WP-T2 ASSESSMENT REGIONAL REPORT Deliverable 3.7.2 EURAC RESEARCH

Pays Assess-- Vaïre - (Pays A3V) Alpes Sud Isère Pays Maurienne

August 2017 • Eurac Research

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Institution

Eurac Research Institute for Regional Development Viale Druso, 1 / Drususallee 1 39100 Bolzano / Bozen – Italy t +39 0471 055 300 f +39 0471 055 429 e [email protected] w www.eurac.edu

Authors Co-Author Chapter 6 Clare Giuliani ADRETS - Association pour le Développement Junior Researcher and Project Assistant en Réseau des Territoires et des Services Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano 7 rue Bayard, F-05000 Gap t +39 0471 055 435 t +33 (0)4 92 51 07 19 f +39 0471 055 429 f +33 (0)4 92 51 32 16 [email protected] [email protected]

Christian Hoffmann Senior Researcher and Project Leader Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano t +39 0471 055 328 f +39 0471 055 429 [email protected]

Peter Laner GIS Expert Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano t +39 0471 055 438 f +39 0471 055 429 [email protected]

European Regional Development Fund 2

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Contents

1 Introduction ...... 4 2 Methodology ...... 5 3 Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère and Pays Maurienne - ...... 6 3.1 Socioeconomic framework of the region Pays A3V (Deliverable 3.1.1) ...... 11 3.2 Socioeconomic framework of the region Alpes Sud Isère (Deliverable 3.1.1) .. 14 3.3 Socioeconomic framework of the region Pays de Maurienne (Deliverable 3.1.1) 16 4 Demographic forecast (Deliverable 3.3.1) ...... 18 4.1 Pays A3V ...... 18 4.2 Alpes Sud Isère ...... 22 4.3 Pays de Maurienne ...... 26 5 GIS maps visualising SGI (Deliverable 3.6.1) ...... 30 5.1 Pays A3V ...... 30 5.1.1 Supermarket ...... 33 5.1.2 Chemist’s shop ...... 35 5.1.3 Kindergarten ...... 37 5.1.4 Primary School ...... 39 5.1.5 Doctor ...... 41 5.2 Alpes Sud Isère ...... 43 5.2.1 Supermarket ...... 47 5.2.2 Chemist’s shop ...... 49 5.2.3 Kindergarten ...... 51 5.2.4 Primary School ...... 53 5.2.5 Doctor ...... 55 5.3 Pays de Maurienne ...... 57 5.3.1 Supermarket ...... 61 5.3.2 Chemist’s shop ...... 63 5.3.3 Kindergarten ...... 65 5.3.4 Primary School ...... 67 5.3.5 Doctor ...... 69 6 Qualitative Information ...... 71 7 Reference ...... 79

European Regional Development Fund 3

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

1 Introduction

Vital and more ingenious goods and services are part of our everyday needs, consequently safeguarding public services is understood as a prerequisite for a high quality of life and attractiveness especially in rural regions. However, this right of service availability, which forms a precondition to lead a self-determined life, is increasingly in the discourse at European, national and regional level. Services of general interest (SGI) can be categorised into economic services (Services of General Economic Interest / SGEI) and non-economic services of general interest (Non-Economic Services / NSGIs) as well as social services of general interest (SSGI).1 The main challenges in the Alpine area affecting the supply of SGI are the aging society through demographic changes, the moderate inhabitant density, as well as depopulation associated with shrinking and de-growth processes. These developments impact, that basic services are endangered of no longer being supplied. The difference in the service supply depends on the available financial resources between municipalities, which affect the quality of service provision. To find new ways and possibilities of ensuring service delivery, the Interreg Alpine Space Project INTESI was initiated in 2016, which deals with integrated territorial strategies for services of general interest in the alpine space.

The INTESI project focuses on 10 test areas (TA) located in five alpine countries (Austria, Italy, Switzerland, France and Slovenia). The TAs were selected explicitly to be able to provide a realistic and explorative first overview situation of differences and similarities regarding the provision and regulation of SGI across the Alpine area. The objective of the project is to overcome the sectoral approach of SGI delivery and assure the delivery of SGI in the long term by promoting integrated territorial strategies (analysed in WP-T1 by the Slovenian partners) in the alpine space. For this purpose Eurac researchers of the Institute of Regional Development, responsible for WP-T2, designed regional profiles to compare the current SGI delivery of the TAs according to their availability (GIS maps), accessibility (spatial-statistics) and service quality (workshops and interviews). These, together with elaborated scenarios for the population forecast, serve to identify future challenges and provide a demand-orientated service delivery. The following TA report will first shortly describe the method used for the accessibility, demographic and qualitative analysis done. Secondly, the report provides the deliverables of the WP-T2 including the excel charts on the accessibility and distance and the GIS maps on SGIs accessible by car as well as by public transport. Furthermore, it includes the regional services available in the TA. Thirdly, it includes the demographic

1 Gløersen, E. et al., Research for REGI Committee- Services of General Interest in the Funding Period 2014-2020 (Study). European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, 2016.

European Regional Development Fund 4

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne forecast followed by the qualitative information on the TA, which depicts the personal view of the interviewed person and not a representative opinion of the local population. The synthesised report includes the comparison between the TAs as well as the main findings on the availability, accessibility and quality (strengths and weaknesses) regarding the provision of SGI.

2 Methodology

The assessment report (D.3.7.2) for each test area includes a short description of the methodology and the test area including a socio-economic description followed by the results of the SGI accessibility and quality analysis – GIS maps of SGI accessibility, demographic forecast, qualitative information.

For analysing the major challenges, we used a combined methodology:  First, we mapped the accessibility of five major services (supermarket, chemist, doctor, kindergarten and primary school) in GIS maps (D. 3.6.1) based on submitted addresses of the services within the selected municipalities and settlements of each TA. Therefore, a special excel template was developed (D.3.1.1), which also included selected socio-economic data.  Secondly, we collected demographic figures (total inhabitants, inhabitants 0-14 and 15-64 and people over 65 and the fertility rate) for the period from 1995 until the latest figures available (2013/2014/2015) for each TA to provide a demographic forecast (D.3.3.1). In the assessment reports (D.3.7.2) we decided to depict the charts of the cohorts (total average population, 0-14 and >65) from the years 2000- 2030 for a comprehensive reason. This forecast should allow to detect, which services will be required in future. The variable of fertility rate however could not always be predicted and interpreted correctly due to missing values and the uncertainty of the variable.  Thirdly, partners (in some cases together with Eurac project partners) conducted qualitative workshops or interviews (face to face or via telephone) with a selected group of stakeholders e.g. majors, service providers, local representatives to find out major challenges, strengths and future investments for every service sector (basic goods, education, health & social services, transport, telecommunication and administration). This information depicts the subjective opinion of the interviewed people and cannot be seen as a representative sample. It simply allows to see a trend, similarities or differences between the test areas.

