INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY

WINTER E S 2()()7 THE EULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA I

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Preston conference o urban regeneration o AIA Awards o affiliated societies gas celebration o technical drawings o Calder Hall o reqional news o publications Preston Conference 2OO7

AIA fhere were 124 delegates in attendance at the 0n Saturday morning Peter lles gave a potted University of Centnl Lancashte in Prcston fot the history of the administrative county of , 2007 confercnce, including that veteran of nany with special reference to the listing ol buildings INDUSTRIAL prcvious occasions, lean Singer, plus wheelchaiL (80o/o of churches are listed and 0.8% of mills), However, the venue was not noted for its also ol scheduled monuments which includes four ARCHAEOLOGY convenience- four different huildings were used, mill engines (not the buildingr. Dr Geoffrey on three di{ferent sites, up to ten ninutes' brisk Timmins then discoursed on weave6' housing. lt NEWS 143 walking apaft! Neveftheless we are gratefulto all was interesting to lind that cellars also housed Winter 2OOz the organises for their hard work in making the ' shops'. Tle final Saturday morning speaker conference so successful. fhanks abo to Bany was Richard Newman, Cumbria County Honorary Preiide Hood, fetry Evans, Andrcw Hodgson and fony Archaeologist, whose topic was 'Rural industries Pro, Angus Bud.nan Jeruis lor providing 13 H€nsley Road, Bath 8A2 2DR additional notes. in historic Lancashire'(lhe county used to be Chainnan much bigger), which included (lays for bricks, tiles Prof Madly,r Palmer Roger Ford and the pottery industry; coppicing for charcoal S6ool ol Archaeology and An(ient Hirtory University of potash gunpowder'; teicerter Lei(ester LE1 7RH Ior the iron industry; for bark Vice-Chainmn As is usual, Friday was seminar day, with the main Ior tanning; limestone, gritstone and the small Torry Crosby weekend staning at dinner in the evening. Mike [onsdale coalfield. tieritage Lonery f0nd, 7 Holbein Placq London SWIW 8NR Secretary Bone bade us all welcome and then handed over Saturday afternoon offered a choice of tours. 8afly Hood ro Marilyn Palmer, after her year's sabbatical.Ihe Helmshore Mill Museum of 1798 is a 9 Kenneny lbrlq krerculter, Ab€rdeen A81 4 otl Iirst speaker was David Lewis ofthe Northern Mill virtually unchanged water-powered fulling mill Ttaa rc, Bruce Hedge Engines Society, who gave a very clear and lucid which closed on 1967. lt contains a complete 7 Clement closq wantage, oxlordshire 0x1 2 7ED explanation of the workings of the steam engines range of wool-cloth finishing machinery, lA Review Editor that replaced the waterwheels to provide the alongside which there is another establishment, Dr David Gwyn Nanr y Felin, Llanluni Road. Per y Groet power for the textile rnills; even to the ins and which operated as a condenser spinning Caemarlon LL54 6tY outs of the Lancashire boiler, as compared with mill until closure in 1978.Ihis possesses an entire lA l{€w3 Editor the Cornish one. He expounded line*hafting, floor of carding mule machines Dr Peter Stanier on and spinning - 49 Sread Lane, Shatte$ury DoBet sP7 8Lf with its fast (i.e. tight) and loose pulleys - the there are 2,856 mule spindles. The whole project AIfili.t d Sodetier Olfi.€l origin of the saying? is the subject of a major HL fund-assisted Chrinine Ball up key year. 75 Eanner Cro!! Road, Sheffield Sl l 9tlQ Next was the man of this conference, development, expected to be completed this conreranc S€oetary Lancashire County Museum Service head of The second outing, to Blackpool, took in the collections lan Gibson whose topic was the alternatives of a visit inside the Tower or a 24 Belmont Road, U$ridge, Middl€l€x U88 1 RE tndang€red Sit€s Ofti(.r development oI knitting frames, from the first heritage walk looking ar the tram system, the D Mike Nevell, Dircdor patent of l618 to the nineteenth-century patents outside of the Tower, the piers, the seawater Unive6ity of Mandener Archaeology ljnil UnaveBity of of Arkwright and Hargreaves. Roger Holden works of 1876 which supplied clarified brine to Mandene[ Road, Manche*erMl3 9Pt tibrarian and Ard virt concentrated on spinning and with public bathing establishments and hydropathic parti(ular relerence to the huge weaving sheds so holels, and the 1895 sea defencet overlain in do IGMI lronbridg€, I€lfod, 5hrcp6hire Tf8 7DQ characteristic oI this part of the country and the 1981-2. Publicity Offfc€. ,onathan B ggs evening's offerings concluded with ex-AlA The third alternative was Sedgwick 46 Arowsmi$ Drive, Stonehouse G 110 2QR conference secretary Fred Brook giving a gunpowder mill (1857) and Carnlorth station, Re

2 INDUSTRIAL ARcHAEoLocy NEws 143 .I / K,l 7 I E l= I E. "5.1 A F rf Grl rF-- I a Ribble Steam Railway wotkshopt Photo: gatry Hood AIA delegates at Glasson Dock

ir I ! I L ft ufu,; '1, l& fl I JI _-: & ,h r,rIY tri'r I I A aoner of Ghssoo Dock Photo: fony Yowad The We aquedud on lE Lancastet Canal at GaRtang identifiable.0n to Carnforth to admire the 1846 Square (nineteenth century workers' terraces), There is an industrial estat€, and the inner basin station of the Lancashire & Carlisle Railway, Ribble Motor Services offices and garages, has been developed as a marina. A cargo of tin which contrasts with the modernised Furness Fishwick Mill, Centenary Milland Honock's Mills, cans and bottles was being loaded into a ship for Railway platforms to the west. Signal boxes are then the iconi( 1960s bus station and car park, recycling in Portugal.Ihe return journey took in well to the Iore - Carnforth station old box sits at Ihe second walk included Hanover Mill of 1796, Scorton lo see a mill that is no longer there (it is the north end of the Furness platform - the Arkwright Mill ('1854), Aqueduct Street Mill now a building site!), then to Garstang to admire current box dates from '1903. The yard (ontains ('1846), the mills of Shelley Road and the another Rennie canal aqueduct over the River the preserved MR selside box (1907) and two Blackpool Road, returning along the towpath of Wyre, a most attradive location. concrete coaling towers. A tMs 8F was raising the Lancaster Canal. Alternatively, a coach trip Ihe other outing forayed along a very damp steam in the yard, to complete the picture..lhe took in Preston Docks, Ribble Steam Railway and Leeds & liverpool canal towpath in Nelson, to visitor centre features the ramous station clock. the millennium canal link. Whitefield and tomeshay Bridge Mills which used An excellent annual dinner was enjoyed in Sunday night's lecture was by Colin Dickinson the canal as a water source as well as for the evening, with the awards presentations in on the lancaster Canal, engineered by John transport. Escape from the heavy rain came at the Marilyn Palmer s capable hands, as Angus Rennie and originally cut lor transporting Bridge Millt into an 1893 four-storey warehouse Buchanan was unable to be with us.To lollow this limestone. We enjoyed a slide trip down the which gave an excellent overview of Whitefield's up Sunday started with presentations from the canal,linishing at Glasson basin next to the dock north-light roof Then we viewed Lomeshay main award winners: Birmingham Archaeology which is sited at the mouth of the River Lune. lt chimney and adia(ent early workers'housing. on the Ministry of Supply lactory at Rhydymwyn was constru(ted by lancaster Pon Commissioners Lunch in the Pendle heritage centre at Barrowford (Main tieldwork Award), lngleborough lA Group in 1783-91 and is still used today, was followed by a tour of Park Hill House (1696), on lngleton Hoffman kiln and limekilns (lnitiative All-day lield trips started on Monday, with then a walk down to the 1824 spinning and Award), and the Kelly Mine Preservation Society the choice oI City of Lancaster and Glasson Dock, weaving site at Higherford Mill, plus a close-up of which gained the Dorothea Award ,or restoration or landscapes of weaving in the Pendle area.Ihe the packhorse bridge. On the run to Barnoldswick ofthe micaceous haematite mine at BoveyTra(ey, Lan(aster party investigated Ashton Park, to the sun finally appeared for the last visit of the Devon. wonder at the incredible grandiose memorial day, Bancroft ilill where the 600HP Nelson-built Sunday morning also saw the proceedings of there, erected by williamson the lino king to his cross-compound engine was in steam for us. the AGM. The Rolt Memorial Lecture was wife (lino Lil?) from which one sees the superb 0n lronday evening the first lecturer was delivered this year by Dr colin Rynne of the scenic view oI l\4orecombe Bay. This is the domed Peter Keen, secretary of the 5ankey Canal University ofcork and his title was'Ihe Society of memorial that motorists see as the speed past on Restoration Society.The canal originally staned in Friends in nineteenth'century lreland and the M6. Following a brief stop at the Lune the Broad oak area ol 5t Helens and was later technological change as a'colonial' discourse'. aquedud (John Renniq I794-7) on the Lancaster extended to Widne' lt had eight single locks and Sunday afternoon's trips offered two guided canal, on to a superb little museum housed in the two staircases; it was effectively killed off by the walks around Preston, the ,irst to mills and custom House on St George's Quay (1764). St Helens & Runcorn Gap Railway. which housing, including Corporation Street Glasson Dock is now far busier than when we amalgamated wilh it. lt was stopped in 1919 and warehouset the Corn Exchange (1822), Winckley visited it from the Ambleside conlerence in 1993. became totally derelict, with features such as the

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Warchouse on the Leeds & LtvctpoolCandl dl Nelgon Photo: Batry Hood A coner shop on Pendle Strcet, Nelson I rt .l-. ta Q, '_-i- E Ere E N -l I

Pltoto: Steve 1ewhiRt RooRcape at Loneshay Stidge Mills

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Wsirinq the Wo d ol Glass at Sa Helens Photo: Steve DehlliRt A baryc at Widnet Lod on the knkey Navigatioh

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l .t. Photo: Mailyn Palner fhe Grane Mill engine rcstored over a de.ade

M62 built over parts of it, until this band of Preston. Ihe delegates' conducted tour at the canal warehouse, with the [462 as backdrop. completely inexperience volunteer canal restorers 'World of Glass' museum commenced in a Tle second field trip visited aviation sites, (ame along. Iheir efforts prompted the local simulated glass cone, then on to the toundation starting at Freckleton village (the sile of a serious council to get in on the act, and several small tunnels of the original regenerative furnace, WWll bomber ), Iollowed by a coach tour areas have now been re-watered. The next which was fired by producer gas lrom its own around Warton aerodrome, then Squires Gate, speaker Brian Tomlinson discoursed about aircraft plant. We next saw a demonstration of glass Blackpool's growing airpon, The main building development and manufacture, which blowing and an instructive Iilm on the history and here manulactures car exhaust systems by commenced in in 1909, later migrating to present-day manufacture. After lunch the canal robotics. Al Stanley Park the two 1931 structures Blackpool, Lytham (seaplanes 1917-24), then to sites were toured, staning at Spike lsland, the site are alongside the elephant enclosure. BAE Warton and Salmesbury at Preston. Stanley Park of the original lock into the Mersey, alongside a Systems laid on lunch at Salmesbury lollowed by airfield at Blackpool became an RAt base during small railway basin. Next,lo Fiddler's Ferry to see a comprehensive inlroduction to the plant. WWll and aftenaiards became the site of the zoo. locks, a boal-builder's yard and a marina which complex machining operations involving Preston built over 2,000 Halitaxes and 81 four- communicates with the Mersey via a swing titanium, carbon fibre and aluminium impressed engined bombers. Post-war English Electric took bridge and a later, councilbuilt lock.Ihe Iinal sit€ all present, thanks to the heritaqe group which over the sites, becominq 8A Systems who now was five miles trom the St Helens end atWinwi(k Brian Tomlinson heads. operate them. Quay where a lock has been partially excavated 0n Tuesday evening Mike Nevell took the Tuesday offered a choice of St Helens glass togetherwith the toundations ofthe lock keeper's stage first, to talk on the water-powered textile and sites on the Sankey Canal, or aviation around cottage. A shon distance away are a dry dock and sites on the River lrwell, together with its t r4f.

