STUDIES ON THE FAUNA OF CURAÇAO AND OTHER CARIBBEAN ISLANDS: No. 72
The Marine Mollusca of St. Martin, Lesser
Antilles, collected by H.J. Krebs
by
H.E. Coomans
(American Museum of Natural History, New York)
list of the West Indian marine In 1864 an anonymous species of
mollusks in Denmark. was published There were only twenty
of lost the copies printed, seven which were during transportation to
West Indies (CLENCH et al., 1947—1948, p. 23). The author was
HENDRIK KREBS JOHANNES (1821—1907), Fig. 117, a Danish
who lived St. from apothecary on Thomas, Virgin Islands, 1843 to
1870. Being the owner of a wholesale firm, he travelled throughout
him the West Indies, which gave an opportunity to collect shells
and plants. His species list was entitled: “The West-Indian Marine
A Shells with some remarks. manuscript printed for circulation
between collectors.” It was published by W. Laub’s Widow & Chr.
Jorgensen, at Nykjöbing, Falster.
As this work is issued very rare, a republication was by CLENCH,
AGUAYO & TURNER (1947—1948). The republication is preceded by
some remarks, and concludes with a portrait of KREBS, a biography
and a bibliography. For more data concerning KREBS, reference
should be made to this republication.
In his species list KREBS gave, for each species, the scientific
sometimes the name and author, and one or more synonyms;
ecological situation, which he called "Station"; and finally the
each the actual reference. He localities, locality with collector, or
called the localities "Habitats". (Note: KREBS interchanged the
words "habitat" and "station". According to modern ideas, the
habitat is the ecological situation, while station refers to the locali-
ty.) Many species were provided with systematic remarks. 60
Table 1 shows the species which were collected by KREBS in St.
Martin. In preparingthis table, therepublication has beenused. KREBS mentioned a few species from two other islands of the Netherlands
Saba and for the of these Antilles, Cura9ao; sake completeness are also in Table Since used KREBS of given 1. many names by are out
added column for the modern scientific date or wrong, we a special
Some with asterisk names. species numbers are provided an (*);
in annotations Table these species are commented on at the end of 1.
To KREBS' record of the species of St. Martin two more columns have been added, showing the mollusks collected on that island during the present century. One column gives the shells collected by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK and Mrs. VAN DEN BOS; these shells have been treated in our previous publication (COOMANS,
1958). Another column records the species collected by COOMANS on
St. Martin in June 1959, and the data of several other collectors
the Dr. H. M. during same year (H. J. KOELERS, J. STOCK, VAN
VELDHOVEN M.D., and P. A. VAN DER WERF).
Mrs. CATE of Los valuable information J. Angeles, California, gave us concerning
Pusia semicostata.
Mrs. G. L. WARMKE, Curator of Mollusks at the Institute of Marine Biology at
to Mavaguez, Puerto Rico, and Mr. E. C. AUER of New York, were both so kind as read the manuscript.
in from the United National This study was sponsored, part, by a grant States
Science Foundation. Fig. 117. HENDRIK JOHANNES KREBS (1821-1907) Danish author of
“The West-Indian Marine Shells”. 62
118. of with localities mentioned in this Fig. Sketch map the Caribbean, paper. 63
TABLE 1
MARINE MOLLUSKS OF THE NETHERLANDS
ANTILLES MENTIONED BY KREBS (1864),
WITH THE MODERN SCIENTIFIC NAMES
The shells St. Martin with without letter. from are provided a number, a
* See annotations concerning this species at the end of the table.
Abbreviations of the references:
A = C. B. ADAMS M = O. A. L. MÖRCH
B M. BEAU = A. = O D’ORBIGNY
C = F. DE CANDÉ R = A. H. RIISE
K H. KREBS = J. S = R. SWIFT
St. Martin
al. KREBS (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS in KREBS to KREBS in according name ao in 5 in COOMANS KREBS COOMANS a r Number collected u Page by SABA in in C
Gastropoda
1 1 Strombus costoso-muri- Strombus raninus K X
catus: Mart. Gmelin
(S. raninus Gml.
S. bitubercularis
Lam.)
2 4 Conus daucus L. Conus daucus Hwass K
3 5 Conus leucostictus Hw. Conus regius Gmelin K x X
(C. nebulosus Sol.)
