CENTRE FOR HISTORY AND ECONOMICS
1991-2001
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Contents
page Introduction
Research Programmes
Nationalism Population and Security Economic and Social Security Poverty and Inequality Historical Political Economy Environmental Security Globalization in Historical Perspective Challenges to Democratic Politics Church and State
Centre Research and Administrative Staff
Students
Prize students Affiliated students
Colloquia
Seminars
History and Economics Nations, States and Empires Quantitative Economic History
Research Publications
Centre for History and Economics Working Papers Books
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Introduction
he Centre for History and Economics was established at King’s College, Cambridge T in 1991 with a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to promote research and education in fields of common importance for economists and historians, and to encourage collaboration between the two disciplines. Its aim is to provide a forum in which scholars can address some of their common concerns through the application of economic concepts to historical problems, through the history of economic ideas and through economic history.
The Centre’s point of departure is fundamental research interests in the two disciplines. It also encourages the participation of economists and historians in continuing efforts to address issues of immediate and practical public importance, including economic security, poverty and inequality, political and economic nationalism, and globalization. The Centre hosts a number of conferences and colloquia each year. It supports a programme of pre- doctoral research and training in history and economics, and an annual competition, held in the spring, for History and Economics Prize Research grants.
The Centre is currently supported by grants from the John D. and Catherine C. MacArthur Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trust, the Leverhulme Trust, the Isaac Newton Trust, and the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung.
The offices of the Centre are at 3d King’s Parade, Cambridge, and the postal address is King’s College, Cambridge CB2 1ST. The web address is www.kings.cam.ac.uk/histecon.
The two Directors are Emma Rothschild and Gareth Stedman Jones and Hans-Joachim Voth is Associate Director. The research fellows are Ananya Kabir (Clare Hall), Melissa Lane (King’s College), and Paul Warde (Pembroke College). The staff are Inga Huld Markan, Administrative Officer/Editorial Associate, Amy Price, Administrative Officer/ Computer Officer (on maternity leave from September 2000), Susanne Lohmann, Administrative Officer/Research Assistant, and Rosie Vaughan, Administrative Officer/ Research Assistant.
The members of the History and Economics Executive Committee are Professor Sir A.B. Atkinson, Professor Nancy Cartwright, Professor Olwen Hufton, Professor Quentin Skinner, Professor Barry Supple, and Professor Sir E.A. Wrigley.
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Research Programmes
Nationalism
In spring 1992, the Economic Theory and Nationalism programme was initiated, coordinated by Kaushik Basu, Centre for Development Economics at the Delhi School of Economics.
As part of this, in the same year a project began on Religion and Identity in the Russian Federation, under the leadership of Sergei Panarin, at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
In January 1993, the National Identity project in Mongolia was initiated in cooperation with the Mongolian and Inner Asia Studies Unit, University of Cambridge, under the leadership of Caroline Humphrey. The project was concerned with the origins of national tensions in Inner Asia, and with policies to prevent the deterioration of these tensions into violent conflict. In December 1995 Caroline Humphrey visited Moscow to prepare a paper on international trade and the state in Russia, presented at the Centre in 1996.
In May 1993, a colloquium on Nations, States, and the End of Empires was held at King’s College, Cambridge. Papers included Nick Stargardt (King’s College, Cambridge): Reinventing the Austro-Hungarian Empire? Karl Renner Otto Bauer and the Idea of the Multinational State; Emma Rothschild: Economic Internationalism in the 1790s, and Eric Hobsbawm provided remarks on Nationalism. Other participants included Naran Bilik, John Dunn (King’s College, Cambridge), Ernest Gellner (King’s College, Cambridge), Istvan Hont (King’s College, Cambridge), Caroline Humphrey, Catherine Merridale, Carlo Poni (University of Bologna) and Carl Tham (Swedish International Development Agency).
In June 1993, a meeting was held on Nationalism and Religion at King’s College, Cambridge. This was organised in cooperation with the Commission on Global Governance (CGG). There were three sessions: Ethnic and Religious Conflicts; Conflict and Common Values; and What is to be done? Discussions were led by Ayesha Jalal (Columbia University) on South Asia, Caroline Humphrey on East Asia and Wangari Matthai (CGG) on Africa, and presentations were made by Mike Clough (CGG) and Emma Rothschild. Other participants included Patricia Hyndman, Sunil Khilnani (Birkbeck College, University of London), Rama Mani (CGG) and Sanjay Reddy. A report on this colloquium was prepared by Rama Mani.
In March 1994, a colloquium on Nationalism and Commercialization in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia was held at King’s College, Cambridge. There were sessions on Linguistic Nationalism and Economic Development; and Japan, State Policy and Mongolia. Discussion was led by Naran Bilik, Uradyn Bulag (Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit, University of Cambridge) and Marohito Hanada (Prime Minister’s Office, Japan). Other participants included Douglas Galbi, Bair Gomboev (MacArthur Project, Russia), Tomochelor Hao (University of London), Jonathan Haslam (Corpus Christi College), Emma Rothschild, Meena Singh and Tsui Yen-hu (MacArthur Project, China).
In 1994-1995, Ayesha Jalal researched Identity and related notions of sovereignty in South Asia, with special reference to Muslims. In June 1994 a two-day meeting was held on South Asia: Towards an Agenda for a Better Future at King’s College,
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Cambridge, organised by Ayesha Jalal. Presentations made included Ayesha Jalal, Romila Thapar (Jawarhalal Nehru University) and David Washbrook (St Anthony’s College, Oxford): The Aftermath of Partition: Nationalism and Communalism, Centralism and Regionalism; Sumantra Bose (Columbia University): Kashmir; Tariq Banuri (Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Pakistan) and Shapan Adnan (Shomabesh Institute, Bangladesh): Environmental Concerns; Amartya Sen, Sugata Bose (Tufts University) and Rehman Sobhan (Centre for Policy Dialogue, Bangladesh): Economic and Social Security in South Asia; and Gayatri Spivak (Columbia University) and Farhad Karim (Human Rights Watch): Social Security for Subordinated Groups. [The South Asia meeting was followed up by a Common History project involving several South Asian countries, and expanding on the meeting themes. The project was coordinated by Ayesha Jalal, Jean Drèze and Romila Thapar, and involved the collaboration of at least one institute in each of the South Asian countries.]
Two meetings were held to examine problems of language and transition in post- communist and post-colonial states. In May 1994, a meeting was organised by Catherine Merridale on Rewriting Russian History, held in King’s College, Cambridge. Presentations made included Catherine Merridale: Russian History, Russian Historians and the West; Sergei Panarin: The View from the Russian Side; and Douglas Galbi: Some Recent Experiences with Collaborative Work in Moscow. Other participants included Susan Bayly (Christ’s College, Cambridge), Ernest Gellner (King’s College, Cambridge), Paul Rosenberg (King’s College, Cambridge) and Emma Rothschild.
This was followed in December 1995 by a meeting on History and Identity, held in King’s College, Cambridge, and organised by Catherine Merridale. The papers focussed primarily on one set of interlinked themes: the problems of post-colonial history, the issues raised by the exercise of patronage over emerging historical traditions, and the difficulties associated with inter-cultural misunderstanding. The titles of the papers were: Catherine Merridale: Language, Patronage and the Creation of Historical Paradigm; Catherine Hall (University of Essex): Thinking about colonial and post-colonial histories: the case of Jamaica; and Ayesha Jalal: The Muslim Individual and the Community in Islam in South Asia, c. 1857 to 1919. Other participants included Christopher Bayly 9St Catherine’s College, Cambridge), Sugata Bose (Tufts University), Istvan Hont (King’s College, Cambridge), Stephan Klasen, Sergei Panarin, Roberto Romani, Emma Rothschild, Jonathan Steinberg (Trinity Hall, Cambridge), Adam Tooze and Jay Winter (Pembroke College, Cambridge).
In January 1995, Penguin India published Unravelling the Nation: Sectarian Conflict and India‟s Secular Identity. The book, edited by Kaushik Basu and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, brought together papers contributed to the Nationalism programme since 1993. The essays were written around the problems inherent in notions of community and nationalism in India, and there were contributions by G. Balachrandan (Delhi School of Economics), Alaka Basu (Cornell University), Veena Das (Delhi School of Economics), Sudhir Kakar and Amartya Sen.
In 1996, Sergei Panarin concluded his work on ethnic migration, and embarked on a three year study on Nationalism and Youth, focussing on Russian and post-Soviet youth and its political behaviour and beliefs. The work included comparative studies of Russian and Kazakh youth and involved field studies by members of Dr Panarin’s group at the Institute of Oriental Studies. They extended their research into several case studies looking at nation-building versus human security: the case of Kazakhstan; the image of ‘other’ by
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different ethnic groups of the post-Soviet Youth; an alignment of cultural revivalism and political nationalism: the experience of Buryatia against Russia; and the impact of historical legacy on contemporary political developments in Central Asia.
In order to ascertain the causes of prejudice other than personal experience, Dr Panarin undertook a study of ethnic stereotypes shared by youth. He also examined the supposed links between the vision of ‘aliens’ on the one hand, and the ethnic taxonomy and hierarchy established on the state and regional levels, on the other. The main object of his project was an investigation of the main factors forming the strongly entrenched and rather volatile images of others in youths’ consciousness. The research tapped various sources of information: documents of parties and movements, textbooks, and newspaper articles. Of particular importance are the opinions of 560 respondents about the characteristic cultural features and behavioural patterns of Russians, Caucasians, Kazakhs, Chinese, Kalmyks, Bashkirs and Tatars, collected in the course of previous study. The scope of research will be the same as in the case of preceding study: Russia and Kazakhstan.
In February 1997, Catherine Merridale and Sergei Panarin organised a workshop on Youth, Nationalism and Security in Russia and Kazakhstan, held at the Moscow offices of the MacArthur Foundation. The papers explored in detail various aspects of the subject under study. Some alarming changes in the behaviour of young people were reported: the steady rise of animosity among Russian youth towards ‘Caucasians’, growing self-isolation of youth groups in regions with mixed populations, the tendency of youth to perceive their multi-ethnic social setting in terms of a simplistic dichotomy between ‘us’ and ‘aliens’. At the same time, the participants in the workshop generally agreed that the majority of the younger generation in Russia (and to a lesser extent in Kazakhstan) has not yet been captured by nationalism; rather, large sections of younger people were refusing to engage in the formal political process as well as to accept uncritically the ideologies elaborated by their elders. By and large, it was recognised that the great diversity of regional situations should be taken into account and studied separately and thoroughly.
From 1997, Catherine Merridale began working on Death and Mourning in Russia, supported by the Economic and Social Research Council and the British Academy. This project examined mortality, mourning and commemoration in Russia from 1850 to the present. It focussed on trauma, and it drew on medical and psychological literature as well as historical sources. The work contributed to the social history of medicine and psychology, the comparative history of death and mourning and the medical, cultural and social history of Russia. Dr Merridale visited Moscow from January-April 1997 to carry out archival work and to interview survivors of famine, war, and repression. She returned to Russia in October to continue her work.
A one-day workshop was held on 1 December 1997 at the offices of the MacArthur Foundation. The aim of the day was to discuss research which concerns Russia, in Russian, with Russians drawn from a range of academic and professional backgrounds. Many British and American histories of Russia are never discussed in Russian with Russian audiences, and the gulf between the two academic traditions was a recurring theme of the day. Participants included representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, demographers from the Centre for Demography and Human Ecology, representatives of the Memorial human rights organisation and of the Holocaust centre, a Bishop from the Russian Orthodox Church and a spokesperson from the Centre of Public
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Opinion.
Dr. Merridale also organised a meeting on Trauma on 15 July 1998 in Cambridge. The meeting was concerned with issues relating to perceptions of and approaches to wide- scale trauma in different cultures, with special emphasis on work in contemporary Russia. Participants included Ira Katznelson (Columbia University), Jennifer Leaning (Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies), Thant Myint-U (Trinity College, Cambridge), Ulinka Rublack (St John’s College, Cambridge) and Deborah Thom (Robinson College, Cambridge).
Catherine Merridale organised a half-day workshop on history and history curricula in the former Soviet Union, Indian Subcontinent and Southern Africa. The meeting, Redesigning the Past: Political Transition and the Uses of History, took place in Trinity College, Cambridge on 2 February 2001. It focussed on the collapse of dictatorships, and the subsequent reinvention of history by journalists and politicians. History is by turns a source of legitimation for new governments, a generator of transformatory rage, a set of falsified details to be put right, and a source of consolation for those who fear that their society has preserved few cultural resources beyond its bitter memories and loss. The meeting also focussed on some of the questions which arise from the re-writing of history: inter-generational conflict, conflicts about language and paradigm, and the emergence of indigenous histories.
There were sessions on Redesigning History in Contemporary Russia and on themes for research-based papers. Participants included William Beinart (St Antony’s College, Oxford), Stefan Berger (University of Glamorgan), Johanna Crighton (Cambridge), Jürgen Kocka (Social Science Research Centre, Berlin), Richard Evans (Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge), Bernhard Fulda (St John’s College, Cambridge), Stephen Howe (Ruskin College, Oxford), Urte Kocka (Freie Universitat Berlin), Rana Mitter (Institute for Chinese Studies, University of Oxford), Emma Rothschild, Naoko Shimazu (Birkbeck College, London) and Gareth Stedman Jones.
A follow-up two-day workshop on Redesigning History - Political Transition and the Uses of History was held in January 2002, at King’s College, Cambridge. The workshop explored the ways in which history writing, and more generally, the public understanding of the past, can change in the wake of political transformations such as the collapse of an ideological dictatorship (Nazism after 1945, Communism after 1989) or the defeat of a colonial system (the Indian sub-continent, South Africa). In the workshop history was defined broadly, encompassing the material that is provided for textbooks, national curricula, academic research, popular history and the broadcast media. It also explored the idea of an international history, defined as it may be by the interplay between national and regional cultures, however they are imagined, and the homogenising influence of global media and mass public history.
Participants included Christopher Bayly (St Catherine’s College, Cambridge), Stefan Berger (University of Glamorgan), Richard Evans (Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge), Jürgen Kocka (Social Science Research Centre, Berlin), Rana Mitter (Institute for Chinese Studies, University of Oxford), Naoko Shimazu (Birkbeck College, University of London) and Romila Thapar (Jawaharlal Nehru University). Papers will be published as a special issue of the Journal of Contemporary History in December 2002.
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Population and Security
In 1993, the Centre became engaged in a new project, jointly with the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, and supported by the Global Stewardship Initiative of the Pew Charitable Trusts, on Population and Security. Sheilagh Ogilvie, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, assisted in the coordination of the programme in 1994-1995 and in October 1994 she also began a one year research fellowship at the Centre for History and Economics in connection with this programme.
