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Química Y Farmacia Unidad De Titulación Modalidad UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN MODALIDAD: INVESTIGACIÓN TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN PRESENTADO COMO REQUISITO PREVIO PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE QUÍMICAS Y FARMACÉUTICAS. TEMA: “EVALUACIÓN DEL EFECTO FARMACOLÓGICO DE MUCÍLAGOS OBTENIDOS DE ESPECIES DE Malvas sylvestris Y pseudolavatera EN ÚLCERAS GÁSTRICA INDUCIDAS POR ALCOHOL EN ANIMALES DE EXPERIMENTACIÓN”. AUTORES: MARÍA DAYANA GIRALDO SALAZAR KAREN JUDITH PÉREZ CABRERA TUTOR: Dra. ZORAIDA BURBANO GÓMEZ Msc. COTUTOR: Q.F GLENDA SARMIENTO TOMALÁ GUAYAQUIL - ECUADOR AÑO: 2020 i FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN REPOSITORIO NACIONAL EN CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA FICHA DE REGISTRO DE TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN TÍTULO Y SUBTÍTULO: “EVALUACIÓN DEL EFECTO FARMACOLÓGICO DE MUCÍLAGOS OBTENIDOS DE ESPECIES DE Malvas sylvestris Y pseudolavatera EN ÚLCERAS GÁSTRICA INDUCIDAS POR ALCOHOL EN ANIMALES DE EXPERIMENTACIÓN”. AUTOR(ES) (apellidos/nombres): GIRALDO SALAZAR MARÍA DAYANA - PÉREZ CABRERA KAREN JUDITH REVISOR(ES)/TUTOR(ES) Q. F. PATRICIA JIMÉNEZ GRANIZO Mg. (REVISORA) (apellidos/nombres): Dra. Zoraida Burbano Msc. (TUTORA) INSTITUCIÓN: UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL UNIDAD/FACULTAD: FACULTAD CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS MAESTRÍA/ESPECIALIDAD: NO APLICA GRADO OBTENIDO: QUÍMICO (A)(S) Y FARMACÉUTICO (A)(S) FECHA DE PUBLICACIÓN: 2020 No. DE PÁGINAS: 80 ÁREAS TEMÁTICAS: FARMACOLOGÍA PALABRAS CLAVES/ KEYWORDS: Porcentaje de inhibición, Malva, inductor ulcerogénico, protector gástrico, escala de Marhuenda RESUMEN/ABSTRACT: El uso de plantas a nivel mundial es alto, gracias a sus diversas propiedades que presentan, donde la ingesta de diferentes preparados naturales se ha vuelto frecuente entre las personas para el alivio de cualquier tipo de dolencias. Debido a esto se realiza la siguiente propuesta de investigación, al evaluar el efecto farmacológico de mucílagos obtenidos de especies de Malva sylvestre y pseudolavatera en úlceras gástrica inducidas por alcohol en animales de experimentación, para el estudio se conformaron 9 grupos con 6 animales cada uno, se les suministro el tratamiento por 6 días por vía oral; Grupo Control Normal (sin ningún tratamiento), Grupo Control Negativo(alcohol) ,Grupo Control Positivo (Sucralfato 40mg/kg) y seis grupos tratados con los extractos de las hojas de Malva pseudolovatera y sylvestre en dosis de 1000,500 y 250 mg/kg, se hizo la inducción con alcohol, luego de una hora se sacrificaron los animales extrayéndoles los estómagos para ser observados y evaluados macro y microscópicamente según la escala de Marhuenda,se demostró M.sylvestre de 500 y 250 mg/kg presenta mayor porcentaje de inhibición con un 96% y 94% y dosis de 1000 mg/kg tanto Malva pseudolovatera como M.sylvestre presentaron un porcentaje de inhibición satisfactorio del 90%, según los resultados histopatológicos existe una estructura normal en todos los grupos presentando inflamaciones leves en la mucosa gástrica a diferencia del Grupo Control Negativo que reflejo mayor daño a nivel gástrico, concluyendo así que los mucílagos de ambas especies estudiadas poseen una significativa capacidad protectora para el tratamiento úlceras gástricas. ADJUNTO PDF: SI (x) NO CONTACTO CON AUTOR/ES: Teléfono: E-mail: 0988311145 [email protected] 0967071742 [email protected] CONTACTO CON LA INSTITUCIÓN: Nombre:FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Teléfono:(04)2293880 E-mail: www.fcq.ug.edu.ec ii FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN iii FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN iv FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN v FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN vi FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN vii FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN viii FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN ix FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS CARRERA: QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN x DEDICATORIA Le dedico a mi amado padre , Augusto Giraldo que aunque ya no se encuentre entre nosotros, sé que se encuentra en un lugar mejor esperando que este orgulloso de que pude lograr todo lo que él me supo enseñar , pero tengo los bellos recuerdos que todo su apoyo tanto motivacional, emocional e incondicional y sobre todo por inculcarme siempre buenos valores enseñándome siempre que todo esfuerzo tiene su recompensa me sirvieron para seguir adelante a pesar de que fue un camino muy difícil para superar una gran pérdida, pero gracias a DIOS y a mi familia pude salir adelante y poder lograr ser