311 ...... $125.00 . leiss. Monnaies drs Rois Wisigalhs d'£spognr ...... S38.00 Volume V Part II, Proi>u$IO Amandus ...... $95.00 Jamison, ManfUlits GrtqueJ Antiquts (4 "ols.) ...... $350.00 Volume VI Dioclctian to Muiminus ...... 595,00 Ra"el, Numisrnt1liques Grtqut Falsifications ...... $25.00 Volume VII Constan ti ne to Lieinius ...... 595.00 Sehman, Ma slerpieces of Greek Coinage...... 525.00 Volume VIII The Family of Constanline ...... $175.00 McDonaLd, Th~ EvO/uli'1II of Cain age ...... 525. 00 Volume IX Val ent ini an to Theodosius I ...... $65.00 Huhsch. Die Plolernaiscner MUli c ...... 52 0.00 Volume X The Dividctl Empire and the Fall of the We'tern Parts. 395·491 M3!!ing ly. Dati"g oflht Rnm(m Denarills ...... S 12. 00 ...... 5175.00 M~t!in g Ly. "An & I'u unia" Hecord. of Rorna" C"rf"I'IiCY ...... SI:\.OO Lambros, Cains of Medieval Kingdom of Cyp'"s ...... 535.00 }'ULL LI NE OF SEAKY I SPINKS TITLESAVAU.,\KLE Gardiakos, Coitlage of A/uall(ler the Grtot (3 vols.) ...... 5350.00 WRITE OR CALL!! Add $4.00 fIN litle, S 1.50 each additiooal li!le for pos!llge. LisIs a\.uI.1blc: USJCanada. Fucign, or AncienllMedie\l3l S 1.50 each for postage. All $3.00. Special Reqt>eSl$ Honored. SANFORD J. DURST, I I Clinton Avenue, Rockville Center. NY 11 570 Phone: 1·516-766-4444 · Fax: 1-5 16-7664520 July 1998 33 After looking through all Ihe essays, I would say that Professors HObner (from the University of Kiel) and Knauf Guide to BIBLICAL COINS (from Bern University) made a very good choice, more than justifying their comments above. They !irst supply a THIRD EDITION complete bibliography of all Leo's pub lications, and then divide th e book into four chapters, arranged by subject. The by David Hendin first contain s 11 articles on the local coinages of the Palestine area during COMPLETELY REVISED EDITION OF THE ONLY BOOK the Persian period; the second pre ABOUT BIBLICAL COINS RATED "****" BY THE CELATOR sents live articles on Greek subjects and fi ve on Punic and Siculo-Punic The new edition li sts more than 525 different coins coins; the third chapter is devoted to Bar Kochba studies with 10 articles; and the with more than 900 photographs; hundreds of line last has three miscellaneous essays, drawings and A NEW NUMBERING SYSTEM one on numismatic evidence in general, another on the im portance of die axes, 356 pages; 32 pages high quality plates; sturdy hardcover; dust jacket and the last on a very rare medieval Goldgulden from the town of Miltenberg. ORDER FROM YOUR FAVORITE COIN DEALER The essays really are useful, and they contain a wealth of information not OR GET AN AUTOGRAPHED COPY readily available elsewhere. The texts DlRECf FROM THE PUBLI SHER. $60 postpaid have been uniformly reset and are beautifully printed, while the origina l plates have been reproduced, fo r the · We wrote the book on Biblical coinsr" ASK FOA our free illustrated catalog 01 most part quite successfully, on high Jewish, Biblical, Greek. Aoman coins, qua!ity glossy paper (original captions ancient weights and small antiquities appear on facing plates). (and books about them). Having all these basic articles reo printed in a single volume is remarkably convenient, and I would think that all collectors of Jewish coins will want to have a copy. * Ancient & Medieval Numismatic Literature * In an effort [0 offer literature al the best possible prices. we have developed a topical data- Alan Walker base. This all ows us to target our li~ts. keeping printing and mailing cost al a minimu m. If you arc actively building a library, we would be pleased \0 send you the lists of interest at no charge. Please photocopy and return thi s ad even if you are a recent customer or if you Editions Moneta have received our catalogs previously. (check lhc appropriate ooxes) releases works on T02ic Books Sale Catalogs Merovingian coinage Ancient Greek (includes other coinase of the period) 0 0 Among the new litles announced for Roman (Republic, Empire, Provincial) 0 0 1998 by Editions Moneta in Wetteren, Middle ages (Includes Vandals. Goths, Islamic) 0 0 are two works by G. Depeyrot dealing Romaion (Byzantine Empire) 0 0 with the Merovingian coinage of Gaul. New topic: AntiqUities. archaeology The first is an introduction to the coin age, titled Le numeralre merovlngen, ancient architecture. art and history 0 0 /'age de /'or, I, Introduction. (BEF Name: Tel: .'ax: 1,750) The second is titled La numeraire merovlngen, /'age de /'or, II, Address: Les ateliers septentrionaux and deals If YOII have li teraturt! to sell; consider the two ercat advantages of consignment for with mints in Germany, the Lowlands, inclusion in our next database list: I) Quick sale 2) Low rommission rates. Also, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy (BEF we are always buying out-of-prlnt standard rderences. P1ease write or fax for our 2,350). Also available in 1998 is Le olTer. numeralre carolingien, corpus des monnaies, 2e edition augmentee (BE F 2, 150). The firm has several other titles John F. Bergman in print. For a list of offerings, orders and 4223 Iroquois Ave. 1 Lakewood, CA 907131 USA 1 Fax: 562-421-2208 shipping costs contact Editions Moneta, Tel: 562-421-0171 (4 to 8 PM weekdays, SAM to 8 PM weekends) Hoenderstraat 22, 89230, Wetteren, Belgium. Fax: (32) 93 69 59 25. 34 The Celator New Sear book on The Power of Money Imperatorial coins Coi nage and Politics in the Athenian Empire David R. Sear, noled numismatist THOMAS F IGUE IRA and author, has announced the forth· coming publ ication of a new book en· The Power of Money explores monetary and met· titled The History and Coinage of the rol ogical policy at Ath ens as a way of discern ing Roman Imperators, 49·27 BG. O ri gi· the character of Athenian hegemony in mid·fi fth· nally inspired by Ronald Syme's clas cent ury Greece . sic The Roman Revolution (Oxford. 