A colloquium on Population and Security was held in February 1995 in collaboration with the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, to bring together distinguished scholars and policymakers to share their expertise concerning the relationship between demographic development and socio-political security. The meeting provided a forum for a wide-ranging discussion of the security implications of many aspects of demographic behaviour including fertility, mortality and migration. There were sessions on Population and Security, Historical Evidence, Population and Institutions, and Contemporary Issues. Papers were prepared by Sudhir Anand (St Catherine’s College, Oxford), Alaka Basu (Institute for Economic Growth, Delhi), Lincoln Chen (Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies), Frederick Cooper (University of Michigan), Geoffrey McNicoll (The Population Council, New York), Catherine Merridale, Sheilagh Ogilvie, Amartya Sen, Richard Smith (Downing College, Cambridge), Simon Szreter (St John’s College, Cambridge), and Tony Wrigley (Corpus Christi College, Cambridge).
The Centre produced several working papers based on the work presented at this workshop, and a full conference report was written by Sheilagh Ogilvie.
Stephan Klasen joined the Centre in 1996 as coordinator of the population and security project. His research examined linkages between population, consumption inequalities, the ethics of consumption, and the differential impacts of various consumption patterns on environmental degradation.
In June 1996 a meeting was held in King’s College, Cambridge, on Reasoning about Demilitarisation: A Spectrum of Approaches. There were sessions on The idea of disarmament in the 20th Century; Curtailment or Abolition of Armies; Theoretical Reflections and Demilitarisation and Security. There were case studies on Germany after the First World War, and Costa Rica and Panama. Participants included James Cornford (The Paul Hamlyn Foundation), Rolf Ekéus (United Nations Special Commission), Franklyn Griffiths (University of Toronto), Don Hubert (University of Cambridge), Mary Kaldor (University of Sussex), Rebecca Keane (Centre for History and Economics), Melissa Lane, Gabriela Rodriguez (Arias Foundation), Emma Rothschild, Gareth Stedman Jones and Peter Weiderud (Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs).
In December 1996 Noala Skinner organised a small roundtable meeting at King’s College, Cambridge on The Military Utility of Landmines. Introductory remarks were made by John Molander (Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs) and presentations were made by Noala Skinner and Rae McGrath. Participants included Sir Hugh Beach (Former Master General of the Ordnance), Peter Herby (International Committee of the Red Cross), Fiona King (Save the Children) and Emma Rothschild.
Stephan Klasen organised a major international meeting in October 1997 on Population,
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Consumption and Security. The meeting brought together academics, including economists, historians, demographers and anthropologists, and policy makers, including representatives of the World Bank, United Nations Development Programme and the United Kingdom House of Lords, to discuss possible linkages between population, consumption, inequality, the environment and development. Participants included Sudhir Anand (Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies), Joel Cohen (Rockefeller University), Partha Dasgupta (St John’s College, Cambridge), Angus Deaton (Princeton University), Paul Demeny (Population and Development Review), Jean Drèze, Geoffrey Hawthorn (Clare Hall, Cambridge), Athar Hussain (London School of Economics), Sriya Iyer (Newnham College), Richard Jolly (United Nations Development Programme), Peter Laslett (Trinity College, Cambridge), Jim Mirrlees (Trinity College, Cambridge), Martin Rees (King’s College, Cambridge), Robert Solow (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Barry Supple (Leverhulme Trust). A report on the proceedings of the conference was prepared by Sanjay Reddy (Harvard University) and several papers were produced as Centre working papers.
A two-day conference on Fertility Changes in Developing Countries was held in May 2000 at King’s College, Cambridge. There were sessions on Concepts and Empirical Evidence, Fertility in India, and The Global Picture. Participants included Alaka Basu (Cornell University), Jean Drèze, PN Mari Bhat (Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi), Tim Dyson (London School of Economics), Roger Jeffery (University of Edinburgh), Naila Kabeer (University of Sussex), Chris Langford (London School of Economics), Mamta Murthi, Siddiq Osmani (University of Ulster) and Amartya Sen (Trinity College, Cambridge).
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Economic and Social Security
In October 1992 a meeting was held on The ‘92 Election and the Future of British Politics. It was organised by Jon Lawrence (University College, London) and Gareth Stedman Jones, and held at King’s College, Cambridge. There were three sessions: Interpreting the 1992 Election; Is Britain naturally Conservative?; and The Left and Britain‟s economic future, followed by a general discussion on the future of British Politics. Participants included Peter Clarke (St John’s College, Cambridge), Linda Colley (Yale University), John Dunn (King’s College, Cambridge), David Feldman (University of Bristol), Ben Pimlott (Birkbeck College, London), and Robert Worcester (MORI).
In July 1993 a meeting was held at King’s College, Cambridge on the 30th anniversary of the Partial Test Ban Treaty, and was hosted by Martin Rees and Emma Rothschild. Presentations included Sir John Thomson (GCMG): Diplomatic Lessons from the Past and Prospects for the Future; Sir Ronald Mason (FRS): The Political Background; Chrystia Freeland (The Economist): The Situation in the Former Soviet Union; Peter Jones (former Director of AWRE): Technical Issues; and Patricia Lewis (VERTIC): Verification Aspects. Other participants included Sir Michael Atiyah (PRS), Anne Campbell MP, Ambassador Hans Dahlgren (Commission on Global Governance), and Edward Mortimer (The Financial Times).
In August 1993, a colloquium on Democracy and International Economic Institutions was held jointly with the Commission on Global Governance, at King’s College, Cambridge. The meeting addressed the new political questions raised by the dramatically increased role of international economic organisations in domestic governance. Introductory remarks were made by Emma Rothschild and Peter Hansen (Commission on Global Governance), and a paper on Good Government was presented by Geoffrey Hawthorn (Clare Hall, Cambridge) and Paul Seabright (Churchill College, Cambridge). Other participants included James Cornford (Institute for Public Policy Research), John Dunn (King’s College, Cambridge), Mats Karlsson (Commission on Global Governance), Onora O’Neill (Newnham College, Cambridge), Amartya Sen and Carl Tham (Swedish International Development Agency).
In April 1994, a meeting was held on Why Aren't Universal Banks Universal? The colloquium was held at King’s College, Cambridge. A presentation was given by Ben Polak (Harvard University) and Sandeep Baliga (King’s College, Cambridge), and comments were made by Jeremy Edwards (St John’s College, Cambridge). Other participants included Tony Atkinson (Churchill College, Cambridge), Chris Doyle (Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge), Christopher Harris (Nuffield College, Oxford), Sarah Hirschman (Princeton University), Jane Humphries (Newnham College, Cambridge), Sheilagh Ogilvie, Emma Rothschild, Paul Seabright and Gareth Stedman Jones.
In July 1994, a two day conference on Skills and Training was organised by Paul Ryan (Faculty of Economics, Cambridge University) and held at King’s College, Cambridge. There were six sessions: Apprenticeship in Historical Perspective; Skills, Contracts, Guild Organisation and Pre-industrial Apprenticeship; Historical and Economic Accounts of Internal Labour Markets; Gender and Skill; Collective Organisation, Labour Markets and Training in Twentieth Century Great Britain; and International Comparisons. Participants included David Ashton (University of Leicester), Marian Bartlett (Faculty of History, Oxford University), Chris Brooks (University of Durham), William Brown (Industrial
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Relations, University of Cambridge), Shirley Dex (University of Keele), Stephen Epstein (London School of Economics), Howard Gospel (University of Kent), Francis Green (University of Leicester), Jane Humphries (Newnham College, Cambridge), Peter Howlett (London School of Economics), David Lee (University of Essex), Bill Lazonick (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Charles More (University of Cheltenham), Margaret Pelling (University of Oxford), Mary O’Sullivan (Harvard University), Sian Reynolds (University of Stirling), Emma Rothschild, Mike Savage (University of Keele), Keith Snell (University of Leicester), Michael Sonenscher (University of Cambridge), David Soskice (University of Berlin), Margaret Stevens (University of Oxford), Wolfgang Streeck (University of Wisconsin), and Jonathan Zeitlin (University of Wisconsin).
In 1995 the Economic Security programme completed its work on displacement and resettlement. The proceedings of the 3 day workshop on Displacement and Resettlement in the Narmada Valley held at the Centre for Development Economics in Delhi, India, were published in 1996 by Sage, New Delhi. The Economic Security Programme went on to support several studies on primary education in India, and several field-based studies on the schooling system were also initiated to contribute towards the completion of a major report on the state of basic education in India.
On 17-19 February 1995 a meeting on Population and Security was held at King's College, Cambridge with the aim of bringing together academics and policymakers to share expertise on the relationship between demographic developments and social, political and economic security. The meeting provided a forum for a wide-ranging discussion of the security implications of many aspects of demographic behaviour including fertility, mortality and migration. There were four sessions, on Population and Security; Population and Security: Historical Evidence; Population and Institutions; and Contemporary Issues in Population and Security. Speakers included Alaka Basu (Cornell University), Geoffrey McNicoll (The Population Council, New York), Catherine Merridale, Amartya Sen (Trinity College, Cambridge) and Anthony Wrigley (Corpus Christi College, Cambridge). Over forty participants attended, including Sudhir Anand (St Catherine’s College, Cambridge), Lincoln Chen (Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies), James Cornford (Hamlyn Foundation), Partha Dasgupta (St John’s College, Cambridge), Thomas Homer-Dixon (University of Toronto), Caroline Humphrey, Lisbet Palme (Swedish Committee for UNICEF), Emma Rothschild, Roger Schofield (Clare College, Cambridge), Richard Smith (Downing College, Cambridge) and Simon Szreter (St John’s College, Cambridge).
In late 1996 a major survey of schooling in rural India was carried out, organised by Jean Drèze and Shiva Kumar (UNICEF) with a team of researchers based at the Centre for Development Economics and elsewhere. The survey covered 188 villages in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Himchal Pradesh. In each village, all the schooling facilities were surveyed, and a random sample of twelve households were interviewed. The survey focused primarily on the causes of educational deprivation of rural India. Preliminary results of the survey were presented in a major article published in India Today in October 1997, which focussed on the respective roles of parental indifference, child labour and low schooling quality as causes of educational deprivation in rural India.
On 24-25 October 1997, a one and a half day meeting on Population and Consumption was held at King’s College, Cambridge. The meeting was chaired by Robert Solow (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and brought together academics including James
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Mirrlees (Trinity College, Cambridge) and Amartya Sen (Trinity College, Cambridge), and policymakers including representatives of the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme and the United Kingdom House of Lords. There were sessions on Consumption and Savings, Population, Consumption and Environment; Demographic and Economic Change; and Case Studies: China and South Africa. The papers presented were: Stephan Klasen: Population, Consumption Inequalities and the Disadvantages of Late Development; Angus Deaton (Princeton University): Do Americans Consume Too Much? Three Interpretations; Abhijit Banerjee (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): Policy-Making In An Over-Consuming World: Some Finger Exercises; Joel Cohen (Rockefeller University): Can an Equitable World Support More of Fewer People than an Ineuqitable One?; Alaka Basu (Cornell University): Population and Consumption Versus Fertility and Consumption: Not Two Sides of the Same Coin; Emma Rothschild: Luxury and Consumption; Athar Hussain (London School of Economics): Chinese Households and their Expenditure Patterns; Stephan Klasen: Economic, Environmental and Social Limits for ‟Late Developers‟ in South Africa; Valerie Møller (University of Natal): Aspirations, Consumption and Conflict in the New South Africa. Other participants included Partha Dasgupta (St John’s College, Cambridge), Jean Drèze, Anne Mclaren (Wellcome Institute) and Richard Smith (Downing College).
In 1997, Stephan Klasen began a research project on unemployment in South Africa, jointly with Ingrid Woolard from the University of Port Elizabeth. The research, supported by the British Department for International Development and undertaken for the South African Department of Finance attempted to uncover the underlying causes for high unemployment in rural areas of South Africa. The research involved the analysis of household data as well as field research. The first results of the research were discussed at a seminar in South Africa in April 1998. Another paper examined the consistency of employment and unemployment statistics which has since been published in Development Southern Africa 16: 3-35 (1999). Professor Klasen and Dr Woolard continued to work on this topic and subsequently incorporated the findings from a recent census and two further household surveys in these analyses.
In 1997 Noala Skinner worked at the UNICEF Geneva Regional Office in July and August 1997. She focussed her research on an initiative undertaken in the move towards the eventual elimination of child labour, looking in particular at the adoption of a corporate code of conduct. She drafted a report The Ten Pledges to End Exploitative Child Labour to be used by the UNICEF National Committees giving an ethical and conceptual framework for codes of conduct to be developed by industries.
Jean Drèze presented his work on education in July 1998 at a meeting held in Cambridge in collaboration with the Geneva office of UNICEF on Basic Education as a Political Issue. It was chaired by the Deputy Executive Director of UNICEF, Stephen Lewis. The meeting discussed what could be learnt from the historical examples of child labour in European countries with presentations from Jane Humphries (Newnham College, Cambridge), Emma Rothschild and UNICEF participants. The findings of the meeting were reflected in the 1999 State of the World‟s Children report. Jean Drèze presented the findings of the PROBE (Public Report on Basic Education) survey and argued that parental indifference to education and child labour in India are not the primary causes of children not attending school.
On 15 October 1998 the Centre organised a roundtable discussion on German Politics and the German Economy, held at Trinity College, Cambridge. Participants included
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Bernhard Fulda (St John’s College, Cambridge), John Grimond (The Economist), Emma Rothschild, Adam Tooze and Paul Warde.
A major international conference was held on Barter in Post Socialist Societies in Churchill College, Cambridge, on 13-14 December 1998. The conference was coordinated by Paul Seabright, Caroline Humphrey and Alena Ledeneva (New Hall College, Cambridge). The papers presented were: Paul Seabright and Alena Ledeneva: Barter in Post-Socialist Societies: What does it look like and why does it matter?; Caroline Humphrey: How is Barter Done? The Social Relations of Barter in provincial Russia; Simon Clarke (University of Warwick): Household Survival in a Non-Monetary Market Economy; Dalia Marin (University of Munich): Barter in Transition Economies, Disorganisation and Financial Collapse; Simon Commander (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and Christian Mumssen (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development): A Survey of Barter in the Russian Federation; David Anderson (University of Alberta): Surrogate Currencies and the Wild Market in Central Siberia; Alena Ledeneva: Shadow Barter: Economic Necessity or Economic Crime?; Michael Burawoy (University of California): Russia‟s Real Economy: Barter and Involution in the Boreal Construction Industry; Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov (University of Alberta): Bear Skins and Macaroni: The Life of Goods at the Social Margins of a Siberian Collective; Rachel E. Kranton (University of Maryland): Expanding Markets, Specialization, and Reciprocal Exchange; Kenneth Burdett (University of Essex): Cigarette Money; Barry W. Ickes (Pennsylvania State University): Demonetization in Russia and the Virtual Economy; David Woodruff (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): Prospects for Monetary Consolidation in Russia after the August Crisis; and Alaina Lemon (University of Michigan): Signs of Mistrust: Gypsies, Barter, Money and Exclusion. Participants included economists, anthropologists and sociologists from Russia, Canada, Germany, UK and USA. Administrative officer Amy Price designed a website for the meeting which can be found at http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/histecon/barter
A second meeting on Basic Education was held in March 1999 in King’s College, Cambridge. There were sessions on Education and Public Action, Inequality and Education, and Reforming Education in Africa. Speakers and participants included Mats Karlsson (Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs), Penina Mlama (Forum for African Women Educationalists), Lisbet Palme (Swedish Committee for UNICEF), Emma Rothschild, Amartya Sen (Trinity College, Cambridge) and Elaine Wolfensohn (World Bank).