European Regional Development Fund 5

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

3 Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère and Pays Maurienne - France

Test Area in France

European Regional Development Fund 6

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Test Area Pays A3V

European Regional Development Fund 7

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Test Area Pays de Maurienne

European Regional Development Fund 8

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Test Area Alpes Sud Isère

The three TAs in France are Pays A3V, Maurienne and Alpes Sud Isère. They are located in the perimeter of the Interrigional Schema of Planning and Development of the Alps Massif (SIMA), managed by the Interregional Convention for the Alpine Massif (CIMA). In the three TA of France, there are a total of 193 municipalities of which 15 municipalities: Aiguebelle, Aiton, Bonvillaret, Saint-Alban-d’Hurtières, Saint-Léger, Allemond, Besse, Le Bourg-D’, Livet-et-Gavet, Mont-de-Lans, , Allons, , Saint- Andréles-Alpes, were selected to design the SGI profiles, however also including the SGI if available in the next closest municipality. In particular, the TA includes the territories of Vllée d’Azur Mercantour, Haut Jura, Alpes Sud Isère.

Municipality Settlements Castellane Entrevaux Saint André Ies Alpes Soleilhas Aiguebelle Aiton

European Regional Development Fund 9

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Bonvillaret Saint-Alban-d’Hurtières Saint-Léger Allemond Besse Le Bourg-d’Oisans Livet-et-Gavet Mont-de-Lans Municipalities and settlements

European Regional Development Fund 10

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

3.1 Socioeconomic framework of the region Pays A3V (Deliverable 3.1.1)

Highest attained education Pays A3V 2015 100% 15,5 16,9 90% 19,4 21,6 20,2

80%

70% 41,8 60% 42,8 40,7 51,7 50% 58,5

40% 20,1 30% 26,1 25,6 20% 18,8 10,6 10% 22,7 14,2 14,3 7,9 10,7 0% Entrevaux Castellane Saint-André-les Allos Soleilhas Alpes

Tertiary Education (university degree) Secondary Education (a-level) Compulsory education Currently in education or without educational degree*

Highest attained education Pays A3V 2015

*Note: Eurac Research harmonized this figure, due to the different availability of this data in each TA.

In the analyzed municipalities in the region Pays A3V most people obtained a secondary education. This is followed by compulsory education (Castellane maximum) and tertiary education (Allors maximum).

European Regional Development Fund 11

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Budget municipalities Pays A3V 2015

14.000 13.369

12.000

10.000

8.000

€/inhabitant 6.000

4.000 3.325 2.786 2.892

2.000 1.623

0 Entrevaux Castellane Saint-André-les Allos Soleilhas Alpes

Budget municipalities Pays A3V 2015

The budget per inhabitant is significantly high in Allos. All other budgets are on a similar level, between 1.500€ and 3.500€ per inhabitant.

No data available on the number of commuters in and out of the region, as well as on the employment rate and sectors of the municipalities.

European Regional Development Fund 12

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Arrivals at accommodation facilities Pays A3V 2010 14.000

11.977 12.000 11.092

10.000

8.000 6.520

6.000

4.000

2.000 824 791

0 Entrevaux Castellane Saint-André-les Allos Soleilhas Alpes

Arrivals at accommodation facilities Pays A3V 2010

In the region Pays A3V the two municipalities of Castellane and Allos have the most tourist arrivals. In Entrevaux and Soleilhas tourism hardly plays any role.

European Regional Development Fund 13

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

3.2 Socioeconomic framework of the region Alpes Sud Isère (Deliverable 3.1.1)

Highest attained education Alpes sud Isère 2015 100% 14,3 10,3 90% 21,1 26,2 26,6 80%

70% 44,3 43,7 60% 46,8 50% 51,1 49,0

40% 12,5

30% 32,0 19,9 20% 11,5 12,2 32,8 10% 10,6 10,1 12,3 12,9 0% Allemond Besse Le Bourg-d'Oisans Livet-et-Gavet Mont-de-Lans

Tertiary Education (university degree) Secondary Education (a-level) Compulsory education Currently in education or without educational degree*

Highest attained education Alpes Sud Isère 2015

*Note: Eurac Research harmonized this figure, due to the different availability of this data in each TA.

In the analyzed municipalities in the region Alpes Sud Isère most people received a secondary education. This is followed by people, which are currently in education (Livet- et-Gavet maximum) and tertiary education (Mont-de-lans and Allemond maximum).

European Regional Development Fund 14

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Budget municipalities Alpes Sud Isère 2015 10.000

9.000 8.739

7.857 8.000

7.000

6.000

5.000 4.600

€/inhabitant 4.000 3.302 3.000 2.423

2.000

1.000

0 Allemond Besse Bourg d' Oisans Livet-et-Gavet Mont de Lans

Budget municipalities Alpes Sud Isère 2015

The budget per inhabitant is the highest in Allemond and the lowest in Bourg d’Oisans.

No data available on the number of commuters in and out of the region, as well as on the employment rate and sectors of the municipalities.

Tourism (measured in arrivals at accommodation facilities, year 2010) in the region of Alpes Sud Isère mainly exists in Mont-de-Lans (46.733 arrivals) and a little in the Le Bourg-d’Oisans (7.292 arrivals). The other municipalities have little tourist arrivals at accommodation facilities, in the case of Livet-et-Gavet, there are none.

European Regional Development Fund 15

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

3.3 Socioeconomic framework of the region Pays de Maurienne (Deliverable 3.1.1)

Highest attained education Pays de Maurienne 2015 100% 11,8 15,8 16,5 90% 23,0 33,7 80%

70% 45,5 60% 43,2 52,5 40,4 50% 46,3 40%

30% 26,4 19,2 23,4 20% 23,0 13,5 10% 21,1 16,3 13,2 8,6 6,4 0%

Tertiary Education (university degree)

Secondary Education (a-level)

Compulsory education

Highest attained education Pays de Maurienne 2015

*Note: Eurac Research harmonized this figure, due to the different availability of this data in each TA.