1939), this book locuses allenlion on available al local bookstores or call 1 800445 9880 $49.95 cloth the two decades of tumultuous change UNIVERSITY OF PENNSY LVANIA which saw the transition from a repub lican to an autocratic form of govern PRESS ment in the Roman world. The rich variety of coin issues in thesa final years of the history of the Roman Rep ublic is of extraordin ary ANCIENT COIN DEALERS importance in th e interpretation of th e You are invited to participate in an in novation in ancient coin marke tin g on complex sequence of events. In cata the Internet. Not another auct ion site. More than .!"Shopping Mall" site. logu ing and describing some 435 coin types in the greatest possible detail, Whether you a re new to the Internet or a lready have a site, the 22-year period has been subdi vided into six chapters, each covering a significant episode in the story. A COIN CENTRAL survey of the sequence of events in has something for you. each chapter is followed by a cata logue of the coins in which th e rel And best of all, for coin dealers who participate in the grand opening, the evance of each individual type is dis first four months are $free, without obligation. See site for detai ls . cussed in depth. In most cases, the Come vis it http:Uwww.coincentral.com/lt·s that simple. Reall y. attribut ions and ch ro nology are based on those adopted by Michael Crawford in Roman Republican Coinage (Cam bridge, 1974). Any deviations from this standard work are fully discussed and explained. All the pri ncipal references If you aren't seeing this symbol on are cited following the description of each type, whilst the likely place and catalogues you are currently receiving date of mintage are slated with the greatest possible degree of accuracy in th e current state of our knowledge. Concordances are included with the equivalent entries in Crawfo rd, Babelon, Cohen and RIC. High quality photographic illustra tions are provided in the text lor the ma jority of the catalogue entries. How ever. the extreme rarity and poor strik· ing of some issues has necessitated the use in some instances of good quality line illustrations, mostly by the gifted 19th century artist L. Da rdel. Maps and indexes to the legends and historical narrative faci li tate ease of reference. Also included is a table of Write for our membership list comparative ra rity and value. Autographed copies may be or dered through Freeman and Sear by Jean-Luc Van Der Schueren reservation to the fi rm at P.O. Box Secretary, I.A.P.N. 5004, Chatsworth, CA 91313·5004 or 14 Rue de la Bourse by Fax to (8 18) 993·6119. The price has nol yet been announced by Spink B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium & Son, th e publisher, but is expected tel: 322 513 3400 fax: 322 512 2528 to be under $100. July 1998 35 Ancient coins as cultural property: A legal perspective on nmnislllatics and the antiquities trade Cultural Nalionalism vs. de fined broadly unde r the 1970 by P e ter K . Tampa Culturallnlernationalism UNESCO Convention as ··property wh ich. on religious or secular grounds, How a soc iety views an ancient arti is specificall y designated by each state The May 1998 CelalOr fea lU re d fact impacts the degree to which that as being of importance fo r archaeol· an art icle that Martin Beckmann society will encourage or discourage ogy, prehistory, history, literature, art authored about the ethics of coll ect private collectors. "Cultural National or science" and which fa lls within a ing ancien t coins entitled, "Numi s ism" considers an artifact to ··belong" number of broad categories, one of mflli cs and the Antiquities Trade." to the descendants of its maker as part The purpose of this present paper is of the society'S "cultural patrimony." which specifically relates to antique coins. to provid e the reader with some ad Cultural nationalist states, like Turkey, In contrast to the 1970 UNES CO ditional legal insight concerning the strictly restrict or prohibit pri vate col convention. the 1995 UNIOROIT Con same iss ue. As hinted in Mr. lecting in favor of state ownership. For ven tion on Stolen or Illegall y Exported Beckmann's article, cuhural pro p a cultural nat ionalist. the state should erly laws cover ancien! coins even hold title to all ancient art ifacts. includ Cultural Objects focuses on the role of courts in controlling illicit traffi c in if their practical impact to dale has ing common ones like coins, because it cultural property. Significantly, it remained quite limited. is considered protector of the cultural mandates the return of illegally ex Whether a "free market" in an patrimony, ported cu lt ural objects to the country cient coin s will continu e unfettered In contrast, "Cultural International of origin treating them as if they were (al least here in the United Slates) ism" holds that artifacts should be will depend, in no smaJ1 measure, on shared as products of a "common hu "stolen ." Although the 1970 UNESCO Con the commitment of coll ectors them man culture." Collecting is acceptable, vention and the 1995 UNIDROIT Con selves. Unfortunately, g iven the but may be subject to some restrictions. vention have sought to limi t the antiq prospect of increasi ng regulation in A cultu ral intern ationalist country, like ui ties trade internationally, many of the the area, numismatists can no longer the United Kingdom, allows private in afford to ig nore the issue com di viduals to coll ect common objects like richest countries most likely to import artifacts have ei ther refused to ratify pletely. Rath er, numis matists must most ancient coins. Controls, to the make their feelings known to Ameri extent they exist, arc reserved for only these instruments, or have only agreed to their provisions on a restricted ba can decision makers to counter those unusual or rare objects. fore ign governments and members sis. The United States provides a case of th e archeological establishment International Law in point. The United States Senate pressing for wholesale restrictions International treati es reflect a cul adopted a watered-down version of the on coll ecting any antiquities. Oth tu ral nationalist perspective. The 1970 1970 UNESCO Convention and United erwise, these decision makers will see UNES CO Convention contemplates States delegates refused to sign the 1995 only "one side of the coin" when they that governments wi ll enter into agree UNIDROIT Convention at al l. are confronting the difficult issues raised ments to enforce each other's cultu ral Domestic Law propert y laws. "Cultura l properlY" is in Mr. Beckmann's article. There is a marked contrast between federal statutory law and the decisions rendered by some federal courts. While federal statute takes a cultural Largest Stock 01 Ancient internationalist approach to collecting an ti qu iti es, some federal courts have adopted a cultu ral nationalist view es Coins in the World! poused by foreign governments seek ing the relorn of anci ent arti fac ts al Coins