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Rain and wo eB tetaces in the hadow ol lex Mill, LMS lubilee clats locofiotive 'Leandet' at gury Station on the East Lancashte Railway Radenstall Photo: steve Dewhi6t Photo: Steve DewhiRt

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tributary the Cheeseden in the Rossendale valley. Ihis supported 13 water-powered site5 in 14 kms. The valley also possessed 26 gritstone quarries for paving, walling and roofing. lVike was followed by Jack Smith who talked on archaeological sites in central Lancashire. Tlis included particularly the tancaster Canal; and the area around Witley Woods where it ran into a three.arm basin. This in(orporated a tramway via Eamber Bridge down to the Ribble at Preston basin, opened in 1804. The tramway worked lor 60 years. His discourse also embraced the Royal Ordnance lactory at Chorley, opened in 1939 and the last shell-filling facility of WWll, which at its 5 zenith boasted 60 miles oI roads and 20 miles of r railway tracks. The Wednesday outings were either to t- :!l..l Rossendale valley and the East lancs Railway, or lhir t' to teyland commercial museum and RAF Chorley. r At Rossendale we started at a well-preserved L ,ia weaver's cottage adjacent to llex Mill, courtesy of Kathy Fishwick of the Civic Society. llex Mill has been adaptively reused lor very attractive Queen Street Mill, Eunley l,hrt) 5t , l)4.ttt\l apartments. After identifying its salient Ieatures, on to Grane Mill where Dave Armfield has Ihe last day dawned very wet indeed. Ihe hereabouts it is vinually enclosed by a largely laboured lor ten years to restore its 500HP half who visited Queen Street Mill first derinitely unbroken sequence ofweaving mills and spinning tandem compound engine, worked lor us by got the best deal as the weather had cleared up sheds, We braved the rain to see the Oak Mount electricity. Both Lancashire boilers, the chimney by mid-day.Ihis mill dates from 1894-5 and was Mill engine being turned over at 28 and ils weaving also survive. At Rawtenstall worked until 1982, the last commercially steam- strokes/minute (half its working speed) by we enjoyed a trip over the East Lancs Railway to powered mill in the county. lts engine is a 500HP electricity. the engine originally powered two Bury, then visited the remains ol Ramsbottom Mill horizontal tandem compound; steam comes ,rom mills. our thanks to Brian Hall for braving the where the two-storey and small a 1901 Lancashire boiler and an economiser pre- elements. warehouse are still in their original state. heats the feed water Hall of the original Thus ended an interesting week, with Th€ last lecture of the conlerence was, (600 plus) are still in situ and driven by the line- organisation by lan Gibson, Mike Nevell and appropriately, given by lan Gibson whose good shafting; the mill has been open to the public Bruce George. Due to the inconvenient domestic offices were responsible for a large part of the under museum servi(e management since 1997. arrangements it was rather baptism oflire for our field trips. The talk was on Queen Street Mill and Ihe weaver's triangle sits beside the Leeds & new conference secretary John M(Guinness. We the weaver's triangle at Eurnley, venues for the Liverpool Canal (at '127% miles the longest in lool forward to next year's conference at Iinal day. Members' contributions followed from Britain). There is a visitor centre in the old Lackham near Chippenham. from 22 to 28 Patrick Knott on lsle of Wight (y(le tollhouse and wharfmaster's house on Burnley August, where our hosts will be the lA sedion of manufacturing, and from Henry Gunston on the Wharf. Burnley led the world in the production ot the Wiltihire Archaeological & Natural History effects oI drainage on agriculture, navigation and colton cloth and there was a dense concentration Society. flooding. oI mills along the canal to utilise its water, and

6 INDUSTRIAL AR.HAE1L)GY NEW, 143 Urban regeneration and adaptive re-use of industrial buildings: the 2O07 pre-conference seminar

Preston\ pre-conference seminar, on the topic of of the former 1200-acre site, Ihe new reality and Newman of the Egerton Lea consultancy showed 'Urban regeneration and the adaptive re-use of Iuture lor the Arsenal is as a mixed-use area how refurbishment ofexisting buildings as part oI industial buildings: problens and potential', mainly comprising residential development in the maintenan(e of sustainable (ommunilies is attacted speakes who considered a wide runge converted historic buildings and new-build. He creatinq a new context for the adaptive reuse and of subjeds such as the contibution of the HlF, showed that a key challenge has been to identify conservation of nineteenth- century housing and challenges of the forner Royal Arsenal in what is important and to retain that which makes industrial buildings in the area. She relerred to V/oolwich , prime industrial locations around the 5ite specialwhile at the same time enabling a the popular protests which have taken place Eolton, social, econonic and environmental redundant site to have a sustainable future. A against proposals for housing renewal which benefits of historic buildings, ptoblems and similar theme was followed by most of the have threatened wholesale demolition under the answers in the east Lancashirc textile industial speakers on the north-west oI England. pretext of'slum clearance'. one oI the most area, sustainable development in Lancaster and Roy Murphy, formerly of the University oI vigorous of these campaigners then talked about West Cumbria, and the importance of Bolton, opened the seminar with a nostalgic her work. Sylvia Wilson is the owner oI a website archaeologkal recording in Greater . glimpse oI buildings and industrial sites around (www.lightforourhomes.com), as well as the Bolton when they were in use as working entities, founder oI an umbrella group called Homes Marilyn Palmer He emphasised the problem that industrial sites Under Ihreat, a national network which provides often occupy large areal are in prime locations, help and advice for people whose homes are The topic lor the 2007 pre-conference seminar require high maintenance costs and even incur under threat ol demolition. sylvia is bitterly was chosen because the urban landscapes of prejudice and opposition because of their former opposed to the Pathlinder projects which mainly [ancashire and Greater Manchester have industrial uses. Since change and adjustment are affect the Nonh and Midlands of England, which presented numerous problems in recent years of features oI a dynamic society, the destruction and she regards as a land-grabbing exercise by Local widespread regeneration schemes in the lace of reconstruction of industry, particularly when Authorities to provide land on which to construd changing industrial conditionS particularly the located in prime sites, are inevitable. This unaffordable housing for local people. Delegates wholesale decline of the textile industries. challenge was taken up by Dave chetwyn, Head at the conlerence were later able to visit Sylvia's Speakers were asked to consider how the ol Planning Aid England with the Royal Town home town of Nelson in which she fronts the character of the existing industrial landscape Planning lnstitute and recently elected Chair of Whitefield Conservation Action Group which is could be preserved in the (ontext oI the different lhe lnstitute of Historic Euilding Conservation. His seeking to preserve an area of terraced housing regeneration schemes, including the Pathrinder well-illustrated presentation considered the which once served the workrorce oI the local projects, which have affected the north-west social, economi( and environmental benefits textile mills. ln the 1990s, the local Council although papers on regeneration schemes derived lrom historic buildings and areas, proposed a Neighbourhood Renewal Area which elsewhere in the country were also included. drawing on examples oI heritage-led involved the demolition of 400 homes in the 0n the national scene, Tony Crosby, elected regeneration projects lrom allaround the country heart of Nelson.As she pointed out, these houses, Vice-Chairman of AIA at the AGM, who works The downside of such projects was then built of local sandstone, are warm, affordablg with the Heritage tottery Fund, discussed the considered by tlvo speakers on the problems in sustainable easily adaptable and also easy to ways in which HLF has contributed to urban the East lancashire textile district, running along convert into larger dwellings by the insertion of regeneration projens and how such projects are the western edge of the Pennines north ot interior conneding doorways. Ttey are popular subsequently evaluated. Alan Johnson from Manchester, which began to suffer serious with the cultural mix of people in Whitefield, English Heritage presented a lascinating example economic decline after the First World War Ihis about 64% of mixed Asian origin who value the ol the challenges faced and overcome in the re- continued and reached its nadir in the 1980s, community effect of these homes lor their often use ol an extensive former military-industrial when the de(line in was exacerbated by extended lamilies. Although sylvia has won estate, the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, in the the ending of the coal industry leaving a legacy several planning enquiries, strongly supported by context of the SHARP project on historic arsenals. ol redundant mill buildings and low-value LynneWalker ofthe CBA, the battle is not over yet 22 listed buildings and other non-listed buildings housing. Consequently, the area has experienced and a considerable area of Whitefield is now have survived for re-use in the Iactory zone ofthe a number ol regeneration schemes and been the boarded up awaiting the result of a lurther banle. roughly 70-acre historic core at the western end target ol housing renewal proposals. Caron It was very good to hear from a local resident

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Photos: Mailyn Palnet

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 14 7 who was prepared to take on all comers in her adaptive reuse of merchants' housing and industrial heritage and induslrial archaeoloqy efforts to save her community. warehousing has met with varied success, and both to AIA and non-AlA members alike and we Two other speakers referred to sustainable there are a number oI schemes targeted al welcomed, Ior example, numbers oI English development in the nonh-west of England. reviving the pon facilities.Tte future willcontinue Heritage staff from the Manchester offices. I hope Richard Newman, the County Archaeologist for to require a compromise between the that more AIA members will take advantage ol Cumbria, talked about the adaptive reuse oI conservation needs of the historic structures and the opportunities offered by the seminars to learn warehouses and port ,acilities in Lancaster and the requirements ol sustainable new uses. more oI current issues in the disciplines before West Cumbria. Ttese experienced considerable Ihis statement could equally well be used in they go on to enioy the talks and visiG in the growth and wealth generation during the the context ol many of Greater Manchester's region which is generally the purpose of the eighteenth century, when they played a key role redundant textile mills, considered by Norman conference. AIA Council has proposed that next in the slave irade as well as the export of coal. Redhead, the Assistanl County Archaeologist lor year's seminar in Wiltshire takes up the issue oI The urban fabric of towns such as Lancaster, Greater Man(hester Council. He concentrated on the recording and re-use oI twentieth cenlury Whitehaven and Maryport contain maqnilicent lhe importance and contribution of military sitet oI which there are so many in that Georgian merchants' houses, (ustoms houses and archaeological recording, both for standing county. I would be very glad to hear from anyone warehouseg and in West Cumbria especially they buildings and below-ground remains, in who would like to contribute a paper on such a have also left a legacy of harbours and docks. All promoting a better understanding and more topic. of these ports went into severe decline in the sympathetic re-use oI these complex industrial I would like to thank all our speakers at the nineteenth century and only at Glasson Dock, sites. He also presented an update on the survival seminar who gave their time to presenting and Lancaster's out-port, has significant trading of textile industry-related buildings since the discussing the issues o, industrial buildings and activity continued to the present day. Urban Greater lvlanchester Textile lVill Survey of 20 urban regeneration in what proved to be a really renewal at Whitehaven has largely been years ago, which was an enlightening and slightly excellent occasion. Ile presence of a techni(ian facilitated through granted-aided conservation depressing experience. ensured that all the excellent PowerPoint and regeneration schemes, but Maryport and The purpose of these seminars is to presentations ran smoothly! Harrington remain economically depressed. The demonstrate what is going on in the world of

ALBERT AND THE LANCASHIRE LOOM

Henry Gunston Dedicated, with gnteful thanks, to the organisers ol the AIA Preston Conference, August 2007

Mister and Missus Ramsbottom, Retiring for tea in the caf6, But we think he's run loose in yon loom shed Whose ancestors happen you'll know The parents looked round for their son, And got himself caught in the works!' Were studying holiday brochureS And the truth quickly dawned upon Mother Deciding this year where to go. 'Our Dad, where has young Albert gone?' Ihe engine was stopped, and 0ur irother Had sad premonitions oI slaughter - When quickly young Albert, their offspring Returning in haste to the loom shed But the lad was soon found with an ice cream Cried'Mum and Dad, come and look herq They peered all about in the gloom. By the lodge, with his toes in the water. lI we go lo this history conlerence, 'l fear,' said Our Dad - in a bother - Ihey will qive us a ,ree qazetteer.' 'our Albert's lell into a loom!' And smiling, the happy Curator Said'l'm glad now that all has come right, Ihe venue appealed to our lvlothet They summoned, in hastq the Curator - And that our future path is still open With Elackpool nearby - quite in reach 'We know not where our Alben lurks, lo become a World Heritage Site.' 'll I tire ot yon heritaqe history l'll take meself off to the beach.'