In the analyzed municipalities of the region Pays de Maurienne most people obtain a secondary education. The percentages of people with a university degree is highest in Bonvillaret and the highest percentage of people currently in education or without educational degree is in Saint-Léger.

European Regional Development Fund 16

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Budget Municipalities Pays de Maurienne 2015 6.000

4.952 5.000

3.999 4.095 4.000

3.000

€/inhabitant 2.097 2.000

990 1.000

0

Budget municipalities Pays de Maurienne 2015

The budget per inhabitant is the highest in Bonvillaret and the lowest in Aiton. The budgets range from below 1.000€ to nearly 5.000€ per inhabitant.

No data available on the number of commuters in and out of the region, as well as on the employment rate and sectors of the municipalities.

European Regional Development Fund 17

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

4 Demographic forecast (Deliverable 3.3.1)

EURAC calculated the forecast based on the average number of the inhabitants. It is not possible to reduce the forecast to a single municipality, as they were divided in three different clusters: (1) rural centres, (2) rural and (3) sparsely populated areas. In each cluster the age-cohorts (0-14; 15-64; >65) were simulated separately. By means of autoregressive ARIMA models the most probable demographic change was estimated, to understand thereof future needs for SGI in these municipalities until 2030. For each TA the historic demographic data series for the three age cohorts and in combination with the future outlook from 2000 until 2030 for different scenarios with 95% confidence interval was analysed in long-time data-series line-charts.

The forecast is based on values from the years 1999 and 2006 to 2013. Please consider that this is a very short period for the calculation of the forecast to 2030.

4.1 Pays A3V

Population of the municipalities 2.000

1549 1.500

1.000 907 932 Population 645

500

123

0 rural areas rural areas rural areas rural areas sparsely populated Entrevaux Castellane Saint-André-les- Allos Soleilhas Alpes

Population of the municipalities in the Test Area Pays A3V in 2013 (latest figures available)

The classification of the test area Pays A3V divides the municipalities in two groups. Four of five municipalities are part of so-called “rural areas”; only one municipal represents a sparsely populated rural area. Therefore, we attach greater importance to the calculation

European Regional Development Fund 18

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne of the forecast in rural areas. The forecast bases on values from the years 1999 and 2006 to 2013. Please consider that this is a very short period for the calculation of the forecast to 2030.

1.500 High

1.300 Medium Low 1025 1.100 1008 997 986 975

900 -1.1% -1.1% -1.1% 700 Average Average population 500 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays A3V peripheral rural areas - population forecast of total inhabitants

High

400 Medium Low 7.6% 7.1% 6.6%

151 161 200 131 141 111 Average Average population 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays A3V peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of total inhabitants

Considering the forecast of the total population in the whole test area, the data is showing a stable trend. The small absolute numbers of the sparsely populated area, which represents only one municipality, is relativizing the increasing population trend.

European Regional Development Fund 19

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

High 14 - 400 Medium Low -4.0% -4.8% -4.3%

161 200 151 145 138 132 Average Average pop. age 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays A3V peripheral rural areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14

High

400 Medium

14 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

- Low

200

22 16 16 16 16 0

Average Average pop. age 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays A3V peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14

457 High 425 393 400 Medium 361 326 Low 8.9% 8.1% 7.5% 200 Average Average pop. age >65 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays A3V peripheral rural areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above

European Regional Development Fund 20

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

High

400 Medium Low 15.4% 13.3% 11.8% 200 76 52 60 68 30 Average Average pop. age >65 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays A3V peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above

Signs of an ageing society are present. The population in rural areas is losing ~ - 4 - 4.8% of young people every five years. Elderly people are becoming more by 7 - 9% every five years. In the municipality Soleilhas we can notice a stable trend of young people, but an increasing trend of people over 65 years. The numbers of the sparsely populated area are too small and they have therefore a too big variance to make a trustful prediction of the fertility rate.

100 -24.8% -24.8% -24.8% 80

60 High 36.64 40 33.12 24.9 Medium 18.72 Fertility Fertility rate 20 Low 14.08

0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays A3V peripheral rural areas - forecast of fertility rate (births per women aged 15-44)

The fertility rate of rural areas is showing a strong negative trend. The general fertility rate in the peripheral rural areas of Pays A3V is predicted to decrease. It is estimated that there will be a strong decline of births per women between 2015 and 2030. Because of the large variations in sparsely populated areas, it is hard to make a concrete prediction and thus the chart is missing.

European Regional Development Fund 21

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

4.2 Alpes Sud Isère

Population of the municipalities

3.500 3235

3.000

2.500

2.000

1.500

Population 1234 1208 999 1.000

500 140 0 rural areas sparsely populated peripheral centre rural areas rural areas Allemond Besse Le Bourg-d'Oisans Livet-et-Gavet Mont-de-Lans

Population of the municipalities in the Test Area Alpes Sud Isere in 2013 (latest figures available)

The classification of the test area Pays A3V divides the municipalities in three groups. Le Bourg-d'Oisans represents the peripheral centre. Besse is sparsely populated. All the other municipalities are falling in the class of rural areas.

3.500 3327 3193 3.300 3141 3090 3038 3.100 High Medium 2.900 Low 2.700 -1.6% -1.6% -1.7% Average Average population 2.500 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral centre - population forecast of total inhabitants

European Regional Development Fund 22

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

2.000 High 1.800 Medium 3.7% 3.6% 3.5% 1.600 Low

1.400 1314 1182 1270 1226 1.200 1117 Average Average population 1.000 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral rural areas - population forecast of total inhabitants

High 400 Medium 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% Low 142 200 142 143 143 143 Average Average population 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of total inhabitants

Besse and Le Bourg-d'Oisans are showing a stable total population trend. Rural areas are increasing slightly with ~3.5% every five years.

1.000 -4.6% -4.6% -5.1% 800 14 657 - 609 581 554 600 526

400 High

200 Medium Low

Average Average pop. age 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral centre - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14

European Regional Development Fund 23

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

-1.4% -1.0% -1.0% High 400 14

- Medium Low 213 213 210 208 206 200

Average Average pop. age 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral rural areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% High 400 14 - Medium Low

200

16 13 13 13 13 Average Average pop. age 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14

1.500 High 8.3% 7.7% 7.1% 1.300 Medium 1126 Low 1.100 1051 901 976 848 900

700

Average Average pop. age >65 500 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral centre - population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above

European Regional Development Fund 24

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

High 11.4% 10.3% 9.3% 400 Medium 301 329 273 Low 245 208 200

Average Average pop. age >65 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral rural areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above

High 400 Medium Low 12.9% 11.4% 9.1%

200 79 88 96 57 70

Average Average pop. age >65 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above

Signs of an ageing society in the peripheral centre are evident. The number of young people is decreasing around -5% every five years; the number of elderly people is increasing ~8% every five years. Young people have stable numbers in the rest of the test area, while the number of elderly people is constantly increase between 9% and 13% every five years.