4 5 Conus mindanusr Hw. Conus jaspideus K x X S
(C. pusio Brug.) Gmelin
5 5 Conus mus Hw. Conus mus Hwass K X X
(C. barbadensis Hw.)
6 7 Pleurotoma albocincta Monilispira albocincta K
Ad. (C. B. Adams)
7* 8 Pleurotoma coccinata Drillia coccinata K
Reeve (Reeve)
8 8 Pleurotoma costata Mangelia trilineata K
Gray (C. B. Adams) (P. trifasciata Gray)
9 9 Pleurotoma fucata Fenimorea fucata K
Reeve (Reeve) 64
St. Martin
al. KREBS (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS in to KREBS in KREBS according name in in KREBS COOMANS COOMANS Number collected Saba CURA9AO Page in in by
10» 11 Pleurotoma pura Reeve ? Pyrgocythara coxi K
Fargo
11 12 Daphnella lymnaeifor- Daphnella lymnaeifor- K
mis Kiener mis (Kiener)
(D. decorata C. B.
Adams)
12 13 Mangeliabalteata Mangelia balteata K
Reeve Reeve
13 14 Mangelia quadrata Mangelia quadrata K
Reeve (Reeve)
(Pleurotoma deminu-
ta C. B. Adams)
14 15 Fasciolaria tulipa Fasciolaria tulipa K x X
Lmk. (Linn£)
15 16 Turbinella ananas Latirus infundibulum K
Chem. (Gmelin) (M. infundibulum
Gml.)
16 17 Turbinella nigella Leucozonia ocellata K
Chem. (Gmelin)
(P. ocellata Gml.)
17* 18 Murex alveatus Kien. Tritonaliaintermedia K
(C. B. Adams)
17a* 19 Murex elegans Bech O
18 21 Murex nuceusMorch Favartia cellulosus nu- K
ceus (Morch)
19* 21 Murex pleurotomoides ? K
Reeve
20 21 Murex pomiformis Hexaplex pomum K x
Mart. (Gmelin)
21* 23 Tritonium cynocepha- Cymatium caribbaeum K x
lum Lmk. Clench & Turner
23 L. 22 Tritonium femorale Cymatium femorale K x X
(Linn6)
23 23 Tritonium labiosum Cymatium labiosum K
Wood (Wood)
(Tr. Loroisis Pt.)
24 23 Tritonium lanceolatum Colubraria lanceolata K
Mk. (Menke) 65
St. Martin
al. KREBS (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS in in KREBS according to KREBS name in in KREBS COOMANS COOMANS Number Page collected Saba Curasao in in by
Tritonium 25 24 piliare L. & Cymatiumpileare K X X
Lmk. (Linne)
(T. martinianum
d'Orb.)
26* 24 Tritonium testaceum Colubraria obscura K
Morch (Reeve)
27* 26 Purpura patula I .inne Purpura patula K x X
(Linn£)
28 27 Purpura rustica Lam. Thais rustica (La- K x X
marck)
29* 27 Recinula nodulosa Ad. Morula nodulosa K x
(C. B. Adams)
30 27 Recinula turbinella Engina turbinella K x Kien. (Kiener)
31* 28 Columbella catenata Anachis catenata K
Sowb. (Sowerby)
(Buccinum mitrula
Dk.)
32 29 Columbella laevigata Nitidella laevigata K
Lmk. (Lamarck)
(Col. concinna Sowb.)
33 29 Columbella mercatoria Columbella mercatoria K x x
L. (I.innd')
34* 29 Columbella nitida Lmk. Nitidella nitida K x x
(S. nitidula (L. ?) (Lamarck)
Sowb.)
35 30 Columbella ocellata Mitrella ocellata K x *
Gml. (Gmelin)
K 36* 30 Columbella ovulata Pyrene ovulata x
Lmk. (Lamarck)
37* 30 Columbella parvula Ph. Mitrella ocellata K
(Gmelin)
Anachis K 38* 30 Columbella pulchella pulchella x
Kiener (Kiener)
(Buc. triticum Sol.)
39* 31 Columbella subcostata Anachis catenata K
Ad. (Sowerby)
40 34 Cancellaria reticulata Cancellaria reticulata K x L. (Linn6) 66
St. Martin
al. KREBS (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS in KREBS to KREBS in according name
in in KREBS COOMANS COOMANS Number Page collected SABA Curasao in in by
41 34 Cancellaria K rugosa Trigonostoma rugosa x
Lmk. (Lamarck) 42 34 Cassis gibba: Gml. Phalium granulatum K
(C. globulus Bolt. (Born) C. abreviata Lmk.)