in quantities include: legedly removed illegall y from their Greek, Roman, & Byzantine b ronze & silver soil. The 1983 Cultural Property Imple· Dealer inquiries only. mentation Act enacted the 1970 UNESCO Convention with some re Educational Coin Company strictions. These limitations require Box 3815, Kingston, New York 12401 the executive branch to exercise its Phone' (201) 728·8650 or 728-3865 Fa" (201) 728-0204 own "indepe ndent judgment" in decid ing whether the Uni ted States will en- 36 The Gelator force fo reign national ownership laws. is not illegal under the 1983 Cultural Should Ancient Coins Be A Cultural Propert y Advisory Com Property Act to import an ancient Treated as Cultural Property? mittee reviews requests from foreign coin exported illicitly from another Martin Beckmann raises many ex count ries for import restric ti ons and country. On the other hand , if a cellent points about the ethics of an makes recommendat io ns on the is· court considers a fore ign state to cient coin coll ecting. Nonctheless, as sue to the executi ve branch. Import "own·' that same coi n under a na an archeologist, Mr. Beckmann 's con regulations result from these del ib tional ownership statute, that court cern is main ly with prc!\crvation of the erations. may conclude the object is "sto len. ,. archeological record . in contras!, the At present, there arc no import re If so, the court will order the return focus of moSt foreign cultural property strictions on ancient coin s. This, o f the coin to th e "true owner," the laws is on state cO nlrol over arti facts however, is subj ect to change. For foreign state, wi thout any compen found in that state's soil. If preserva example, Archeology re ports that sat ion to th e collec tor. S ig nifi tion of the archeological record were 1t :t1 y is planning to request that the cantly, i n dO ing so, th e court is in really the primary purpose of such leg Uni ted States impose import restric effect applyi ng the rul e of law pro islation, such laws would onl y provide tions on art ifacts origin at ing fro m m ulgated in the 1995 U NIDRO IT for the study of arti facts by requiring that country. T he deta ils o f Italy's Conventi o n- a treaty the United ind ividuals to report Iheir rinds. There request have not been reported, but States has refused to sign. would be no issues related to whether presumably Italy may seek import The Republic of Turkey v. O KS the state should compensate finders or restricti ons on ancient coins alo ng Partners case. pend in g before a fed property owners because such art ifacts with other artifacts. If so, it will be eral court in Boston, is the one ctlse wou ld presumably be returned to the the responsibili ty of the Cultural where this rule has been applied 10 finder or propert y owner after a period Advisory C ommittee to weIgh th e ancient coins. In a pretrial order, the of study. merits of Italy's request. coun held that Turkey could pursue its This focus on state versus pd vate In contrast to federal legislative action seeking recovery of a large hoard ownership rights raises the question of pro no uncement s, a number of fed of Greek sil ver coins, featuring founeell whether American decision makers eral courl S have taken a cultural na Athenian Deeadrachms, on the theory should recognize foreign laws that tio nali st approach in ordering the re that Turkey "owned" any coin removed designate ancient coins as cultural turn o f ancient artifacts to the coun illegally from Turkish soil. That case is propert y. The ulti mate issue is not try of origin. These dec isions rest now sched uled for trial thi s summer. whether fore ign states can declare an on a s ubtle d ist inc tion betwee n Now, the major issue in the trial will be ancient coin state cultural propert y but whether an object is " illegally ex whether the coins did actuall y come whether the Unitcd States should en- po rted" or '·sto len." At present. 11 from Turkey as is alleged. -- THE TWELVE CAESARS - A GENTLEMAN'S COLLECTION BUY OR BID • DEADLINE JULY 31, 1998 A beautiful coll ection of portraits in silver coinage, displayed in a handsome custom case t. JUUUSCAESAR, AR den ... Cr. 4&1. EF 2.AUGUSTUS , AR den. , ..... RIC 329, EP 3. T1BERIUS, AR drachm ..... RJC 289. EF 4. CALICULA,ARden . .... RSC I I.roe.vEl' 5. ClAUDtUS.ARden.. ... RSC 94. near EF 6. NERO.AR denarius, .. ... RSC 314. FOe 7. GALilA,AR denarius ...... RSC 34. EF 8.an m ,ARdcnarius ...... RSC9,EF 9. VITELUUS,ARdrnarius, .... RICfiJ. EF 10. VESPAS IAN,AR de n. .. RIC 37, FOC II. TITUS. AR de nariu s ...... RI C 27b. EF 11. OOM tTIAN. AR den ...... RIC 191. r;r CONDITIONS 010· SALE All coins guaranteed authentic. There is no buyers fee. Bids may be placed by mail. fax or phone. Please print d early, provide your address & tclcphone num ber and sign yO ll r bid. Twelve Caesars are to be sold as a group. The coins wi ll not be sold indiv idually. only as a group. Q uestions-call (760) 603-8122. Fax (760)603-8886. Mail 10: Bi ll Bates, 6965 E1Camioo Real,Suile 105-531 ,La COSfa, CA92009. MINIMUM BID $17,500 U.S.' VISA' MasterCard' American Ex press July 1998 37 force that foreign declaration of own F i na ll y, the re is the iss ue of Ameri can decision makers to restrict all ership against United States citizens whether go vernments can or should imports of ancient coins of Italian or on American soil. seek to requ ire a collector to estab Turkish origin. and this translates in While th is issue is ad mittedly com lish the provenance o f a coin when practi ce to seizures by overzealous cus plex, there are a number of factors re it is diffic ult, if nOl impossible , to toms officials who suspect all ancient lating specifically to ancient coins that verify when or where that coin was coins to have been excavated illegally argue against such coin s being consid excavated. While Beckmann cites from Italian or Turki sh soil. ered cultural property, part icularly estimates th at 80% of all coins on What can collectors do? Vi gilance when compared with other ancient ar the market today have been d ug up and engagement-not an ostrichl ikc tifacts. First, ancient coins are. gen withi n the last thirty years, such sta "head-in-the-sand" approach- is the erally speaking, quite common . Even tistics do not suggest that a collec answer. Collectors should make their ra re coi ns, like the Athenian tor may d istin guish such new fi nds feeli ngs known to