CODY PARKS & PATHWAYS

ROGERS MARVEL ARCHITECTS, PLLC FINAL Printed 04-26-02 Cover image by Geoff Parker, courtesy of Simpson Gallagher Gallery CODY PARKS & PATHWAYS

ROGERS MARVEL ARCHITECTS, PLLC

Table of Contents p.i Executive Summary p.iii

I. PARK & PATHWAY CLASSIFICATIONS p. 5 Park plan p. 6 NRPA park standards p. 7 Trail plan p. 8 NRPA trail standards p. 9

II. PARK & PATHWAY ASSESSMENT p. 11 Park amenities p. 12 Park & Pathways assessment p. 13 Walking distance diagrams p. 14

III. RECOMMENDATIONS p. 17 New park & pathway types p. 18 Summary of park recommendations p. 19 Existing trail plan p. 20 Proposed trial plan p. 21 Trail markers p. 22 Trail markers p. 23 Trail markers p. 24 Summary of pathway recommendations p. 25

IV. PATHWAYS p. 27 Zoning p. 28 City owned lands &limits p. 29 Traffic arteries+school pedestrian zone p. 30 Traffic arteries key pedestrian crossings p. 31 Topography p. 32 Waterways p. 34 Sidewalks p. 34 Sidewalk details p. 35

V. PHASING p. 37 Comprehensive phasing plan p. 39 Phase 1 p. 40 Phase 2 p. 42 Phase 3 p. 44

VI. PARKS p. 47 Locations map p. 49 Overall inventory+ park descriptions p. 50

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1171 SHERIDAN AVENUE SECOND FLOOR CODY, WYOMING 82414 307-527-4030 i Fisherman along the Shoshone Riverway Trail

ii CODY PARKS & PATHWAYS

Overview Implementation

Rogers Marvel Architects is pleased to submit this master plan for an Based on NRPA standards, Cody currently fulfills the recommended area integrated Park and Pathway System. This master plan outlines six park guidelines for park land distribution. But as the city grows additional park types adapted from the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) space will need to be developed. To strengthen the park system as a whole 1996 Park, Recreation, Open Space & Greenway Guidelines. The study the parks & pathways should be considered as an integrated unit that then designates how Cody’s parks fit into these categories, makes serves the entire community. Development of trails, pathways and linear recommendations about open space distribution and suggests a strategy parks that promote connectivity of the system should be the focus of for future park and pathway development. The City of Cody currently has further expansion. no comprehensive document to determine how and where open space should be developed in the City. A phasing plan was developed to facilitate funding & construction of the trailway system and additional park space. Priority was given to pathways Process that connect local schools with the new recreation complex. Paths were also designed to join existing pathways with the downtown business Working with NRPA standards we assessed the general needs of the City district, City Hall and the new recreation complex. The open space for different types of park spaces. Parks and existing pathways were component of the Quad with its location in the geographic center of the drawn on a series of maps and coded to depict different open space City, adjacent to popular programmed recreational space is a natural classifications. We developed a series of site inventory maps that cross roads for the trails and a logical location for additional considered the character, history and individuality of parks and neighborhood playground and playlot space. neighborhoods as well as the constraints imposed by traffic arteries, topography, and waterways. A series of diagrams were then developed to Subsequent phases of the project include paths for longer walks, bike examine walking distances from schools to parks and parks to rides and hikes. These sections connect the in-town loops with perimeter neighborhoods. trail systems. The outermost loop would be designed for horseback riding, hiking and bike riding. This outer trail would join in with Bureau of Land The next step involved developing a pathway plan to connect key cultural, Management Land (North and East of the Cody City limits), Newton Lake, educational and civic amenities including schools, parks, recreation areas, and sites along the Shoshone River including the Buffalo Bill Dam, museums and churches with residential neighborhoods. The plan Shoshone River Siphon and Colter’s Hell. encourages safe and convenient pedestrian activity for the community. Also suggested is development of linear park types that strengthen Recommendations & Conclusions connectivity of the system and satisfying NRPA recommendations. Open space is currently deeded to the City by real estate developers as The assistance and support of the City, community organizations, local new subdivisions are constructed. While developers provide the land for businesses, conservation organizations, land owners and professionals has these new open spaces, the City is currently responsible for designing, been critical to creating a comprehensive parks pathway document. A constructing and maintaining the parks. The parks that are developed participatory process is essential to long term community acceptance of tend to serve the exclusive needs of individual subdivisions. Based on the the proposal. current population figures and NRPA standards the city does not need additional neighborhood parks and should focus future resources on trail and pathway development that strengthen the park system as a whole.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