European Regional Development Fund 25

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

100 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 80 72.16 62.06 62.06 62.06 62.06 60

40 High Medium Fertility Fertility rate 20 Low 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Alpes Sud Isère peripheral centre - forecast of fertility rate (births per women aged 15-44)

The values of rural areas and of the sparsely populated area are very small. They have a too high variance to make a trustful prediction of the fertility rate and thus the charts are missing. The fertility rate of rural areas is showing a strong negative trend.

4.3 Pays de Maurienne

Population of the municipalities 2.000 1733

1.500

1149

1.000 Inhabitants

500 331 234 132

0 rural areas rural areas sparsely populated sparsely populated sparsely populated Aiguebelle Aiton Bonvillaret Saint-Alban- Saint-Léger d'Hurtières

Population of the municipalities in the Test Area Pays de Maurienne in 2013 (latest figures available)

The test area is structured of five small municipalities without peripheral centre. Small numbers have a big influence on the percentage values. The forecast bases on values from the years 1999 and 2006 to 2013. This is a very short period for the calculation of

European Regional Development Fund 26

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne the forecast to 2030.

2.200 5.4% 5.3% 5.0% High 2.000 Medium 1.800 1735 Low 1652 1569 1.600 1464 1489

1.400 Average Average population 1.200 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays de Maurienne peripheral rural areas - population forecast of total inhabitants

High 400 326 Medium 301 277 252 Low 227

200 9.9% 8.7% 8.3% Average Average population 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays de Maurienne peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of total inhabitants

6.1% 5.7% 5.4%

14 High - 400 351 315 333 Medium 291 297

Low 200 Average Average pop. age 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays de Maurienne peripheral rural areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14

European Regional Development Fund 27

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

10.0% 9.1% 8.3%

14 High - 400 Medium

Low 200

38 40 44 48 52 Average Average pop. age 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays de Maurienne peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14

High 8.9% 8.5% 7.5% 400 344 Medium 320 295 Lo_95 253 271

200

0 Average population Average population age >65 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays de Maurienne peripheral rural areas - population forecast of inhabitants age 65 and above

High 11.4% 10.2% 9.3% 400 Medium

Lo_95

200 106 88 97 63 79

0 Average population Average population age >65 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years

Pays de Maurienne peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above

It is noticeable, that there is no negative trend, neither for total population trends nor for cohorts. The population of peripheral rural areas is increasing slower than sparsely populated areas regarding to the percentage values. Rural areas have a growth of ~5%

European Regional Development Fund 28

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne every five year, sparsely populated areas ~8.5%. The signs of an ageing population are not as strong as in other test areas.

Because of the large variations, it is hard to make a concrete prediction for the fertility rate in this TA. Thus, the chart is missing.

European Regional Development Fund 29

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5 GIS maps visualising SGI (Deliverable 3.6.1)

In the following chapter, the accessibility analysis based on excel charts and the used benchmark from the MORO study in Germany2 (dotted line in the chart) summarises the main findings of the five selected services (supermarket, chemist shop, kindergarten, primary school and doctor). After describing the accessibility of regional services (airport, train station, hospital and provincial capital), the GIS maps for the five selected services illustrating the accessibility in minutes by car and by public transport are depicted and shortly summarise the main point.

5.1 Pays A3V

Accessibility of the SGI by car (min.)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Chemist's Primary Supermarket Kindergarten Doctor shop School < 5 min. 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% < 10 min. 97% 97% 100% 100% 97% < 15 min. 97% 97% 100% 100% 97% < 20 min. 97% 97% 100% 100% 97%

< 5 min. < 10 min. < 15 min. < 20 min.

Accessibility of SGI in min by car

3% of the population of the test area cannot reach a supermarket or a chemist’s shop within the benchmark of 5 minutes and a doctor within the benchmark of 20 minutes by

2 Burgdorf, M., Krischausky, G., Müller-Kleißler, R., 2015b: Kennzahlen in der Daseinsvorsorge, BMVI (Hrsg.), BMVI- Online-Publikation 01/2015.

European Regional Development Fund 30

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne car. However, everyone can reach a kindergarten and a primary school within the benchmark of 15 minutes by car.

Accessibility of the SGI by public transport (min.)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Chemist's Primary Supermarket Kindergarten Doctor shop School < 5 min. 75% 75% 60% 60% 38% < 10 min. 97% 97% 97% 97% 60% < 15 min. 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% < 20 min. 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% < 30 min. 97% 97% 97% 97% 97%

< 5 min. < 10 min. < 15 min. < 20 min. < 30 min.

Accessibility of SGI in min by public transport

Regarding the accessibility of the SGI by public transport, within the five municipalities of the TA Pays A3V, 3% of the population cannot access a kindergarten, a primary school or a general doctor within 30 minutes. Moreover, 3% cannot access a supermarket or a chemist’s shop within 10 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 31

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Distance of the SGI (km)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Supermarket Chemist's shop Kindergarten Primary School Doctor < 1 km 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% < 3 km 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% < 5 km 97% 97% 97% 97% 97%

< 1 km < 3 km < 5 km

Distance of SGI in km

3% of the population of the five municipalities of Pays A3V do not have access to the selected services within 1, 3 or 5 km.

Regional accessibility

The next airport is Côte d'Azur, distant 123 km away from the farthest settlement Allos which takes 126 minutes to reach the airport by car. By public transport, it takes a max. of 221 minutes from Saint-André-les-Alpes to reach the airport of Nice Côte d'Azur, whereby values for Allos and Soleilhas are not available.

The next train station is located in Saint-André-les-Alpes, which is 41 km from the farthest settlement Soleilhas, from which it takes 41 minutes to reach the train station by car. It takes 140 minutes from Castellane to reach the train station by public transport.

The next hospital is located in Digne-les-Bains and is 81.3 km distant from Allos, where the people take 76 minutes to reach the hospital. It takes 139 minutes by public transport from Saint-André-les-Alpes to reach the hospital.