L. tuberosa K 43 35 Cassis tuberosa Cassis x X
(Linn6)
44 L. K 35 Oniscia Oniscus Morum oniscus x X (Linne)
Dolium Tonna 45 35 pennatum maculosa (Dill- K x
Mart. wyn) (T. perdix pen- nata (Morch))
45a* 36 Eburnea glabrata Lmk. Ancilla glabrata S (Lamarck) C
46 36 Mitra barbadensis Mitra barbadensis K x X
Gmelin (Gmelin)
(M. striatula Lmk.)
47* 37 Mitradermestina Lmk. Pusia dermestina K
(M. speciosa Reeve? (Lamarck) Morch!)
48* 37 Mitra semicostata ? K
Anton
49 38 Mitra puella Reeve Pusia puella (Reeve) K
49a* 38 Oliva exigua Mart. Jaspidella jaspidea C
(O. conoidalis Lmk. (Gmelin) K
Voluta jaspidea
Gml.)
50 40 Oliva oryza Lmk. Olivella floralia K
(Duclos)
51* 40 Oliva pura Reeve Olivella bullula K
(Reeve)
52 40 Oliva reticularis Lmk. Oliva reticularis K x X A
(O. olivaceus Lamarck
Meusch.)
41 Oliva scripta Lmk. Oliva caribaeensis Dall O
& Simpson
53 41 Cypraea exanthema L. Trona zebra (Linne) K x X
53a* 41 Cypraea mus L. Siphocypraea mus S (Linn£) 67
St. Martin
al. KREBS (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS in KREBS to KREBS in according name in in KREBS COOMANS COOMANS Number Page collected Saba Curasao in in by
54 L. Trivia K 41 Cypraea pediculus pediculus x
(I.inne)
55 42 Cypraea rotunda Trivia quadripunctata K x
Kiener (Gray)
(C. quadripunctata
Gray)
Linne 56 42 Cypraea spurca Erosaria spurca acicu- K x
(C. flaveola: Reeve, laris (Gmelin)
C. lota Born)
Luria cinerea K 57 42 Cypraea succinctai L. x x
(C. cinerea Mart. (Gmelin)
C. sordida Lmk.)
42 58 Cypraea suffusai Gray Trivia suffusa (Gray) K x (C. armindina Duel.)
59 43 Ovula acicularis Lmk. Neosimnia acicularis K
(Lamarck)
60 43 Marginella catenata Persicula catenata K
Mont. (Montagu)
60a* 44 Marginella maculosa Persicula maculosa S
Kien. (Kiener)
60b* 44 Marginellamarginata Marginellamarginata S
Born (Born) (M. bivaricosa
Lmk.)
60c* 45 Marginellamuralis Persicula maculosa M
Hinds (Kiener)
61* 45 L. K Marginella pallida Hyalina avenacea
(M. avenaceaDesh.) (Deshayes)
61a 45 Marginella subcoerulea Prunum prunum C
Mart. (Gmelin)
(V. prunumGm.
V. coerulescens
Lmk.)
62 46 Marginellasubtriplica- Hyalina subtriplicata K
ta d'Orb. (d'Orbigny)
62a* 46 Marginella xanhostoma Prunum prunum M
Morch (Gmelin) 68
1st. Martin
al. KREBS (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS in in KREBS according to KREBS name in in KREBS COOMANS COOMANS Number Page collected Saba CURASAO in in by
63* 46 Volvaria pellucida Hyalina pallida K
Schm. (Linn6)
(V. pallida Lmk. (H. pellucida
non L.) Schumacher, H. te-
nuilabra (Tomlin))
64 46 Turritella exoleta L. Turritella exoleta K x
(Linn£)
65 48 Cerithium gibberulum Bittium varium K
Ad. (Pfeiffer)
66* 48 Cerithium interruptum Seila adamsi (H. C. K S
Mke? Lea)
67 49 Cerithium litteratum Cerithium litteratum K x x
Brug. (Born)
67a 49 Cerithium minimum Batillaria minima M
Gml. (Gmelin)
(C. zonale Brug.)