And as to the main theme ol textiles, 0I knowledge they were not bereft, B ? '------:-t:: For one granddad had once been a tackler l, i.t:'tr l Ft \ So they all knew their warp lrom their weft T-

Loading up the faithful Cortina, Ihey quickly set off lor the ride To reach the conlerence location, Which were out on the Lancashire side. .l On reading the conference programme ) They signed up to a visit which said .- It were out to a Heritage Centre .) -a That were based on an old weaving shed tY. Tley first went to view the steam engine which was shiny, and slid to and frq Then they pondered on and bobbins, And wondered where next they might go. -L

Ihe sound of lhe weaving sh€d drew them, With pulleys and shafts all a'go. , v And the (otton looms laid out before them, ,k ln row upon row upon row.

8 INDUSTRIAL AR.HAE)L)GY NEW, 143 AIA Fieldwork Awards 2OO7 fhere were a total of nine entties for this year's photographs and volume three discusses the Broadwood project in 2003.Ihe project aimed to award and these were of the usual diverse nature historical significance of the site and proposals investigate a series of potential clamp kilns in the and high standards. My thanks go to the judges for public interpretation. area. ln total six potential kilns were excavated, for naking the difficult decisions, but the clear The survey volume outlines where on the site one ol which proved to be a prehistoric storage Main Awad winner was Birningham certain processes took place and is supported by pit. Field surveying across the Yorkshire Dales Archaeology for 'fhe Valley Site Rhydymwyn, map, drawn and photographic evidence. revealed a number of previously unknown sites flintshirc Histotic Environment Management Ihe linal volume highlights the potential that are now recorded in the HER. Archive Plan'. fhe lnitiative Award we b fhe Sow Kiln management conflicts oI the site. Since the research was also undertaken into early lime Pruject: Excavation of clanp kilns in the Yofushire closure of the site it ha5 become a haven for burning techniques. Dales, and Highly Connended ceftificates were wildlile and it is difficult to idenrily viable options The report covers an historical overview of awaded to M.H. Jones and the Exmoot Mines for many of the buildings. Also given the lime burning in the Dales and a summary of Research Group for theh rcpoft on the West contamination and access difficulties visitor known kiln designs. Details of the methodology Some5et Mineral Railway incline winding house, options are limited.Ihere is a small visitor centre and topoqraphical survey are given. The and to David Ramsey fot his rcsearch into the that could be used lo show a virtual tour oI the dis(ussion concludes that this proiect has added Leicesteshirc slate and gnnite industries. site and caverns. Ihe report concludes that oral substantially to our knowledge of clamp kilns and history should continue to be collected and was able to identify clamp kilns were widespread Victoria Eeauchamp archive material collated with an on-site a(ross the survey area and were of a database. There should also be a full characteristic size, Iorm and structure across the photographic record of the graffiti and surveys area and that kilns were worked for a long period Peter Bone and steve Litherland attended theAlA made of Wwll ancillary features and pre-war of time. the work has shown that in theory it is conference on behall oI the Eirmingham features. Species identification could help identify possible to phase clamp kilns by their internal Archaeology Team to collect their Main Award field boundaries and help recreate the hisloric structure. The report's appendices include and give a short presentation about their work. environment. ln terms of interpretation a 3D excavation data with analysis of faunal remains once part of the Gwysaney Estatq the Parish of model should be made ol the caverns and and archaeomagnetic data, a gazetteer of clamp Rhydymwyn was established in 1865. Lead improved signage and interpretation panels kiln sites, illustrations and photographs. mining in the area is known to have been produced. A heritage officer could be appointed At two sites (Newby Cote and teizor Nick) extensive; a foundry associated with nearby and educational packs and a website developed. horse burials were found, involving some kind of mines is depicted on several early maps. Ihe lnitiative Award went to'The Sow Kiln ritual. Both assemblages ol bones were carefully Following the foundry's closure the land was used Project Excavation ol clamp kilns in the Yorkshire interred in the stoke holes in a ceremonial for agriculture until 1930 when the l\,linistry of Dales.An lngleborough Archaeology Publication'. manner, probably closure of the kilns. Ihe group Supply purchased the land and developed it as a David lohnson gave a las(inating short would be interested to know iI anyone else has purpose built chemical weapons factory and presentation about the project at the (onferen(e. come across any other rituals similar to this. storage facility. over 100 specialised buildings The proiect, funded by the Yorkshire Dales (email [email protected] il you have were constructed linked by an extensive rail Millennium Trust, the Yorkshire Dales National any information). network. lhe river Alyn was culve(ed and Park Authority and an anonymous benefactor, Two Iurther proiects were awarded Highly canalised and several rock caverns were was completed between January 2005 and Commended certificates and a small (ash prize. ex(avated. ln WWll the site produced mustard December 2006. lt followed an excavation of a M.H. lones and the Exmoor Mines Research gas and was associated with the development ol seventeenth-century clamp kiln that was part ol Group's 'Report on the Excavation of the lncline the atom bomb. Post war it has been used to the lngleborough Archaeology Group's Winding House of the West Somerset Mineral store German nerve gas and until the 1960s continued to be a (hemicalweapon site. Since the 1960s it has been used by various Government departments and as a buffer store for emergency {rI foodstuffs and rations, mobile bakeries and canteens. The site closed in 1994 and some buildings were demolished but around of 25% of = .l the 180 buildings of the chemical plant survive. Ihe admin blocks, chemical filling and assembly sheds and above ground storage have largely been lost. Thirty-eight buildings or distinct (drawn / \ strudures survive and were surveyed and ru .t ) photographic surveys). A visual inspection was ,/ made of the tunnels. Ihe project was lunded by *7 DEFRA. Work undertaken included an assessment of ?- documentary evidence, map evidence, an I / assessment of the current surveys of underground -a chambers, archaeological recording, digital video recording an assessment of the historical signilicance of the sire and preparation of B! a proposals lor public interpretation of the site. The I Irir1 4 result is a three-volume report that includes a -l qazetteer pre{actory of industrial features and t discusses the background to the building of the site and chemical processes undertaken. Volume Chaiman Matilyn Palnet presents the Main AIA Fieldwgtk and Re.oding Awad to Petq Bone and SEve Litherland of two giv€s detailed survey plans elevations and Biminghan Archaeology al the ketton @nferen e dinnet Photo: qarry Hood

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 143 9 Railway at Brendon Hill and a Conjectural work was (arried out on providing a water supply of slales found and descriptions ol the quarries Restoration of the Building and Winding Ior a water balance but it was discovered that this where they came from. Ihis is supported with Machinery' is a beautifully illustrated work wirh was unnecessary after the machinery was bedded map, documentary and photographic evidence. A detailed drawings of surveys and pictorial in. ln 1883 a 'Robey' engine was added. Ihe limeline of slate workings lrom Roman to 1908 interpretations ol the site. The incline was excavation and survey by the Exmoor l\rines shows the development of the industry in commenced in 1857 and was a twin track with a Research Group has given a much better Leicestershire. The work has now been published '1030m gradient oI l:4 and about long from understanding of the equipment and operation of in the Leicester lndustrial History Society Bulletin Comberow to Brendon Hill, lt was completed in the machinery in the winding house belore and Number I 8 (l5BN 978-0-955644500-4). '1858 and worked until the mines it served closed after 1883, and the survey drawings are other entries included: lan lVitchell, 'The in 1898 butwas reopened in'1907 and worked for exemplary Midland Counties Railway Basin and Coke Store another l0 years when the track was lifted and Ihe other Highly Commended work was at Long Eaton'; Shane Keller, Birmingham the incline machinery blown up for scrap. Ihe submitted by David Ramsey entitled A New Light Archaeology, submitted three entries whi(h report details the site's history as recorded in the on the leicestershire Slate and Granite included an archaeological impact assessment ol documentary and photographic evidence before lndustries'. The established view of the early slate the Former Corus Steelworks at Tipton, and outlining the survey strateqy and results. industry in teicestershire has been that the archaeologi(al desk-based and historic buildings The main purpose of the survey was to material was taken from ground within what is assessment of Tutbury Mill, Rochester, and an answer questions about the winding machinery now Swithland Woods in the north of the county. historic buildings assessment of 12,14 Eradford and housing that had not been answered by a However, the author believed that the area Street, Walsall; a final entry was received from previous survey in 1959. They were able to around the village of Groby is where indications l\,1R|AS on the Bridgewater Canal. conclude that the winding house was designed in of the earliest active slate and stone quarries still lf you would like to submit an entry for 1856-57. 'The setting out ol the building was linger and comparisons made with materials next year's please note the (hange in entry exemplary allowing for a one degree fleeing found at the recent excavations at Vine Street in date to 31 MARCH 2008. Full details anqle between the drums and the rails above.' the old Roman Town ol leicester (Ratae available from tieldwork and Recording Ihe machinery used 'venture into unchaned Corieltavorum) and material recovered from Awardt AIA Liaison Otficer, School oI territory .,,on a scale not aftempted before' but Groby have now conlirmed this view.Ihe author Archaeology & Ancient History, university of some modilications were attempted and some gives a detailed description of the various types Leicester LE1 7RH.