European Regional Development Fund 32

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

The provincial capital Digne-les-Bains is located 79.3 km away from Entrevaux from which it takes 80 minutes to reach it by car. By public transport, it takes 135 minutes from Entrevaux to reach Digne-les-Bains.

5.1.1 Supermarket

Accessibility of the next supermarket in min by car 3% of the population of the five selected municipalities need more than 5 minutes to reach a grocery store by car. The maximum time3 to reach the next grocery store takes 33 minutes from Soleilhas.

3 This refers to the average time at a driving speed of 50km/h.

European Regional Development Fund 33

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next supermarket in min by public transport 3% of the population of the five selected municipalities need more than 10 minutes to reach the next grocery store by public transport.

European Regional Development Fund 34

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.1.2 Chemist’s shop

Accessibility of the next chemist shop in min by car 3% of the population need longer than 5 minutes to reach a pharmacy by using the private car. The maximum time to reach a chemist takes 32 minutes from Soleilhas.

European Regional Development Fund 35

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next chemist shop in min by public transport

3% of the population need longer than 10 minutes to reach a pharmacy by using the public transport.

European Regional Development Fund 36

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.1.3 Kindergarten

Accessibility of the next kindergarten in min by car 100% of the population of the selected municipalities can reach the kindergarten within 15 minutes using a car. The maximum time to reach the kindergarten takes 9 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 37

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next kindergarten in min by public transport 3% of the population of the five municipalities cannot access the kindergarten within 30 minutes using the public transport.

European Regional Development Fund 38

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.1.4 Primary School

Accessibility of the next primary school in min by car 100% of the population of the selected municipalities can access the primary school by using a car within 15 minutes. The maximum time to reach a primary school takes 9 min.

European Regional Development Fund 39

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next primary school in min by public transport 3% of the population of the five municipalities cannot access the primary school by using the public transport within 30 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 40

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.1.5 Doctor

Accessibility of the next doctor in min by car Only 3% of the population of the five selected municipalities cannot reach a general doctor by car within 20 minutes. The maximum time to reach a doctor by car takes 33 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 41

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next doctor in min by public transport

3% of the population of the five selected municipalities cannot access the general doctor within 30 minutes by public transport.

In the test area Pays A3V the most distant settlement from all services is Soleilhas from which it also takes the longest to reach the services by car. Entrevaux has all services present close by and from Entrevaux the services are best reachable by public transport. Approximately 18% of the population of the five municipalities do not have access to public transport, within 15 minutes on foot.

European Regional Development Fund 42

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.2 Alpes Sud Isère

Accessibility of the SGIs by car (min.)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Chemist's Primary Supermarket Kindergarten Doctor shop School < 5 min. 64% 62% 66% 66% 80% < 10 min. 82% 80% 98% 98% 80% < 15 min. 100% 80% 98% 98% 80% < 20 min. 100% 98% 100% 100% 98%

< 5 min. < 10 min. < 15 min. < 20 min.

Accessibility of SGI in min by car 36% of the population of the test area cannot reach a supermarket and 38% chemist’s shop within the benchmark of 5 minutes by car. 2% population of the five municipalities of the TA of Alpes Sud Isère can reach a doctor within the benchmark of 20 minutes, a kindergarten and a primary school within the benchmark of 15 minutes by car.

European Regional Development Fund 43

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the SGIs by public transport (min.)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Chemist's Primary Supermarket Kindergarten Doctor shop School < 5 min. 2% 0% 66% 66% 0% < 10 min. 50% 48% 66% 66% 48% < 15 min. 68% 65% 98% 98% 62% < 20 min. 82% 65% 98% 98% 80% < 30 min. 100% 98% 98% 98% 98%

< 5 min. < 10 min. < 15 min. < 20 min. < 30 min.

Accessibility of SGI in min by public transport

Regarding the accessibility of the SGI by public transport, within the five municipalities of the TA Alpes Sud Isère, 2% of the population cannot access a kindergarten, a primary school or a general doctor within 30 minutes. While 50% cannot access a supermarket and 52% a pharmacy within 10 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 44

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Distance of the SGIs (km)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Supermarket Chemist's shop Kindergarten Primary School Doctor < 1 km 50% 48% 66% 66% 48% < 3 km 64% 62% 80% 80% 62% < 5 km 82% 80% 98% 98% 80%

< 1 km < 3 km < 5 km

Distance of SGI in km

36% of the population in the municipalities of Alpes Sud Isère do not have access to the supermarket, 38% to the chemist’s shop or doctor within 3 km of distance. 20% cannot access a kindergarten or a primary school within 3 km of distance.

Regional accessibility

The next airport is - Isère in Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs, distant 112.5 km away from the farthest settlement Besse from which it takes 95 minutes to reach the airport by car. By public transport, it takes a max. of 268 minutes from Allemond to reach the airport of Grenoble, whereby the value for Besse is not available.

The next train station is located in , which is 55.9 km from the farthest settlement Besse, from which it takes 59 minutes to reach the train station by car. It takes 169 minutes from Mont de Lans to reach the train station by public transport, whereby the value for Besse is not available.

The next hospital is located in Grenoble and is 65.6 km distant from Besse, where the people take 72 minutes to reach the hospital. It takes 173 minutes by public transport from Allemond to reach the hospital, whereby the value for Besse is not available.

European Regional Development Fund 45

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

The provincial capital Grenoble is located 71.4 km away from Besse. Using a car it takes 81 minutes from Besse to reach the capital. By public transport, it takes 172 minutes from Allemond to reach Grenoble, whereby the value for Besse is not available.

European Regional Development Fund 46

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.2.1 Supermarket

Accessibility of the next supermarket in min by car 36% of the population of the five selected municipalities need more than 5 minutes to reach a grocery store by car. The maximum time4 to reach the next grocery store takes 12 minutes.

4 This refers to the average time at a driving speed of 50km/h.

European Regional Development Fund 47

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next supermarket in min by public transport 50% of the population of the five selected municipalities need more than 10 minutes to reach the next grocery store by public transport. The maximum time to reach a grocery store takes 20 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 48

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.2.2 Chemist’s shop

Accessibility of the next chemist’s shop in min by car 38% of the population need longer than 5 minutes to reach a pharmacy by using the private car. The maximum time to reach a chemist takes 29 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 49

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next chemist’s shop in min by public transport 52% of the population need longer than 10 minutes to reach a pharmacy by using the public transport.