la persona que tanto mi padre quiso que fuera. GIRALDO SALAZAR DAYANA xi AGRADECIMIENTO En primer lugar, agradezco a DIOS por guiarme dentro del transcurso de la carrera, por cuidarme, protegerme de todo mal y peligro dándome fuerzas en superar los obstáculos y dificultades que se me han presentado durante el camino. Le doy gracias a mi madre, Pilar Salazar por el gran apoyo brindado durante todo este tiempo que me han dado su apoyo incondicional, confianza en mi formación profesional en la vida y con su ejemplo enseñarme que con perseverancia y esfuerzo se triunfa. A mis hermanos y enamorado por su apoyo emocional y motivacional para lograr mis metas. Agradecer también a nuestra Tutora la Dra. Zoraida Burbano Gómez Msc y Cotutora a la Dra. Glenda Sarmiento Tomalá, por todo el tiempo brindado, por sus sugerencias e ideas durante todo el proceso de titulación. GIRALDO SALAZAR DAYANA xii DEDICATORIAS A mi querida madre: Cristina Cabrera por apoyarme en el transcurso de la vida, inculcándome el deseo de superación. A mi querida abuela: Eloísa Mite que me ayudo en mis estudios, enseñándome que todo se puede hacer con esfuerzo y esmero. A mi amado esposo: Daniel por su apoyo y comprensión en estos cinco años de carrera universitaria. A mis hermosos hijos: Michael y Leonardo por motivarme a seguir adelante y superarme en la vida PÉREZ CABRERA KAREN xiii Contenido INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................... 1 CAPITULO I PROBLEMA ................................................................................... 3 I.1. Planteamiento del problema ......................................................................... 3 I.1. Formulación del problema ............................................................................ 3 I.2. Justificación .................................................................................................. 3 I.3. Hipótesis ....................................................................................................... 5 I.4. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................. 5 I.4.1. Objetivo general: ...................................................................................... 5 I.4.2. Objetivos específicos ................................................................................. 5 I.5. Operacionalización de las Variables............................................................. 6 Independiente: ................................................................................................ 6 Dependiente: ................................................................................................... 6 CAPÍTULO II MARCO TEÓRICO ....................................................................... 7 II.1. Antecedentes .............................................................................................. 7 II.2. FUNDAMENTOS TEÓRICOS ..................................................................... 8 II.2.1. Malvas ................................................................................................... 8 II.2.1.1. Malva sylvestris .................................................................................. 9 II.2.1.2. Composición ...................................................................................... 9 II.2.1.2.1. Aminoácidos/ derivados proteicos ............................................... 9 II.2.1.2.2. Flavonoides................................................................................ 10 II.2.1.2.3. Mucílagos................................................................................... 11 II.2.1.2.4. Terpenos .................................................................................... 11 II.2.1.2.5. Derivados de fenol ..................................................................... 11 II.2.1.2.6. Enzimas ..................................................................................... 11 II.2.1.2.7. Cumarinas.................................................................................. 11 II.2.1.2.8. Vitaminas ................................................................................... 12 II.2.1.3. Malva pseudolavatera ...................................................................... 12 II.3. FUNDAMENTO DE LA PATOLOGÍA GÁSTRICA ..................................... 12 II.3.1. Estómago ............................................................................................ 12 II.3.1.1. Capas del estómago ........................................................................ 13 II.3.2 Fisiología del estómago ........................................................................... 13 II.3.3. Componentes del jugo gástrico .............................................................. 14 II.3.3.1. Pepsinógeno
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