decision makers in Decadrachm. ex ist in multiple ex fro m the thousands (if not millions) Congress and in the Cultural Property a mpl es. Thus, there are certainly of other exampl es that have been Ad visory Committee about these issues. enough of most types avai lable to sat traded avidly si nce the Renaissance. Leavi ng the field open to only one point isfy the needs of pri vate collectors and Coins with a " provenance" for the of view vi rt ua ll y ensures an undesirable state mu seums alike wi thout resort to most part once resided in the trays res ult. Only by making our fee lings confiscatory legislation. of gentleman collectors or special known can we ensure that decision mak Second, there is the issue of whether ists. They ure th e stuff of in dividu ers will be able to balance all interests, ancient coins can really be considered als with considerable means, and including those representing our age-old part of the "cultural patrimony" of any certainly not the typical coin found hobby, into the equation. one modern nation state. For example, in one's collection of ancients. Sources: the Roman Empire spanned much of Conclusion Europe and the Middle East. Under the Martin Beckmann, "Num ismat ics and circumstances, should one modem coun Should collectors worry? Probably the Antiquities Trade." The CelalOr, try be heard to claim that a coin type not-at least yet-due to the immense May 1998, p.34. that circulated throughout this broad practical difficulties assoc iated with a Andrew L. Slay man, ' Italy Fights area is an important part of its "cultural foreign government tracking specific Back," Archaeology Magazine. Mayl patrimony?" Most ancient coin collec coins to a specifi c point of sale, and then June 1998, p. 43. tors would think not, particu larly when seeking le gal redress. Could this Peter K. Tompa, "Ancient Coins as Cul ancient coin s are compared wi th other change? Possibly. if fore ign go\'ern tural Property: A Cause for Con archeological relics, li ke mosaics. men ts, li ke Ital y or Turkey, convince cern?" _ Journal of lnt'! Legal Stud ies _ (forthcoming), (Peter K. Tampa is a senior counsel at Carr Goodson Lee & Warner. P.c.. a c!r Q&(br 38 The Gelator Long Before ColuIDbus Troy Inyth and fact trance imo the city lind defeat the Tro by Joe Rose jans. This great talc was attributed to Homer, in thc Il iad, wriHen about 850 BC, and was told and retold for centu In the A pril issue, we wrote of the ries. Thcn. like 1Il0St myths. it fad ed legendary Minotaur. and how hard into obscurity and by Schlicmann's day work and the slUbborn belief in a was considercd to be completel y ficti d ream mOli vatcd the Brilish Archeolo lious. But not to Schliemann! was un known to cartographers of the gist Sir Arthur Evans to persist until Determined to proceed with his ex time, and those few scholars who be he had found the ruins of the city of plorations in the most scientific man lieved that it might have existed, had Kn ossos, and enough actual evidence ner possi ble, he e nrolled in the only the vaguest idea of where il might to prove that the myth had it's basis Sorbonne in Paris, to study the ancient have bccn. Most felt that it had to have in reality. Nor was Sir Arthur alo ne Greek language and to ground himself been on the Western shores of what is in his love for Ancient Greece and hi s in the field of Archeology. This was now Turkey, separated from Greece by zeal to fac tual ize the stories he had not as easy as it sounds. as Archeol the Aegea n Sea So, undaunted, grown up believin g. Many o ther ogy was a relative ly new field in the Schl iemann set sail for Turkey. and a scholars had their theories about Ihis I 860's, and not many schools existed li tt le vil lage thar seemed to be the clos land, but unfortunately, few had the for it s' stud y, nor were there many est to where popu lar thought placed wherewithal to pursue their dreams. teachers available. Nevertheless, the Trojan s ite. B ut o nce there, One who did wa s Hein ri c h Schli emann absorbed whatever knowl Schliemann was unable to see any Schlicmann. edge he could, and despite the scholarly similarity to the area described by This son of a Protestant pa stor was scoffing that accompanied him, set off Homer, whose epic" Iliad" was, he born in 1822 in Neubukow, Germany, to find Troy in the summer of 1868. thought , closest to the truth. In stead, and grew up poor in worldly goods bUI This was akin to man's first jour he was drawn to a town farthcr north, well-grounded in ancient hi story, to neys into space. The location of Troy called Hissarlik, near the coast. which his father was devotcd. Hi s Christmas gi ft in 1829 was a book of ancient history, a gift which shaped his life. He vowed that someday, aft er he had made his fortune, he would find the ancient city of Troy, whose sicge particularly intrigued him. Hard 3 East 65 th Street, Sui te 2 working, intelligent and wi th an in New York, NY 10021 born facility for languages, he even 212570.6999 Fax 212 570.1899 tually found himself in busine s~ as an imp0rl -cxport broker in SI. Peters anepri m@ mail.idt.net burg. Russia when news of the gold strike in Ame rica reached him. Sens C:1I~loguC$ 3v3 i l~ble: $15 US I $25 Foreign ing opportunity, Schliemann sailed fo r Subscriptions ~v3i13 b le: $25 US I $40 Foreign Califo rnia, where he made a huge for tune buying and sell ing gold. Wealthy Specializing in: beyond his wildest expectations, he Classical an d Egyptian Antiquities, reti red at age 41, determined to spe nd Pre·C',olumbian Art, his remaining years searching for Asian Antiquities, and Troy. Ethnographic Art Probably few school children ex ist who are not familiar with some as www.arteprimitivo.com pects of the Siege of Troy, of the ex ploits of Achill es, Ajax and Odysseus and the story of the Trojan horse, to th is day a synonym for a hidden d'ln Are you a new or beginning ger. According to the legend, Helen, coflector? wife of King Menelaus, had been kid Are you an experienced napped by Paris, a Troj an Prince, and collector? taken to Troy. The Greeks besieged Then you ~ to know about the cit y for ten years, finally using the Arte Primifivo ruse of the wooden horse to gain en- July 1998 39 H issarli k wa.