LIST OF CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS (CMM) COMMONLY USED IN FOOD (as at November 2015)

PREAMBLE

The Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA) and the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) have jointly established the “List of Chinese medicinal materials commonly used in food” to serve as a guide to the industry on the list of traditional Chinese medicinal materials that are allowed in food.

Traditional Chinese medicinal materials include parts from , animals and minerals in their natural states, or in processed forms that have undergone simple processing such as cutting or drying. Traditionally, some of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are also used in our day-to-day cooking in amounts to impart flavour and for general wellbeing. Examples of food added with such materials are pre- packed soup concentrate and flavoured Asian drinks with . The List is applicable to the use of whole herbs or whole extracts in food and not applicable to the use of isolates or concentrates of the active components from the herbs in food.

The use of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in food is not intended for prevention, treating or alleviating disease conditions. If they are used for medicinal purposes, please refer to the guidelines for traditional medicinal materials available on the website of the Health Sciences Authority (HSA).

Page 1 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 1 Agkistrodon halys Agkistrodon halys Agkistrodon 蝮蛇 body of snake 31-Aug-04

2 Arillus longan / Longan 龙眼肉 / 桂 fruit 31-Aug-04 Euphoria longan 圆肉 3 Auricularia Auricularia auricula Jew's ear (black 木耳/黑木耳 fruiting body 31-Aug-04 ) 4 Bulbus Allii Allium macrostemon Longstamen onion 薤白 bulb 31-Aug-04 Macrostemonis / Allium chinense bulb 5 Bulbus Fritillariae Fritillaria cirrhosa / Tendrilleaf fritillary 川贝 bulb 31-Aug-04 Cirrhosae Fritillaria bulb unibracteata / Fritillaria przewalkii / Fritillaria delavayi / Fritillaria taipaiensis / Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis 6 Bulbus Lilii Lilium lancifolium / Greenish lily bulb / 百合 bulb 31-Aug-04 Lilium pumilum / lanceleaf lily bulb Lilium brownii var. viridulum 7 Caulis Et Folium Lactuca sativa / Garden lettuce stem 莴苣 stem, 31-Aug-04 Lactucae Sativae Lactuca scariola var. and leaf sativa 8 Colla Corii Asini Equus asinus Ass-hide gelatin / 阿胶 - 31-Aug-04 Donkey-hide glue 9 Concha Ostreae Ostrea rivularis / O. Oyster shell 牡蛎 shell 31-Aug-04 talienwhanensis / O.

Page 2 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food gigas

10 Cordyceps Cordyceps sinensis Aweto (Cordyceps) / 冬虫夏草 - 31-Aug-04 Chinese caterpillar fungus 11 Cormus Eleocharitis dulcis Water 马蹄 31-Aug-04 Dulcis 12 Cortex Cinnamomi cassia Cassiabarktree bark 肉桂 bark 31-Aug-04 () 13 Culmus Sacchari Saccharum sinensis Sweetcane culm 竹蔗 / 甘蔗 stalk 31-Aug-04 Sinensis 14 Endothelium Gallus gallus Chicken's gizzard 鸡内金 dried inner wall 31-Aug-04 Corneum Gigeriae domesticus endothelium of the gizzard Galli 15 Exocarpium Citri Citrus reticulata Tangerine exocarp / 橘红 exocarp 31-Aug-04 Rubrum Red tangerine peel (outermost layer of fruit wall) 16 Flos Carthami Carthamus tinctorius Safflower 红花 flower 31-Aug-04 17 Flos Caryophylli Eugenia 丁香/母丁香 flower bud 31-Aug-04 caryophyllata 18 Flos Chrysanthemi Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum 菊花 flower 31-Aug-04 morifolium flower 19 Flos Citri aurantii Citrus aurantium Bitter citrus immature 代代花 flower bud 31-Aug-04 flower 20 Flos Dolichoris Dolichos lablab Flower of white 白扁豆花 flower, 31-Aug-04 hyacinth bean 21 Flos Hylocerei Hylocereus undatus Common 霸王花/剑花 flower 31-Aug-04