AIA NEWS

Affiliated Societies has links to the websites oI all Affiliates which make it wonh f6,400 to us. have is hope As you may know I have taken over from Ray them.lhere the that we may be able After the AGM at Preston in August I was (ombined Riley as Affiliated Societies Officer one of the to make the sites into a valuable, asked about the funds I had shown in the things Ray used to organise was the 'lronbridge readily accessible source ol lndustrial a(counts as being held at the bank. Were these Weekend', which did not, so tar as we know ever Archaeology records and information about funds not earning interest? I must make it clear attract delegates specifically from Societies, but activities. lf any Affiliate finds they have been that the term'bank'covers both funds held in please from individuals who were interested ln the omitted from the links contact Richard at current accounts and on deposit with COlt subjen. [email protected]. Please continue to send Charities Deposit Fund, so yet we are earning your publications ln April 2008, we will also be holding, jointly copies of so that they can be interest on the bulk of our monies. abstracted and/or reviewed. ll your Society is with the Society for Post Medieval Archaeology, a not Eruce Hedge, Hon. freasurer joining Conference at Leicester 'Crossinq affiliated to AIA please consider and so called Paths or joining Sharing Tracks, Future Directions for the in the promotion of lndustrial AIA Publications Awards 2007 Archaeological Study of post-1550 Britain and Archaeoloqy. The Occasional Publi(ations Award wa5 keland'. Ihis will also mark lhe launch ot the Christine Ball presented at the Preston Conference to Christine Centre for H istori(al Archaeology at the School of Clayborough on behalf of the lohn Wheelwright Archaeology and An(ient History and will replace Good News... Bad News Archaeological Society for their excellent the usual lronbridge Weekend for next year The good news is that the Chancellor of the publication on Low Mill, Dewsbury written by Society delegates and interested individuals are Exchequer announced in his budget statement oI Kath Keith and Stuart Wrathmell. lhe Journals encouraged to attend. Details will be in the 2'l March 2007 that the Basic rate of income tax Award was presented to Dr Rodney Hall on behalf Newsletter and on the website. would be reduced lrom 22o/o to 20oh ftom 2008- of rhe Hampshire lndustrial Archaeology Society ln 2009, there will be more extensive 9. Good news lor individuals but less so for for No. 14, 2006. Tlis is the second time that celebrations of the tercentenary of Abraham charities such as ours. What it means is the value Hampshire has won this award, so while we Darby's Iirst successful experiment using coke in of the Gift Aid charities can claim back from HIV congratulate them we hope that other societies the blast furnace. The AIA will be involved in the Revenue & Customs will fall by I1.4%. will take note and challenge their position next organisation ofevents at lronbridge, and we hope All members who are basic rate taxpayers year! Ihe Newsletter Award was not given this to provide at least a weekend conlerence. For the and have not signed a GiftAid Declaration would year. 5eminar being planned lor the 2009 AIA perhaps like to reconsider doing so. Forms forthat Marilyn Palmer Conference in tincoln it is hoped to bring purpose can be obtained from James Gardiner, together Societies oI lnduskial Archaeology and AIA office, School of Ar(haeological Studies, New members History and oI Local and Family History and have University of Leicester, teicester, LEI 7RH. TheAlA welcomes the lollowing new members: (ontribulions based on their combined Telephone 0116 2525337, or email: T.D. Cantle, Slough approaches to a subject. Please talk with your [email protected]. Members who have Mr F.R. Hanley, Marlborough neighbouring Societies to try to find out what already signed a declaration need take no action. Mr I Manning, Edinburgh may be possible to bring to the Seminar. Better news for your Association is that an Mrs J. Morrit Hove 0ur relationships with Affiliated Societies are anonymous donor has again funded the lnitiative Miss M.R. Perkins, Altrincham not being overlooked in all this. Richard Hartree Award we make and the Conference Bursary fund Miss A.L.H. Sebille, Tonbridge Wells has been trying to ensure that the AIA website to the tune of f5,000 which, after gift aid, will [rr G.V & iilrs M. Smith, Newbury

10 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEws 143 OBITUARIES

Robina McNeil Robina trained as an archaeologist at ln 1957-61 Becher studied typography at the The death of Robina McNeil on 29 July 2007 University College, London, belore qoinq on to Staatliche Kunstakademie in Dr.jsseldorf, working comes as a sad blow to the many who knew her research the medieval salt mines oI Cheshire in advertising to support himself Here he met both as an outstanding archaeologist and a following her graduation. 5he joined the Hilla and she joined him at the Kunstakademie in champion of the industrial archaeology of north- University of Manchester Field Archaeology 1958. There was no photography course there; west England. Diagnosed with lung cancer in Centre (part of the Greater lvlanchester photography was not considered to be fine art. 2006, she had seemed to recover so well from her Archaeology Unit) in 1986 and became its Working on their own, at first with a Rolleiflex chemotherapy and was very cheerful, if tired, Director and County Archaeologist for Greater and moving up to a large-format plate camera, when I met her at a seminar on industrial Manchester. As such, she was totally involved in they travelled around the Ruhr in a Volkswagen heritage strategy in Swindon in early June this demonstrating the fragility of Manchester's van photographing industrial structures, carrying year and then walked with her along parts of the industrial heritage and working to ensure its ladders and scaffolding to get the best viewpoint Llangollen Canal when we were both auending a sustainable development, a policy still being for their exposures. Longer journeys were made seminar in Wrexham to discuss the proposed pursued by her colleagues like Norman Redhead, later, the van serving as bedroom, improvised nomination of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct as a as attendees at the Friday seminar at the AIA darkroom, and nursery for their son Max. In 1963 World Heritage site. She was very familiar with Preston Conference will have seen, as well as by they held their lirst exhibition, in siegen, at the the problems associated with such nominations, Mike Nevell and his colleagues at the University Galerie Ruth Nohl, where visiting locals were both as a member of |CO|VOS UK and as a result of lvanchester Archaeological Unit. ln 2000, she somewhat perplexed to find industrial images of her tireless etforts to try to ensure that and lvlike wrote the comprehensive Guide to the displayed for inspection. Their first book, lndustrial Archaeology of Manchester tot lhe Manchester remained on the Tentative List of Anonynous Sculpturcs - a fypology of lndustial AlAs annual conference which in that year was Eritish World Heritage sites. Buildings i.l910) btought them to the attention of held jointly the lvlillennium Conference of She edited with John Walker a series of with the anworld.ln 1972 and 1977 they were invited TlCClH, giving the GuliCe a worldwide Heritage Atlases on the Manchester area, which circulation. to show their work at the Documenta exhibition Most recently, she contributed extensively to the included lre fextile Legacy (l996) and in Kassel. The Bechers were influenced by the two volumes which make up the Archaeological Warchouse Album(1997). The fourth issue of this work of new obiectivity German photographers Framework for Nofth-West England, published in series is entitled Manchestet - Archetype City of of the 1920s, for example August Sander, and the (2002), 2006. We were just in time to dedicate to her the the lndustrial Revolution in which she industrial Ruhr landscapes oI Albert Renger- Guide to the lndustrial Archaeology of waxed lyrical as she often did - about Patzsch. Lancashirc, to which she had again contributed, lvlanchester's role as a symbol of the new Iheir publishel Lutz Schirmer, has always at this year's conference based in Preston. lndustrial order and a model for the insisted that their work is Fine Art and has our sympathy goes to her husband Brian transformation of a city from small-scale (onsistently disapproved of notions that they Ayers, County Archaeologist lor Norfolk, and to domestic industry to a full-blown industrial city have also carried out important industrial whose influence was felt in other major European all her colleagues in Manchester who, like all of recording. He will only allow the books to be sold textile centres such as Rouen and Ghent. This us, will miss her liveliness and enthusiasm both under the heading'photography', not even under volume was subtitled 'Proposed World Heritage for the archaeology of buildings and lor the 'architecture'.Ihis means that their work is only Site' and I was asked to launch this in Manchester industrial heritage. published in expensive art books and so not as at what seemed be the beginning of an Marilyn Palner to well known in lA circles as it should be. ln 1966 optimistic campaign to promote the acceptance they spent six months photographing structures of World Heritage status for the city, a project Bernd Becher in Britain, mainly the coal industry, and the Tate which has since fallen away in favour oI Sadly the German photographer Bernd Becher Gallery in London has a collection of their pithead increased development. At least Robina was died in Rostock on 22 June 2007 from photographs taken between 1965 and 1973. successful in achieving, on the whole, the complications followinq heart surgery With his ln Britain the Bechers discovered that people sensitive re-development oI the mills of the wife Hilla they spent their time together generally did not find their interest curious... Ancoats area which she regarded as being on one photographing industrial structures using a large 'perhaps because it was here the industrial of the first industrial suburbs in which industry format camera and their iconic imaqes are now revolution started. ln this country there is a love and the network of canals were closely related. known internationally (see lA News 125, pages Brunel, Stephenson 12 & 13). The citation for the Hasselblad Award of inventors and engineers; (2004) claimed that'Bernd and Hilla Becher are and Wau are heroes'. rl the point among the most influential artists of our time. For The Goethe lnstitute obituary made n picture passing ^_L more than forty years they have been recording that the Bechers always a time or 'Not the heritage of an industrial past ... their a time already past. incorrectly, the term systematic photography of Iunctionalist industrial archaeoloqy has been coined for this ar(hitecture brought them recognition as work'. lt hardly needs to be said that the Bechers t conceptual artists as well as photographers'. The worked wonders for the acceptance of industrial wonderful prints that they exhibited were made archaeology in Germany. Thet work emphasised by Hilla. their work, in monochrome, is very the need to preserve some of the structures they matter of Iact with exposures made in overcast photographed and they were inlluential in the light, avoiding contrast. retention of the art-deco zollern colliery at Bernd came lrom a coal-mining family and Dortmund-Bovinghausen in the Ruhr. was born in Siegen, Westphalia, a coalmining city, Bernd was professor of photography from l1 dominated by a giant steelworks. Atter studying 1976 until 1996 and taught at the Dilsseldorf painting and lithography with Karl Rdssing at the Academy of fine Arts, where Hilla also taught. ,|, Staatliche Kunstakademie in Stuttgart from 1953 Bernd was a gifted and patient teacher and his I to 1956 he returned to siegen and attempted to disciples became numerous and successful. After I draw the steelworks. Bernd discovered that Bernd's retirement books appeared in regular t drawing was too slow demolition was taking succession; Mineheads 11991), Franework place and he could not keep pace with it. He was Houses (2001), lndustrial Landscapes i.2002), \ i reduced to using a 35mm camera and found that Cooling fowers (2006) and Grain Elevators a the photographs were a more powerful visual Q006). Phota. Michael Nevell record than his drawings. Robeft Car