~ atop a huge flat mound, just such a mound as Schliemann pictured THE SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY as the site of the Palace of Troy. If sur Founded in J879 rounded by truck walls, that site could have casi ly w ithstood a ten-year siege. Con At the lorelront 01 scientifiC and historical research for over one hundred years, the Swiss Numismati c Society has established a world-wide reputatiOn by ils work with leading scholars, vinced that he had found what he was collectors and dealers diffused through its well known Revue and Gazette journals with articles looking for, Schliemann began to dig in in four languages, togetherwith numerous monographs and special publications in such series th e spring of 1870. as Typos and the Catalogues of Swiss Coins, Some sixteen feet down, the work The Society itself owes its inception in 1879 to the pioneering spirit of Dr. Charles Fran90is men en countere d the remains of a Trachsel. its founder and lirst president, but the Swiss numismatic tradition goes back 10 the earliest days 01 coin collecting in the late 15th century when connoisseurs like the Amerbach thick wall, which Schlicmann imme family of Basel, inspired by Renaissance humanists sLlCh as Erasmus of Rotterdam lt1en di ately declared was part of the Pal residing in the city, established impOl1ant cabinets. ace of Pria m, the Trojan King. Un The Society continued hom the old century under the guidance or Eugene Demole and Paul fortuna tely, no one knew that many Stroehlin, while the new was presided over by eminent scholars such as Dietrich Schwarz and lowns had been built over the origina l Cotin Mar1in. sile of Troy, and that he had uncov The SwiSS Numismatic Society remains today at the service of the In ternational numismatic community. dedicated as it is to the furtherance of the knowledge of those small but invaluable ered o nl y the first. (This was Ili on, witnesses of art and history, the coins 01Greec e, Rome, BY1:anlium, the Orient, the middle already more than 2500 years old at ages, the modern period and Switzerland itself. that time). Schliemann b e l ieved he By joining this leading society you will be able to participate directly in numismatic research and had fou nd Troy but he was unable to moreover be eligible to receive the annual Revue and the quarterly Gazette, as well as prove it because a disagreement with members' discounts most special publications. on the Turkish Government forced him to ApplicatiOns lor membership in the Society are welcome from all with an interest in ancient and SlOp work for several months. until modem numismatics. OClOber of 1871. By the ti me digging The membership fee is Sfr 100 per year (Sfr 50 for members unclel 25) and Sfr 2000 for life membership, or a sponsoring membership from Sfl 250 pel year. Make checks payable to resumed, he had realized his mi stake Swiss Numismatic Society, Credit Swiss Bank. Beme, Switzelland, ale 0094- 100849-4 1. and when winter forced the halt o f work for the year. his men had dug so SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY deep that they were bringing up Stone c/o Jean-Pierre Ri ghetti, Regie de Fribourg SA Age im plements! Thoroughly confused, Schliem I'D {11lE TIIE GAWC WAfffRt... 42 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Antiquities ) ( Antiquities ) C___ ~A~n~t~iq~w~-t~ie~s __~) S-'"""- --11: _":-''' - .... + ...... _Nl_ :-~ 2 ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL COINS hAGt\tr1TS Of lit\t OF ALAMEDA : EGYPTIAN & CLASSICAL l MUSEUM-QUALITY ANCIENT ART ** ** CMV Numismatics **** I ANTIQUITIES t ~ ~ ~ Artifac/)'- Weapol!s- Books-Coills ., We oJ)er the cvl/ec/or a varied Sei<,ctiOOI ., Specializing in Greek, Roman, t ottine ql.alily Ancient Wvrld Art! l Egyptian and Etruscan All your col/edill8 Ileeds under ol!e mof ~ ~ Antiquities I I We Locate Your Wan ls I I P.O. 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Classictll Alltiquities Send your advertising message Egyptinn Aliliquities to a targeted market of nearl y Asian Antiquities /1J. 2,500 ancient coin enthusiasts. Efhnographic Art The Time Numismatics Advertise in the Machine Co. Purchases - Sa les Professional Directory! Auctions - Exhibitions Fine Archaeological 3 East 65th Street, Ste. 2 Call Wayne at Arl and Coins NYC 10021 (417) 679-2142 212570.6999 / Fax 212.570.1899 P.O. Box 282 - Flush ing Sta. arteprim@ma~ l.idt .net or email: Queens, NY 11367 [email protected] 544-2708 ~ July 1998 43 Professional Directory ( Antiquities ) ( Antiquities ) (__ -=B-=:;oo:.:;ks=-'=---C=-:o:.::ios=-_) Antiquities, Jewelry Antiques Ancient FINE NUMISMATIC BOOKS Collectibles Artifacts Bought and Sold Ancient Coins Q Numismatic Arts Authentic Pieces John Ristow of Santa Fe Low Prices · Free List Curiosities P.O. Box 9712, Santa Fe. NM 87504 send for list Phone 505-982-8792 ' Fax 505·982-029 1 P.O. 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Box 1672 • E xc l u~i"c Auction Bidding Service New York cals in an fields and also conduct four • Sound Advice based on long e~pt:rienc c NY 10009 numismatic literature auctions a year. • Periodic reference book li sts & sales Send $10 for our next catalogue. (212) 254-4432 Empire Coins, Inc. Send us your wan t lisl & GEORGE FREDERICK KOLBE. P.O. Ik>~ 2634 join our Fine Numismatic Book s : Ormond Beath. l-l , 32I1S.2634 USA maili ng li st!! Phone (904) 617-7314 P. O. Dra ....er 3100 • Crestline. CA 92325 .. OffICe hours "·S. M· F Emait: Tel' (9(9) 338·6527 • Fax, (909) 338.6980 . F .~ (9().l) 677·7234 [email protected] email: [email protected] .. E.mail ~ roh4fc rnpiTL"o;n •.com ~."! ' ""' BY APPOINTMENT ---_MEMEIER: I~...PN ' M~ _-----_ • ~NS • RNS, "lIS . ETC, III Web·sil t llllp:llwww . empi recoin ~.cQ 1T1 44 The Gelator ..• Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) Ancient & World Coins ROMAN, Specialist in . CELTIC, ENGLISH Ancient Coins . HAMMERED COINS & PONTERIO -~ 17th CENT URY ENGLISH & ASSOCIATES, INC. also stock World Minor Coins, TRADE TOKENS Medals, Crowns, Ani/acts, W6.hetl1cr your collecting interests in coins 1818 Robinson Ave. Books and Coin ca.~es compri se rare lind expensive c:: Our unique mail bid auctions Classical Cash allow you to PAY THE Always Buying!!! PRICE YOU Antiquilie5 and Anciml Coim WANT TO PAY (413) 733-4511 Bought and Sold 0111 fully iI/us/rated mail bid oIKlions conl(lin ow' 600 lOIS ofanci~nI coiru, 210 Maple Street Members of the Bri tish Numismatic amiqui/its and anliq"l!s in all price rotlBes. Trade Association and the " No Buyers Fee" Springfield, MA 011 05 Antiquities Dealers Association For fru catalog coniac/: Colosseum Lennox Gallery Ltd. Coin Exchange, Inc. Grc:ybro() k 1·louse, 28 Brook Stree t, As you Ire reading this, think London WIY l AG, U.K. P.O. Box 21CL, Hazlet, NJ 07730 about how many other people Phone: 171-629-9119 ·171-491-0091 (732) 264-1161. 