Page 3 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food Undati nightbloomingcereus /七星剑花/ flower 量天尺花 22 Flos Lonicerae Lonicera japonica / Japanese 金银花 flower bud, 31-Aug-04 L. hypoglauca / L. honeysuckle flower confusa / L. dasytyla immature flower/ glaucousback honeysuckle immature flower/ wild honeysuckle immature flower / dasystyle honeysuckle immature flower 23 Flos Rosae Rosa rugosa Rugosa rose flower 玫瑰花 flower bud 31-Aug-04 Rugosae 24 Flos Sophorae Sophora japonica Japanese pagoda 槐米，槐花 flower bud, 31-Aug-04 tree flower and its bud flower 25 Folium Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum leaf 菊叶 leaf 31-Aug-04 Chrysanthemi morifolium 26 Folium Eriobotryae Eriobotrya japonica Loquat leaf 枇杷叶 leaf 31-Aug-04 27 Folium Mori Morus alba White mulberry leaf 桑叶 leaf 31-Aug-04

28 Folium Nelumbinis Hindu lotus leaf 荷叶 leaf 31-Aug-04 29 Folium Nerviliae Nervilia fordii Ford nervilia leaf 青天葵 leaf 31-Aug-04 Fordii

Page 4 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 30 Fructificatio Hericii Hericium erinaceus / Bearded tooth 猴头菇 / 猴 fruiting body 31-Aug-04 Erinacei / F.H. Hydnum coralloides carpophores 头菌 Coralloidis / Carpophorum Hericii Erinacei 31 Fructus Alipiniae Alpinia oxyphylla Sharpleaf calangal 益智仁 fruit 31-Aug-04 Oxyphyllae fruit 32 Fructus Amomi Amomum villosum Villous amomum fruit 砂仁 fruit 31-Aug-04 33 Fructus Anisi Star fruit 八角茴香/大 fruit 31-Aug-04 Stellati 茴香 34 Fructus Benincasae Benincasa hispada Chinese waxgourd 冬瓜/冬瓜皮/ fruit, skin, seed 31-Aug-04 fruit (Winter melon) 冬瓜子 35 Fructus Canarii Canarium album Chinese white olive 青果 fruit 31-Aug-04 36 Fructus Canarii Canarium pimela Black canarytree fruit 乌榄 fruit 31-Aug-04 Pimelae 37 Fructus Chaenomeles Common flowering 木瓜 fruit 31-Aug-04 Chaenomelis speciosa quince fruit 38 Fructus Citri Citrus medica / C. Medicinal citron fruit / 香橼 / 香圆 fruit 31-Aug-04 wilsonii wilson citron fruit 39 Fructus Citri Citrus medica L. var. Fleshfingered citron 佛手 fruit 31-Aug-04 Sarcodactylis sarcodactylis fruit / Buddha's hand 40 Fructus Corni Cornus officinalis Asiatic cornelian 萸肉 fruit 31-Aug-04 cherry fruit 41 Fructus Crataegi Crataegus Chinese hawthorn 山楂 fruit 31-Aug-04 pinnatifida fruit 42 Fructus Foeniculi Foeniculum vulgare fruit 小茴香 fruit 31-Aug-04