iii INTENTIONALLY BLANK iv CODY PARKS & PATHWAYS

PARK & TRAIL CLASSIFICATION

The following outline of park classifications is based on recommendations from the NRPA. Utilizing national data for space allocation provided an effective means for understanding both existing parks in Cody and future open space development in relation to other municipalities.

The guidelines outline six types of parks: playlots, neighborhood playgrounds, neighborhood parks, community playfields, major community parks and urban green spaces. Existing parks were designated according to these classifications and drawn out on a map of the City. This exercise helped improve our understanding how the system works as a whole.

In addition the NRPA recommends development of four path types: park trails, connector trails, bikeways and all terrain bike & equestrian trails. These paths are designated on an overall site map.

5 Playlots Neighborhood Playground Neighborhood Park Community Play field Major Community Park Urban Green space

School Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity 0 2000 4000

EXISTING PARKS PLAN

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PLAYLOT COMMUNITY PLAY FIELD Small areas intended primarily for the use of pre-school and early elementary The parks are primarily athletic complexes that serve the recreational needs of the entire community. grade children. These are best situated adjacent to apartment houses, There is usually one per community, however, if the City is divided by physical barriers or if sufficient townhouses, and trailer parks. These playgrounds contain play equipment, acreage cannot be obtained then two are recommended. These complexes usually contain lighted court swings, slides, sandboxes, and benches. While these parks tend to best serve and field game areas, community centers, swimming facilities, lawn areas, play areas for small children the demographic population of toddler to age nine, they should also have and parking. They can exist as part of a major community park or independently. They have a high areas to accommodate adult gathering. The catchment area for these open potential for recreational programming such as musical and theatrical events in addition to organized spaces is confined to a sub-neighborhood level of 500-2,500 residents within sports. These parks can serve a population of 10-30,000 of all ages and should be within biking a ¼ mile circumference. Play lots require .1 to .3 acres per 1000 people and distance of most neighborhoods. Recommended size is one acre/1000 people with 15 to 25 acres for range in size from 1000 SF to 1 acre. cities of 1,000 to 25,000. Horseshoe Park East Sheridan Softball Complex East Sheridan Softball Complex (play area portion) Hugh Smith Park Park County Equestrian Park NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYGROUND Generally larger than tot-lots, neighborhood playgrounds are designed to MAJOR COMMUNITY PARK provide open space and amenities for both active and passive short-term A large natural and/or landscaped area that provides urban dwellers with an escape from City recreation. Usually located adjacent to public schools, they contain distinct congestion without travelling large distances. They are designed to accommodate large numbers of play areas for school age children. Shelter structures, open space, multi-use people in a wide variety of activities. They provide for both passive and intensive recreational uses. paved areas for court games, space for field sports, lighting and some parking Major community parks offer a combination of intensive and non-intensive development ranging from are components of these parks. The main demographic population served is play apparatus to bicycle trails. Typical facilities include aquatics & recreation centers, picnic areas, children from age five to fourteen, with informal recreation for all ages. One paths, game courts, gardens and natural areas, pavilions, ample parking, sanitary facilities and lighting. park of this type is needed for every 1,000- 5,000 people with a These parks may include multipurpose trails internally or as a part of a larger system. Parks like these recommendation that one be located adjacent to each elementary school. serve all ages from toddler to retiree and can serve 40 to 100,000 people. For cities with 1000-25,000 These parks service an area within a walking radius of a half mile. people these parks have a 1-4 mile catchment area and should have one to five acres per 1000 people. Neighborhood playgrounds require 2 acres/1000 people for cities of 10,000 Five acres per 1000 people are recommended for cities between 1,000 and 100,000 inhabitants or and range in size from 5-10 acres. alternatively 20-35 acres for cities of 1,000 to 25,000 people. City Park(Part) Highland Manor Park (Part) Beck Lake Park Dacken Park (Part) Meadowbrook Park City Park (Part) Don Little Park (Part) Mentock Park (Part) Mentock Park (Part) Glendale Park (Part) Nielson Park Paul Stock Park Hugh Smith Park (Part) Valley View Park URBAN GREEN SPACE OR OPEN SPACE NEIGHBORHOOD PARK Passive areas in landscaped or natural state in or near urban areas that often act as land banks. These Landscaped natural park of limited size, primarily for passive recreational open spaces can be planned for programmed recreational use or designated for future more intensive needs of all ages but with designated active areas. They provide some scenic recreational uses. In addition to recreational uses these spaces can act as buffers and facilitate and aesthetic value and should be located close to multi-family dwelling improved environmental quality and improved aesthetic experience. Natural lands, watershed and neighborhoods. These parks contain open lawn space, shrubbery, small picnic waterfront areas, forests, landscaped borders, parkways and boulevards, corner parks, medians, areas, drinking fountains, small scenic paths and walks, areas for court downtown aesthetic parks, plazas, and sanitary facilities are types of these spaces. They may provide games unless adjacent to recreation facility, lighting and parking. Additional bicycle, hiking, and nature trails as a limited feature or as part of a larger system. These parks serve the programming can be developed in these spaces. Neighborhood parks serve all entire city population but may also provide privacy for select areas from traffic corridors. It is suggested ages and generally occur in communities from 1000-10,000 inhabitants. They that these areas be an acre per 1000 people and the individual parks range in size from a few square serve entire neighborhoods although if the park is truly special and unique it feet to an extended boulevard or parkway development. may attract visitors from other neighborhoods as well. Recommended size is 19th Street Rock Garden Paul Stock Nature Trail (Part) 2 acres per 1000 persons for cities of 1,000 to 25,000 people. Circle Drive Park Shoshone Riverway Trail/Access Dacken Park (Part) Highland Manor Park (Part) Greybull Hill Vietnam Memorial Don Little Park (Part) Meadowbrook Park Main Street Trees Glendale Park (Part) River View Park