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 143 11 NEWS

A Preston postscript The distinctive steeple (at over 300 selling shares and lor which he was Peter Street between the wars. feet high, reputedly the third tallest seeking Royal Charter a Somewhat overlooked in this Each AIA Conlerence generates a a for in England), is one which, as Pevsner monopoly supply gas throughout anniversary year for the gas industry range of interesting points to Iollow to '...one not the whole idea which Lane ol up after returning home, and so it comments does of Britain, an is Golden in the City stone, was over 140 years ahead its London, which was the first street in was with our time in Preston. forget...' lt is oI light of permanent gas Higherford Mill, which we visited contrasting with the brown stone oI timel the world to have body church. Pevsner other early promoters gas lighting.ln 1805, William Brown and from the Pendle Heritage Centre is the of the of describes 'Hansom's under restoration by the Heritage the church as lighting, notably the Boulton and ,oseph Parry formed the Genuine personal . . (whose Trust for the North West. the mill most building. alarmingly Watt Company engineers, Beer Brewery in Golden tane, pledging featured in the television series individual.' William Murdoch and SamuelClegg, to beat the established 'Restoration Village', and a good Henry Gunston are credited with pioneering the london brewers in terms of both techniques of making gas from coal) price and quality. They purchased a description appears on pages 104- advocated the localised small gas plant from Josiah 109 of the English Heritage book by Celebrations of gas manufacture of gas, in factories and Pemberton of Birmingham, which Philip Wilkinson which accompanied industry history the series, together with fine other large establishments and was used to light the brewery and a This photographs of the mill by Peter summer saw ceremonies in vigorously opposed the radical idea total of 11 street lights in Golden gas Williams. tondon to mark two separate of making in centralised works lane and Beech Street. ln August milestones in the early history oI the piping streets. At Fiddlers Ferry on the Sankey and it through the 1807, fhe Athenaeum magazirc gas Canal we saw the TID (lass tug industry ln rune 2007 a'green However, Winsor's business model reponed'the single row of lamps plaque'was prevailed, Bonchurch. A recent illustrated unveiled, in response to despite the failure oI his fully illuminate both sides of the initiative article by Mike laylor in Archive an from the lnstitution of National Heat and Light Company lane...the experiment has been Gas Engineers and Managers, at attract investors gain rather performed than magazine {issue 54, pages 3-20) to or better 100 Pall lvall in London mark group covers the history of the TID tugs, to the Government support. A oI lFrederick Winsor'sl at the back of anniversary the public which were'the largest class of tugs 200th of ftst inlluential backers met in London in Carlton House.' lt is understood demonstration oI gas ever constructed in Britain'. Under street lighting. .,uly 1807 to lorm what was to that, unlike the lights in Pall Mall, the direction of the shipyard oI This demonstration was carried out become the Gas Light and Coke these gas lights remained in place years. Richard Dunston at Thornq near in lune 1807 by trederick Winsor, a Company, with more modest for some gas just Doncaster, separate sections of the German entrepreneur who had ambitions to supply to lan West previously TID tugs were built during the witnessed a display of Central London. This initiative was gas Second World War at widely lighting in Paris before moving elfectively marked in a second qas green Kelham lsland Museum distributed engineering workshops, to London. A simple retort in his ceremony, the unveiling of a and then brought by road to own house in Pall Mall was used to plaque to mark the site of the Gas and the June f lood make coal gas which small Light and Coke Company's first gas Dunstons for assembly. There were lit a Kelham lsland lndustrial Museum, number of lamps, firstly in Carlton works (the first public gas works in eight constructional 'units' for each the surrounding area and much of House Gardens and then in the the world) in Great Peter Street, hull, running from bow to stern, all the Lower Don Valley was flooded to nearby street. These demonstrations which opened in 1813. This plaque of which were finally welded a depth of over 1.4m in June 2007. were designed attract publicity private together and litted out to form a to was sponsored by a The museum is officially closed until National Heat tight individual, tug. A total of 182 TlDs were built, for the and Graham Darling, whose further notice as both infrastructure Company, which Winsor was father worked lor the GLCC at Great 152 of them al lho'ne. Bonchurch in and larger industrial machinery was herself is illustrated on page 20. damaged. The staff have been At Bancroft Mill, Barnoldswick, workinq exceptionally hard to save where some of us sat almost the .ollections and move items to a mesmerised by the fascinating higher level, but the clean up syncopated motion of the mill operation will take some time to engine running, it was interesting to complete. A thick layer of mud note that the names ofjobs of those t covered almost everything; the River working in weaving sheds had been I d I Don engine and other industrial carved onto the wooden benches I machinery will need to be stripped which were provided for visitors. I down and cleaned.The power oI the noted down the following: , water was most evident in the car l Cloth Looker, Dresser, Fire Beater, I park next to the River Don where Loomer, Loom Sweeper, Millwright, { / the tarmac was lilted up and Reacher ln, I 7 itt overlooker, Sizer Tackler, smashed back down. Taper, Tenter, Wages clerk, Warper, el The recently opened SC0PE I Weaver, Winder. science activity zone has been lost, l\.4ost of ut on train journeys but the transport gallery part of the northwards through Preston, cannot recent f1.1 million lottery funded have missed the imposing steeple of ,) project to create a new mezzanine 5t Walburge's Roman Catholic ffi level, was not affected. The Church. This lay just a few yards museum's new large objects store away from our Conference was also damaged. accommodation and many oI us Sheffield lndustrial lVuseum walked along for a closer look. Ihe Trust and Sheffield Galleries and architect was loseph Aloysius Museums Trust have been working Angela Coopea deputy lotd l',layor of WestminsteL Richard Haddon, Prcsident of the Hansom, and the church was built in lnstitution of Gas Engineers Managers membet together to save damaged items. '1850-54, and and a of British Gas's London reflecting the strong Lanplightes Depaftment at the unveiling ofthe green plaque in PallMa The latter house the city's social Catholic presence around Preston. Photo: Gillian Dawson history collections at Kelham lsland

12 TNDUSTR|AL ARCHAEjL)GY NEws 143 NEWS and have been working hard to Councillor Mike Nevins. Ihis award salvage documents and other is the 25th in the series oI annual irreplaceable material. lnsurance awards by the SIHG. DOROTHEA RESTORATIONS grants will enable conservation Ihe tirst Earl ol Lovelace, Lord work and the redesign ofexhibitions Lieutenant of Surrey for some to take account of the new high decades in the nineteenth century water 'tide line' of oily residue constructed 15 bridges in his lorest around the premises. Ihe mureum at East Horsley to ease the transport Dorctrea ReOoraions has buih a repuhtirn for also received assistan(e from the of timber to his sawmill over the ddirering traditional and specialist engineering services nearby Fire and Police Museum who undulating ground and to avoid to those who arc looking after our indusbial heritage. have equipment. now museum numerous bridle paths. len of the range fom engineering exhibits but Iully useablg which bridges survive, and a project to Cutomers pumped out water lrom the conserve and restore them was en$usiasts to National Museurns museum and its grounds. started in 2003 in conjunction with ln September, the Duke of Forest Enterprise. The first to be E

,13 INDU'TRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 143 NEWS educational venue and create a 6- adequately catalogued for events and activities to Managing mining acre building on the skyline researchers. To some archivists, lhey commemorate the lite of Thomas features on farmland overlooking Swindon. lt will provide perhaps represent one of the more Clarkson, born lhere in 1760. He is The Environment of all-year, all-weather leisure and challenging record types. My claimed to be the man most Historic Service Cornwall County Council, in partner- educational adivities on a scale not research will develop new methods responsible for the abolition ol ship with its Devon equivalent has possible elsewhere. lt will protect to make technical drawings more slavery and the first to bring the published 12-page leatlet and make available to the nation understandable for archivists. This subject to the attention of William a free enlilled Managing Mining Featurcs over 200,000 obiects, many for the willbetter enable them to select and Wilberforce. Clarkson was the son ol on Famland: an introduction. ll has lirst time ever lt joins two catalogue appropriate records, and a srhoolmaster and born in Wisbp.h background on the Cornish Mining refurbished aircraft hangars with a make them more accessible for Old Grammar School (1549-1898), World Heritage Site belore covering simple but majestic glass atrium, research. I now needs to know what now the Conservative Club. A blue Shafts, Adits, builds a new great hall behind the sorts of technical drawings are of plaque on the building describes specific features: hangars and extends the atrium back most interest to researchers, and him as'Friend ofthe Slaves'.ln 1785 Ourcrop Workings, Pondt Buildings teats Spoil Heaps. are into this new structure. Education what information they want to find while a student at Cambridge, and Ihere notes General Land lvlanage- and conservation workshops are from them. Clarkson wrote a prize-winning on ment, Biodiversity, Listed Buildings incorporated into the central Archaeologists, conservators latin essay condemning slavery and and Scheduled Ancient ilonuments, structure and a lestival arena created and historians of industry are very from that year devoted his long life get outside. The design picks up on the welcome to collaborate with this to its abolition. He died aged 86, a followed by a section on where to help and simpli(ity ofthe giant structures with research. You are invited to help greatly respeded figure, at Playford advice.Ilis simple leaflet is a pradical clean lines and larqe volume' Ihe identify key issues, comment on Hall in 1846. A street in lpswich was and targeted spin-off from the recent WHS designation its angle of the hangars creates a research methodologies and named after him in the 1850s. and natural entrance and draws people findings, and to critically assess the Robeft Carr contents could easily be applied to through into the building. project's outputs. lI you would like similar landscapes elsewhere. The Science Museum Swindon to be part of the consultation leaflet is available lree Irom the EH's critical sites at risk process, or iust receive further Historic Environment Service, Kennall information, please contact: English Heritage has made an urgent Building, old County Hall, Truro TR1 Shadow drawing or '16 [email protected]. plea to save critical heritage sites, 3AY shadowy drawings? requiring expensive funding. Paul J. Sillitoe all Highlighting technical Those of lA interest in(lude: Calder Hall demolition Chatterley Whitfield Colliery (Stoke- drawings lntroduction to At Calder Hall in Cumbria the lour on-Trent), Cardington No.l Shed AIA members are invited help cooling towers were demolished by to industrial architecture (Bedford), Ditherington flax mill make drawings more explosives at 9.00am on Saturday technical Those ol you within easy access to (Shrewsbury), Soho Foundry (West under.tandable industrial 29 September 2007. Calder Hallwas for the city might like to know that Midlands), Birnbeck Pier (Weston archaeologists, heritage conserv- the world's first full-scale nuclear oxlord University Department for super Mare), Abbey Mills and power ator' and historical researchers. My station when it was opened Continuing Education will be Crossness pumping stations doctoral research is investigating by HM the Queen on 17 October running a course on industrial (London), Tynemouth Station (Tyne ways to bring technical drawings out 1956.Workington was the rirst town architecture over a ten-week period and Wear). and Wicker Arch and ofthe archival shadow and into the in the world to receive electricity Irom 2.00-4.00pm starting Ihursday Viaduct (south Yorkshire). lt is not research limelight. lnvolving from nuclear power The last of four 17 April 2008. The fee is f85. All easy to find investors when industrial research users of technical drawings nuclear reactors staned work here students will be expected to submit buildinqs are difficult to convert, or is key to ensuring that it addresses in December 1958. Will any early coursework at the end ofthe session they are poorly lo(ated lor modern nuclear power stations be preserved their real needs. Based at Liverpool points and ten CAT will be awarded businesses. Funding is now critical if posterity? University Centre forArchive Studiet Ior Residual radioactivity to students reaching the required such sites are to be saved. The 16 my PhD is lunded by the Arts and is likely to di5courage this. standard. The course location is 'basket cases' are perhaps the most Humanities Research council. Roben Carr Ewert House in North oxford, where exp€nsive of the'1,235 entries on the Technical drawings graphically access and parking is easier than in Buildings at Risk Register. Hudson Gallery at Bath represent engineering and the city centre. The tutor is Hubert manulacturing designs better gallery than Pragnell whose aim is to introduce A new has been named after description. These Belle Toute lighthouse Kenneth Hudson Museum any textual the student to the immense range of at the oI potent instruments power and of industrial buildings to be found in A trust has been established to Bath atWork in rulian Road, Bath. ln innovative thought depict progress, Britain, from the medieval to such attempt to buy the old lighthouse a long and distinguished career process and product across British on the clifftop Eeachy Head (entre twentieth-century icons as at in Kenneth Hudson was at the industry They developed rapidly Battersea power station and the East Sussex. The Belle ]oute oI the international museum scene from the 1830s, and dramatically Hoover lactory. Find further Lighthouse Preservation Trust is and h lelt it his role to speak for the increased numbers the in lrom information and enrolment on looking for donations so it can open museum visitor, not the officials. He reprographic public.Ite provided 1870s, wirh new wwwconted.ox.a(.uldcourses. the building to the Grade great support and advice techniques. l\,ly research spans this llJisted lighthouse became disused when r.B. Eowler & Sons closed in '1980s, period, up to the when in 1902, when the new lighthouse saved Thomas Clarkson and 1969 and the collection was computer-generated drawing was built down in the sea at the foot by Bath lndustrial Heritage. Kenneth increasingly replaced hand drafting. slave trade abolition of the cliffs. Sin(e then te Belle Hudson devised the name The Today, technical drawings have William Wilberforce was by no Toute lighthouse was a private Museum of Bath at Work. Ihe new research values lor industrial means the only campaigner for the house and a tea shop. lt was gallery made possible by a grant oI ar(haeology and heritage abolition of the slave trade and Hull Iamously moved back l7m (56ft) f25,000 from the Heritage lottery restorationt and for academi( and lsee lA News ,4r, p15) is not the from the crumbling cliff edge to its Fund, allows eight local societies to enthusiast study. Yet they are much only place to be holding bicentenary present position by engineers in have their own displays in the less likely than textual records to be celebrations this year. Wisbech has 1999. Details can be found at museum. selected as archives, or be its own, not dissimilar, series of www.belletoute.org.uk. Bath lnduntial Heitage frun