Page 5 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 43 Fructus Gardeniae Gardenia Cape jasmine fruit 栀子 fruit 31-Aug-04 jasminoides 44 Fructus Hippophae Hippophae Seabuckthorn fruit 沙棘 fruit 31-Aug-04 rhamnoides 45 Fructus Hordei Hordeum vulgare Malt (Germinated 麦芽 fruit (dried 31-Aug-04 Germinatus barley) germinated ripe fruit) 46 Fructus Jujubae Ziziphus jujuba Dates / Common 枣 fruit 31-Aug-04 fruit 47 Fructus Ligustri Ligustrum lucidum Glossy privet root 女贞子 *+ fruit 6-12g 31-Aug-04 Lucidi 48 Fructus Lycii Lycium barbarum Barbary wolfberry fruit 枸杞子 fruit 31-Aug-04 49 Fructus Momordica Grosvenor 罗汉果 fruit 31-Aug-04 Momordicae grosvenorii / Siraitia momordica fruit grosvenorii 50 Fructus Momordica charantia Balsampear fruit 苦瓜 fruit 31-Aug-04 Momordicae (bitter gourd) Charantiae 51 Fructus Mori Morus alba White mulberrry fruit 桑椹 fruit 31-Aug-04 52 Fructus Mume Prunus mume Japanese apricot fruit 乌梅 fruit 31-Aug-04 53 Fructus Perillae frutescens Common perilla fruit 白苏子 / 紫 fruit 31-Aug-04 苏子 54 Fructus Phyllanthi Phyllanthus emblica Emblic leafflower fruit 余甘子 fruit 31-Aug-04 55 Fructus Piperis Piper nigrum fruit 黑胡椒 fruit 31-Aug-04 56 Fructus Piperis Piper Longum 荜茇 fruit 31-Aug-04 Longi immature fruit

Page 6 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 57 Fructus Rubi Rubus chingii Palmleaf raspberry 覆盆子 fruit 31-Aug-04 fruit 58 Fructus Oryzae Oryza sativa Rice germinating fruit 谷芽(稻芽) fruit 31-Aug-04 Germinatus (sprout)

59 Fructus seu Semen Hovenia dulcis / Japanese raisin tree 枳椇子 fruit, seed 31-Aug-04 Hoveniae Dulcis Hovenia acerba, fruit or seed Hovenia trichocarpa 60 Fructus Tsaoko Amomum tsao-ko Tsao-ko amomum 草果 fruit 31-Aug-04 fruit 61 Ganoderma Ganoderma lucidum Lucid ganoderma 灵芝* fruiting body 31-Aug-04 Lucidum seu / Ganoderma (lingzhi) Japonicum sinensis 62 Herba Agastaches Agastache rugosa Wrinkled giant hyssop 藿香 aerial part of 31-Aug-04 63 Herba Artemisiae Artemisia capillaris / Capillary wormwood 茵陈蒿 aerial part of 31-Aug-04 Scopariae A. scoparia herb / virgate plant wormwood herb 64 Herba Cichorii / Cichorium intybus, Common chicory 菊苣 whole plant 31-Aug-04 Radix circhorii Cichorium herb, glandular glandulosum chicory herb, Chicory root 65 Herba Cirsii Cirsium setosum Setose thistle herb 小蓟 aerial part of 31-Aug-04 plant 66 Herba Elephantopi Elephantopus scaber Scabrous 苦地胆 whole plant 31-Aug-04 / E. tomentous elephantfoot herb / tomentose elephantfoot herb

Page 7 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 67 Herba Evolvuli Evolvulus alsinoides Common evolvulus 鹿含草 / 毛 whole plant 31-Aug-04 Alsinoidi herb 将军 / 土丁 桂 68 Herba Gynostemma Fiveleaf gynostemma 绞股蓝 *+ whole plant a) 15 - 30g 31-Aug-04 Gynostemmae pentaphyllum herb (when used Pentaphylli as decoction)

b) 3-6g (when ground into powder) 69 Herba Hedyotis diffusa / Spreading hedyotis 蛇舌草 whole plant 31-Aug-04 Diffusae diffusa herb 70 Herba Houttuyniae Heartleaf houttuynia 鱼腥草 whole plant 31-Aug-04 herb 71 Herba Lophatheri Lophatherum gracile Common 淡竹叶 leaf 31-Aug-04 lophatherum herb 72 Herba Lysimachiae Lysimmachia Christina loosestrife 金钱草 whole plant 31-Aug-04 christinae herb 73 Herba Menthae / piperita / Wild mint herb / 辣薄荷 / 薄 leaf 31-Aug-04 Herba Menthae Mentha haplocalyx 荷 haplocalycis 74 Herba Moslae Mosla chinensis Chinese Mosla 香薷 aerial part of 31-Aug-04 plant 75 Herba Portulacae Portulaca oleracea Purslane herb 马齿苋 aerial part of 31-Aug-04 plant