European Regional Development Fund 50

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.2.3 Kindergarten

Accessibility of the next kindergarten in min by car 2% of the population of the selected municipalities cannot reach the kindergarten within 15 minutes. The maximum time to reach the kindergarten takes 16 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 51

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next kindergarten in min by public transport 2% of the population in the five municipalities cannot access the kindergarten within 30 minutes using the public transport.

European Regional Development Fund 52

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.2.4 Primary School

Accessibility of the next primary school in min by car 2% of the population of the selected municipalities cannot access the primary school by using the private car within 15 minutes. The maximum time to reach a primary school takes 17 min.

European Regional Development Fund 53

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next primary school in min by public transport 2% of the population in the five municipalities cannot access the primary school by using the public transport within 30 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 54

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.2.5 Doctor

Accessibility of the next doctor in min by car 2% of the population of the five selected municipalities cannot reach a general doctor by car within 20 minutes. The maximum time to reach a doctor by car takes 30 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 55

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next doctor in min by public transport 2% of the population of the five selected municipalities cannot access the general doctor within 30 minutes by public transport.

In the test area Alpes Sud Isère the most distant settlement from all services is Besse from which it also takes the longest by car to reach all services. Bourg d’Oisans has all services present close by. Approximately 2% of the population of the five municipalities do not have access to public transport, within 15 minutes on foot.

European Regional Development Fund 56

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.3 Pays de Maurienne

Accessibility of the SGI by car (min.)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Chemist's Primary Supermarket Kindergarten Doctor shop School < 5 min. 32% 32% 38% 41% 32% < 10 min. 81% 100% 87% 96% 96% < 15 min. 91% 100% 100% 100% 100% < 20 min. 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

< 5 min. < 10 min. < 15 min. < 20 min.

Accessibility of SGI in min by car

68% of the population of the test area cannot reach a supermarket and chemist’s shop within the benchmark of 5 minutes by car. The entire population of the five municipalities of the TA of Maurienne can reach a doctor within the benchmark of 20 minutes, a kindergarten and a primary school within the benchmark of 15 minutes by car.

European Regional Development Fund 57

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the SGI by public transport (min.)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Chemist's Primary Supermarket Kindergarten Doctor shop School < 5 min. 0% 0% 0% 9% 32% < 10 min. 81% 32% 38% 41% 32% < 15 min. 81% 32% 38% 41% 32% < 20 min. 81% 32% 38% 41% 32% < 30 min. 81% 81% 87% 90% 81%

< 5 min. < 10 min. < 15 min. < 20 min. < 30 min.

Accessibility of SGI in min by public transport

Regarding the accessibility of the SGI by public transport, within the five municipalities of the TA Maurienne, 13% of the population cannot access a kindergarten, 10% a primary school and 19% a general doctor within 30 minutes. While 19% cannot access a supermarket and 68% a pharmacy within 10 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 58

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Distance of the SGI (km)

100%

80%

60%

40% Population

20%

0% Supermarket Chemist's shop Kindergarten Primary School Doctor < 1 km 32% 32% 38% 41% 32% < 3 km 32% 32% 38% 41% 32% < 5 km 35% 42% 42% 51% 51%

< 1 km < 3 km < 5 km

Distance of SGI in km

68% of the population in the municipalities of Maurienne do not have access to the supermarket, chemist’s shop or doctor, 62% cannot access a kindergarten and 59% a primary school within 1 or 3 km of distance. Regarding the distance of 5 km 10% more people have access to the afore mentioned services, except for the doctor here 19% more have access.

Regional accessibility

The next airport is Chambéry, distant 62.6 km away from the farthest settlement SaintLéger that takes 42 minutes to reach the airport by car. By public transport, it takes a max. of 87 minutes from Aiguebelle to reach the airport of Chambéry, whereby values for Bonvillaret, Saint-Alban-d’Hurtières and Saint-Léger are not available.

The next train station is located in Aiguebelle, which is 5.9 km from the farthest settlement Aiton, from which it takes 10 minutes to reach the train station by car. It takes 76 minutes from Aiton to reach the train station by public transport, whereby values for Bonvillaret, Saint-Alban-d’Hurtières and Saint-Léger are not available.

European Regional Development Fund 59

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

The next hospital is located in Chambéry and is 43.7 km distant from Bonvillaret, where the people take 40 minutes to reach the hospital. It takes 41 minutes by public transport from Aiton to reach the hospital, whereby values for Bonvillaret. Saint-Alband’Hurtières and Saint-Léger are not available.

The provincial capital Chambéry is located 54.4 km away from Saint-Léger. Using a car it takes 39 minutes from Saint-Alban-d’Hurtiéres to reach the capital. By public it takes 106 minutes from Aiton to reach Chambéry, whereby values for Bonvillaret, Saint-Alban- d’Hurtières and Saint-Léger are not available.

European Regional Development Fund 60

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.3.1 Supermarket

Accessibility of the next supermarket in min by car 68% of the population of the five selected municipalities need more than 5 minutes to reach a grocery store by car. The maximum time5 to reach the next grocery store takes 15 minutes from Saint-Alban-d’Hurtiéres.

5 This refers to the average time at a driving speed of 50km/h.

European Regional Development Fund 61

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next supermarket in min by public transport 19% of the population of the five selected municipalities need more than 10 minutes to reach the next grocery store by public transport.

European Regional Development Fund 62

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.3.2 Chemist’s shop

Accessibility of the next chemist’s shop in min by car 68% of the population need longer than 5 minutes to reach a pharmacy by using a car. The maximum time to reach a chemist takes 9 minutes from Bonvillaret.

European Regional Development Fund 63

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next chemist’s shop in min by public transport 68% of the population need longer than 10 minutes to reach a pharmacy by using the public transport.

European Regional Development Fund 64

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.3.3 Kindergarten

Accessibility of the next kindergarten in min by car 100% of the population of the selected municipalities can reach the kindergarten within 15 minutes. The maximum time to reach the kindergarten takes 10 minutes from Bonvillaret.

European Regional Development Fund 65

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next kindergarten in min by public transport 13% of the population in the five municipalities cannot access the kindergarten within 30 minutes using the public transport.

European Regional Development Fund 66

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.3.4 Primary School

Accessibility of the next primary school in min by car 100% of the population of the selected municipalities can access the primary school by a car within 15 minutes. The maximum time to reach a primary school takes 10 min from Bonvillaret.