14 INDUSTRIAL ARcHAEoLocy NEW, 143 REGIONAL NEWS

South West England on a circular track otf Gower Street, London, was built by J. U. Rastrick at Nothing this year has been as significant as the designation of the Hazeldine Foundry, Bridgnorth NtrRITAGE Trevithick Cornish Mining as a World Heritage and is the only locomotive, which has not to date Site and it is probably still too soon ENCNNEERNNC replicated. Not to to assess the consequences of that been be out-done event. ln December 2006 the first the 'Murdoch Flyer' project in Preservtng Our Heritage For Future Generations Redruth has unveiled its replica, sign at a visitor attraction to include iust which is the designation was unveiled at the a scaled-up reproduction ol Our dedicoted 35 strong leom provide Murdoch's model steam carriage ol Trevarno Estate near Helston. turnkey solutions in tlre Heritoge inc uding Trevarno was for many years the 1784. Since lwrote in lA News 140, home oI the Bickford Smith family. Mec ho nicol E ngineering William Bickford smith was the the derelict Redruth Brewery site has inventor of the safety fuse and part sulfered a series oI major arson Archileclurol Metolwork attacks. Ilese are likely to lead to of the company's Iaaory remains in Tim ber E ngineering complete clearance site a ruinous state at Tuckingmill near the ol the Camborne. IheTrevithick Society has and all historic buildings. Bizanely, Technicol C o nsu lting responsibility for the most recent recently republished the Bickford ps Iire in lune has been claimed by the Conservolion Works ho Smith Centenary volume ot 1931 National Recenr proteds : 200 r /2002 and a new edition of Bryan Earl's self-styled Cornish Liberation Army. Ihe group, which definitive book on Cornish restorotion of world's oldesl working previously the Exp I os ive s. ln May the organisations has threatened (elebrity steom engine responsible for the WHS submission Cornish operations oI chefg Rick oliver, l5m timbgr woterwheel construction gathered at Cotehele House to see slein and lamie newcomen engine technicol osessmenl the Duke of Cornwall receive the apologised Ior the inconvenience 'by formal inscription lrom Dr Michtild caused the necessity to test design & build of lorgest cost iron structure Rossler representing UNESCo. ln incendiary devices in an urban erected in lhe lost 80 yeors iune Nicholas .lohnson, Cornwall environment.' CPR Regeneration is about to 22-24 Co,myle Avenue, Glosgow, Sco ond, G32 aHJ County Archaeologist, and a key unveil its master plan for the Pool +0044 111 763 0007 Fox +0011 141 763 0583 player in the bid, received an N4BE in fel area between Camborne and the Queen's Birthday Honours [ist. sores@herilogeengrne€ ng.com vww.he logeengineeting.com Redruth. This is the heart of the ln November 2006 the Royal In.orpolalin8 $lller MJ.FJ rhn. & Compdny Ltd in Cornwall Museum, Truro, purchased most concentrated mining area proposals a collection ol 16 drawinqs by artist Cornwall and the will Tolgus Tin, has re-opened for the at Terence Cuneo. They were require carelul scrutiny. Following can be found disputes Baseresult, Iirst time sin(e the demise of the www.kingedwardmine.co.uk . commissioned by Holman Brothers with owners of Trevithick Trust in 2004. owner There has been little or no and published as 'vigneftes' in their South Crofty Mine which they are seekinq reopen, master plan Treasure Park is seeking lunding for progress on the future use of the l50th anniversary history, Cornish to the retains ac(ess tin improvements. There were once former Perran toundry site at frglreeB. That book also contained now some for hundreds of such works, with fifteen Perranarworthal. Perran toundry five cuneo colour paintings, which mining at Crofty via the Cook's Decline in the Tolgus valley alone, so its was one of the great trinity of the museum has owned since 2004. Kitchen and luckingmill plan includes Kerrier survival is as important as more Cornish engine builders (the others The pencil sketches cover all aspects shafts.Ihe also park glamorous arteracts. The proposal to being Harvey and Copperhouse at of the company's work; of particular District Council's Heartlands employ hal, dozen professional Hayle) and the only one where delight is one showing 'Elephants proiect around the disused a actors dress up as old tin signilicant remains survive. The Hauling a Holman boiler through Robinson's 5haft, which is the to streamers operate the buildings were latterly used as a the Burmese jungle'. subiect ol a separate lottery and machinery seems somewhat less flour and seed warehouse and have ln the same month the funding bid. The buildings at essential. been empty sin(e 1986. Various lrevithick Society mounted a maior Robinson's have suffered vandalism and have just been added to English King Edward Mine held a proposals have been put Iorward exhibition at the Cornwall Centre, successlul open day at the end of and the current appli(ation was Redruth, on the Redruth Brewery Heritage's At Risk Register'. April, attracting some 1,300 people submitted in 2005.Ihis involves the showing many of the artelacts Simultaneously English Heritage to the site. Among the new items on restoration o, the buildings with a saved from the site. Ihe exhibition announced that, following display was the last shift cage Irom combination commercial, attraded a great deal oI interest expenditure oI f810,000, the of histori. site at Wheal Peevor had South Crofty used prior to (losure in residential and live'work usage. and was followed in July this year by been removed Irom the Register. 1998. Prior to this a meeting earlier Concerns about the effect of such a one on Holman Erothers. A turther in April had agreed found a large development on traffic and exhibition on'Extractive lndustries Following a su(cessful 2006 to support group. The Friends ol King inlrastructure plus the need to ol Cornwall' takes place in August. season with visitor numbers up 12%, Geevor Mine began in Edward Mine. lts aims are to raise saleguard the historic nature of the still on matters Trevithick, a work preservation, have conspired delay (ommemorative plaque was .lune on a f3 million restoration lunds for the site to project for 23 buildings on the site. (onservation and benefit of King progress. Additionally the site lies unveiled in l\4arch 2007 at the Bull Midas employ 20 Edward Mine and to encourage within a tidal flood plain and this Hotel, Dartford, where Richard Construction will people education, research and to raise has caused the Environment Agency Trevithick died in 1833, while in for the duration of the project. Geevor has awareness ol King Edward Mine. register its concern. Carrick Bridgnorth, Shropshire, a working srill aspirations to open some twentieth- lVembership is available at fl5 District council could give a decision party has been formed to explore to up of its annually for a Friend and f50 for a this autumn. the building a replica of lrevithick's century workings to visitors with Patron. More inlormation about ln Devon 60 years ol maritime 1808 'Catch-me-who-can' access Irom Victory 5haft. , tin streaming works, King Edward Mine and the triends history came to an end at Torbay locomotive. Ttris engine, which ran Ihe unique

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 143 15 REGIONAL NEWS this year with the departure of the flagship oI Admiral 5ir cloudesley the station opened in 1888 that it industry across the region has been two Western Lady ferries, which ran Shovel, and her accompanying fleet, has had such a bridge, passengers locally-oriented and there has been behveen Torquay and Brixham.Ihey were lost on the Gilstone near having previously used a gated a need to pull things together. To were the last of the ex-Royal Navy Bishop Rock. 1,450 men drowned. A crossinq. General Manager, Nick their great credit Somerset lA Fairmile B launches, once common programme of geophysics is seeking Brown, commented that 'the new Society organised a well-attended as pleasure vessels around our to establish the existence of burials Ioorbridge fits in so well you would day conference in February to begin shorcs. Western Lady l, RML 497, on neighbouring St Agnes. think it was an original feature of the task. lncluded were built by Southampton Steam Joinery lncredibly, although the alleged the starion.' All credit to the presentations on the twentieth- in 1941, will see further passenger place where the admiral's corpse volunteers and a challenge to Iuture century revival of Ilax processing. service in Swanage; Westero Lady was washed up is well known, no industrial archaeologists if they rely Pam slocombe, chair of the lA lV, RML 526, from the Solent other graves are currently known or solely on the physical remains to committee of the Wiltshire Shipyard in 1942, has been sold for marked. A major series oI events to interpret the passenqer experien(e Archaeological & Natural History private use. The last surviving British mark the anniversary is planned lor at this evocative country stationl society spoke on a government flax three masted wooden trading the autumn. ln Gloucestershire, the Iactory of 1940 on an industrial schooner, the ,(afhleen & May, islot Finally, the last year has sadly Cotswolds Canals Partnership has estate on London Road, Devizes sale for f3.5 million. Her Bideford seen the deaths oI two major figures submitted an f18.9 million bid to which produced fibre to be made owner has spent f2 million since in the field of Cornwall's industrial the Big Lottery for {unding the into webbing for parachute harness. rescuing her lrom Gloucester docks heritage. James Hodge, who has restoration of the Stroudwater This Roundway Flax l\4ill was one of in 1998 but can no longer aflord her died aged 87, was a gifted engineer canal between Saul lundion and the last of government flax factories upkeep. who worked with trank Whittle at Stonehousq a four-mile stretch that to close and operated until 1957. famar, lhe Journal of the Power rets and was Engineering and includes the major obstacles oI the Most of the buildings are likely to be Friends of Morwellham, has a report Research Director at Holman Bros 438, the M5 and a mainline railway. demolished lor housing and it is on an interesting structure at nearby from 1958 to 1974, where he Ray Wilson reports on the work of timely that their significance has Ferry Farm. This is now believed to worked amongst other things on the the Gloucestershire Society (GSIA) been recognised in time and that a be a kiln used to produce dried application of gas turbines. He was who supported the bid by carrying letter to the local press has enabled wood or 'white coal' used as a fuel successively the first Chairman and out a large number of'mini projects' contact to be made with Iormer for lead smelting from the late then President ol the Trevithick all related to the Canal. Not only workers. sixteenth to early eighteenth Society, author of a short life of does this dernonstrate community Pressures for development of century Such kilns are common in Trevithick and many technical involvement in the scheme but brownfield sites continues apace in Yorkshire, Derbyshire and Cumbria papers. Clive Carter, a later some oI the research has provided the region's larger cities and but the Ferry Farm example, which Chairman ol the society, who died information which will assist the passions have been high in Bath, almost certainly served the Buttspill unexpectedly aged 65 in late 2006, restoration.Ihe work done by GS|A some seeing a rerun oI the 'sack of lvine and its smelter, is the first to described himsell as'a well known members and friends counts as Bath'that did so much to damage be identified outside the north of figure around the harbour at match funding for the project and that city's Georgian heritage England. Morwellham Quay itself is Penzance, author, artist, maritime the value of the work done so far is towards the end of the last seeking volunteers for continuation historian, model maker, sometime nearly t21,000. For further economic boom in the sixties and of last year's archaeological activity, salvor, engineer, raconteur, information go to wwwgsia.org.uk/ early seventies. Two 'industrial' sites which investigated the railways in freebooter and Cornish Bard'. canals. have been at the centre of the main dock area there. Hugely knowledgeable on all our last report (Winter 2006) controversy. The first was the Iormer The Fairground Heritage Trust is aspects of cornish industrial history mentioned an upsurge in interest in offices and showrooms of Bath's now established in its permanent he will be sadly missed. A gathering the hemp and llax-based industries electricity undertaking, Churchill base at the lormer Dingles Steam ol family and friends at Geevor in ol south somerset, stimulated by the House.This fine building of the inter- Village, Lifton, now known as April saw a plaque unveiled beside inclusion of Dawe's Rope Works in war period has now been Dingles Fairground Heritage Centre. the Cornish stamps whose re- last summer's'Restoration Village' demolished, as have the remains of It is currently hosting an inaugural erection Irom Nancledra he had TV series. Previous work on the the generating station to the east Pleasurelands exhibition on the arranged some years before. world of the travelling fun Iair. Grahan fhorne offshore on the lsles of Scilly, work by the Tresco Estate on that West of England island has removed some of the Now that the Brunel bicentenary evidence of the World warl celebrations outlined in our last seaplane station RNAS Tresco. After report have been concluded, I a successful season last year, a attention has shifted to a more- second phase oI conservation will familiar fare of threatened sites and take place on the uninhabited island attempts to conserve and restore 7: of Samson to ensure the survival of industrial and transport heritage. this remarkable landscape, ln Dorset, there have been '1854. abandoned in work will also Iurther developments on the II"t take place on the little island ofTean Swanage Railway where volunteers !r where a late eighteenth century have saved an historic footbridge -T ruined farmhouse, once home to the Irom demolition and installed it at Nance family, who founded the Corfe Castle station. The bridge was Scillonian kelp industry sits on the built in 1893 by the london, is." site ofan early Christian chapel.This Brighton & South Coast Railway and october saw the l00th anniversary was previously in use at Me(on The lacade of wotld-fanous crane naker Stothett & Pitt's Newark Foundty in Lowet Eristol pldns of one oI Britain's greatest maritime Park until displaced by the Croydon Road, Bath, recently listed in the face of to redevelop the site. fhe architect Thomas Fuller emigated to canada where he was involved in designing the parlianent buildings disasters when HMS Assodation, Tramlink.Ihis is the first time since in Ottawa Photo: Peter Stanier