Page 8 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 76 Herba Scutellariae Barbed skullcap herb 半枝莲 whole plant 31-Aug-04 Barbatae 77 Herba Taraxaci Taraxacum Dandelion herb 蒲公英 whole plant 31-Aug-04 mongolicum / Taraxacum sinicum 78 Margarita Pteria martensii / Pearl 珍珠 - 31-Aug-04 Hyriopsis cumingii / Cristaria plicata 79 Mel Apis cerana / Apis 蜂蜜 - 31-Aug-04 mellifera 80 Fructificatio Dictyophora Stinkhorn mushroom 竹笙 / 竹荪 fruiting body 31-Aug-04 Dictyophorae indusiata / indusiatae / Dictyophora Fructificatio duplicata Dictyophorae duplicatae 81 Nidus Collocaliae Collocalia esculenta Edible white-bellied 燕窝 nest 31-Aug-04 swiftlet nest 82 Nux Prinsepiae Prinsepia uniflora Hedge prinsepia 奈仁肉 / 蕤 seed 31-Aug-04 仁肉 83 Pericarpium Citri Citrus reticulata Tangerine peel 陈皮 pericarp 31-Aug-04 Reticulatae 84 Pericarpium Zanthoxylum Bunge pricklyash 花椒 / 椒目 pericarp 31-Aug-04 Zanthoxyli bungeanum / Z. pericarp / peppertree schinifolium pricklyash pericarp 85 Folium Perillae Common perilla leaf 紫苏叶 leaf 31-Aug-04 86 Poria Poria cocos Indian bread 茯苓 - 31-Aug-04

Page 9 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 87 Radix Acanthopanax Siberian ginseng / 刺五加 *+ root, stem, 9-27g 31-Aug-04 Acanthopanacis senticosus manyprickle rhizome Senticosi acanthopanax root 88 Radix Angelicae Angelica dahurica Dahurian angelica 白芷 root 31-Aug-04 Dahuricae root / Taiwan angelica root 89 Radix Angelicae Angelica sinensis Chinese angelica root 当归 root 31-Aug-04 Sinensis (Dang Gui) 90 Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermum Sinkiang-Tibet 北紫草 root 31-Aug-04 Lithospermi erythrorhizon arnebia root / redroot gromwell root 91 Radix Asparagi Asparagus Cochinchinese 天冬 root 31-Aug-04 cochinchinensis asparagus root 92 Radix Astragali Astragalus Membranous 黄芪 root 31-Aug-04 membranaceus milkvetch root 93 Radix Codonopsis Codonopsis pilosula Tangshen root 党参 root 31-Aug-04 / Codonopsis tangshen 94 Radix Curcumae wenyujin / Aromatic root 郁金 root 31-Aug-04 Curcuma longa / Curcuma domestica / Curcuma aromatica / Curcuma kwangsiensis / Curcuma aeruginosa / Curcuma chuanyujin