NRPA PARK CLASSIFICATIONS

7 All-Terrain Bike & Equestrain Trails Park Trails Connector Trails School Existing Park Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity 0 2000 4000

EXISTING TRAIL PLAN

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PARK TRAIL BIKEWAYS Park trails are multipurpose trails located within greenways, parks and natural Bikeways are generally paved paths that separate vehicular and bicycle traffic. There are two types, resource areas. They are the most desirable type of trail because they have a low bike lanes and bike routes. Bike lanes share the road with automobiles and are given preference on impact on the environment, protect users from automotive traffic, and screen urban part of the roadbed. These should be used where traffic volume is low because there is nothing to development. They also facilitate clear pedestrian circulation to and through the city’s prevent automotive traffic from travelling in the bike lane. Bike routes are separate from car traffic park system, neighborhoods, commercial and industrial areas. They also effectively along paved shoulders. They are preferable but require proper planning in evolving systems to ensure tie parks and recreation areas together to form a comprehensive park & trail system. space is allocated. Park trails are intended to accommodate a combination of walkers, bicyclists and in- line skaters. Park trails tend to be the preferred trail type because of their versatile There are different types of bike users; commuters who ride their bikes from point A to point B as attributes and should used to the greatest extent possible. Abandoned railroad beds, efficiently as possible, fitness enthusiasts, who cycle for health and recreation, and athletes who canals, utility rights-of-way and scenic/historic routes provide opportunities for park bicycle competitively. Given the fact that bikeways for commuter traffic are designed for higher speeds trails. user safety is a major concern. It is important to recognize that trails & pathways cannot be used as direct substitutes for bikeways which ideally should be planned as stand alone systems that connect Key development parameters: to off-street trails. 1. Preparation of comprehensive park & trail system that defines trail routes, especially within greenways. Key development parameters: 2. Land acquisition. 1. Preparation of comprehensive park & trail system that defines routing of bikeways. 3. Establishing development policies backed by zoning that require developers to 2. Establishment of design standards to show how the trails will be built. Trail design should conform incorporate greenways and park trail corridors in to their plans in accordance with to AASHTO standards. the masterplan. 3. Bikeways for commuters should be considered along collector, minor arterial roads and rarely along 4.Setting up design standards that define how the trails should be built. Trail design major arterial roads. should conform to AASHTO (American Association of State Highway Transportation Organization) standards and ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) design criteria. ALL-TERRAIN BIKE & EQUESTRIAN TRAILS All terrain bike and equestrian trails are similar to park trails in that they emphasize a strong DEVELOPED PATHWAYS relationship to the natural setting. They are most often located in natural resource areas, community Stock Nature Trail parks and greenways. Because regional, state and national parks often develop and maintain these Shoshone Riverway Trail types of trails, the need on the local level is usually limited. Beck Lake Park Trails Lions Club Braille Trail Trails should be developed using standards developed by regional and state agencies. Their recommendations address issues of environmental degradation of native habitats, conflicts between CONNECTOR TRAILS equestrian & bikers and trail difficulty. Connector trails emphasize safe travel for pedestrians and bicyclists to and from parks, schools, neighborhoods, and commercial & municipal districts. In general they Equestrian trails are usually 10 miles or more long and have a soft surface. One mile of equestrian are located within existing road right-of-ways and utility easements or along artificial trail is a suggested minimum for every 6,250 people. The actual trail that is developed should relate to drainage ways (canals). Connector trails accommodate walkers, bicyclists, inline the needs of the local community. skaters, and occasionally horseback riders. If they are to be used for bicycle commuting attention must be given to accommodate the appropriate magnitude of traffic.