European Regional Development Fund 67

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next primary school in min by public transport 10% of the population in the five municipalities cannot access the primary school by using the public transport within 30 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 68

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

5.3.5 Doctor

Accessibility of the next doctor in min by car 100% of the population of the five selected municipalities can reach a general doctor by car within 20 minutes. The maximum time to reach a doctor by car takes 10 minutes.

European Regional Development Fund 69

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Accessibility of the next doctor in min by public transport 19% of the population of the five selected municipalities cannot access the general doctor within 30 minutes by public transport.

In the test area Pays de Maurienne the most distant settlement from all services is Aiton. Using a car it takes the longest from Bonvillaret to reach all services. Aiguebelle and Saint-Alban-d’Hurtiéres have all services present close by and they are best reachable by public transport. Approximately 19% of the population of the five municipalities do not have access to public transport, within 15 minutes on foot.

European Regional Development Fund 70

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

6 Qualitative Information

A. Municipality: Pays A3V

Basic Goods

Strengths Very recently some new groceries and organic shops have opened and seem to react to the closing of little shops evolution. There are some moving groceries that cover the service for part of the territory. The 'Pays A3V' developed a label 'Pays gourmand', restaurants working with local food producers are represented by this label. Challenges and Weaknesses Basic goods are really centralized in the biggest municipalities. There are still some little groceries or bakeries, but more and more are closing down. Local supermarkets are working better than shopping malls around the territory.

Education

Strengths For babies and small kids, there is a good offer of public or associative structures (kindergartens) and nurses. Challenges and Weaknesses Today the TA is experiencing a decrease of births, which can cause problems for nurse activity. Schools are still present in the settlements but every year the number of classes is reducing, which leads to fewer classes and multi-level classes however with a growing number of pupils. There is no long-term vision about the demography of the territory and the need to maintain local schools. There are discussions about rural 2nd degree structures (colleges) that have fewer pupils compared to urban bigger structures. The discussions include the question on how to make rural colleges more attractive. There a frequent change of teachers, which has negatives effects on the classes. Finally, there are discussions about the scholar transport, which can represent a cost even if it's not really high (150€ per year) and which does not cover the most isolated areas for all school levels. Improvements and future investments Data driven approach to anticipate the demographic evolution and deal with the demand for nurses and schools in a long term vision. Recently the Saint-André les Alpes college has been selected to be a 'connected college', which means that it will soon benefit due to the supply of better digital equipment, and support on digital training for pupils. That digital evolution could be a way among others to open schools and colleges for the inhabitants of villages and cities around and bring them back life to these places beyond school times.

European Regional Development Fund 71

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Concerning 2nd degree structures, there are also some thematic projects to propose specialized courses with internships (e.g. sports dedicated trainings, which attract pupils from the whole department and around).

Health/ social services

Strengths There are no problems concerning mobile patient care or chemist’s shops. Some integrated solutions have been found (using scholar transport for pharmaceuticals, creating a little chemist shop in the doctor’s office in Barreme) There are very little hospitals in Entrevaux and Castellane just for first level emergency. There is a good infrastructure of social care services for young and elderly in all the bigger municipalities (Castellane, Saint-André les Alpes), mainly with first level services access points, the SGI houses. Challenges and Weaknesses In the territory, there is a big lack of medical specialists. Some medical specialists and hospitals are located in Digne, but Nice or have less waiting times and a bigger selection of services. Doctors in general medicine are quite old and there are difficulties to find young doctors to replace them they retire, in particular in Castellane. Reasons are the distances and difficulties for the spouse to find a job. For hospital emergencies, patients drive to Digne or Nice and Aix, also for maternities. Due to the lack of snow, the tourism sector is suffering which has an impact on the local economy in the North (Allos and surrounding) as the winter tourism is the biggest economic sector. Consequently, seasonal workers cannot find a job for the whole year but only during the tourism seasons. There is also a lack of information in some parts of the territory about existing services, and the service seem to be insufficient with only few access possibilities to job support organizations Pole Emploi (only one Pole Emploi meeting each trimester...) and Mission Locale for young workers. Improvements and future investments Globally there would be a real need to have a coordinated and financed policy for isolated mountain areas driven by the regional health authority. The regional authority with the public health insurance is developing a strong policy for doctors to remain in the territory.

Transport

Strengths There are two main mountain roads, which cross the territory east/west and north/south. There is only one train line ('Train des Pignes') which is mainly a touristic line and so the territory is not well covered, but the train line could be a structuring axis if the frequency were stronger.

European Regional Development Fund 72

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Some bus lines are useful in Allos, Castellane and Entrevaux. Spontaneous solidarity and voluntary make it possible that services such as: car-sharing, carpooling and hitch-hiking are available in the territory. They make it easier to move. Challenges and Weaknesses Carpooling is not very developed, Time cycles are quite insufficient and thus, people use collective transports for work or services (for example Allos only has 4 buses a day, 6 during the touristic seasons, and not on Sundays, or the first train in St André les Alpes in the morning is at 9.30am, apart on Monday) There are also problems related to costs regarding the train service as well as information problems to know all the transport possibilities. Even the ‘PacaMobilite’ website is not very useful. Improvements and future investments There are several public policies on mobility: department plan about public transports, and cycle ways, the 'Pays' charter which evocated all the questions of mobility and the Leader territory of which one of the axis is “alternate mobilities” (carpooling, hitchhiking, cycle...). For one year, investments to reinforce the touristic role of the train have been made. Moreover, its timetable has been improved in order to allow people to use it for work or services access. This is mainly the creation of a touristic guide on that train line. Moreover, its timetable has been improved in order to allow people to use it to travel to work and access services. The 'Pays' had projects on alternate mobility experiments, but the recent territorial recomposition has stopped those.

Telecommunication

Challenges and Weaknesses There are problems both about broadband access and about mobile phone coverage. Improvements and future investments A departmental plan was signed in 2012 (in the frame of a national plan), about the broadband access for everyone (Ftth and Fttb) before 2025 and for 70% of the inhabitants before 2020. Work is in progress, and some municipalities will soon be connected to broadband.

Administration

Strengths The local services such as post office or municipality offices are present in the whole territory, and few intermediate services are available: car cards and passports in Castellane, tax offices in few locations, but some of them closing with the years. However, a number of SGI (housing, social services, childhood, work and training, health public insurance, associations and companies creation) are present in the TA Pays A3V. This SGI house has been created in coordination between the 'Pays' and the department, their offices have been merged with the social department. The new intermunicipality will be in charge. It proposes 5 access points in the main villages of the territory.