Page 10 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food / Curcuma phaeocaulis 95 Radix Curcumae Curcuma longa / Common turmeric 姜黄 rhizome April 2015 Longae Curcuma domestica root 96 Rhizoma Curcumae Curcuma wenyujin / Zedoary 莪术 rhizome April 2015 Curcuma kwangsiensis / Curcuma aeruginosa / Curcuma phaeocaulis / 96 Radix et rhizoma Panax ginseng Ginseng root 高丽参 / 人 root and 31-Aug-04 Ginseng 参 rhizome 97 Radix et rhizoma uralensis Ural licorice root 甘草 root and 31-Aug-04 Glycyrrhizae / Glycyrrhiza glabra / () rhizome Glycyrrhiza inflata 98 Radix Morindae Morinda officinalis Medicinal 巴戟天 root 31-Aug-04 Officinalis indianmulberry root 99 Radix Notoginseng Panax notoginseng / Sanchi root 三七 / 田七* root 31-Aug-04 Panax pseudoginseng 100 Radix Panacis Panax quinquefolium American ginseng 泡参 / 西洋 root 31-Aug-04 Quinquefolii root 参 101 Radix Platycodi Platycodon Ballonflower root 桔梗 root 31-Aug-04 grandiflorum

Page 11 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 102 Radix Polygoni Polygonum Tuber fleeceflower 何首乌 root 6-12g 31-Aug-04 Multiflori Preparata multiflorum root (shou wu) （制）*+ 103 Radix Puerariae Pueraria lobata / P. Lobed kudzuvine root 粉葛/葛根 root 31-Aug-04 Edulis / P. omeiensis / edible kudzuvine / P.thomsonii / P. root / Omei mountain phaseoloides kudzuvine root / thomson kudzuvine root / trilobedleaf kudzuvine root 104 Radix Rehmanniae Rehmannia glutinosa Adhesive rehmannia 地黄 root 31-Aug-04 / Radix root Rehmanniae Preparata 105 Oviductus Ranae Rana temporaria Dried Chinese 雪蛤 / 哈士 oviduct 31-Aug-04 chensinesis / Rana woodfrog 蟆 (fallopian tube) amurensis 106 Receptaculum Fici Ficus carica Fig receptacle / 无花果 fruit 31-Aug-04 Common fig 107 Rhizoma Alpiniae Lesser 高良姜 rhizome 31-Aug-04 Officinarum rhizome 108 Rhizoma Ligusticum Chuanxiong rhizome 川芎 rhizome 31-Aug-04 Chuanxiong chuanxiong 109 Rhizoma Dioscorea opposita Common yam 山药 rhizome 31-Aug-04 Dioscoreae rhizome 110 Rhizoma Gastrodia elata Tall gastrodia tuber 天麻 rhizome 31-Aug-04 Gastrodiae 111 Rhizoma Imperatae Imperata cylindrica Lalang grass rhizome 白茅根 rhizome 31-Aug-04

Page 12 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 112 Rhizoma Nelumbo nucifera Hindu lotus large 莲藕/藕节 rhizome 31-Aug-04 Nelumbinis rhizome 113 Rhizoma Phragmitis Phragmites Common reed 芦根 rhizome 31-Aug-04 communis rhizome 114 Rhizoma Polygonati Polygonatum Siberian solomonseal 黄精 rhizome 31-Aug-04 sibricum, rhizoma, manyflower Polygonatum solomonseal rhizoma, cyrtonema, king solomonseal Polygonatum rhizoma kingianum 115 Rhizoma Polygonati Polygonatum Fragrant solomonseal 玉竹 rhizome 31-Aug-04 Odorati odoratum rhizome 116 Rhizoma Smilacis Smilax glabra Glabrous greenbrier 土茯苓 rhizome 31-Aug-04 Glabrae rhizome 117 Rhizoma Zingiberis Zingiber officinale 姜 ( 生姜 / 干 rhizome 31-Aug-04 Recens / Rhizoma 姜) Zingiberis 118 Semen Armeniacae Prunus Armeniaca / Bitter Apricot seed 苦杏仁 seed 31-Aug-04 Amarum / Semen Prunus sibirica / (almond) Pruni Armeniacae Prunus mandshurica 119 Semen Canavaliae Canavalis gladiata Sword jackbean seed 刀豆 seed 31-Aug-04 120 Semen Cassiae Cassia tora / Cassia Sickle senna seed / 决明子 seed 31-Aug-04 obtusifolia Cassia seed 121 Semen Coicis Coix lacryma-jobi Jobstears seed 薏苡仁 / 米 seed (kernel) 31-Aug-04 仁 122 Semen Euryales Euryale ferox Gordon euryale seed 芡实 seed 31-Aug-04 122 Semen Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo seed 白果 seed 31-Aug-04