Key development parameters: 1. Preparation of comprehensive park & trail system that defines trail routes. 2. Establishment of rights-of-way and easements early in the development. 3. Establishment of design standards that define how the connectors will be built. Path design should conform to state and local DOT standards as well as AASHTO guidelines.

Trails can be located either in a vehicle right-of-way such as a shoulder or as a separated off-road trail such as a link between a parkway and a school or recreation center.

NRPA TRAIL CLASSIFICATION

9 INTENTIONALLY BLANK 10 CODY PARKS & PATHWAYS

PARK & PATHWAY ASSESSMENT

The following is an analysis of existing park spaces in Cody. The diagrams and charts designate the quantity, quality and location of different types of parks within city limits. A more detailed description of each park and its specific amenities follows in Section VI.

Through this assessment we established the location of open spaces and schools relative to civic, cultural and commercial amenities. The drawings also diagram comfortable walking distances from parks and schools and highlight gaps where park space or trails should be developed.

The aim of the analysis is to establish how well the parks work for the Cody community in order to determine the location and form of new open space.

11 LEGEND AMENITY INVENTORY RECREATION FACILITY RECOMMENDATIONS

The chart to the top left is a list of the parks in Cody with their key amenities. Features listed are those that might attract certain user groups. A more comprehensive description of all of the elements included in each park is available in Section VI of this document.

The chart above makes suggestions for quantities of recreational amenities. This information, also from the NRPA standards, helped us determine the recommendations for elements such as basketball courts, soccer fields and picnic shelters.

PARK AMENITIES

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AREA ANALYSIS SUMMARY

The chart on the left lists all of the parks in Cody and then classifies them into categories established by the National Recreation & Parks Association. The summary above shows the recommended amount of open space for a municipality with a population of 8,835 people. By comparing the recommendations with the actual amount of open space the master plan can assess which types of open space should be developed in the future in Cody.

PARK & TRAIL ANALYSIS

13 To Newton Lake

To BLM Lands

To BLM Future Park Radius Lands Existing Park Radius

School Existing Park Deeded Open Space 15 MINUTE WALKING RADIUS FROM EXISTING AND NEW PARKS Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity The City of Cody has a strong existing park system that conforms to national recommendations for quantity 0 2000 4000 and quality of green space. As deeded open space is developed linear open space with pathways, way finding and educational signage, waste receptacles, seating and native plantings would help turn the parks system into a more cohesive facility. PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL ANALYSIS- PARKS

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To Newton Lake

To BLM Lands

School Walking Radius

Existing Pathways Potential Pathways

School To BLM Lands Existing Park Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity 15 MINUTE WALKING RADIUS FROM LOCAL SCHOOLS Civic Amenity

The red circles shaded in pink represent a 15 minute (one mile) walking radius from each of the five schools in Cody. 0 2000 4000 Connector trails should be developed to allow safe passage of school age children from their schools to the recreation center, local parks, ball fields, community amenities and neighborhoods. The most crucial needs are felt by middle school aged children who are beginning to become more independent from their parents than elementary school age PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL ANALYSIS- SCHOOLS kids but are not yet old enough to drive.