A meeting on Human Security took place on 9 February 2000 at Trinity College Cambridge. Participants included Sudhir Anand (St Catherine's College), Lincoln Chen (The Rockefeller Foundation), Yusuke Dan (Clare Hall, Cambridge), Sakiko Fukuda-Parr (United Nations Development Programme), Thandika Mkandawire (United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)), Emma Rothschild, Susan Sechler (The Rockefeller Foundation), and Amartya Sen (Trinity College, Cambridge).
In 2000, Stephan Klasen was involved in a research project on under-nutrition and child mortality in South Asia and Africa, and has also recently worked on cross-country comparisons of inequality and welfare. As Professor of Economics at the Ludwig Maximilian Universität in Munich, he produced a discussion paper with Ingrid Woolard on Surviving Unemployment without State Support: Unemployment and Household Formation in South Africa in July 2000. Poverty and Inequality
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In October 1998 the Centre began an initial two year programme on Poverty and Inequality, associated with the MacArthur network on Poverty and Inequality in Broader Perspectives. Mamta Murthi worked with other members of the network, in particular Amartya Sen and also Angus Deaton (Princeton University), Sudhir Anand (St Catherine’s College, Cambridge), Jean Drèze and Stephan Klasen. Dr Murthi returned to the World Bank in January 2001, and in the same year Ananya Kabir joined the Centre as a Research Fellow in association with this project.
The project paid special attention to analytical issues in the measurement and evaluation of inequalities, in the context of extensive empirical applications dealing with the United States (especially the hard inequalities that exist across ethnic divisions), India (especially the remarkably sharp regional and inter-district contrasts, and also differential positions of women and men), and South Africa (especially the long-standing racial and locational inequalities inherited from the Apartheid days). The focus was primarily on non-income information (such as mortality, fertility and other demographic variables as well as morbidity and health statistics), and on the analytical technology needed to deal with these variables, which lack the simple measurability of income or wealth data. The empirical work was concerned with income distribution in the US, and with the relationship between income and health, an area in which there was close collaboration with the MacArthur network on health and socio-economic status.
In July 1998 Stephan Klasen presented a paper called ‘Measuring Poverty and Inequality in South Africa’ at a MacArthur network meeting in Boston. In addition, his paper, with Kalpana Bardhan, on UNDP’s Gender-Related Development Index was published by World Development 27: 985-1010 (1999). In this connection, Klasen participated as a panellist at the First Global Forum on Human Development in New York, July 1999 where he discussed papers by Sudhir Anand and Amartya Sen, and reviewed the changes to the Human Development Index.
In February 1999 Amartya Sen organised a meeting on Unemployment, held at the Master’s Lodge, Trinity College. The meeting spanned two days and there were three main sessions. Participants included Tony Atkinson (Nuffield College, Oxford), Jean-Paul Fitoussi (Observatoire Français des Conjectures Économiques), Stephan Klasen, Mamta Murthi, Sylvia Nasar, Emma Rothschild and Menachem Yaari (Hebrew University).
Stephan Klasen’s paper entitled Measuring Poverty and Deprivation in South Africa became a Centre for History and Economics working paper in May 2000. Caroline Humphrey continued her work on social exclusion in the same year, and produced a paper entitled Inequality and Exclusion: A Russian Case Study of Emotion in Politics.
In March 2000 a meeting was held on Unemployment at Trinity College, Cambridge. The meeting was divided into three sessions: Economic Aspects, Social Aspects and Political Aspects. Participants included Rune Åberg (Umeå University), Tony Atkinson (Nuffield College, Oxford), Edmund Phelps (Columbia University), Joakim Palme (Swedish Institute for Social Research), Philippe van Parijs (Université Catholique de Louvain) and Amartya Sen (Trinity College, Cambridge). A website was created dedicated to the issues that came out of this meeting. It provided information about the participants in the Unemployment meeting, their papers, comments and additional material.
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A further meeting on Unemployment and Inequality was held in February 2001 in Trinity College. The main topic for discussion was empirical investigations of inequality and there was also a session on the teaching of economics. Participating were Tony Atkinson (Nuffield College, Oxford), Fabrizio Barca (Ministry of Treasury, Rome), Andrea Brandolini (Bank of Italy Research Department), Jean-Paul Fitoussi (OFCE, Paris), Stephan Klasen (University of Munich), Mårten Palme (Stockholm School of Economics), and Hans-Joachim Voth.
Historical Political Economy
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In 1994 the Centre began a project on the Rise and Fall of Historical Political Economy in the 19th Century, which finished in 2000. Funded by a grant from the Leverhulme Trust, the object was to explore the different European historical schools of political economy, and the precedents or risks they may suggest for modern economics. Five principal themes were identified. The first was the origins of historical political economy in the early 19th century critique of Smithian economics. The second was historical economics as a European phenomenon. The third was the idea of natural laws in political economy. The fourth was ideas of stages of development, and the conception of regularities of historical experience across countries, including a process of ‘transition’ which includes institutional, political and even psychological ‘development’. The fifth theme was economic nationalism.
The project was coordinated by Nancy Cartwright, Emma Rothschild and Gareth Stedman Jones. Roberto Romani joined the Centre in connection with the project, and Erik Grimmer was appointed as research assistant in the programme. Jordi Cat and Thomas Uebel, research associates at the London School of Economics, worked with Nancy Cartwright on the programme.
The Centre established an exchange programme for scholars funded by the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung in connection with the research programme. In 1996 research trips were organised in Berlin and Stuttgart for Erik Grimmer, Paul Warde and Adam Tooze to carry out their research. Erik Grimmer worked on the Schmoller and Althoff papers. Paul Warde went to Stuttgart in connection with preliminary investigation of archival material concerning his thesis on the economic and ecological history of Württemberg. Adam Tooze travelled to Stuttgart to carry out research concerning the dissolution of the paradigm of historical economics in the aftermath of World War I.
Erik Grimmer and Roberto Romani completed a paper on Historical Political Economy in the European Dimension, 1870-1900 as part of the programme, which was presented in a seminar at the London School of Economics in October 1996 and was published as a Centre working paper.
A colloquium took place on 5 December 1997 to continue discussions on the themes of the project. Papers presented at the meeting included Erik Grimmer and Roberto Romani: Deconstructing the Historical School of Economics, 1870-1900; Philippe Steiner (Ecole Normale Supérieure de Fontenay): Durkheim's Sociology, Simiand's Positive Economics and the German Historical School, and Hinnerk Bruhns (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales): Economists Reading Max Weber, as well as a paper by Heino Heinrich Nau on Gustav Schmoller and the concept of "historisch-ethische Nationalökonomie". Other participants included Friedrich Lenger (Eberhard-Karls-Universität) and Keith Tribe (University of Keele).
A major conference was held on 2-3 October 1998 at King’s College, Cambridge. There were five sessions: Session 1: Smith, Mill and the Nineteenth Century, with presentations including: Neil De Marchi (Duke University): Putting evidence in its place: John Mill‟s early struggles with history and Emma Rothschild (Centre for History and Economics): Smithianismus and Enlightenment in 19th Century Europe; Session II: The Historical Political Economy in England and Ireland, with presentations including Robert Collison Black (Queens University Belfast): The political economy of T.E. Cliffe Lesley: a re- assessment; James Thompson (King's College, Cambridge): The reception of Lujo
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Brentano‟s thought in Britain, 1870-1900 and Roberto Romani (Centre for History and Economics): From the gospel of work to the gospel of relaxation: economics, national character, and the virtues of community; Session III: Social Science and Social Policy, with presentations including Erik Grimmer (Nuffield College, Oxford): The fickle servant of progress: history and social reform in German, 1870-90; Heino Nau (Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin): Gustav Schmoller‟s Historico-Ethical Political Economy: ethics, politics and economics in the Younger German Historical School, 1871-1914 and Adam Tooze (Jesus College, Cambridge): The crisis of Gelehrtenpolitik and the alienated economic mind: economists and politics in inter-war Germany; Session IV: Economic Epistemology, with presentations including Nancy Cartwright (London School of Economics): Abstract and concrete knowledge: why the historical school should matter to how we do economic theory today and Thomas Uebel (University of Manchester): Heterodox neopositivism as a response to the Methodenstreit; and Session V: Economic Rationality, with presentations by Heath Pearson (Berkeley): Homo oeconomicus goes native and Keith Tribe (University of Keele): The genealogy of neoclassicism. Several of the papers were published as Centre working papers.
In February 1999 a meeting was held on The Rise and Fall of Historical Political Economy in the 19th Century, at King’s College, Cambridge. There were comments by Emma Rothschild, Richard Tuck, Paul David (All Soul’s College, Oxford) and Bertram Schefold (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität). Other participants included Erik Grimmer-Solem (Balliol College, Oxford), Simon Cook (Hebrew University), Roberto Romani and Gareth Stedman Jones.
On 2-4 March 2001, a colloquium was held at King’s College Cambridge, on The Political Economy of British Economic Experience, 1688-1914. The meeting was organised by Donald Winch (University of Sussex). The meeting brought together economists, economic historians and historians of economics. Papers presented at the conference included: FML Thompson (Institute of Historical Research, University of London): Changing Perceptions of Land Tenures in Britain, 1750-1914; Anthony Howe (London School of Economics): Free Trade Protection, 1688-1914; Frank Trentmann (Birkbeck College, London): Popular Political Economy and the Contestation of National Identity and Political Practice: Free Trade and Tariff Reform, 1846-1931; Kenneth Morgan (Brunel University): Mercantilism and the British Empire, 1688-1815; Andrew Porter (King’s College, London): The Political Economy of Empire; Forrest Capie (City University, London): The Evolution of the Lender of Last Resort: the Bank of England; Joanna Innes (Somerville College, Oxford): The Distinctiveness of the English Poor Law, 1750-1850; José Harris (St Catherine’s College, Oxford): Morality, Poor Law, and Welfare State; Patrick O’Brien (London School of Economics): Path Dependency. British Exceptionalism and the Rise of Fiscal States in Western Europe from Westphalia to the Treaty of Vienna; Martin Daunton (Churchill College, Cambridge): British Taxation from the Napoleonic Wars to the First World War; Roberto Romani (Research Associate): The Image of Britain in the Eyes of French and Italian Economists; James Thompson (Jesus College, Cambridge): „A Nearly Related People‟: Some German Views of the British Labour Market, 1870-1900; Emma Rothschild: The English Kopf; and Gareth Stedman Jones: National Bankruptcy and Social Revolution: European Observers on Britain, 1813- 1844. The papers are being produced in a volume edited by Donald Winch and Patrick O’Brien.
In September 2001 a planning meeting was held on Against the Market? Changing Political Economy in Britain, c. 1780-2000 at King’s College, Cambridge. There
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were two sessions and participants included David Craig (University of Durham), Marhot Finn (University of Warwick), Marc Stears (Emmanuel College, Cambridge), Gareth Stedman Jones, James Thompson (Bristol University), Adam Tooze and Jon Wilson (King’s College, London).
Environmental Security
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In December 1993, a project on Environment and Democracy was initiated. The project was supported by the Centre for History and Economics, and based at Cambridge and at the Land and Agriculture Policy Centre in Johannesburg, with the participation of the University of Lesotho. It is concerned with the environmental consequences of apartheid, and the integration of environmental considerations into policies for the transition to democracy and economic redistribution, including land policies.
Meena Singh joined the Centre as a fellow in December 1993 in connection with this project. Her research examined the impact of environmentally displaced people in Southern Africa. The research was funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and was conducted over a period of two years in the Eastern Transvaal, the Western Cape and the border area of Lesotho. (‘A series of working papers was generated during the course of the project’?). In March-April 1995, she organised a conference on Redefining Security in South Africa.
In 1996 Meena Singh’s work on environmental refugees continued alongside parallel studies on environmental resource degradation and depletion, changing access and resource needs. Additional support was provided by SIDA. After a period of maternity leave, Dr Singh returned to work on a part-time basis in November 1997. A collection of essays on Environmental Security and Conflict in Southern Africa, edited by Dr Singh, has been prepared for publication by Sunil Amrith and Rosie Vaughan.
In the course of 1996-1997, support was given to Julia Hoggett, a graduate student at Newnham College, Cambridge and at the Centre to carry out research on energy issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. She wrote an extensive paper on Fuelling African Underdevelopment? A Two-Speed Model of Adaptation in the 1970‟s Oil Crisis.
In December 1997, Meena Singh travelled to South Africa to carry out further research in Natal where pollution from sugar and paper mills has displaced people living in the adjacent river banks, and to meet researchers and project workers at the UNHCR in South Africa and the Institute for Democracy in South Africa. She also went to South Africa in late March 1998 to carry out further research and participate in a conference on Refugees in the New South Africa on 28-29 March in Pretoria, organised by Lawyers for Human Rights.
In 1997 Stephan Klasen also participated in research projects in Southern Africa. These include the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, where he collaborated with the World Bank on the economic assessment of the project. He prepared a draft paper on Valuing Environmental and Socio-Economic Losses of a Large Infrastructure Project: A Case Study from a Water Transfer Project in Lesotho.
A colloquium on Documenting Environmental Change organised by Meena Singh and Paul Warde was held on 15 September 1999 at Clare Hall, Cambridge. The colloquium brought together scholars from diverse fields in humanities, social and physical sciences working on environmental change and reconstruction. Participants included Gillian Beer (Clare Hall College, Cambridge), Taylor Brown (Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Cambridge), Yusuke Dan, Rosemary Luff (Clare Hall College, Cambridge) and Charles Turner (Open University).
Following this colloquium, a project on Documenting Environmental Change was
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established. The project, based at the Centre, enables continued work and dialogue between social and natural scientists engaged in environmental history or forms of historical ecology. An extensive and growing database of work in these fields has been set up, along with a website to disseminate news and information, and encourage co- operation and new research projects (www.kings.cam.ac.uk/histecon/envdoc). There are now details of around 200 researchers and projects on the site, from the following countries: Australia, Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Canada; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; India; Italy; Japan; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Portugal; Russia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; U.K.; U.S.A.; Vietnam; Yugoslavia; and Zambia. The level of users currently stands at around 200 ‘hits’ from unique locations per month, with larger numbers coming from the U.S.A., U.K., Australia, Sweden and Germany, but also from places such as Taiwan, South Africa, Mexico and Brazil. This now provides a unique international resource for scholars. The work is coordinated by Paul Warde.
A round-table meeting on Environmental Security took place at Trinity College, Cambridge on 7 February 2000. Participants included Ike Achebe (Trinity College, Cambridge), Harriet Bulkeley (St Catharine’s College, Cambridge), Susan Owens (Newnham College, Cambridge), Emma Rothschild, Susan Sechler, and Paul Warde (Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge).