European Regional Development Fund 73

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Challenges and Weaknesses The administrative centre for all the Pays A3V is Digne (more than one hour from certain places of A3V). There is quite a lot of dissatisfaction concerning work and social services. Even in SGI houses, more and more partners stop their physical presence in the territory, due to the distances, the administrative procedures are no more available in a physical office. Everything has to be completed online. Improvements and future investments The issue today is to support people with digital processes, and apart from the SGI houses, there are no places or structures to do this job in the territory, mainly for longer and collective times, aiming at the autonomy of services users.

European Regional Development Fund 74

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

B. Municipality: Alpes Sud Isère

Basic Goods

Strengths The territory is well provided with basic services because of the 2 international ski resort (les 2 Alpes and l'Alpe d'). And there are various shops in Bourg d'Oisans. Challenges and Weaknesses The seasonality of opening hours of the shops. It might be difficult to find an open grocery shop in spring or autumn.

Education

Strengths There are still many schools in this TA, and a college in Bourg d'Oisans. Challenges and Weaknesses It is more complicated to find facilities for professional training, especially in the tourism sector, which employs many people in the territory. Improvements and future investments The municipality wants to facilitate and promote more online training.

Health/ social services

Strengths With the house of public services, people have access to many services, all year round. Challenges and Weaknesses There is a lack of services for inhabitants, which have social difficulties. Most of the doctors of the municipality are older and close to retirement. Improvements and future investments Elderly home in Bourg d'Oisans. There is a major discussion on attracting younger doctors, which should replace doctors who are retiring.

Transport

Challenges and Weaknesses Public transport is insufficient, as there is almost no public transport, even between Bourg d'Oisans and Grenoble, the main city. “You are dependent on having a car and divers licence if you want to live here”.

European Regional Development Fund 75

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Improvements and future investments The inter-municipality (Communauté de communes Porte de Maurinne, including the selected municipalities) is trying to develop car-pooling b

Between inhabitants. They also want to develop “on-demand transport” between rural settlements.

Telecommunication

Strengths The large broadband access is quite good, once again because of the ski resort. Challenges and Weaknesses However, it is still complicated in mountain settlements, which is a security issue, i.e. if people cannot call the rescue centre when they are in danger or have a health problem. Improvements and future investments There is a “departmental” plan for broadband access, which is called SDTAN and plan to cover Oisans in Horizon 2020.

Administration

Strengths Once again, the public service house allows inhabitants to access administrative SGI. Challenges and Weaknesses More and more state public SGI are leaving the territory (services about unemployment for example). Improvements and future investments Municipalities want to keep locally access to administrative SGI. That is why they are going to improve and develop the SGI House

C. Municipality: Pays de Maurienne

Basic Goods

Strengths The two main municipalities, Aiton and Aiguebelle, still have few grocery shops (bakery, grocery). Challenges and Weaknesses Little shops are closing and supermarkets are opening, mostly away from “downtown” far from the centre of the villages, so it is difficult for elderly people to access grocery shops. Improvements and future investments The public sector is quite limited to act in the commercial sector. The major issue is to keep the territory attractive for potential shop owners.

European Regional Development Fund 76

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Education

Strengths There are still primary schools in settlements of the TA, and where there are not, there are school buses that connect each settlement. Challenges and Weaknesses There is no high school (the closest is in Saint Jean de Maurienne – 30 km) Improvements and future investments Schools of mountain settlements are being merged (they only keep one school for 3 or 4 settlement.

Health/ social services

Strengths There is the socio-cultural centre in Aiguebelle, which has a lot of services and social activities, especially for unemployed people. Challenges and Weaknesses There is a lack of services for people with psychiatric/mental diseases. Improvements and future investments The municipality of Aiguebelle is planning to build a health centre, to attract doctors and nurses in order to substitute those who have retired.

Transport

Strengths Fortunately, there is still a train station in Aiguebelle. Challenges and Weaknesses There are no bus stops in the territory (only school buses) and there are less and less trains, which stop in Aiguebelle station.

Telecommunication

Strengths The fibre (large broadband access) is being expanded. Challenges and Weaknesses There are still some problems with the cell phone network in mountain settlements (e.g. Bonvillaret, Montsappey, Les Hurtières) Improvements and future investments There is a departmental plan for broad-band access, SDTAN.

European Regional Development Fund 77

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

Administration

Strengths The public Services House (led by the socio-cultural centre) also includes administrative public services. Improvements and future investments The municipality is building a public service house which includes the former SGI service house, public library and kindergarten.

European Regional Development Fund 78

WP-T2 Regional Report: Pays A3V, Alpes Sud Isère, Pays Maurienne

7 Reference

Burgdorf, M., Krischausky, G., Müller-Kleißler, R., 2015b: Kennzahlen in der Daseinsvorsorge, BMVI (Hrsg.), BMVI-Online-Publikation 01/2015.

Eurac Research 2017: Projekte MONAS – Monitoring the Alpine Space und AGRALP – Entwicklung der Agrarstrukturen im Alpenraum, alpenweite Gemeindedaten basierend auf den folgenden offiziellen statistischen Daten: Statistik Austria (1980): Land- und Forstwirtschaftliche Betriebszählung 1980. Wien; Statistik Austria (2012): Agrarstrukturerhebung 2010. Betriebsstrukturerhebung, Schnellbericht 1.17. Wien; Statistik Austria (2010): Agrarstrukturerhebung 2010. Wien; Bundesamt für Statistik Schweiz (1980): Landwirtschaftliche Betriebszählung 1980. Neuchâtel; Bundesamt für Statistik Schweiz (2010): Landwirtschaftliche Betriebsstrukturerhebung 2010. Neuchâtel; Bundesamt für Statistik Schweiz (2013): Arealstatistik Gemeindetabellen 2004-2009, 1979-1985 (revidierte Daten), 1992-1997 (revidierte Daten). Neuchâtel; Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung (1979): Landwirtschaftszählung 1979; Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (2010): Invekos-Daten 2010; Service de la statistique et de la prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt (AGRESTE) (1979, 2010): Recensement généraux de l’agriculture 1979, 2010. Paris; Service de la statistique et de la prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt (AGRESTE) 2010. Paris; Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT): Censimento generale dell’agricoltura 1980, 2010. Roma; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (1981): Agricultural Statistics 1981. Ljubljana; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2010): Agriculture Census 2010. Ljubljana.

Gløersen, E. et al., Research for REGI Committee- Services of General Interest in the Funding Period 2014-2020 (Study). European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, 2016.

European Regional Development Fund 79