15 INTENTIONALLY BLANK 16 CODY PARKS & PATHWAYS

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on our assessment of existing parks and pathways, Rogers Marvel has developed a program of recommended improvements to the Cody Park and Pathway system. The existing park system fulfills NRPA standards in terms of acres of developed park property but would be stronger if the parks were connected by a comprehensive path system.

The NRPA also recommends that every municipality have one comprehensive pathway system. Cody currently has a number of smaller disconnected trails. Development of connector paths to link existing trails in conjunction with design of new pathway types and loops would make Cody leader in recreational development.

17 Proposed Waste Education Center PATHS +TRAILS

Section of Overall Trail System PATHWAY & URBAN GREEN SPACE

Horseshoe Park URBAN GREENSPACE Proposed Linear Park PATHWAY &NEIGHBORHOOD PARK

Proposed Airport Viewing Quad Area Path- PATHWAY & URBAN GREEN SPACE PLAYLOT& MAJOR COMMUNITY PARK

Proposed Geology Garden URBAN GREENSPACE

Playlots Neighborhood Playground Neighborhood Park Community Play field Major Community Park Urban Greenspace Proposed Linear Park PATHWAY &NEIGHBORHOOD PARK School Existing Park Deeded Open Space The map above and the adjacent descriptions represent future parks expansion. Even though these parks are not required Senior Citizen Amenity by current NRPA standards, they would be viable starting points for the expansion of the existing park system. 0 2000 4000 Civic Amenity

PLAN OF PARK RECOMMENDATIONS

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PLAYLOT PARK TRAIL Needs are met by Hugh Smith Park. although additional Playlot space is desirable adjacent These deeded open spaces areas are large enough to be neighborhood and community parks but Cody to the aquatic center in the Cody Quad. has met its need for these types of open spaces. Development of linear park trails (pathways) through or adjacent to new subdivisions is preferable to the creation of neighborhood park space. Simple seating and QUAD AREA plantings would make the spaces useful, attractive and easy to maintain. Creating a playlot next to the Recreation Center would enable parents to drop off older children for organized sporting activities while providing a place for toddlers to play. Special consideration WASTE EDUCATION CENTER should be given to the design of wind block plantings for any facility in this area. The Cody waste water treatment plant is a state of the art facility. In the future a path leading to the plant and educational signage could describe recycling, water conservation and the techniques by which the lagoons NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYGROUND process waste. The need for neighborhood playground space has been met. Design and construction of any additional neighborhood playground space is at the discretion of the City. AIRPORT VIEWING PATH Simple seating and limited site furnishing, planted with native shrubs. A place for young and old to congregate NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS and watch jets and planes take off and land. While the need for neighborhood parks has been met by the current system the City may want to consider development of a portion of its deeded open space in this category in the CHUGWATER RIMS future. The subdivision and its deeded open space is located in an area that is more remote from the center of the City QUAD OPEN SPACE COMPONENT than other subdivisions. Nonetheless it is situated in close to an existing neighborhood playground space. The open space is located adjacent to the Paul Stock Aquatic & Recreation Center and the Victor J. Riley Ice Arena and Community Events Center. While a future park could serve an educational COUNTRY ESTATES SUBDIVISION role, it could also provide important pedestrian connections to Beck Lake Park, the Shoshone This area should be developed as part of the overall pathway system as a linear park that serves both the River Trails, and the Paul Stock Nature Trail. neighborhood and the city as a whole.