A two-day colloquium was held in King’s College, Cambridge 31 March - 1 April 2001, on Commonland in Western Europe, organised by Paul Warde and Leigh Shaw-Taylor (Jesus College, Cambridge). This meeting involved comparative discussions and the presentation of papers from scholars from England, Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. Papers were presented on the following topics: Peter Hoppenbrouwers (University of Amsterdam): The Netherlands; Stefan Brakensiek (University of Bielefeld): Germany; Kerstin Sundberg (University of Lund): Sweden; and Angus Winchester (University of Lancaster): Northern England. Other participants included Jacques Beauroy (Cambridge Group - CNRS Paris), Heather Falvey (University of Warwick), Martina de Moor (University of Gent), Erik Thoen (University of Gent), and Nadine Vivier (University of Maine-Le Mans).
The meeting will form the basis for a book, The Management of Commonland in North- west Europe c.1500-1850 (eds. M. de Moor, L. Shaw-Taylor, P. Warde) to appear in 2002. The work developed out of this meeting and network was presented in Paris in October 2001. There are plans to organise another meeting in Cambridge in 2002 focussing on the relationships between common land, poor relief and social exclusion.
Globalization in Historical Perspective
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The Centre invited James Wolfensohn, President of the World Bank, to give a paper in Cambridge under the auspices of its political security programme. The talk, entitled A New Framework for Development, took place at Trinity College, Cambridge on 4 March 1999, and was chaired by Amartya Sen. The lecture was attended by several policy- makers, as well as academics and students from Cambridge and other universities. Guests included Mary Robinson (UN High Commissioner for Human Rights), David Archer (Action Aid), Mats Karlsson (State Secretary for International Development Cooperation, Sweden), Penina Mlama (Forum For African Women Educationalists - FAWE), Alastair Newton (Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK), Steve Packer (Department for International Development, UK), Lisbet Palme (Swedish Committee for UNICEF/OAU Panel Investigating the Genocide in Rwanda), and Cream Wright (Commonwealth Secretariat, UK).
In 1999 there was an international conference on the Peculiarities of the British Economic Experience, held in July at King’s College, Cambridge. There were four sessions: Foreign Observers, Free Trade and Protection, Fiscal Policy, and Empire. Presentations were made by Peter Cain (Sheffield Hallam University), Martin Daunton (Churchill College, Cambridge), Anthony Howe (London School of Economics), Patrick O’Brien (Institute of Historical Research, University of London), George Peden (University of Stirling), Emma Rothschild, Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey (London School of Economics), James Thompson (King’s College, Cambridge), Frank Trentmann (Princeton University) and Donald Winch (University of Sussex).
As an introduction to new work on political security and globalization, the Centre organised a one day roundtable discussion on Knowledge and Multilateral Interventions, which was held on 12 July 1999, at Trinity College, Cambridge. The purpose of the meeting was to examine the UN’s use of information in the Bosnia and Cambodia operations, and possible lessons for present ‘interventions’.
A one day colloquium on European Monetary Unification, organised by Dr. Luca Einaudi, was held at King's College on 24 September, 1999. The aim of the colloquium was to discuss monetary integration of Europe in the 1860s and 1870s, looking specifically at the Latin Monetary Union. The politics of monetary union was explored on the basis of papers which use new archival resources in England and France. The position of enthusiastic and reluctant new candidates to join the existing union after its formation was also considered, with particular emphasis on the British and German internal debate. Participants included Marc Flandreau (CNRS, Paris), Anatole Kaletsky (The Times), and Jonathan Steinberg (Trinity Hall, Cambridge).
The Centre arranged a one day colloquium, organised by Dr Becky Conekin, on Exhibiting Britain, held at King's College, Cambridge in November 1999. The aim was to discuss the Great Exhibition of 1851, the Festival of Britain, 1951 and the Millennium exhibitions in a historical, comparative context. A paper by Becky Conekin (London College of Fashion) presented the Festival of Britain as a Labour-led project, which drew on invented traditions and a sense of ancient ancestry. There were also presentations by Max Jones (Peterhouse), on historians, national identity and heroes in early twentieth century Britain; Tony Swift (Essex) on the Great Exhibition of 1851; and Brigitte Vogel, co-curator of the „Unity, Justice and Freedom': The Germans 1949-1999 exhibition, presently at the German Historical Museum, Berlin. The day concluded with a panel discussion of issues of national identity and commemoration, past, present and future.
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A meeting on Globalization in World History, organised by Tony Hopkins (Pembroke College, Cambridge), Dr John Lonsdale (Trinity College, Cambridge) and Dr Christopher Bayly (St Catharine's College, Cambridge), took place on 3 June 2000 at King's College, Cambridge. The meeting opened with an introductory paper by Tony Hopkins entitled The History of Globalization - and the Globalization of History. The first session, on the 18th Century, heard papers by Christopher Bayly, 'Archaic' and 'modern' globalization in the Eurasian and African arena, c. 1750-1850, Richard Drayton (University of Virginia): Putting the World to Work: Slaves, Empires and the Collaboration of Land and Labour, 1500-2000, and Tony Ballantyne (University of Illinios): Imperialism and the globalization of knowledge: the British case. Papers presented during the session on the 19th Century included those by Tim Harper (Magdalene College, Cambridge): Globalism, diaspora and empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, Amira Bennison (Cambridge): Western Globalization versus Muslim Universalism: Interactions since 1850, and Dimitris Livanios (Cambridge): 'Conquering the Souls': Nationalism, Religion and Violence in the Balkans during the 'Long 19th Century', c. 1774 - c. 1913. The final session, on the 20th Century, brought together presentations from John Lonsdale: Globalization, Ethnicity and Democracy: a view from „the hopeless continent', David Reynolds (Cambridge): American Globalism: Mass, Motion and the Multiplier Effect, Hans Van de Ven (Cambridge): Globalization in late Qing and early Republican China: continuities and discontinuities with the present, and Tony Hopkins: Globalization With and Without Empires: The Balinese and the Innu. Other participants included David Held (London School of Economics), Charles Jones (Wolfson College, Cambridge), Michael Kitson (St Catharine's College, Cambridge), Emma Rothschild, and David Washbrook (St Antony's College, Oxford).
Challenges to Democratic Politics
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In September 2000 the Centre inaugurated a three-year programme on Challenges to Democratic Politics in the 21st Century, co-ordinated by Melissa Lane and Richard Tuck. It is based jointly at Harvard and Cambridge Universities. It will study the discrepancy in the last fifty years between the respect publicly accorded to the principles of democratic politics in all parts of the modern world and the actual practice of many developed industrial nations. During the post-war period, much of the most important political decision-making in such countries seems to have been transferred to institutions which are not straightforwardly under democratic control.
The initial meeting in the programme was held at Harvard on 16 September 2000, attended by Melissa Lane, Richard Tuck (Harvard University), Emma Rothschild, Peter Hall (Harvard University), Istvan Hont (Cambridge University), Pratap Mehta (Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi / Harvard University), Andrew Moravcsik (Harvard University), Pasquale Pasquino (New York University) and Anne-Marie Slaughter (Harvard University). A series of seminars were planned, and each year there will be two small conferences focussing on important aspects of the subject.
A further meeting was held at King’s College on 23rd February 2001. Participants included Joshua Cohen (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Ross Harrison (King’s College, Cambridge), David Held (London School of Economics), Istvan Hont (King’s College, Cambridge), Emma Rothschild, David Runciman (Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Cambridge), Gareth Stedman Jones (Centre for History and Economics), Helen Thompson (Clare College, Cambridge), and Richard Tuck. Discussion was lively, using Helen Thompson's research on the European Central Bank as a springboard to discuss fundamental questions of sovereignty and accountability.
The conference on ‘The new Philanthropy and its Significance for International Institutions: the Case of Health’, organised by Melissa Lane, was held on 5-6 July 2001 in St Catherine’s College, Cambridge. Participants included Lincoln Chen (Rockefeller Foundation), Joshua Cohen, Helen Epstein, Tim Evans (Rockefeller Foundation), Pratap Mehta, Emma Rothschild, Carl Tham (Olof Palme International Center) and Richard Tuck. Background papers for the conference were: Melissa Lane: Global Health and Global Philanthropy: Issues for Democratic Theory; Lincoln Chen and Tim Evans: Public Private Partnerships in Global Health; Lincoln Chen and Helen Epstein: AIDS in Africa: Globalization=s Achilles Heel, and Sunil Amrith (Christ’s College, Cambridge): The Crisis of Public Institutions in sub-Saharan Africa.
In January 2002, a meeting was organised by Melissa Lane on Agency, Accountability and Obligations of Corporations in King’s College, Cambridge. There were sessions on Corporations as artificial persons and Popular acceptability and accountability of actions by corporations and their interlocutors. Participants included Mark Bovens (Utrecht School of Governance), Simon Deakin (Judge Institute of Management, Cambridge), Martin Dixon (Queen’s College, Cambridge), David Howarth (Clare College, Cambridge), Emma Rothschild, David Runciman (Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Cambridge) and Gareth Stedman Jones.
Church and State
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This project, coordinated by Gareth Stedman Jones, is concerned with the historical and comparative perspectives on fundamentalist religious groups which have posed political problems in many different kinds of states.
In July 1993, Miri Rubin (Pembroke College, Oxford) and David Feldman (University of Bristol) organised a meeting on Anti-Semitism Through History. This was held in King’s College, Cambridge, and the aim of the meeting was to promote debate on the history of anti-Semitism and on different theoretical perspectives on the phenomenon. In particular, the meeting focused on the problem of continuities and discontinuities in the history of anti-Semitism. The papers presented were: Zygmunt Bauman (University of Leeds): Theories of Anti-Semitism; Pierre Birnbaum (Institut d’Etudes Politiques, Paris): Jews and the Building of the Nation State; Martin Goodman (Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies): Hostility to Religion or Race? Pagan and Christian Anti- Judaism in the Roman Empire; Bob Moore (University of Sheffield): The Birth of European Anti-Semitism; Jonathan Steinberg (Trinity Hall, Cambridge): Nazi Genocide, Popular Anti-Semitism and the Attack on the Soviet Union 1941; and Deborah Hertz (State University of New York): Left Anti-Semitism in Berlin, 1814-1819. A report on the meeting was produced by David Feldman and Miri Rubin.
[not sure where this paragraph should go]. In April 1994 the Centre held a major conference on The Work of Jacques Le Goff and the Challenges of Medieval History. The colloquium was organised by Miri Rubin and was held at King’s College, Cambridge. There were sessions on: Money, Exchange and the Culture of Reason; Religion, Heterodoxy and Popular Culture; Le Goff, Annales and National Historical Traditions; Learning and the Challenge of Religious Perfection; Royalty and its Mystique; The Body: Human and Politic; Le Goff and Medieval History in Central and Eastern Europe; and Le Goff, Annales and the Future. Participants included David Abulafia (Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge), Peter Burke (Emmanuel College, Cambridge), Jacques Le Goff (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris), Peter Jones (King’s College, Cambridge), Peter Mathias (Downing College, Cambridge), Emma Rothschild and Jean-Claude Schmitt. The main research from the meeting was later published as a book (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris).
In Michaelmas 1997 Gareth Stedman Jones gave a series of lectures entitled Before God Died: Enlightenment, Revolution and the Genesis of the Socialist Utopia at Oxford University. The following lectures were presented: 1789-1989: A new history of the rise and fall of the socialist utopia (13 October 1997), How to end the revolution?: Dechristianisation, the search for a new „spiritual power‟ and the genesis of „socialism‟ in France (20 October 1997), Millennium and Enlightenment: Robert Owen‟s „Second Coming of the Truth‟ (27 October 1997), Science and providence: the cosmology of socialism from Fourier to Engels (3 November 1997) and The invention of socialist politics: the strange marriage of „spiritual power‟ and the ancient republicanism (17 November 1997). [The lectures will in due course be published in an edited volume].
As part of this programme, a two-day meeting on ‘Religion and State-Jews in Europe before the Enlightenment’ was organised by Miri Rubin (Queen Mary and Westfield College, London) and Ira Katznelson (Columbia University). The meeting was the first in a series of colloquia exploring contemporary problems of the relationship between church and state in historical perspective and was held in King’s College on 23-24 July 2001. The meeting brought together a small number of scholars to probe these issues and
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possibilities for collaboration. Participants included Valentine Daniel (Columbia University), Michael Heyd (Hebrew University), David Nirenberg (The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland), Lee Palmer Wandel (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Ronnie Po-chia Hsia (New York University), Marc Saperstein (George Washington University), Gareth Stedman Jones and Richard Tuck.
The initial meeting addressed the experiences of Jewish communities in medieval and early modern Europe. This is a body of historical knowledge which hitherto has been only rarely considered by ‘general’ historians, and has had an even smaller impact on the thinking of sociologists and political scientists who frequently turn to the past for inspiration and critique of their theories and models concerning issues of ethnic, religious and racial difference and conflict. Europe's Jews offer a unique focus for the consideration of those problems which still form the centre of reflection for social scientists and historians - the operations of the state as promoter or controller of violence, the possibilities of co-existence between differing religious and ethnic groups, the role of economic activity in forging a public sphere of toleration, the necessity of violence in the making of identities: communal, national, regional.
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Centre Research and Administrative Staff
mma Rothschild is Co-Director of the Centre and a Distinguished Fellow at the E Center for Population and Development Studies at Harvard University. She has been a Fellow of King’s College since 1988. Recent papers include ‘La mondialisation en perspective historique’, in Qu‟est-ce que la culture?, ed. Y. Michaud 2001, ‘Globalization and the Return of History’, Foreign Policy, Summer 1999, ‘An Infinity of Girls: the Political Rights of Children in Historical Perspective’ and ‘Smithianismus and Enlightenment in 19th Century Europe’. A new book, Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment, was published by Harvard University Press in 2001.
areth Stedman Jones has been Co-Director of the Centre since 1991, Professor of G Political Science at the University of Cambridge since 1997, and a Fellow of King’s College since 1974. During the academic year 1999-2000 he wrote an introduction to Marx and Engels’ Communist Manifesto. His current editorial concern is the compilation (together with Professor Greg Claeys) of the 19th century volume of the Cambridge History of Political Thought. He is also preparing the publication of the Carlyle Lectures, delivered in Oxford in 1997, provisionally entitled Before God Died: The Rise and Fall of the Socialist Utopia. He is also one of the editors of the History Workshop Journal.
ans-Joachim Voth joined the Centre in September 1999 as a Research Fellow and H Associate Director of the Centre. He is also a Fellow of Robinson College, and an Assistant Professor in the Economics Department at Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona. His research interests include investment and economic growth; living standards, labour supply and growth in Europe, 1500-1900; and the German interwar economy. Dr Voth pursued two research projects whilst at the Centre: The Seasonality of Baptisms, and Political Stability and Economic Growth - A View from Weimar’s Asset Markets. In 2001, he was one of the first four economists in the UK to win a Philip Leverhulme Prize Fellowship. During the academic year 2001-2002, Dr Voth is a visiting professor at the MIT Economics Department.
avin Alexander worked as tutor for the Studentship Programme in 1993, and was G awarded a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College in the same year.
eith Baker, from Stanford University, was a visitor to the Centre in spring 1994. K
aushik Basu, Director of the Centre for Development Economics at the Delhi School K of Economics, coordinated the Common Security Forum Programme on Nationalism and Communalism from 1993.
arina Bianchi, of the University of Cassino, visited the Centre from November M 1995 to February 1996. She worked on the economics and economic history of consumption.
aran Bilik, from the Institute of Nationalities, Beijing and the Mongolian and Inner N Asia Studies Unit, University of Cambridge, was a visitor to the Centre in 1993- 1994, and worked on language and national identity in Mongolia and China.
ancy Cartwright, from the London School of Economics, visited the Centre in Easter N term, 1996. She is director of the Center for the Philosophy of the Natural and Social Sciences at the London School of Economics.