.16 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEW, 143 REGIONAL NEWS and rear of the site. Nearby, the to have been a sail loft. lt had a Iormer Newark Works of engineers large first floor room with larqe Cast lron Restoration and crane-makers, Stothert & Pitt, windows lor natural light, which has now been listed. The '1857 was used for making and repairing Cart lron Welding Serviccs, 3 genehtions \ building on Lower Bristol Road has sailing ship sails.Ihe hoist allowed of cart iron welding expcrience. a fine facade which laces the the sails to be lifted from the road Conservation and restoration of historic/heritage railway and many later buildings of and swung in through a door at rirst monum6nts, bridges, architectural iron work, fountains, rain this lamous Iirm survive to the rear Iloor level into the building. The water hoppers with cracks and corrosion that require of the site alongside the RiverAvon. building has now been demolished pr€s€rvation are restored with a unique pre-heat and fusion Demolition was proposed to make but the hoist has been moved to the welding process whidt matches the damaged base material. way ror 5t James Dyson's Dyson Dorman Museum in Middlesbrouqh. lntricate detail i3 restor.d to its original condition. Cracked S(hool oI Design and lnnovation Moving up to Tyneside the Tyne vintage engine blocks and cylinder heads are also restored and Eath Spa University's new arts and Wear Museums Archaeology without expensive pattern and re-manufaduring cost3. We campus, but it is now intended to Department have carried out work at have a fully fittcd machine shop for all machining keep the tacade and incorporate this the Hawks kon Works, Gatehead. requt'rements. in revised schemes. ln a more recenl Ihe original iron works was set up Projcc't management con3ultation and quotations. de(ision, only the new university on the site in 1747 byWilliam Hawks campus will be developed here. and Co, and the site grew rapidly ln Bristol, there have been a until 1840, but closed suddenly in number of schemes for adaptive 1889. The site to the south of the reuse ol some of the city's industrial road continued as the Kelvin works buildings that have survived in with buildings eventually being ruined or reused Iorm. these have demolished in 2005. The nonh side / included the fine carriage works of of the road was cleared by 1898 and 1862, listed Grade ll*, on Stokes a power station built on pan of the Croft to the north of the city cenlre, site. Buildings associated with the &i&. extensions to Christopher Ihomas's Baltic flour mill occupied other parts '!p.n elaborate Byzantine soapworks in of the site. This site was cleared Eroad Plain, Severn Shed (one oI the between 1973 and 1984 and the Samson Road, Hermitage lndustrial Estate, oldest transit sheds on ]he Grove, lngersoll Rand building built. This in Co.lville, Leicestershire LE67 3FP originally built on the banks of the turn was demolished in 2006. Tel:01530 811308 Floating Harbour to handle Excavation of the site has revealed Email: [email protected] imported hides) and the two remains of all phases of the use of CA t Web: wwwcastironwelding.co.uk remaining'untouched' warehouses the rrom site the iron works throuqh n, seraices ltl. opposite on Redcliff 8acks, known to the power station. i*nw"ll; as 'Huller House' and the 'Cheese Moving up into the Pennines Warehouse'. Nearby, on Redcliffe Cumbria Amenity Trust (CAT) have 1319 for mining in the Caldbeck oldest remaining examples in Wharf, a temporary urban beach is completed the opening of the tells and the German miners started Europe and show that the Lake to be installed prior to development entrance to Middlecleugh Mine at work circa 1566 in Silver Gill. District is the home of the railway in on this historic quay. Such is the the head of the Nent Valley and the Excavations along one of the closed €ngland. changing face and usage of Bristol's North Pennine Heritage lrust have adits revealed a small piece of ln the same area recent carbon old dockside! Elsewherg work is finished the restoration ol the mine timber with I inch diameter holes dating ol charcoal from a bale site now undenray on 8acks, shop next to the entrance. Also in drilled in it pegged to the floor with (ancient smelter at Calebreck on the where the fa(ade oI the Iormer the Penninet an experiment took wooden pegs. Two flat boards also eastern side oI the fells has given a municipal power slation is to be place to compare the firing of a with holes approximalely 'l inch date oI 1092 at the time that the kept. Nearby on Counterslip, traditional Pennine limekiln and a diameter were also found but not in Carlisle mint was working. signilicant pans of the former Romanian kiln. A qroup of situ. A ,urther six pieces similar to Previously, releren(es to the Carlisle Bristol Brewery and the remains of Romanians from Meziad visited the the one still fastened to the floor Mines have always thought to have finzel's sugar refinery that were area and first fired a Romanian-style have been lound. Carbon dating has been the mines in theAlston district. incorporated into the brewery kiln built especially for the event provided a date to the early But this finding may suggest that buildings in the 1920's are to be near Bowes and then a restored Elizabethan period. An inventory of the lead and silver was coming from 'stitched in' to this large mixed-use traditional kiln near Cowshill in 1586 states that tlvo RowleWagons Silver Gill instead. ln the centre of development. other s(hemes are in Weardale. The experiment showed were being used atCaldbeck aswell Carlisle the discovery ol a Roman preparation and it seems there will that the Romanian-style kiln as other mines in the Lake Distrid. lead smelter with ore that is soon be few ruined or untidy produced 1.8 tons of putty lime from The people who found these suggested to have come lrom the remnants oI Bristol's rich and 4 tons of limestone using 10 tons of artefacts along with specialists in Lake District, opens up the diverse industrial heritage left for us wood as fuel whilst the traditional early waggonways lrom the possibility that the Romans were to savour and campaign about. kiln produced 2 tons oI putty lime National Railway Museum in York mining lead in the caldbeck Fells Mike Bone Irom 5.5 tons ol limestone and 1.5 who have visited the site believe which are only l4 miles from tons of coal and (oke. that these remains are oI an early Carlisle and there is evidence they Northern England ln the Lake District a group o, waggonway consisting of sleepers were working a quarry only 5 miles Starting on Ieeside, Tees mine explorers including Warren laid parallel to the wall of the adit away. turther work is on going in Archaeology have recorded a sail Allison,Sam Murphy and Rob Smith with boards fixed to the top along Silver Gill to try and open more ol hoist, this was installed in the roof have been working in the which the wagons run with possibly these early workings. space oI a building on the corner of Rouqhtongill and Silver Gill area on a metal spike between the boards to out on the west coast ol vulcan 5t. and Dock 5t. which Irom the medieval lead and silver mines. keep the wagon in line. lf these cumbria an archaeoloqical nineteenth-century maps is shown Documentary evidence goes back to Iindings are correct these will be the invesligation of Pottery Park at

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 1$ 17 REGIONAL NEWS

Dearham has been carried out. This 1998, but is estimated to have Also in South Walet in one oI former open-cast site at Trimsaran. site was a pottery that was adive reserves oI up to 90 million tonnes. the former prosperous industrial The 608 acre Ffos tas Mine closed from the mid eighteenth century Ihe mine's owners stated lhat it towns at the'Heads of the Valleys', 10 years ago. The redevelopment until the early 1900s. Excavation would be capable of producing up The Brynmawr Historical Society and scheme includes the customary revealed a large dump of mainly to one million tonnes of coal a year Brynmawr and District Museum are hotel, restaurant, public house and earthenware sherds. The main for the next 25 years and around putting together a trail which will oI aourse 250 new houses. buildings were an L-shaped block 120 jobs should be created at the include a series of interpretive ln North Wales, distressing lA with the end walls still upstanding site by early next year. panels to highlight the town's news has been reported in issue 197 but no evidence o, the kiln was The drift mine is the lirst lo be heritage. the project is one of the of the caving magazine Descent. found. The local people were invited opened in Wales since Betws HERIAN Heritage in action This is the sudden demolition and to visit the site during the Colliery at Ammanford in 1974. programme known as'This is Our destruction at the Robey lncline excavations and examples of the Horizon Mining, the company Heritage'. Brynmawr expanded lrom Head at Llechwedd slate quarry type of pottery made were brought behind Unity, also has four other a village to a large industrial Blaenau Ffestiniog.The Robey steam alonq. mine sites in South Wales under settlement in the early nineteenth winder, later converted by the Grahan Brooks development. When coal mining century when new housing was installation of a large electric motoI, was at its peak in the 1920s period, constructed for the employees and stood almost intact in its housq around 600 large scale pits were their families at Nant-y-Glo along wiith compressors and other Wales working in the South Wales ironworks and the surrounding large machines. But in late May Wales Bref news from the South coalfield. Until Unity opened, the collieries. The town itself developed 2007 allthis was smashed when the coalfield. ln 2007, the Guardian and only malor deep mine still operating a thriving boot-making industry to site was suddenly bulldozed, first BBC News reponed that the was Tower Colliery at Hirwaun, supply these workers. apparently with no aftempt to save coal in a decade has emerged from owned by the workert which is ln Carmarthenshire, the first the machinery for a museum. Cadw the reopened drift mine in the Neath rumoured to be closing next year National Hunt Racecourse to be put a stop to further demolition but N4ine at Valey, South WaLes. Unity because its reserves have been built in the UK for 80 years is of course it was too late. Cwmgwrach, had been closed since exhausted. currently being constructed on the Pat Frost