URBAN GREENSPACE OR OPEN SPACE SHADOW MT. SUBDIVISION Urban green space accounts for 151 acres of open space in the City. Based on a population This area should be developed as part of the overall pathway system as a linear park that serves both the of 8,835 people the City greatly exceeds its recommended need for this type of space. neighborhood and the city as a whole. Nonetheless development of Spirit Mountain Park and the parks below would add to the quality of the urban greenspace environment.

HORSESHOE PARK This tiny (.15 acre) park located next to the Quad should be transformed into an urban greenspace. Having play equipment in an increasingly traveled road median creates a dangerous condition which should be eliminated. GEOLOGY GARDEN At Spirit Mountain Park a natural bowl created by a former sulfur spring should be maintained and celebrated. Signage could be added describing the underlying geologic condition and surface morphology. Peripheral seating and native wildflowers could further enhance the experience of the park.

COMMUNITY PLAY FIELD The City currently has much more play field space than is suggested by the national standards and thus does not need to develop more.

SUMMARY OF PARK RECOMMENDATIONS

19 All-Terrain Bike & Equestrain Trails Park Trails Connector Trails

School Existing Park Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity 0 2000 4000

EXISTING TRAIL PLAN

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PARK TRAILS The city currently has over four miles of developed trails. These include the Beck Lake Trails, the Lions Club Braille Trail, the Shoshone River Trails, and the Paul Stock Nature Trail. These paths are extremely popular with residents and provide easy access to natural areas within the city limits. In the future the City should connect these parks to an overall integrated parks system. The master plan suggests 9 miles of additional peripheral trails.

Way finding for an overall large loop system would utilize bear footprint signage and form a large ring around the City.

CONNECTOR TRAILS This type of trail would form the important links between the peripheral pathway system and the city center. Schools, parks, cultural and civic amenities would be joined by these trails. The proposal suggests that 20 miles of trails be developed as connector trails.

Selected trails would be marked with Bunny footprint signage. These markers would direct kids from schools to the recreation area and parks. Along an outer loop of trails ‘Elk trails’ would either add distance to a longer ‘Bear’ hike or provide short cuts along the larger circuit.

BIKEWAYS There are currently no designated paved bike paths in Cody. This is a type of recreational space that the City may want to consider developing in the future.

ALL-TERRAIN BIKE & EQUESTRIAN TRAILS Longer trails that connect to Bureau of Land Management lands surrounding the City. The proposal suggests development of 14 miles of this type of trail along the periphery of the City.

All-Terrain Bike & Equestrain Trails Park Trails Connector Trails

School Existing Park 0 2000 4000 Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity

PROPOSED TRAIL PLAN

21 PLAN - RABBIT TRACKS

BUNNY TRAIL

Portions of the connector trails will be designated as bunny trails. These segments will be marked with footprints in the paving and signage that directs users. The markers are made of bronze and set in to the pavement at 15 foot intervals.

The length of these paths is always less than two miles and typically less than a mile. They are designed to take a half hour to walk. The walks provide way finding devices from the schools the recreation center as well as to ball fields. The plan recommends 5.9 miles of bunny trails.

School Existing Park Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity

TRAIL MARKERS

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PLAN - ELK TRACKS

ELK TRAIL

Elk trail loops function both independently as trail loops over 2 miles long and as shortcuts along the bear trail. Signage at key points will indicate the distance needed to complete the bear loop in contrast to the shorter loop marked with elk hoof prints. In situations where the paths are not paved alternative raised signage will be provided. The plan designates 12 miles of trails as elk trails.

School Existing Park Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity

TRAIL MARKERS

23 PLAN - BEAR TRACKS

BEAR TRAIL

The Bear Trail forms a large circuit around the city, joining with the Beck Lake Trails, Shoshone River Trails and the Paul Stock Trails. It is intended to be the most challenging trail of the three types mostly because of its length.Parts of the trail will form important access trails for equestrian and mountain bikes to surrounding BLM lands. The trail is 16 miles long.

School Existing Park Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity

TRAIL MARKERS

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0 2000 4000

16 mi Bear Trail 12 mi Elk Trail 5.9 mi Bunny Trail 6 mi Future Trail extensions School Existing park Deeded Open Space Senior Citizen Amenity Civic Amenity

TRAIL TOTALS 34.9MI SUMMARY OF MARKED PATHWAYS

25