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incoln Chen, Director of the Center for Population and Development Studies, L Harvard University, has visited at the Centre since 1992.
artha Chen, of Harvard University, visited the Centre in the summer term of 1993. M She worked on widows in India.
ames Cornford joined the Centre in September 1994 on a part-time basis as Senior J Research Coordinator (for the Common Security Forum).
usuke Dan, from Tokai University in Japan, visited the Centre for one year from Y April 1999. He was a Fellow of Clare Hall and a Visiting Fellow of the Centre for History and Economics. Dr Dan specialises in British imperial history, with a special interest in South Africa. He has founded a now thriving association in Japan for British imperial history. He also takes a strong interest in contemporary development policies and has cooperated with the Centre since 1996, in connection with the Common Security Forum research programme. While in England Dr Dan conducted research on historical materials including the Lord Durham papers and Jan Smuts papers.
ean Drèze, from the Delhi School of Economics, has visited the Centre since 1994. Dr J Drèze is a Professor at the Centre for Development Economics at the Delhi School of Economics in India, and a member of the MacArthur Network on Inequality and Poverty in Broader Perspectives. He coordinates the economic and social security project of the Common Security Forum in India. While in Cambridge he has collaborated with Amartya Sen and Mamta Murthi on work connected to the Poverty and Inequality project.
hrystia Freeland coordinated work on nuclear weapons and insecurity in Ukraine in C 1993-1994.
ouglas Galbi, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was Post-Doctoral D Fellow at the Centre between January and June 1994. He worked on child labour in England in the Industrial Revolution., and economic security and conversion.
rik Grimmer, from Nuffield College, Oxford, was appointed Research Assistant in E the programme on the Rise and Fall of Historical Political Economy in the 19th Century in 1996.
aroline Humphrey, Director of the Mongolian and Inner Asia Studies Unit, C coordinated work on security in Inner Asia (Eastern Russia, Western China and Mongolia) in 1993-1994.
atricia Hyndman coordinated work on security and human rights in 1993-1994. P yesha Jalal was based at the Centre in 1993-1994, coordinating work on nationalism A and identity in India and Pakistan.
nanya Kabir joined the Centre as a Research Fellow in 2001, to work as part of the A MacArthur Network on Poverty and Inequality in Broader Perspectives. She has been a Research Fellow at Trinity College since 1997 and in 2001 joined Clare Hall as a Research Fellow. Her research while at the Centre will be concerned with minorities, human rights and literature. She is planning a conference in the academic year 2002-2003
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on antiquarianism and identity.
lizabeth Kendall, was Research Associate at the Centre in 1993-1994. E
tephan Klasen joined the Centre as a Research Fellow in October 1996. In December S 1996, he was elected to a four-year non-stipendiary Research Fellowship at King’s College. He was formerly working for the World Bank in South Africa. Dr Klasen is / was coordinator of the population and consumption project. His research interests include gender bias in mortality in today’s developing countries and 19th century European economic development. He also works on issues of poverty and inequality in South Africa. In 1998 he took up an appointment as Professor at the Ludwig Maximilien Universität in Munich. He continued as Senior Research Associate of the Centre, particularly in connection with the Poverty and Inequality project.
elissa Lane is a Fellow of King's College and first joined the Centre in 1997 as M coordinator of the Common Security Forum programme on disarmament and political thought. She has worked on a range of issues in political philosophy, including questions of security and authority. Her first book was Method and Politics in Plato‟s Statesman (CUP 1998). Plato's Progeny: How Socrates and Plato still captivate the modern mind was published by Duckworth in May 2001. Dr Lane will over the next 2 years be based at the Centre, working on a joint Harvard-Cambridge research project on democracy and human rights together with Richard Tuck. In autumn 2001, she was a visiting fellow at the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University in Canberra.
olf Lepenies, Rector of the Wissenschaftskolleg, Berlin, visited the Centre in the W summer of 1994.
usanne Lohmann was administrative officer / research assistant from 2000-2001. S
nne Malcolm, co-ordinator (1993) and was Editorial Associate (1995?). A
eil de Marchi, from Duke University, visited the Centre from November 1995 to N February 1996. He worked on the economics and economic history of consumption.
nga Huld Markan joined the Centre as Editorial Associate / Administrative Officer in I June 1998. Prior to joining the Centre, she worked for eight years for Chadwyck- Healey Ltd, a Cambridge-based academic publisher of electronic full-text databases.
atherine Merridale first worked at the Centre in 1993 as a senior editorial adviser for C work on Russia, and she later joined the Centre in October 1996 on a two year research leave from Bristol University. For this period she was a Fellow of Robinson College, and coordinator of the Common Security Forum project in Russia. Her research is on death and mourning in Soviet Russia. She returned to her post at Bristol in 1998, and completed her book Night of Stone on Death, Mourning and Memory in 20th Century Russia, 1890-1991. She continues to work with the Common Security Forum in connection with the Russia programme.
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amta Murthi joined the Centre in October 1998 as a Research Fellow in connection M with the project on Poverty and Inequality, and she is a Fellow of Clare Hall. Dr Murthi was a lecturer in the School of Social Sciences at the University of Sussex since 1991, but since 1995 had been on extended leave of absence while working as a staff economist at the World Bank in Washington. Her fields of specialisation are development economics, applied econometrics, poverty, targeting, demography, human capital and regional studies in the Soviet Union; her research interests include poverty and social policy. While at the Centre Dr Murthi worked on the recent economic demography of India.
hant Myint-U was affiliated with the Centre from 1998-2000 as a Research Associate T in connection with the Common Security Forum programme, when he worked on knowledge and multilateral interventions. Dr Myint-U was a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge from 1995, and also worked for the United Nations as a spokesman in Cambodia and the former Yugoslavia. In January 1999 he joined the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) in Stockholm. He is now a member of the policy development unit within the Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) at the UN in New York, and is responsible for looking at a wide range of issues related to humanitarian interventions and post-conflict ‘peace building’ initiatives.
ylvia Nasar, from Columbia University, is a visiting scholar at the Centre in the S academic year 2001-2002. She is a former New York Times economics reporter and is Columbia’s first John S. and James L. Knight Professor of Business and Economics Reporting. Her book, A Beautiful Mind (Faber & Faber, 1998), a biography of the mathematician John Nash, won the 1998 National Book Critics Circle Award for biography, and has recently been released as a film. She is currently working on a book about 20th century economic thinkers. She visited the Centre in November 2001, and will be visiting again in Lent Term 2002.
heilagh Ogilvie, Fellow of Trinity College, worked at the Centre in 1994 in S connection with the Population and Security Project.
eborah Oxley, of the University of Melbourne, visited the Centre in 1993. She D worked on women’s standard of living in the 19th century.
go Pagano, of the University of Siena, visited the Centre in 1992-1993. He worked U on the problem of economic nationalism.
ergei Panarin, from the Russian Academy of Sciences, was a visitor to the Centre in S the spring of 1994. He coordinated work on Russia and nationalism and security.
sha Patel joined the Centre as administrative officer from 1993 until 1998. A
arlo Poni of the University of Bologna spent three months at the Centre in 1993 C working on the technical organisation of production in early modern Europe.
my Price joined the Centre as an Administrative Officer / Research Associate in A May 1998. She received her PhD in Philosophy from University College London in 1997. Before joining the Centre, Amy was a supervisor in the Philosophy Faculty at
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Cambridge and has also lectured on philosophical aesthetics at the Faculty.
oberto Romani started as a Research Fellow at the Centre in (1995?) and was also a R Fellow at Darwin College. He was previously based in the Department of Economics at the University of Pisa and received his PhD from the University of Florence. His research interests include the history of economic ideas, nationalism and national identity, and Italian cultural history. He returned to Italy in November 1998 after completing his Leverhulme Research Fellowship at Darwin College, and finished his book on Liberty and Civicness: A History of National Character c1750-1914.
aul Seabright, from Churchill College, Cambridge, was a visitor at the Centre from P October 1993-1994, working on the economic theory of competition and supervising students associated with the Centre.
eena Singh joined the Centre as a full-time Fellow in December 1993. In 1995 she M worked on Refugees and Migration in Southern Africa. She was elected to a three year non-stipendiary Research Fellowship at Clare Hall in October 1996. She is coordinator of the CSF project on environmental security, and in 1996 initiated a research programme to examine the impact of environmentally displaced people in Southern Africa. Dr Singh is on the editorial board of the African Journal on Conflict Resolution and is a member of the Academic Reference Team of SARIPS (Southern African Regional Institute for Policy Studies).
oala Skinner joined the Centre as Research Associate in 1994. In 1996 she began a N one year research project on the military utility of landmines. The project was concerned with the comparative study of the military effectiveness of landmines in battle and their peripheral and post-conflict impact, and will draw evidence from several case studies including India and Pakistan. In October 1998 she joined UNICEF for six months, based in Geneva at UNICEF’s regional office for Europe, to work on basic education. She continued to coordinate the CSF programmes on children and security.
adhura Swaminathan, from the Indira Gandhi Institute, Bombay, visited the Centre M in spring 1994.
dam Tooze joined the centre in October 1995 in connection with the Economic A Security programme, and as a Fellow of Robinson College. In 1996 he was appointed University Assistant Lecturer in Economic History in the History Faculty, and he continued to be associated with the Centre as a Faculty Associate, and in connection with the Economic Security and Historical Political Economy research programmes. He is now a Fellow of Jesus College.
ichard Tuck is coordinating the joint Harvard-Cambridge research project on R democracy and human rights together with Melissa Lane. He is Professor at the Harvard University Government Department. His works include Natural Rights Theories (1979), Hobbes (1989), and Philosophy and Government, 1572-1651 (1993). They address a variety of topics including political authority, human rights, natural law, and toleration, and focus on a number of thinkers including Hobbes, Grotius, Selden, and Descartes. His current work deals with political thought and international law, and traces the history of thought about international politics from Grotius, Hobbes, Pufendorf, Locke, and Vattel, to Kant. He is also engaged in a work on the origins of twentieth century economic thought.
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aul Warde began in 2000 as Research Associate and coordinator with Meena Singh of P the project of Documenting Environmental Change. He is a Lecturer in History at Pembroke College. He is currently engaged in research on the peasant economy and resource management in early modern Germany, running a website to encourage interdisciplinary links and communication in the field of environmental change during the historical period. In 2001 he organised a colloquium in King’s on the management of common land in Europe during the early modern period. The resultant volume ‘The management of common land in North West Europe ca. 1500-1850’ is co-edited by Dr Warde and to be published by Brepols in 2002. He is online Book Review Editor for the European Society for Environmental Research.
lexei Vosskresensky, of the Institute for Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of A Sciences, was a short-term visitor at the Centre in 1992-1993.
tefano Zamagni and Vera Zamagni, from the University of Bologna, visited the S Centre in the summer of 1993.
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Students
Prize Students
In the autumn of 1991, the Centre inaugurated a programme of Prize Studentships to enable prospective PhD students in either history or economics to spend a year training themselves in the other discipline, in preparation for PhD research on a topic crossing the disciplinary boundaries of economics and history (or related subjects such as social and political science, or anthropology). The acute scarcity of government funding for PhD research in Britain has in recent years made it extremely difficult for students to take the time required to tackle these more complex, interdisciplinary projects, and it is hoped that through these Studentships, the Centre can encourage gifted young scholars to pursue research in history and economics. The recipients of the Studentships are enrolled as non- degree students of the University of Cambridge and pursue a regular, individually supervised course of study under the guidance of the Centre for History and Economics.
A selection committee meets each year to award the Studentships. Applications are usually received from several different countries.
From 1991-1998 (?) the Centre provided full financial support for two students to complete a year’s MPhil course. In 1998, the Prize Studentship was altered to a greater number of smaller awards, to encourage a increased number of young scholars at the Centre.
anya Schwarz was elected to the history and economics studentship programme in T 1992-1993. Her research programme was on economic practices and beliefs in the Amazon. In 1993, she began a PhD on Ethiopian Jews in Israel, funded by the ESRC in the Department of Social Anthropology at the London School of Economics. Her fieldwork involved living with an Ethiopian family in Israel for eighteen months and she spent two months in Ethiopian villages. Her PhD, entitled Becoming Deaf in the Homeland: Ethiopian Jewish Immigrants in Israel, was submitted in 1998.
tephen Martin was selected for the history and economics studentship programme in S 1993-1994. His research was on economic change in nineteenth century Peru. He received PhD funding from the British Academy, and he spent the following academic year carrying out field work in Lima. He intermitted in 1996-1997, to work in the employment services industry.
ianna Farber was selected for the history and economics studentship programme in L 1993-1994. Her research was on ideas of value and exchange in Medieval England. Lianna returned to the Centre in the Lent and Easter terms of 1996 as an affiliated student. She completed her PhD at Harvard University, and is now Assistant Professor at Vassar College.
uca Einaudi was selected for the history and economics studentship programme in L 1994-1995. He completed his PhD on ‘Money and Politics: European Monetary Unification and the International Gold Standard, 1865-1873’ in 1998. He was supervised by Emma Rothschild. His thesis was published by Oxford University Press in 2001 under the title of Money and Politics. His article ‘From the Franc to the "Europe": Great Britain, Germany and the attempted transformation of the Latin Monetary Union into a European Monetary Union’, published as a Centre working paper in 1998, was published in the
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Economic History Review (Vol 53, No 2, 2000). He now works as an economic adviser to the Prime Minister of Italy.
ebecca Keane was selected for the history and economics studentship programme in R 1994-1995. She submitted a long essay on Hopes for Harmony from the Age of Enlightenment to the Age of Industry: Changing Visions of Market and State. In 1995 she began a PhD programme in Social and Political Sciences, supervised by Gareth Stedman Jones. She intermitted in the second year to work in television production and script editing.
avid Palfrey was selected for the history and economics studentship programme in D 1994-1995. His research was on Austrian economics. In 1995 he began a PhD on a part-time basis at the Centre for the Philosophy of Natural and Social Sciences at the London School of Economics, working with Nancy Cartwright.
arianna Vintiadis was selected for the history and economics studentship M programme in 1994-1995, funded by the Einaudi Foundation. As part of her studentship research, Marianna submitted an essay on Veblen and Consumption: a study of the impact of the theory of the leisure class on theories of consumer demand. She went on to follow a PhD programme in Social and Political Sciences, supervised by John Dunn.
chille Puggioni was selected for the history and economics studentship programme A in 1995-1996, funded by the Einaudi Foundation. His PhD is on the work of R.H. Coase and the economics of non-profit organizations, and he submitted a long essay on The Young Coase: Socialism and Accounting. In August 1996, he returned to the University of Florence, where he completed his PhD.
aul Warde was selected for the History and Economics programme in 1995-1996, P funded by Economic and Social Research Council. Mr. Warde submitted a long essay on Wood Use and the Organisation of Space and Time in Early Modern Germany. His research is on the social and economic history of the German timber industry in the period 1450-1650, and he has travelled to Stuttgart, carrying out archival research. He is now Director of Studies for History at Pembroke College and a Research Associate at the Centre.
ulia Hoggett was selected for the history and economics studentship programme in J 1996-1997. She carried out research on energy issues in Sub-Saharan Africa with particular reference to Malawi. She did fieldwork in Malawi in the spring of 1997, and went on to work as a financial analyst on developing markets.
rek Kizilbash was selected for the history and economics studentship programme in A 1996-1997. His PhD programme was in history, working on Polish nineteenth century industrial development. He spent 1997-1998 in Poland and Russia carrying out archival research, and received an ESRC award for his work on Polish Economic Development in the Nineteenth Century.
nne Marks was selected for the history and economics studentship programme in A 1996-1997. Her research was on the economics of agricultural services in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. She presented a paper on The Economics of Agricultural Service at a seminar organised by the Cambridge Population Group in April 1997. She has now returned to Princeton to work on her PhD.