LETTER

The lndustrial argued views and indeed it is appear to have in common, myself not want to understand this wider passion oI the included, is the recognition of the context and indeed deny that there Archaeology debate relreshing to see the current debate. centrality to modern lA of is any. others may deride the 'third generation' As one oI the ol Secondly, archaeoloqy is the technology, technological change in attempt to place technoloqical industrial archaeologists and a co- study of the pr./slcal remains of the the lndustrial Revolution, and the change in a wider context as wildly proponent 'l\4anchester of the past in all its forms from bricks to detailed recording and spe(ulative. Yet for those of us who Methodology' I have been lollowing documents, and by this measure lA interpretation that this requires. do see the need for a wider context nature of the debate on the is very firmly a branch of Therefore, to concentrate wholly to lA, the debate should not be lndustrial Archaeology both here archaeology and not some special on technology is to ignore the about whether we should do these and in // Pevlerywith keen interest. reserve oI the technologically individuals who built and ran the things and whether this is truly lA, Some correspondents have assumed literate. Again, this is an an(ient machines, those who used the but how well we understand the that lndustrial Archaeology is debate from the 1950s and 1960s technology, and the landscape and interconnection between machine nothing but the archaeology oI and to argue otherwise is to let social impad of technological and landscape, and society and technology, an ancient debate that those archaeologists who are not change that is one of the key technoloqical change, an goes back to the 1950s, whilst convinced of the need for lA to features of the lndustrial understanding which Tom Rolt, the others have argued that lA is deride us as peripheral. Revolution. lf we don't understand founding father oI lndustrial completely separate to so-called Thirdly, and in the current the wider context oI these changes Archaeology, first began. 'main-stream' archaeology. context most importantly, what all then we will not understanding their Dr Michael Nevell is tempting to (haracterise It correspondents in this debate wider meaninq. Some people may U n i vers i ty of M a nc hes te r this debate as a sterile, polarised, argument between the pure technologist and the technophobe academic. So perhaps belore the so AIA Spring Visit to Saarland far lively debate becomes too fevered it would be wise to highlight 2OO8 a few points. 19 - 24 May Firstly, there is no place in our star attraclion ol'this important lbrmcr coal and stecl area 0n thc Ililcr S ar in discipline lor snide comments and lhc insults. Not only is this Germany bordering Frunce is undouhtedl) thc inunense Voelldinger ironuorks. thc first unprofessional but its runs aqainst indLrstrial nlonumenl to become a Worlii Ileritagc site but othef attractive sites include an the spirit ot cooperation and nruseunr Loshein) steanl enthusiasti( exchange of eighteenth-centur] oil nrill. the raihlav at anl See. the oldest inlormation that is one of the rvinding clginc ou thc Saar corlllcld at Vclscu aud a cit) r'ich in ccranics ovcl thc bordcr pleasures of the lA community. in France. Tralel bv coach. \\'ith slops in Reinrs and Ellernav lbl a chunrpagne rrpr:rilnrc. Worse, it runs the risk of alienating To be put on the contact Paul Saulter. 80 L;djmore Road. R1c. Susser. I much oI the AIA membership. nlailing list. TNI However, there is nothing wrong 7D\'lbr details in the earll part ol'next tear. L,pdates on $r\\.heritageollndnstrr.co.Lrk with strongly held and strongly

18 INDUSTRIAL AR:HAEaLjGY NEWs 143 PUBLICATIONS

Local Society and other periodicals received trusts.Ihe author uses accounts of travellers to illustrate past conditions, and gives examples ol road hauliers lrom horse-drawn days to motor Abstracts will appear in lnduntial Archaeology Review. coaches.Ihe book enthuses about how old routes can be traced throughout the beautilul landscape of Dorset, a county, incidentally, without a single mile of motorway. Attractively produced and attractively priced. Erewety History Society Newsletter,3T , New Year 2007; 18, Spring 2007 Cumbria lndustrial History Society gulletin,68, August 2007 Hampshirc lndustrial Archaeology Society Focus on lndustial Perfectly Pure: A Dircctory of Someqet Brewers excluding old North Somerset, by Mary Miles. 8rewery lA Society, Archa eo I o gy, 68, )ure 2007 History Society & somerset 2006. 132pp, over 108 illus.|SBNl from the Hanpshirc lndustrial Archaeology Society lournal, 15, 2007 873966 l4 8. f 10.95. Available Hampshirc Mills 6toup Newsletter,lT, Summer 2007 Brewery History Society, 102 Ayelands, NewAsh 6reen, Longfield, Kent DA3 ICE Panel lot Historical Engineering Works I'lewsletter,l'14, )une 2007 8JW. lndust al Heritage,33/1 spring 2007 While many may asso(iate Somerset with cider, few would - Lancashire History Quarterly, 1 1 11 , Summet 2001 I PERFECTLY PURE re(ognise county's proud lirlrbrr-dtlL.r-r Leicestershire lndustrial Hktory Society Bulletin, 18 the I history oI brewing recorded Leicestershhe lndust al History Society Newsletter. Summer2007 from I 1638 to '1966 which saw many Merseyside lndust al Hetitage Society Newsletter,276, )une 2007 I partnerships Museum of Bath at Work Newslettel Summer 2007 innovations, and Renlrewshire Local Histoty Forum Journal, 13,200516 mergers. Despite the loss oI commercial 1960s, Scottish lndust al Heritage Society Bulletin,43, June 2007 brewing in the Somerset be(ame leader Suflolk lndust al Archaeology Society Newslefrer, 98, August 2007 a in the Real revival and number oI Surrey lndustrial History Grcup Newsletter, 158, July 2007 Ale a micro breweries thrive here. Sussex lndustrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 135, )uly 2001 now book is a gazetteer Sussex Mills Group Newsletter, 135, luly 2007 Ihe oI known particular frevithick Society NewsletIer,134, December 2006; '135, [,larch brewers with emphasis 2007 (an n frevithick Society lournal, 33, 2006 on those sites that be Waterwords: News from the Waterworks Museum, Hereford, identified. lt includes publican Spring/Summer 2007 brewers, retail brewers and Worcesterchire lndustrial Archaeology and History Society tournal, commercial brewers. Entries from Irrqulrrux*r*rr 32, Summer 2007 trade directories are olten supplemented by turther photographs and illustrations from other Yorkshhe Hbtory Quatterly, '1212, Summet 2007 details, sources. They include town breweries such as at Bridgwate, Crewkerne, Frome, Taunton and Wiveliscombe. Shepton irallet boasted the fine Anglo- Bavarian Brewery, while iust up the road the village of Oakhill had a large Short N otices brewery and maltings served by its o!,/n narrow gauge railway. Other details are devoted to village breweries and maltings. Packed with intormation, the A 6uide to the lndustial Archaeology ol Lancashire, ed. by Michael book shows how information on a particular industry can be gathered Nevell and David George. Association lndustrial Archaeology, 2007. Ior together for public readership and is a stimulus to researchers to ,ollow illus.|SBN 978 0 9528930 9 7. 56pp,94 f5.50. likewise in neighbouring counties. The latest of the AlAs successlul guides illustrating the county around the venue of each I year's annual conferen(e, it is well LAtICASHIRE produced, with many illustrations THE BOOK HOUSE and clear location maps. Ihe book The leading industrial archaeology booksellers begins with a brief background to since 1963 - books on all aspects of Lancashire and the work of technology & transport ! recording and preserving its I industrial heritage, the main LISTS ISSUED. FREE SEARCH SERVICE a gazetteer covers the areas of We have moved a short way to Erough. on lhe A66 trunk road be' i tween Scotch Corner & Penrith Our new premrses are in Grand Prix Lancaster and the Lune Valley, ! \ Buildings at the north end of the main streel - there are usually ! Preston and the Fylde, Southpon il several Grand Prix coaches in the yard and West Lancashire, Burnley and a The new shop is normally open frcm 1oam to 4.30pm except the Upper Ribble Valley, and on Sundays & Tuesdays, but Brigid may be away at a book i Elackburn and Rossendale fair or confercnce so please ing fitst if coming frcm a dis- ! Uplands. Museums and other tance. Phone or wite for a catalogue or lollow the link from ! attractiont and funher reading, our website. ! prominent, ! are listed separately. Although, unsurprisingly, textile sites are The Book House, Grand Prix Buildings, Brough, I there are many other topics such as canalt loundries, housing, paper Kirkby Stephen, CAt 7 4AY i making, port5 railwayt roadt wind and water mills, and much more. f 01768342748 www.thebookhouse.co.uk el !

Discover Dorset: Roadt fracks & fumpikes, by David Viner. Dovecote Press, 2007. 80pp, 58 illus. ISBN 9781904349143. f4.95. A new addition to a county series which includes other lA topics.Ihis one explores aspects oI roads and trackways from the prehistoric, Roman VISIT THE AIA WEBSITE and medieval periods (with notes on sunken hollow ways, packhorse bridges, etc) to the turnpike age with its tollhouses and milestones still very w$ $. indust rir l-r rchaeology. org. uk much in evidence. Erief summaries and dates are qiven o, the main turnpike

NDUSTRAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 1$ 19 DIARY

contact: Professor Marilyn Palmer, School ol Archaeology and Ancient lnfornalon for the diary should History University Leicester, ol be sent diredly to tle Editor as University Road, Leicester LEI 7RH, See inside lor details. To be put on soon as it is available. Dates of Tel: +44 (0)1162522604. E-mail: the mailing list, contact Paul Saulter, [email protected] 80 Udimore Road, Rye, sussex, TN31 I naiting and last dates fot 7DY lor details in the early part of I receipt of copy are given below. at the Unvcrsty of Le cester, the year. updates on next I nems wilt normally aryl in conlerence,rims to br ng together www heritageof industryco.uk surcessive issues up to the rcprrsCnl.llvrs lrom the AlA, the the South East Region lA I date Socl.ly ior Post l,4ed eva Conference, hosted by the Greater I ol the event. Please ensure Ar.haeo oqy, the Contemporary London lA Society. Advance notice I deaik are sent in il you wish in san ,ose, California, UsA, the H sior.,r Ar.ha.oogy and Theory only. your event to be advised. 37th Annual Conference the I rt, th(' r sh Post [4ed .\]. of Society lndustrial Archeology. Arch,ri,o oqy 6roup, and the for Detailt booking and membership on fdustr a Her tnqe Assoc at on of the 5lA web-site, wwwsia-web.org. r.land to cons der the at the Bakersfield Community THE AIA WEBSITE'S corrrrofn t {,! hetween approach|s Centre, Sneinton Dale Nottingham, DIARY SECTION GIVES as we I as lhc !nique contr butions hosted by the Nottinghamshire lA FULLER DETAILS OF THE made by nembers oi each Society. For details and a booking at Lackham near Chippenham, LATEST NOTICES OF orgnnls.tion to!/ards the study ol Iorm send sAE to EMIAC 75, loan Wiltshire, the AlAs annual COTIIFERENCES AND thc n.rl.ra hertalle of the post Hodges, 2 Knighton Road, conference. Advance notice only. MEETINGS 1550 penod. For further dei.lil! Woodthorpe, Nottingham NG5 4t1,. AIA :

INDUSTRIAT ARCHAEOTOGY NEWS (formerly AIA Bulletin l55N 0309-0051) t55N 1354,1455

Editor: Dr Peter Stanier

Publithd by the Asso.iation lor lndusttial Archaeology. Contributions should be I sent to the Editot, D Peter Staniet, 49 grcach Lane, Shaftesbury, Do\et 5P7 qlf. NeM and prcss rcleases may be sent to the Editot or the awrcptiate AIA Regional coftespondents. fhe Editot nay be telephoned on 01747 854707 ot e-mail: I a ia ne w lette t@ya h oo. co. u k. 1- Final .oW dates are as follow: 1 January lor tebruary mailing - I April for May mailing I luly for August mailing 1 october for Novemb€r mailing i

fhe AIA was established in l97J to prcnote lhe study of lndustrial Archaeology and encourage improved standards of Rcording rcsearch, conseNation and publtation. k aims to assist and suwft regional and spe

The views expressed in this bulletin are not ne(essarily those of the Association fulketh Mill, Preston, now a Catphone Warchouse Phato Stere Dcfthist for lnd ustrial Archaeology.

20 @ Association for lnduirial Archaeology, November 2OO7 Registered in England under the Companier Act 194a ( o.'1326854)and the Charities Act 1950 (No.27751't) Registered offi(e: c/o lGML Coa(h Road, Coalbrookdale. Telford, Shropshire TF8 7De Produced by TBC Print Services l-imited, ElandIord Forum, Dorset DT1l 8ST