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Dorney RARE PARS COINS (lassical Jl}umismatist COINS Free Catalogs Issued Hi-monthly Specializing in the Coina8e of Judaea * Ancient * Medieval * Modern William M. Rosenblum A "lim/ Coins of P.O. Box 355 A ka Clllfll hl- P aT/hia n -S asanian Evergreen CO 80437·0355 PeT.\"iJ-£IYlllfli.l-Charax and. P.O. Box 493362, Dept. 0 Phone: (303) 838·4831 Redding, CA 96049-3362 Buy-Sell- Trade-Appraise [email protected] Fax, (303) 838-1213 P.O. Bolt 9663, San Jose. CA 95157 http;1 / uliel'$.aol.com/ domey / ar1ifaclS.html E-mail: [email protected] Tel 408-244-4995 Fax 408-244-4996 ISLAMIC &: INDIAN Pegasi COINS From the earliest times NUM ISMATI CS to the present day Ann Arbor, MI Holicong, PA C/a~'sic(ll numismatists serving beginners thru advunced collectors Free Illustrated Catalogs Classical Greek, Roman, Price lists issued regularly, Byzantine, and Medieval available upon request Coins, Books & Antiquities - Fo. Th Collufo. - STEPHEN ALBUM P.O. Box 131040 ANCIENT &: MEDIEVAL COINS BUY -$elL _ APPRAISAL P.O. BOX 7386 Ann Arbor, MI48113 PO Box 15134, Portland, OR 97293 SANTA ROSA,CA. 95407 U.s.A. Phone: (313) 995-5743 (503) 234-1262 fu: 233-5664 phone: 707-539-2120 Fax: (313) 995-3410 fax: 707-539-3348 July 1998 47 Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) Dr. Ralph DeMarco MedhUlsa Galleries ROB GOLAN L & L Scholing Interesting Ancient Coin s Fine Ancient Coins of High QualilY "Not your average hoard materia' " Post Office Box 193 Hillsborough, NC 27278 P,O. Box 705 GREEK 10 MEDIEVAL Murray Hill, NJ 07974 • (919) 644-6069 Coins & Antiquities (908) 464-7252 demarcotte@worldnet all,net From 700 B.C. to A.o. 1600 [email protected] Fine Antique Maps & Decorative Art 25 Years in Business C.l. M artin (Coins) Ltd Fred B. Shore Write or Call for a Free Catalogue P.O . Box 947 of London, England Safety Harbor. FL 3469S...()947 Classical Numismatics OUlI CATALOGUES 1;'ICLum: ,\NC I F~"T TcllFax (813)797-9 100 GlI:tEC 1lROl\'ZE, GREEK 511. VER. Andt!11l Greek, Roman (/lid ROMAN SILVER " flROt\'ZF.. BYZANTINE. Parthian coins of the highest Cr.LTIC. ,\NGLO SAXON. NOR,\tAN, qualilY bought and sold tlAMMERFJJ MEDIllVAL ANCIENT Christian Blom ARTIfACT'S. HOA RDS.It SPF.cIAL OFFERS PO Box 396 Schwenksville, PA 19473 Greek, Roman and (610) 287·4820 fax (610) 287·4821 85, The V ale, World Coins South ate, London ~14 6A T, write for free sample fist s En gland P.O. Box 7618 ® &,,,bI;J.rJ 20 ".". ... Arlington, VA 22207 Tel: (1) 81 882 1509 703-525-3910 Fax: (1) 81 886 5235 noon to midnight Tel.pI,.,.,. Vi... &- M.. . ~ • .J•• cu l'l...t Twente Ancient Coins Shows & Wafll Lists (no cow/oglles or lisls published) J ohn & J a ne l Twente MU, 10Sle/ewe Hall , Columbia, MO 6521 1 (573)-445-3389 and HAMMERED COINS bOllgh! & sold~i1iIlS lr(ll ed li,,'/ IIpon reqllesl andent & rare coins P.O . Box 2874, Colchester, Essex. BILL MCDANIELS England C04 5UR p.o. hu,\ .~N7. r~ l'. n.,\. 111:'1<\0 TellFax 44-1-206-752110 'l' n ill)! (ll'Hlef'., ," ,11","1, 'r~, ill \ l'~I<>r' Ancient and email: [email protected] \I l' IWl-d '1> lun Medieval Coins website: http://www_vospcr4coins.co.uk (;r('l'k. • lhzantim' (Greek, Roman, Indian, Roman •.hulm '.m Islamic, Chinese, \\,,,,lli,1- "rt;,,-" ,,·nin·d. 1-1-,1;" n '( II,." Early European, Etc.) I,~i'ilq!," \Ii,-"in, ::IIH,",""""([ J.!'·"";'W Do it the Easy Way "illwI111in1l'limil. P.O. Box 2273 RENEW ONLINE! phnlll': (914) ')."\9-2n5N Albany, NY 12220 www.celator.com ""'ll1hl'l": lIlla 1m l",~l>. "1],, l"a. "i"" 48 The Celator Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) KIRK DAVIS PRAETORIAN SPARTAN Classical Numismatics NUMISMATICS Greek· Roman· Celtic Greek, Roman Republic NUHrSMA1t(!S Numismatic Literature and Imperial, Byzantine PO Box 19 Illustrated Catalogues issued quarterly Top dollar paid for single coins £.tal/enl prices on Ruaranlud Furlong, PA 18925 Of entire coHections authentic ancient coins and antiquities. (215) 343-9606 Please c,,11 or write and express your interest Conservative Grading, Many scarcer Post Ol'lice Box 324 items. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Free Illustrated Catalog Claremont, CA 91711 USA Malfflew D. Geary has been 8 respected coin dealer for 20 years. He will 00 happy to offer Attractive, Low Priced (909) 625-5426 help and guidar>ee /0 beQinning collectors. Send for free monthly catalog_ Ancients E- Mail address: Medieval TE. Bray's [email protected] FlNET Antiquities PIECES OF T ITlVIE Or write to: Ancient Roman Coins P.O. Box 35, Philadelphia, PA 19 !OS "No One Sells Better for Less" Conservatively graded, affordable historical coins SUPERB Frequent BUY OR BID SALES ILLUSTRATED at our web site: ANCIENT COINS PRICELISTS http://www.romancoin.com Catalogues through the mail Greek Write, phone, email or call for a copy Roman of our current offerings, Byzantine Lavender Rose Productions, l.nc. BOX 82082, Portland, OR 97282 Request yours today.! DAVID L VAGI 2 12-564-6360 (503) 777-0159 Fax: (503)775-2238 email: [email protected] Wayne C. Phillips 8-A Village Loop DELPHI Suite 125 I NT ERN AT ION A L Don't miss a single issue of Phillips Ranch, CA 91766 ANC I E NT ART The Celator. renew today! (909) 629-0757 Box 20155. Greeley Square Station Serving the collector since 1959 New York . NY .10001-0155 ( Numismatic Services) M&M Brian Krill NUMISMA TISTS ,){umismatics, uti. ONLINE Dealer in Ancient & Medieval Coins Specializing in Ancient COIN AUCTIONS ON 'Nt" IN'l"RNBT Greek, Roman & Judaic Coins Fixed Price Lists ~ Public Sales· Appraisals (\ J. Buying and Selling <'0 ~~ ~~ Contact Lucien Birkler P.O. Box 558 '"'IVG T0"-- 1100 171h Street NW, Suite 900 Burtonsville, MD 20866 www.TIumismatists.com Washington, D.C. 20036 (301) 236-0256· fax (301) 989-1796 300 Brannan SL , Sle. 301 • San Francisco. CA 94164 TeL 202-833-3770. Fa); 202-429-5275 e-mail: [email protected] 415-247-7667' Email: [email protected] July 1998 49 INDEX OF DISPLAY ADVERTISERS Professional Directory Aequotas ClIISlicaI Arts. Inc. . __ ...... _ ... _ ... _._._ .• 2 1 AItun. $NophIon _. ______._. ____ ... _.. _...... 47 .t.mpI\OQl00raf>l1iC ______...... 50 A ~. P rl m ~iYo 39, 43 Anilact' .". _ . ______.. __ ... "...... "...... 