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ernhard Fulda was a prize student in the year 1998-1999, and completed his MPhil B with a thesis on scandals in the press of the Weimar Republic. He is now continuing his research for a PhD on ‘The German Press 1914-1934’, with a Benefactors’ Scholarship from St John’s College and under the supervision of Professor Richard J. Evans. His research will analyse the interrelation between mass culture and the decline of the political press. He has recently been awarded a four year research fellowship at Gonville and Caius.
hris Beauchamp, prize student 1999-2000, completed the one-year Economic and C Social History MPhil course in 2000. His MPhil thesis was on ‘Consumer Sovereignty and Consumer Protection in Britain, 1945-1965’. He will continue his research, supervised by Martin Daunton, and he is pursuing a PhD on the politics of the consumer interest in Britain and the United States during the early 20th century.
ally Brierley, prize student, 1999-2000, completed the MPhil in Economic and Social S History this year. Her thesis was on ‘Civic Numeracy in Britain, 1780-1850’. She continues to work on the relationship between British governments and domestic capital markets in the mid and late 18th century. Her PhD supervisor is Martin Daunton.
alf Richter, prize student, 2000-2001, was also awarded a prize research grant. He R studied History and Philosophy at the Freie Universität, Berlin. His research focused on change and continuity of work during the British occupation period at the Volkswagen company. Ralf has now returned to Berlin, where he is working in the Communications Department of the Volkswagen company. He has plans to return to his studies this year to do a PhD.
att Inniss, prize student, 2000-2001 was awarded one of the Centre’s prize research M grants. For his thesis he examined the formulation and adaptation of economic policies and the ideology of economic growth in an international framework. Matt now works in the policy department of the Treasury.
unil Amrith, prize student 2001-2002, Christ's College, is studying the history of the S World Health Organisation, and the economic history of public health. He is supervised by Emma Rothschild.
atrick Driscoll, prize student 2001-2002, Christ's College, studies the emergence of P politeness as an ideal in the early 18th century. His supervisor is Lawrence Klein.
ichael Edwards, prize student 2001-2002, Gonville and Caius College, is working M on time in the thought of Thomas Hobbes. He also studies the early modern theories of the passions. His supervisor is Annabel Brett.
ichael Finn, prize student 2001-2002, Magdalene College,is working towards a M thesis on Negotiating class: cultural projects in East London, 1870-1914. His supervisor is Gareth Stedman Jones.
saac Nakhimovsky, prize student 2001-2002, King’s College, is working on the history I of 18th century thought in France and Britain and in particular the Abbé de Saint Pierre's Projet Pour Rendre La Paix Perpétuelle en Europe. His supervisor is Michael Sonenscher.
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abriel Paquette, prize student 2001-2002, Trinity College, studies the reaction of G Western European thinkers to the national independence movements in Spanish America after 1783, and the impact of the late Enlightenment on political thought in the Americas. His supervisor is Emma Rothschild.
obert Wiygul, prize student 2001-2002, St John's College, is working on Carl R Schmitt and the Frankfurt School’s critiques of liberalism. His supervisor is David Runciman.
Affiliated Students
avin Alexander was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1992-1993. He was later G personal tutor for history and economics students. He worked on William Godwin and Adam Smith.
radyn Bulag was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1992-1993. He completed a U PhD in social anthropology, supervised by Caroline Humphrey, on nationalism in Mongolia. He went on to be a Research Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
rina Haque was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1992-1994, working on the T WIDER programme on development and security. She completed her PhD on corruption and industrial development in Bangladesh, and went on to work at the World Bank in Washington, DC.
ohn Shaw was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1992, working on a PhD on J associations and civil society in eighteenth century Britain, supervised by Gareth Stedman Jones. He went on to work as a Lecturer in History at Goldsmith's College, University of London.
imon Cook was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1993-1994, working on a PhD on S Alfred Marshall.
rik Grimmer was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1993-1994. He completed a E PhD on Gustav Schmoller and the German Historical School of Economics at Nuffield College, Oxford, supervised by Avner Offer. Since 1995, Erik Grimmer worked at the Centre on a part-time basis as a research assistant in connection with the research programme on nineteenth century historical political economy. He went on to work at the University of Chicago.
anjay Reddy was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1993-1994. He wrote an MPhil S dissertation on risk. He went on to complete a PhD in economics at Harvard, and has since worked for UNDP and UNICEF, and then to work at Barnard College, Columbia University.
arriet Bulkeley was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1994-1995. She completed H her PhD in the Geography Department, supervised by Susan Owens, where her research was on climate change and environmental policy. She is now a research fellow at
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St Catharine’s College, Cambridge.
aurizio Isabella was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1994-1995. He went on to M a PhD in history, supervised by Derek Beales, and submitted his thesis on the economic thought of Giuseppe Pecchio and early nineteenth century internationalism.
riya Iyer was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1994-1995. She continued her work S with a PhD in economics, supervised by Sheilagh Ogilvie, studying the economics of population in developing countries.
ennifer Daskal was an affiliated student in the history and economics programme in J 1995-1996, as a Marshall scholar studying economics. Her research at the Centre was on the impact of economic sanctions in Haiti and she spent the summer of 1995 working in Haiti. Jennifer submitted a long essay on Economic Genocide? Sanctions in Haiti, and returned to the United States in the summer of 1996 to work in the Executive Offices of the Council of Economic Advisers, Washington, DC and later at the National Journal covering lobby groups and the Congressional elections. She then went on to study law at Yale.
avid Craig was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1996-1997, and went on to a D PhD, funded by the British Academy. His research was on Robert Southey and English conservatism in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, supervised by Gareth Stedman Jones. He went on to work at Durham University.
ama Mani was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1996-1997. She went on to R complete her PhD on peace-building and the rule of law, supervised by Jim Whitman. In September 1997, she organised a seminar on the Rule of Law at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies.
ames Thompson was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1996-1997. He completed J his PhD ‘Rethinking Public Opinion in Late Nineteenth Century Britain’, which was supervised by Peter Clarke. He went on to be a Research Fellow at Jesus College, Cambridge.
aul Readman was selected as an affiliated student for the history and economics P studentship programme in October 1997. He also began a one year MPhil programme in historical studies, funded by the British Academy. His research was on British patriotism and politics and the General Election of 1900.
amantha Gibson was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1997. She completed her S PhD at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, working on political conditionality in Africa. She now works for the Department for International Development in Zambia.
wasi Kwarteng was selected as an affiliated student for the history and economics K studentship programme in 1997-1998. He worked on a PhD in history, on monetary policy in late seventeenth century England, supervised by Istvan Hont.
elen Ward was an affiliated student at the Centre in 1997. She submitted a PhD in H social anthropology entitled Worth its Weight: Women, Gold and Value in Rajasthan, supervised by Caroline Humphrey.
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agnus Marsden, affiliated from 1999, is working on a PhD in Social Anthropology M on Islamic fundamentalism. He is supervised by Susan Bayly. He is currently doing fieldwork near the North Western frontier of Pakistan.
eoffrey Silver was an affiliated student in 1999-2000 while taking the MPhil in G Historical Studies. His dissertation was on Patronage and the British Music Profession, 1930-1945.
ke Achebe was affiliated in 1999-2000, and worked on Earth Priests, Warrant Chiefs I and the Women’s War of 1929.
abriel Sanchez was an affiliated student in 1999-2000, and took the MPhil in G European Studies. His dissertation was on Great Britain and the Spanish Revolution 1865-1875: Public Opinion, Commerce, and European Stability, and he was supervised by Emma Rothschild.
aitlin Anderson is an affiliated student in 2000-2001. She is working on Allegiance, C Citizenship and Migration in the Anglo-American World 1783-1870, and is supervised by Emma Rothschild.
lorian Schui was affiliated to the Centre in 2000-2001. His topic of research is F Voltaire’s views on economic development, and he is supervised by Emma Rothschild.
avid Todd is an affiliated student at the Centre in 2001-2002. He is supervised by D Emma Rothschild, and works on Free Trade and Protection Debates in France 1815- 1848.
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Colloquia
31 October 1992 A meeting on The ‘92 Election and the Future of British Politics was held at King’s College, Cambridge. The meeting was organised by Jon Lawrence and Gareth Stedman Jones.
28 May 1993 Nations, States, and the End of Empires colloquium was held at King’s College, Cambridge, organised by Emma Rothschild. Papers included Reinventing the Austro-Hungarian Empire? Karl Renner Otto Bauer and the Idea of the Multinational State by Nick Stargardt and Economic Internationalism in the 1790s by Emma Rothschild.
25 June 1993 A Nationalism and Religion colloquium at King’s College, Cambridge, was organised in cooperation with the Commission on Global Governance (CGG). Discussions were led by Ayesha Jalal on South Asia, Caroline Humphrey on East Asia and Wangari Matthai on Africa.
6 July 1993 A colloquium, Antisemitism Through History was organised by David Feldman and Miri Rubin and held at King’s College, Cambridge. Papers were presented by Pierre Birnbaum, Zygmunt Bauman, Deborah Hertz, Martin Goodman and Jonathan Steinberg.
26 July 1993 The third in a series of meetings organised on nuclear weapons, was held at King’s College, Cambridge on the 30th anniversary of the Partial Test Ban Treaty, and was organised by Martin Rees and Emma Rothschild.
29 August 1993 A Democracy and International Economic Institutions colloquium was held jointly with the CGG, at King’s College, Cambridge. A paper on Good Government was presented by Geoffrey Hawthorn and Paul Seabright.
7 March 1994 A Nationalism and Commercialization in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia colloquium was held at the Centre for History and Economics. The meeting was organised by Naran Bilik and Uradyn Bulag.
6-8 April 1994 A conference was held at King’s College, Cambridge on The Work of Jacques Le Goff and the Challenges of Medieval History, organised by Miri Rubin.
27 April 1994 Why Aren't Universal Banks Universal? Colloquium held at King’s College, Cambridge. The meeting was organised by Sandeep Baliga and Emma Rothschild.
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7 May 1994 A colloquium on Rewriting Russian History, organised by Catherine Merridale, was held at King’s College, Cambridge.
18-19 June 1994 A two-day workshop held at King’s College, Cambridge, entitled South Asia: Towards an Agenda for a Better Future was organised by Ayesha Jalal. Participants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh attended the meeting.
5-7 July 1994 A two day conference on Skills and Training was organised by Paul Ryan . The meeting was held at King’s College, Cambridge.
17-19 February 1995 A meeting on Population and Security was held at King's College, Cambridge with the aim of bringing together academics and policymakers to share expertise on the relationship between demographic developments and social, political and economic security. The meeting provided a forum for a wide-ranging discussion of the security implications of many aspects of demographic behaviour including fertility, mortality and migration. Speakers included Alaka Basu, Geoffrey McNicoll, Catherine Merridale, Amartya Sen and Anthony Wrigley.
16 December 1995 A colloquium was held at the Centre for History and Economics on History and Identity. This was organised by Catherine Merridale and speakers included Ayesha Jalal, Emmanuel Sivan and Jay Winter.
1 June 1996 A colloquium was held at the Centre for History and Economics, Reasoning About Demilitarization: A Spectrum of Approaches. This was organised by Melissa Lane and speakers included Rolf Ekéus, Mary Kaldor and Julian Perry Robinson.
18 December 1996 Noala Skinner organised a small roundtable meeting at King’s College, Cambridge on The Military Utility of Landmines. Participants included Sir Hugh Beach, Peter Herby, Ambassador Johan Molander and Emma Rothschild.
June 1997 The second Advisory Committee planning meeting took place in Cambridge. One of the principal organisers from the Nordic Africa Institute, Adebayo Olukoshi, attended the meeting at which three of the commissioned paper writers presented the themes of their work for the Forum meeting: Samantha Gibson on Political Conditionality in Kenya, Stephan Klasen on Inequality and Economic Security in South Africa and Rama Mani on Promoting
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the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Societies.
October 1997 The third Advisory Committee planning meeting took place in Cambridge. Kajsa Overgaard represented the Nordic Africa Institute and Alastair Newton of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office also attended. Participants included regular planning committee members: Samantha Gibson, John Grimond, Stephan Klasen, Melissa Lane, Rama Mani, Emma Rothschild and Noala Skinner.
24-25 October 1997 A one and a half day meeting on Population and Consumption was held at King’s College, Cambridge. The meeting was chaired by Robert Solow and brought together academics including James Mirrlees and Amartya Sen, and policymakers including representatives of the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme and the United Kingdom House of Lords.
5 December 1997 A meeting was held on 19th Century Historical Political Economy at King’s College, Cambridge.
24 March 1998 The Centre for History and Economics hosted a meeting in Cambridge on Democracy and Accountability in conjunction with International IDEA. Participants included John Barker, Samantha Gibson, Gareth Stedman Jones, Rama Mani, Emma Rothschild and Bengt Säve Söderbergh.
13 July 1998 As part of the collaboration with UNICEF Geneva, Noala Skinner organised a meeting at the Centre for History and Economics on Basic Education As A Political Issue. Jean Drèze presented the findings of the PROBE study on basic education in India, undertaken as an offshoot of the Economic Security Programme at the Centre for Development Economics at the Delhi School of Economics. Amartya Sen spoke on Basic Education As A Political Issue and other speakers included V.K. Ramachandran and Madhura Swaminathan. The meeting was chaired by Stephen Lewis.
15 July 1998 A colloquium on Trauma was held at King’s College, Cambridge.
2-3 October 1998 A meeting on The Rise and Fall of Historical Political Economy in the 19th Century was held at King’s College, Cambridge.