Page 13 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food 124 Semen Juglandis Juglans regia English walnut seed 核桃仁 seed 31-Aug-04

125 Semen Lablab Dolichos lablab White hyacinth bean 白扁豆 seed 31-Aug-04 Album 126 Semen Myristicae Myristica fragrans Common 肉豆蔻 seed (kernel) 31-Aug-04 127 Semen Nelumbinis Nelumbo nucifera lotus seed 莲子 seed 31-Aug-04 128 Semen Oroxyli Oroxylum indicum Indian trumpetflower 千层纸 / 木 seed 31-Aug-04 seed 蝴蝶 129 Semen Persicae Prunus persica / Peach seed / david 桃仁 seed 31-Aug-04 Prunus davidiana peach seed 130 Semen Phaseoli Phaseolus Rice bean seed / 赤小豆 seed 31-Aug-04 calcaratus / P. adsuki bean seed angularis 131 Semen Pini Pinus koraiensis Korean pine seed 松子仁 / 海 seed 31-Aug-04 Koraiensis 松子 132 Semen Pruni Prunus japonica / Dwarf flowering 郁李仁 seed 31-Aug-04 Prunus humilis / cherry seed /Chinese Prunus pedunculata dwarf cherry seed

133 Semen Raphani Raphanus sativus radish seed 莱菔子 seed 31-Aug-04 134 Semen Sesami Sesamum indicum Oriental seed 黑芝麻 seed 31-Aug-04 Nigrum / Black sesame 135 Semen Sinapis alba / White seed 芥子/ 黄芥 seed 31-Aug-04 juncea 子 136 Semen Sojae max Fermented soybean 淡豆豉 seed 31-Aug-04 Preparatum 137 Semen Sterculiae Sterculia Boat-fruited sterculia 胖大海 seed 31-Aug-04

Page 14 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food Lychnophorae lychnophora seed

138 Semen Torreyae Torreya grandis Grand torreya seed 榧子 seed 31-Aug-04 139 Semen Ziziphi Ziziphus jujuba Common jujube seed 酸枣仁 seed 31-Aug-04 Spinosae / Spine date seed 140 Spica Prunellae Prunella vulgaris Common selfheal 夏枯草 fruit-spike 31-Aug-04 spike 141 Surculus Phyllostachys Moso 茅竹笋 / 毛 shoots 31-Aug-04 Phyllostachydis pubescens 笋 Pubescentis 142 Thallus Echloniae / Laminaria japonica / Kelp thallus / tangle 昆布/海带 - 31-Aug-04 T. Laminariae Et Ecklonia kurome / thallus Eckloniae Undaria pinnatifida 143 Tremella 银耳 / 白木 fruiting body 31-Aug-04 耳 144 Xylocopa Dissimilis Xylocopa dissimilis Carpenter bee 竹蜂 body of bee 31-Aug-04 145 Zaocys Zaocys dhumnades Garter snake 乌梢蛇 body of snake 31-Aug-04

146 Radix Adenophorae Adenophora Fourleaf ladybell root 南沙参 root 31-Aug-04 tetraphylla / A. stricta / upright ladybell root

147 Radix Glehniae Glehnia littoralis Coastal glehnia root 北沙参 root 31-Aug-04

148 甘荀 - 31-Aug-04

* Products containing this ingredient as sole ingredient are classified as

Page 15 of 16 S/N Latin Name Scientific Name English Name Chinese Part(s) of Therapeutic Date of Name CMM dosage per Ascension commonly day + used in food Chinese proprietary medicine

+ Amount used should be 100-fold below the therapeutic dosage when used in food.

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