44 Balel . Bi l ,.".,.. "., .. ,.,.. ,.. ,., .. ,.. ,.. ,."., .. ,.. ,., ..... ,.. ,.... ,.. ,., ... 37 Bay SlIto Coon Show ...... 50 BOSTON ... MOORE Beam, James E. ______...... 45 Betll"'ln. ..IoM F. ______...... J.t Ancient and Fo reign Coin Berman,AIlenG...... to RELIC SHOW Bentngie<. Iolarc T...... _...... , 47 Mecca of Til e Northeast.! BIom. ChrI-...... 48 Including: Ancient, Medieval, CeIgary Coin GalIerV ...... 4 5 BAV STATE COIN SHOW c-tIncI. Tom ...... _...... _ ...... _ ... <:owr COB · COF .. ______...... _._ ... 11 Relic Coins & Currency QaIU.o.nc;e.rrt eo... ______.. _.. __ ...... 41 November 20,21, & 22, 1998 ClIIss1c411 Clot h .. ______.. _...... 45 Old World & Foreign CIuIIcaI Nu...... ruc Group. Inc...... """,. r CMV N...-nismalics ...... 43 Antiquities CoIn Ce('jral.. _...... 35 RADISSON HOTEL ColoMe..." CoIn Excn.ng& ______...... ".". 45 "57" PARK PLAZA Indian ArtifacLs De.... . Kirlc .. " ...... "" .... ".".""."." ...... " ...... " ...... ". 12,49 Delpnl lnllmalional 49 Room rese rva tIons: 617-482-1800 Pre-Columbian DeMarco, D• . Ralph __ ,,, ... 48 Domey. KoI ..... oth 47 Over 30 yean... 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" ...... ,, "' " .. 45 Numismatist Leu Numismati 50 The Gelator Paid Advertisement ~e Dear Celator Reader: collecting by Hendin numbers, and the other by I sit here at my computer, absolutely bone-tired , as I Mildenberg numbers. Both collectors have the financial have just returned from 10 days nonstop in Cal iforn ia. capacity to end up having collections that will rival the First, we flew to San Francisco to put on the first NAB "Bromberg Sales", at some time in the future, as they since the Spring of 1995, at which time we had relin want really nice coins. A magnificent "Menorah" lepton quished our show to the NY International Group. Doing was recently sold to one of th'em and we were privi a small show again was a relearning process as I had of leged to be able to examine the co in. It was simp ly a course forgotten half of what we needed to know. I must wonderful example of an exquisite rare coin . Needless admit though, that the show went very, very smoothly, to say, I am in the market for good quality Judaean coins, and I believe the dealers in attendance had good sales. since I deal with both collectors. So, if Judaean is not I know I was pleased, as we had an attendance of over what you co llect, but you managed to buy a few nice 265 people, and everyone who came, seemed to be look pieces years ago, please contact me , and be astounded ing for items to buy, even if we did not have them in at what I might be willing to pay, if you have items that I stock. A few of our regular dealers were at the IAPN can use. I am especially interested in any silver coin meeting in Ireland, but we easily sold out our tables by age from either the First or Second Revolts, but would adding a few new faces such as Wayne Sayles (of also like to hear about any nice bronzes that you might Celator fame), and Ira Goldberg who now has his own have. company since leaving Superior. The problem will be Several regular readers wanted to know why I did next year, as we are certainly planning on another show not comment on the Buena Park Show we did in Cali in the Spring. We will need to add several tables for our fornia recently, as I had promised that I would. Well it regulars who will want to come back and I have limited was a very good idea, but really didn't work. The con capacity to expand. We will have to figure this out at vention site was a bit difficu lt to find and ce rtainly off the some future date. beaten path, and while the facility was quite nice, the So, what were people buying? Pretty much every show ended up being rather small, and the public turn thing. We did sell some rather high end Greek and Ro out even smaller. We did enough business to pay for man gold, and I know that several Syracusan our expenses, but it certainly was not worth schlepping dekadrachms were sold by other dealers. The market all the way out to California to do the show. certainly seems to have picked up, as we had noticed a We are about to have the N.Y. Spring Coin Show, slowing of interest in the more expensive items, but th is that Victor England and I have been working very hard was not in evidence at the NAB. I was amazed at a few on for the past year, so the next issue will give you all collectors who drove all the way to S.F., parked their the details on how that worked out. We are already cars, and then balked at paying the $3- admiss ion fee, planning on expanding that show into a 100 table show, which was good for both days. Guys, give me a break! as we have a rather long list of dealers who suddenly Following the show, Erik and I took a leisurely drive realized that they were not going to be participating in a down Highway 101, and ended up in Encino, where I coin show in the largest city in America, and now sud stayed for the next several days wh ile Erik was off to the denly want in. We have stuck to our guns, and to sup San Diego area to visit some of his reenactment bud port those dealers who had the "guts" to sign up early dies. I actually had a chance to get a bit of rest, and did on , will not allow any table sharing, nor dealers having accomplish one of my goals in life, going to Universal "buddies" behind the tables. It looks like next year's Studios and riding on their new Jurassic Park ride. Help show will be fairly well sold out, even in a larger format, ful tip-whatever you do-do not sit in the front row in and we anticipate having several auctions also in asso the right hand seat. I ended up completely drenched!! I ciation with the show. must admit to having an excellent time, and highly rec ommend Universal to anyone who is in Southern Cali fornia. On to Long Beach, where we had a 5 day show in Rare Coins & Classical Arts Ltd. cluding setup day. We were busy fro pretty much the "Specialists in Museum Quality Coins" whole show, as a lot of new and potential future collec Member: ANA, ANS, SAN, AINA, INS, Ex- tors came to the show, and a lot of time was spent dis Fellow RNS cussing ancients, and recommending the new set of books being put out by Wayne. Roman silver was be P.O. Box 374 "At the Gallery" ing sought, and we sold a number of nice examples, South Orange, NJ 07079 111 South Orange Ave. and as usual, Judaean was hot, hot, hot. There are Phone: (973) 761-0634 South Orange, NJ 07079 Fax: (973) 761-8406 Phone: (973) 762-1588 several relatively new collectors in the field, with one July 1998 51 4 different simple to use price catalogues: Celator Classifieds Look up for yourself what the market pays for your coins and banknotes ..... Rates: $5.00 for the first 20 words, 20¢ each addnional word. Roman Aging but amiable collector Greek, Roman, Medieval will buy, sell, or trade ancients coins. Monthly catalogs with and world coins. Art Noot, very reasonable prices and Coin Price Yearbook 1996/97 N-3166 Johnson Rd ., di scounts issued for 30 years. 