15 October 1998 The Centre hosted a roundtable discussion on German Politics and the German Economy. Participants included John Grimond, Gareth Stedman Jones, Emma
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Rothschild and Adam Tooze.
13-14 December 1998 The Centre for History and Economics administered a conference on Barter in Post-Socialist Societies, which was held at the Møller Centre, Cambridge. The conference organisers were Caroline Humphrey, Alena Ledeneva and Paul Seabright, and participants included economists, anthropologists and sociologists from Russia, Canada, Germany, UK and USA. Administrative officer Amy Price designed a website for the meeting which can be found at http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/histecon/barter
12 February 1999 A half-day meeting was held on the Rise and Fall of Historical Political Economy in the 19th Century, at King’s College, Cambridge.
19-20 February 1999 Amartya Sen organised a one and a half day meeting at the Centre for History and Economics on Unemployment and Inequality, held at the Master’s Lodge, Trinity College. Participants included Anthony Atkinson, Jean-Paul Fitoussi, Stephan Klasen, Mamta Murthi, Sylvia Nasar, Emma Rothschild and Menachem Yaari.
4 March 1999 As part of the collaboration with UNICEF Geneva, Noala Skinner organised a one day colloquium on Basic Education. Speakers and participants included Mats Karlsson, Penina Mlama, Lisbet Palme, Emma Rothschild, Amartya Sen and Elaine Wolfensohn.
4 March 1999 James D. Wolfensohn, President of the World Bank, gave a Common Security Forum lecture in Cambridge, organised by the Centre for History and Economics on A New Framework for Development. The lecture was introduced by Amartya Sen and there were comments from Mary Robinson, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
8-9 July 1999 A new programme on globalization in historical perspective, was launched with an international conference on the Peculiarities of the British Economic Experience. The meeting was held at King’s College.
12 July 1999 Thant Myint-U organised a meeting at Trinity College on Knowledge and Multilateral Interventions.
15 September 1999 Meena Singh and Paul Warde organised a meeting on Documenting Environmental Change at Clare Hall. They developed an electronic database of researchers and contacts working in relevant fields.
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24 September 1999 A one day colloquium on European Monetary Unification, organised by Dr. Luca Einaudi, was held at King’s College. Participants included Marc Flandreau, Anatole Kaletsky and Jonathan Steinberg.
12 November 1999 Dr Becky Conekin organised a one day colloquium on Exhibiting Britain held at King’s College. There were presentations by Becky Conekin, Max Jones, Tony Swift and Brigitte Vogel, and the day concluded with a panel discussion.
7 February 2000 A round-table meeting on Environmental Security took place at Trinity College, Cambridge. Participants included Ike Achebe, Harriet Bulkeley, Susan Owens, Emma Rothschild, Susan Sechler and Paul Warde.
9 February 2000 A meeting on Human Security was held at Trinity College, Cambridge. Participants included Sudhir Anand, Lincoln Chen, Yusuke Dan, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Thandika Mkandawire, Emma Rothschild, Susan Sechler, and Amartya Sen.
10-11 March 2000 The Centre organised a meeting on Unemployment. The meeting was divided into three sessions: Economic Aspects, Social Aspects and Political Aspects. Speakers included Edmund Phelps, Tony Atkinson, Joakim Palme, Rune Åberg, Philippe van Parijs and Amartya Sen.
25-26 May 2000 A colloquium was held on Fertility Changes in Developing Countries in King’s College, Cambridge. It was organised by Mamta Murthi, Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen.
3 June 2000 A meeting on Globalization in World History, organised by Professor Anthony Hopkins, John Lonsdale and Christopher Bayly took place at King’s College.
2 February 2001 Catherine Merridale organised a workshop on history and history curricula in the former Soviet Union, the Indian Subcontinent and Southern Africa, called Redesigning the Past: Political Transition and the Uses of History. The workshop took place in Trinity College, Cambridge and will be followed up with a full conference in December 2001.
16-17 February 2001 Emma Rothschild and Amartya Sen organised a round - table discussion on Inequality and Unemployment which took place in Trinity College.
23 February 2001 Melissa Lane organised a one-day meeting on
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Challenges to Democratic Politics in the 21st Century. The meeting took place in King’s College, Cambridge, and was a planning meeting for a conference on ‘The new Philanthropy and its Significance for International Institutions: the Case of Health’ held on 5-6 July 2001 in Cambridge.
2-4 March 2001 A three-day conference on The Political Economy of British Economic Experience was organised by Donald Winch and Patrick O’Brien and was held in King’s College. The papers presented at the conference will be published by Oxford University Press in 2002.
31 March- 1 April 2001 Paul Warde together with Leigh Shaw-Taylor organised a two-day colloquium on The Management of Commonland in Western Europe 1500-1800, supported by the Centre. The meeting took place in King’s College, Cambridge, and the papers will be published as a volume in the CORN publications series in 2002.
4 July 2001 A one-day meeting was held at Trinity College, Cambridge, to discuss the Barker Hypothesis and the fetal origins of adult disease. The meeting was organised by Amartya Sen. Participants included David Barker, Lord Desai, Richard Jolly and Siddiq Osmani.
5-6 July 2001 A two-day conference was held on The New Philanthropy and its Significance for International Institutions: The Case of Health at St. Catherine’s College, Cambridge. The meeting was organised by Melissa Lane and Richard Tuck, and was held as part of the Challenges to Democratic Politics programme. Participants included Lincoln Chen, Joshua Cohen, Thandika Mkandawire, Carin Norberg, Emma Rothschild and Carl Tham.
23-24 July 2001 A two-day conference was held on Religion and State: Jews in Europe before the Enlightenment in King’s College, Cambridge. The meeting was organised by Miri Rubin and Ira Katznelson. Participants included Valentine Daniel, Michael Heyd, David Nirenberg and Gareth Stedman Jones.
13 September 2001 A planning meeting was held in King’s College, Cambridge, for the topic Against the Market? : Challenging Political Economy in Britain, c.1780- 2000. This was organised by David Craig and James Thompson.
22-23 October 2001 A two-day informal seminar on The United Nations
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and Democracy was held in conjunction with International IDEA at Jesus College, Cambridge. The meeting was organised by Izumi Nakamitsu Lennartsson and Thant Myint-U.
7 January 2002 A meeting on Corporations in Democratic Theory was held at King’s College, Cambridge, as part of the project on Post Democratic Politics. The meeting was organised by Melissa Lane.
25-26 January 2002 A two-day conference on Redesigning the Past: History after Dictatorship was organised by Catherine Merridale and held at King’s College. The conference explored ways in which history-writing and the public understanding of the past can change in the wake of political transformations. The meeting was organised around a number of papers, some of which are expected to be published in a special edition of Journal of Contemporary History.
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Seminars
History and Economics
In 1992 the Centre initiated a series of open seminars in History and Economics, to provide a forum for both students and senior researchers from diverse fields to explore subjects of common interest.
1992
19 November Richard Tuck (Jesus College, Cambridge) The Imperfect History of Perfect Competition
26 November Emma Rothschild (King's College, Cambridge) Condorcet on Mathematics and Economics
1993
14 January Nancy Cartwright (London School of Economics) Mill and Menger
28 April Sheilagh Ogilvie (Trinity College, Cambridge) Women's Work and Economic Development: A German Industrial Countryside, 1580-1740
12 May Carlo Poni (University of Bologna) Fashion as Innovation: the Strategies of the Silk Merchants of Lyon in the 18th Century
26 May Alaka Basu (Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University Enclave) Old Prejudices and New Technology: Trends in Women's Status, Son Preference and Fertility in India
13 October Mark Bailey (Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge) Serfdom on the Manor in England, c.1180-1348
10 November Caroline Barron (Royal Holloway and Bedford New College) Nobles, Merchants and the Economy of London
24 November Zvi Razi (Tel Aviv University & Wellcome Institute, Oxford) The Making of State and Society in Late Medieval England: A View from the Manorial Court
29 November David Landes (Harvard University) The Fable of the Dead Horse: Was the Industrial
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Colloquia
Revolution really Revolutionary?
1994
19 January Donald Winch (University of Sussex) Luxury and Inequality
2 February Walter Eltis (Department of Trade and Industry) The Failure of French Market Economics: Quesnay, Turgot and Condillac
16 February Emma Rothschild (King's College, Cambridge) The „Bloody and Invisible Hand‟
27 April Sylvana Tomaselli (Newnham College, Cambridge) Wollstonecraft: Critic of Modern Commercial Society?
4 May Keith Baker (Stanford University) Enlightenment and the Institution of Society
11 May Richard Smith (Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, Oxford) The Communal Management of Risk and Uncertainty and its Implications for Past and Present Demographic Patterns
15 June Timothy Guinnane (Yale University) German Credit Cooperatives, 1870-1914
19 October Gavin Wright (Christ's College, Cambridge) The Origins of Free Labour
9 November Emma Rothschild (King's College, Cambridge) The Economic History of Rationality
23 November Gareth Stedman Jones (King's College, Cambridge) The First Debate on the "Industrial Revolution": Say vs Sismondi
1995
8 February Mary Morgan (London School of Economics) The Moral Economy of J.B. Clark
15 February Sheilagh Ogilvie (Trinity College, Cambridge) Institutions and Economic Development in Early Modern Central Europe
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1 March Jon Elster (University of Chicago) Rationality and Emotions
4 October Gareth Stedman Jones (King's College, Cambridge) „Unable to Speak its Meaning in Words‟: Carlyle, Engels and the Constitution of Social History
18 October Adam Tooze (Robinson College, Cambridge) Counting Chaos: Economic Statistics and the German Hyperinflation
1 November Catherine Merridale (University of Bristol) Death and Remembrance in Soviet Russia
15 November Olwen Hufton (European University Institute) Poverty in 18th Century France Revisited
1996
7 February Ian Ross (University of British Columbia) A Biographer's Approach to Adam Smith: Focus on the Wealth of Nations
21 February Jane Humphries (Newnham College, Cambridge) Female Headed Households and the Industrial Revolution
6 March Richard Whatmore (University of Sussex) The Political Economy of Jean Baptiste Say's Republicanism
1 May Amartya Sen (Harvard University) Asian Values
12 June Keith Tribe (University of Keele) The Historicisation of Political Economy
16 October Emma Rothschild (King's College, Cambridge) Transitions and Mentalities
6 November Caroline Humphrey (King's College, Cambridge) Traders, '‟Disorder‟ and Citizenship Regimes in Provincial Russia
20 November Peter Clarke (St. John's College, Cambridge) Keynes, Buchanan and the Balanced Budget Doctrine
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4 December Gareth Stedman Jones (King's College, Cambridge) Hegel and the Economics of Civil Society
1997
22 January Joanna Innes (Somerville College, Oxford) State, Church and Voluntarism in European Welfare, 1690-1850
5 February Wolfgang Mommsen (Heinrich Heine Universität) Max Weber mediating between the 'Historical School' and the 'School of Theoretical Economy'
19 February Stephan Klasen (King's College, Cambridge) Gender Inequality and Survival: Excess Female Mortality, Past and Present
5 March Ben Polak (Yale University) A Predatory State
7 May Jürgen Kocka (Freie Universität, Berlin) Rapprochment and New Distance: Historians and Social Scientists between the 1950s and today
4 June Melissa Lane (King's College, Cambridge) Political Theory and Time
8 October Bertram Schefold (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität) The Afterglow of the German Historical School, 1945 - 1960
22 October Martin Daunton (Churchill College, Cambridge) Material Politics: The State and Consumption in Britain since 1850
5 November Ursula Vogel (University of Manchester) Romantic Communitarianism: Adam Müller's Critique of Modern Commercial Society
19 November Erik Grimmer and Roberto Romani (Nuffield College, Oxford and Darwin College, Cambridge) Historical Political Economy, 1870-1900
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1998
21 January Gareth Stedman Jones (King's College, Cambridge) Rational Dissent and the Origins of English Socialism
4 February Kirsty McNay (St. Catharine's College), Jane Humphries, (Newnham College) and Stephan Klasen (King's College, Cambridge) Death and Gender in Victorian England
18 February John Hatcher (Corpus Christi, Cambridge) Labour, Leisure and Charity from the Black Death to the New Poor Law
4 March Jan De Vries (All Souls College, Oxford) The Industrious Revolution as a Concept of Economic and Social History: Were Eighteenth Century People Aspiring Consumers or Oppressed Workers?
29 April Emma Rothschild (King's College, Cambridge) Smithianismus and Enlightenment in 19th Century Europe
13 May Jacques Revel (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales) Simiand and the Historians: the Origins of Social History
27 May Fritz Stern (Columbia University) Death in Weimar
28 October Jonathan Steinberg (Trinity Hall, Cambridge) Gold, History and the Deutsche Bank
11 November Paul Warde (Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge) Land, Labour and Livestock: Ecology and Employment in Early Modern Germany
25 November Nancy Cartwright (London School of Economics) The Vanity of Rigour in Economics
2 December Mamta Murthi (Clare Hall, Cambridge) Fertility in India: Evidence from the 1991 Census
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1999
27 January Richard Smith (Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure) Malthus, Methodological Individualism and Certain Conceptual Demographic Preferences
10 February Emma Rothschild (Centre for History and Economics) "Of systems of equality": Malthus, Necker, and the French Revolution
24 February Melissa Lane (King's College, Cambridge) Is Security the Minimal Good?
10 March David Feldman (Birkbeck College, London) Migrants, Immigrants, and Welfare in England, from the Old Poor-law to the Welfare State
28 April Sheilagh Ogilvie (Faculty of Economics and Politics, Cambridge) Women and the "Second Serfdom": Evidence from Bohemia
26 May Jonathan Haslam (Corpus Christi College, Cambridge) The Politics of the Balance of Trade
13 October Hans-Joachim Voth (Centre for History and Economics and Robinson College, Cambridge) The Longest Years—Time and Work in Britain, 1750-1830
27 October Stephen Greenblatt (Harvard University) Hamlet in Purgatory
17 November Sissela Bok (Harvard University) Henry Sidgwick‟s Practical Ethics: A Century‟s Perspective
24 November John Burrow (Balliol College, Oxford) Victorian Exceptionalism?
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2000
19 January Hans Medick (Max Planck Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen) Weaving and Surviving in Laichingen 1650-1900: Micro- History as History and as Research Experience
2 February Robert Darnton (All Souls College, Oxford) Songs and the Police in 18th Century Paris
16 February Ross Harrison (King’s College, Cambridge) Government is good for you
1 March Reinhart Koselleck (University of Bielefeld) „Die Weltgeschichte als Weltgericht‟: Schiller and Hegel
10 May Simon Szreter (St John’s College, Cambridge) The State and Social Capital in Historical Perspective
24 May Caroline Humphrey (King’s College, Cambridge) Inequality and Exclusion
31 May Donald Winch (University of Sussex) Ruskin and Political Economy
18 October Frank Trentmann (Birkbeck College) Beyond the Nation-State: The Search for a New Global Political Economy, 1914-1930s
25 October Sylvia Nasar (Columbia University / Churchill College) Alfred Marshall and the Third Way
1 November Gareth Stedman Jones (Centre for History and Economics) The „Communism‟ of the Communist Manifesto
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2001
31 January Emma Rothschild (Centre for History and Economics) Globalization in Historical Perspective: The East India Company and the American Revolution
14 February Tony Atkinson (Nuffield College, Oxford) Top Incomes in Britain in the Twentieth Century
28 February Eric Hobsbawm (Birkbeck College, London) The Future of Democracy
7 March Craig Muldrew (Queen’s College, Cambridge) Self-Control and Savings in Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Century Britain
9 May Melissa Lane (King’s College, Cambridge) Before Popper: English- and German-language readings of Plato's politics in the half-century before 1933
23 May Harold James (Princeton University) Backlashes Against Globalization
17 October Tore Frängsmyr (Uppsala University/The Nobel Foundation) Alfred Nobel - Technician, Inventor, Donor
31 October Knud Haakonssen (Boston University) Adam Smith and Epicureanism
14 November William St Clair (Trinity College, Cambridge) The Explosion of Reading in the Romantic Period
21 November Ananya Kabir (Clare Hall, Cambridge) Sir Henry Maine, India, and the Anglo-Saxon Past
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2002
13 February Catherine Merridale (Bristol University) Redesigning History in Contemporary Russia
27 February Sugata Bose (Harvard University) Poet as Pilgrim: Rabindranath Tagore's Discovery of the Indian Ocean
6 March Richard Drayton (Corpus Christi, Cambridge) Bordeaux and the Atlantic World in the Eighteenth Century
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Nations, States and Empires
In 1989, the Centre convened a research seminar group on the subject of Nations, States and Empires, involving philosophers, political theorists, anthropologists and literary scholars, as well as historians and economists.
1989 Richard Tuck (Jesus College, Cambridge) The State System as a Mirror of the State of Nature
Emma Rothschild (Centre for History and Economics) The Economics of Deterrence since the 1780s: Are Nuclear Weapons Cheap?
Geoffrey Hawthorn Possibilities of Peace in East Asia since 1945
Daniel Pick Representations and Mythologies of War, 1870-1918
1990 Myles Burnyeat Anger and Revenge
Caroline Humphrey (King’s College, Cambridge) Genghis Khan
Nathan Rosenberg Adam Smith and the Stock of Moral Capital
Eric Hobsbawm (Birkbeck College, London) Transformations of Nationalism
Amartya Sen War and Famine
Bernard Williams Is a Nietzschean Politics Possible?
1991 John Thompson The Downfall of Fortress America, 1938-41
Patricia Crone
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The Islamic Concept of Jihad
Ernest Gellner Is Nationalism a „Stage‟ of Social Development?
Egon Bahr The Future of Germany
1992 Stuart Hampshire "Justice is Strife"
Gareth Stedman Jones (Centre for History and Economics) The Idea of Class Struggle
Emma Rothschild (Centre for History and Economics) Condorcet and the Conflict of Values
1993
13 May Ayesha Jalal (University of Columbia) Conjuring Pakistan: History as Official Imagining
27 May Lincoln Chen (Harvard University) Sovereignty and Humanitarian Intervention
1 June Janos Kis (Central European University) Dimensions and Value of Freedom
1994
17 February Maurizio Viroli (Princeton University) The Meaning of Patriotism
12 May Myles Burnyeat (Robinson College, Cambridge) Did the Ancient Greeks have a Concept of Human Rights? Comments: Quentin Skinner
26 May Berndt Weisbrod German Unification and the National Paradigm
17 June Romila Thapar (Jawarharlal Nehru University, Delhi) The Appropriations of the Theory of the Aryan Race in India
1995
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26 April J.G.A. Pocock (Johns Hopkins University) Gibbon and Raynal
11 May Istvan Hont (King's College, Cambridge) State and Nation in the French Revolution
1 June Linda Colley (Yale University) Frontiers and Empire: Re-evaluating the Seven Years War
1996
8 February Thomas Mastnak (Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts) The Abbé de Saint-Pierre, European Union and the Turk
23 May Bernard Williams (Corpus Christi College, Oxford) Moralism and Realism in Liberal Politics
30 May Elaine Scarry (Harvard University) Thinking in an Emergency
1997
13 May Alain Blum (Institut National des Études Demographiques, Paris) Stalinism and the Statisticians: The Case of Demographers
1998
5 November Miri Rubin (Pembroke College, Oxford) Narrative and Violence in Late Medieval Europe: the Host Desecration Accusation
19 November Mary Kaldor (LSE / University of Sussex) The Political Economy of New Wars
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Quantitative Economic History
2000
5 October Albrecht Ritschl (Zurich) Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression?
12 October Timothy Leunig (London School of Economics) Learning by Doing in the New England Textile Industry
19 October N.F.R. Crafts (London School of Economics) TBA
2 November Stephen Broadberry (Warwick University) Explaining Comparative Productivity in Services: Technology and Organisation in Britain, the United States and Germany, 1870-1990
16 November Liam Brunt (Nuffield College, Oxford) Climate, Technology and Wheat Production in the Industrial Revolution, 1700-1850
23 November Oliver Grant (St. John's College, Oxford) The Kuznets Curve in 19C Germany
2002
17 January Gail Triner (Rutgers University) Contagion in Brazil and Argentina in the 1890s
21 February Maristella Botticini (Boston University/University of Brescia 2001-2002) Marriage Markets and Intergenerational Transfers in Comparative Perspective
28 February Christopher M. Meissner (King’s College, Cambridge) Mechanisms of Integrity: Nineteenth Century New England Banks and the Success of Connected Lending
14 March Jean Laurent Rosenthal (UCLA and INRA-LEA Paris 2001-2002) The Size of the Ante: Inequality, Financial Markets and Growth in Paris, 1780-1907
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Research Publications
Centre for History and Economics Working Papers
The Centre publishes working papers based on research by scholars associated with the Centre.
Social Development and Sustainable Development (April 1993) Nitin Desai
The Idea of India (March 1993) Amartya Sen
Population and Consumption (October 1993) Emma Rothschild
Social Conflicts as Pillars of Democratic Market Society (November 1993) Albert Hirschman
Avgai Khad: Theft and Social Trust in in Post-Communist Mongolia (December 1993) Caroline Humphrey
The 1937 Census and the Limits of Stalinist Rule (January 1994) Catherine Merridale
Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand (January 1994) Emma Rothschild
Condorcet and the Conflict of Values (April 1994) Emma Rothschild
Adam Smith, Apprenticeship and Insecurity (July 1994) Emma Rothschild
Population and Security Conference Report (February 1995) Sheilagh Ogilvie
Language, Patronage and the Creation of Historical Paradigm (Spring 1995) Catherine Merridale
What is Security? (June 1995) Emma Rothschild
Basic Education as a Political Issue (June 1995) Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen
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Classical Influences on Adam Smith (July 1995) Gloria Vivenza
Redefining Security in Southern Africa Workshop Proceedings (August 1995) Meena Singh
Social Security and Laissez Faire in 18th Century Political Economy (September 1995) Emma Rothschild
Creating a Culture of Suspicion: Consumers in Moscow: A Chronicle of Changing Times (Winter 1995) Caroline Humphrey
Demography in the Unmaking of Civil Society (November 1995) Geoffrey McNicoll
Reflections on Reasoning about Disarmament (December 1995) Melissa Lane
Charles Fourier and the Origins of Socialism in France (January 1996) Gareth Stedman Jones
Population: Rights, Consequences and Coercion (March 1996) Amartya Sen
Traders, 'Disorder' and Citizenship Regimes in Provincial Russia (April 1996) Caroline Humphrey
Transitions and Mentalities (September 1996) Emma Rothschild
Human Security Crisis in Russia: A Failing Health Transition? (September 1996) Lincoln Chen et. al
Transition in Russia: Foreign Policy and Security (September 1996 ) Ian Anthony and Vladimir Baranovsky
The Idea of Transition in Post-Soviet Russia (September 1996) Catherine Merridale
The Russian Health Crisis of the 1990s in Mortality Dimension (September 1996) Vladimir Shkolnikov
Industrie, Pauperism and the Hanoverian State: The Genesis and Political Context of the Original Debate about the 'Industrial Revolution' in England and
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France, 1815-1840 (January 1997) Gareth Stedman Jones
Poverty and Inequality in South Africa (January 1997) Stephan Klasen
Basutoland - A Historical Journal into the Environment (January 1997) Meena Singh
All Montesquieu's Sons: The Place of "Esprit General", "Caractere", and "Moeurs" in French Political Philosophy, 1748-1789 (January 1997) Roberto Romani
An Alarming Commercial Crisis in 18th Century Angoulême: Sentiments in Economic History (April 1997) Emma Rothschild
Condorcet and Adam Smith on Education and Instruction (November 1997) Emma Rothschild
Truth, Happiness and Virtue (November 1997) Emma Rothschild
Deconstructing the Historical School of Economics, 1870-1900 (December 1997) Erik Grimmer and Roberto Romani
Social Exclusion and Children in OECD Countries: Some Conceptual Issues (December 1997) Stephan Klasen
In Search of Full Empirical Reality: Historical Political Economy, 1870-1900 (January 1998) Erik Grimmer and Roberto Romani
Une Autre Histoire Sociale? (April 1998) Gareth Stedman Jones
Durkheim‟s Sociology, Simiand‟s Positive Political Economics and the German Historical School (May 1998) Philippe Steiner
Gender Inequality and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some Preliminary Findings (August 1998) Stephan Klasen
From the Franc to the “Europe”: Great Britain, Germany and the attempted transformation of the Latin Monetary Union Into a European Monetary Union
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(September 1998) Luca Einaudi
Bruno Hildebrands Kritik an Adam Smith (October 1998) Emma Rothschild
Basic Education as a Political Issue: Conference Report (October 1998) Noala Skinner
The Reception of Lujo Brentano‟s Thought in Britain, 1870-1900 (October 1998) James Thompson
Smithianismus and Enlightenment in 19th Century Europe (October 1998) Emma Rothschild
The Vanity of Rigour in Economics: Theoretical Models and Galilean Experiments (November 1998) Nancy Cartwright
Is Security a Minimal Good? (February 1999) Melissa Lane
Democracy and Social Justice (March 1999) Amartya Sen
Globalization and Democracy in Historical Perspective (April 1999) Emma Rothschild
The Imperfect History of Perfect Competition (April 1999) Richard Tuck
Linking the Indian Census with the National Sample Survey (June 1999) M Murthi, P V Srinivasan and S V Subramanian
Gladstone, Lowe and the Bank of England: the Struggle for the Control of Paper Currency (September 1999) Luca Einaudi
Knowledge and Multilateral Interventions: The UN‟s Experiences in Cambodia and Bosnia-Herzegovina (September 1999) Thant Myint-U and Elizabeth Sellwood
Fertility, Education and Development: Further Evidence from India (November 1999) Jean Dréze and Mamta Murthi
Documenting Environmental Change (December 1999)
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Paul Warde and Meena Singh
With a Bang, not a Whimper: Pricking Germany‟s “Stockmarket Bubble” in 1927 and the Slide into Depression (December 1999) Hans-Joachim Voth
Inflationary Expectations and Uncertainty during Germany‟s Great Depression (December 1999) Hans-Joachim Voth
An Infinity of Girls: The Political Rights of Children in Historical Perspective (May 2000) Emma Rothschild
Measuring Poverty and Deprivation in South Africa (May 2000) Stephan Klasen
Consequential Evaluation and Practical Reason (September 2000) Amartya Sen
Inequality and Exclusion: A Russian Case Study of Emotion in Politics (November 2000) Caroline Humphrey
Imagining Globalization: J.A. Hobson‟s Reflections on Internationalization (November 2000) Hugh McNeal
La Mondalisation en Perspective Historique: L‟Amérique Hyper-Puissance (January 2001) Emma Rothschild
Redesigning History in Contemporary Russia (February 2001) Catherine Merridale
The English Kopf (November 2001) Emma Rothschild
National Bankruptcy and Social Revolution: European Observers on Britain, 1813 -1844 (November 2001) Gareth Stedman Jones
That Disputatious Pair: Economic History and the History of Economics (November 2001) Donald Winch
Democracy, Globalization and Health: The African Dilemma (December 2001)
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Sunil Amrith
Books
Kaushik Basu and Unravelling the Nation: Sectarian Conflict and India‟s Sanjay Secular Identity Subrahmanyam (eds) (Penguin, 1996)
Jean Drèze, Meera The Dam and the Nation: Displacement and Resettlement in Samson and Satyajit the Narmada Valley Singh (eds) (Oxford University Press, 1997)
L. Wohlgemuth, Common Security and Civil Society in Africa S. Gibson, S. Klasen (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1999) and E. Rothschild (eds)
Catherine Merridale Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Russia (Granta, 2000)
Hans-Joachim Voth Time and Work in England, 1750-1830 (Oxford University Press, 2000)
Emma Rothschild Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment (Harvard University Press, 2001)
Melissa Lane Plato's Progeny: How Socrates and Plato Still Captivate the Modern Mind (Duckworth, 2001)
Luca Einaudi Money and Politics: European Monetary Unification and the International Gold Standard (1865-1873) (Oxford University Press, 2001)
Gloria Vivenza Adam Smith and the Classics. The Classical Heritage in Adam Smith‟s Thought (Oxford University Press, 2001)
Roberto Romani National Character and Public Spirit in Britain and France, 1750-1914 (Cambridge University Press, 2001)
Ananya Kabir Paradise, Death and Doomsday in Anglo-Saxon Literature (Cambridge University Press, 2001)
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A.G. Hopkins (ed) Globalization in World History (Pimlico, 2002)
Gareth Stedman The Communist Manifesto Jones (ed) (Penguin, forthcoming, 2002)
Rama Mani Beyond Retribution. Seeking Justice in the Shadows of War (Polity Press, 2002)
Martina de Moor, The Management of Common Land in North-West Europe Leigh Shaw-Taylor, ca. 1500-1850 and Paul Warde (eds) (Brepols, Turnhout, forthcoming, 2002)
Meena Singh, Sunil Environmental Security in Southern Africa, Amrith, Rosie (forthcoming, 2002) Vaughan (eds)
Patrick O’Brien and The Political Economy of the British Historical Experience, Donald Winch (eds) 1688-1914 (Oxford University Press, forthcoming, 2002)
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KING’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE
DIRECTORS
Emma Rothschild Gareth Stedman Jones
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
Hans-Joachim Voth
OFFICE STAFF
Editorial Associate and Administrative Officer Inga Huld Markan Research Assistant and Administrative Officer Susanne Lohmann / Rosanne Flynn Research Assistant and Administrative Officer Rosie Vaughan
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Professor Sir A.B. Atkinson Professor Nancy Cartwright Professor Olwen Hufton Professor Quentin Skinner Professor Barry Supple Professor Sir E.A. Wrigley
CENTRE FOR HISTORY AND ECONOMICS KING’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ST TELEPHONE: (01223) 331197 / 331120 FAX: (01223) 331198
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