10.000 auction prices realized from Winter,WI 54896-7503, email: Francis 1. Rath, Box 266, 251 international public auctions held world-wide [email protected] Youngstown, NY 14174. Augustus - Hadrian Ancients & British list, John ANCIENT and MEDIEVAL Darling, 33 N. Main, Ashland, COINS for the middle class Imperial, vol. I : 31 BC - AD 138 OR 97520: (541)482-3636;dlrr collector. Robert G. Lilly, P.O. Reference nwnbers to: RIC / BMC / Cohen / Sear / Seaby / ling@ jeffnet.org. Visit Barry & Box 75374, Charleston, WV Kankelfitz. All prices converted to USD for comparison. Darling, ancients.cnchost.com 25375, 304-776-4080, Web 525+[50] pp, English language, foreword in Genom + French+ Strong buyers of collections & Site: http://www_wvinter.net/ Italian + Spanish + Danish. overstock. -lilcoins Postpaid: USD 83 / GBP 55 / DKK 525 STILL LOOKING for a spe Antiquities: Ancient art and cial book on ancient or foreign artifacts of Egypt, Greece, Swedish-Finnish coins? We stock over 1,0Cl0dif Rome, the Holy Land and the ferent titles. Please write: A.G. Near East. Send for free list. Coin Price Yearbook 1997/98 van def Dusscn, Witmakers Helios, P.O.Box 25, 9.000 auction prices realized: straat 14A, 6211 18 Westminster, MD 21158, E Sweden and possession coins, Finland 1521-1997 Mllilstricht,Netheriands; e-mail mail: [email protected] 307+[44] PP, Swedish language, foreword in English+Cennan. [email protected] 410-876-7 140. Postpaid: USD 68 / GBP 40 / DKK 375 Ancient Greek, Roman, Me JULY 1, 69 AD: Rome's dieval Islamic coins. Nice legions take the oath to Danish-Norwegian coins, no junk! Stamp for list. Vespasian. He rules wisely Coin Price Yearbook 1997/98 Dan Farek, Box 12 12, for 10 years; builds the 12.000 auction prices realized: Bellaire, TX 77402-1212. Colosseum, defeats the Jews at Masada, and on his Denmark, colonies, Schleswig-Holstein, Norway 1448-1997 BULK LOTS Ancient Ro deathbed, stands up, because 379+[52] pp, Danish language, foreword in English+Ccrman. man coins, buy direct from "an Emperor should die on Postpaid: USD 75 / GBP 45 / DKK 425 the source of supply, just im his feet." Due to the purchase ported, not picked over, ofa hoard, PIECES OF TIME Nordic Banknote many types, sold "AS IS" is offering a denarius of this 100 for $68. Francis Rath, remarkable Emperor, grading Price Yearbook 1997 P.O. Box 266, Youngstown, aVF, nice portrai t, various 7.000 auction prices realized: NY 14174 interesting reverses, for $29 Denmark, Military notes, Jutiandia, Creditbanks, S.O.S. postage paid. Make check or Kasse, J.A.K., Municipal emergency notes, Private Notes, The Other Ancients: Mid MO payable to : Lavender Danish West Indies, Schleswig-Holstein, Faeroe Islands, east, Asia, Oricnt. Free cata Rose Productions, Inc; Box Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Emergency notes, log. Huge book stock too. Creditmarks, Private Notes, Svalbard, Bear Island, Scott Semans, Box 22849-P, 82082, Portland, OR 97282 Sweden, Private Banks, Finland, from 1657 to present day SeatLie, WA 98122; (206) 322- 7.000 hammer prices for banknotes sold through 178 ANCIENT COINS sold on Nordic public auctions held during 4180 the iOlcmet. Regular "Buy 1990+91+92+93+94+95+ 1996. or Bid" sales. Visit today: David Roberts Lithographs 239+[48] pp, Danish language, foreword in English+Gennan. Antiq ue engravings of PIECES OF TIME - http:// Postpaid: USD 68 / GBP 40 / DKK 375 Catherwood, Redoute, www.romancoin.com Auduhon, Gould, etc. PETRA Available from your coin dealer FINE ART, P. O. BOX 16321 or by payment to Danish Bikubcn Girobank-aCCOW1t 1199-D74-5065 Baltimore, MD 21210 (410) June 98 Trivia Answer: (:Auction Corporation-OK), Copmhagcn "Venus" or send a bankers che.:Jue (in DKK) made out to: Grclbcrs Forbgs. 235-1696 http://www.attach. ckspcdition, Dn"(gade 26 F SOt DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. netJinfocentral/petra 52 The Gelator «oin ~aUerie£) is pleased to a"'lOllII ce ils regular SUMMER MAIL BID SALE ANCIENT AND MODERN COINS OF THE AND THE UNITED STATES Closing Date: Wednesday, July 15, 1998 Over 500 Lots o/Greek, Roman and Bywnh'lI e Coins FEATURING: • A ncienl Greek Silver and Bronze Coins • Ancient Judaean and City Coins • A Speciali zed Coll ecti on of Roman Republican Denarii • Roman Imperial Sil ver and Bronze Coin s • Imeresling Roman Multiple Coin Lots • Coins of the Vandals Ancient coins Jor every il1lereSl and pocketbook Profusely lII ustrah'ii.. Catalogues A \'ailable Now! The Price of $ 10.00 Includes the Prices Realized Coin Gall eries has been conduct ing Mai l Bid Auctions fea tu ring Ancient coins for over 43 years. Our sales arc quarh:ri y. in the Spring, Summer. Fall and Winter. wi th the next one schedu led for November. 1998. Those wishing to consign material should con taCt us as soon as possible. Coins for inclusion in our Novembr------,er so le should be in our honds no Ill ter than August 14. 1998. / rJroin ~aUerie£) : ~-jrJroin ~aUerie£) "' : I 123 WeSl 57lh St- I The Ancient and Foreign Depanment of Stack's I New York, NY 10019 I 123 West 57 th Streel New York, NY 10019 I Enclmcd ptc~se finli SIO.OO for YOI.r My 15. 1998 Muil Bid Sale Ca1alogue ami I li~1 of Pnces Realized lafter ...... le). I Telephone: (2 12) 582-5955 FAX: (2 12) 245-50 18 (2 12) 582-2580 (2 12) 582- 1946 I ~- I Street Visi t us on the World Wide Web I I http://www.stacks.com I City Stale Zip I ~------~ a 7.... #,.i., Mtu 3, a65r icas rl Mrbaoi NNM24,P ] 1, sGC]3471@l4oo] Prncd * t2e5 er.h. ,d P ,, ro i3;sG. 1600(ar4oo) @,H Pfted * l4es ealh. oRDER All photos are rcdlced by 25% M[W$/MDIiE|IIRY mWiirlffi :r:r,52122Ic d5 2l; Mibank NlM24,p 135iid Deepi.(. r5a3 r s33 scc r3541@13001 (AEG qffi*ffiORDER TO) TERMS OF SALE Pb*..dd $6 & yo*ods r 13; s6c 13531@r350r Fie d b:. +Fp"d Classical Numismatic Group lnc. '". lncorporatlng Seaby Coins