68* 50 Cerithium Petitii Kien. Cerithidea costata (da K x X S
Costa)
69* 50 Cerithium rugulosum Cerithiopsis rugulo- K
Ad. B. sum (C. Adams)
70* 50 Cerithium semiferrugi- Cerithium litteratum K x
Lmk. neum forma semiferrugi-
neum Lamarck
71* 50 Cerithium terebellum Seila adamsi (H. C. K
Ad. Lea)
72 52 Planaxis nucleus Lmk. Planaxis nucleus K x
(Bruguifere)
73 52 Planaxis lineatus Da Planaxis lineatus (da K x
Costa Costa)
(P. pedicularis Lmk.)
74* 54 Rissoa melanura Ad.. Alaba incerta (d'Or- K
(Eulimaincerta bigny) d'Orbigny)
75* 57 Rissoina Catesbya Rissoina catesbyana K
d'Orb. d'Orbigny
76 57 Rissoina elegantissima Rissoina elegantissima K
d'Orb. d'Orbigny
77 59 Littorina guttata Ph. Littorina meleagris K x X
(L. punctata Pf.) (Potiez & Michaud) 69
St. Martin
(1958) al. 1959 et KREBS Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS in KREBS according to KREBS name in o in a in COOMANS 9 KREBS COOMANS a r
Number collected u Page by Saba in in C
78 60 Littorina lineata d'Orb. Littorina ziczac (Gme- K x X
lin)
79 60 Littorina minima Littorina mespillum K x X
Wood forma minima (Wood)
80 60 Littorina muricata Tectarius muricatus K x X
Linne (Linne)
(Tectus muricatus
Ch. ? gothicus Bolt. ?)
K 81 61 Littorina trochiformis Nodilittorina tubercu- x x
Dillw. lata (Menke)
(L. nodulosa d'Orb.
to acc. Beau)
82 62 Modulus lenticularis Modulus modulus K x x
Ch. (Linne)
(Trochus unidens List d'Orb.)
83 63 Solarium infundibuli- Heliacus infundibuli- K
formis Chem. formis (Gmelin)
(Tr. Chemnitzii Ki.)
I 84 63 Scalaria crenata .mile Opalia crenata (Linne) K
85* 64 Scalaria Hottesseriana Opalia hotessieriana K
d'Orb. (d'Orbigny)
86 64 Scalaria lamellosa Epitoniumlamellosum K x X
Lmk. (Lamarck)
(Scl. clathrus Linnd
to acc. Beau)
87* 65 Scalaria Martini ? K
Wood?
88 65 Scalaria tenuis Sowb. Epitonium occidentale K
(Nyst)
89 66 Stylina subulata Brod. Stilifer subulatus Bro- K
derip
90 L. K 66 Natica canrena Natica canrena (Linne) x X
91 66 Natica fuscata Chem. Polinices hepaticus K
(N. brunnea Link. (Roding)
N. mamilaris)
92 68 Sigaretus zonatus Sinum maculatum K
d'Orb. (Say)
(S. martinianus Ph.) 70
St. Martin
00 ri 10 o 0s lO KREBS O OJ Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific § KREBS c KREBS to KREBS £ according name
« sis " in in w 2 o « o § o " ° Number w o Cura9aoin Page o C C Saba ■S .5 o &
93 69 Crucibulum auricula- Crucibulum auricula K
tum Ch. (Gmelin)
(P. auriculata Gml.)
94 69 Trochita candeana Calyptraea centralis K
d'Orb. (Conrad)
95 70 incurvus K Capulus Gm. Capulus incurvus x
(P. militaris L., Dw. (Gmelin)
P. intorta Lmk.)
96 71 Pyramidella dolabrata Pyramidella dolabrata K
L. (Linne)
97 74 Eulima jamaicensis Balcis intermedia K
Ad. (Cantraine)
98 75 Acmaea Acmaea K pustula Helb. pustulata x X (P. punctulata Gm. (Helbling)
P. puncturata • ••)
99 76 Nerita peloronta L. Nerita peloronta K x X
(N. erythrodon Linne
Reculz)
100 L. 78 Neretina viridis Smaragdia viridis K x
(Linne)
101 79 Phasianella concinna Tricolia affinis (C.B. K
Ad. Adams)
102 80 Turbo castaneus Chem. Turbo castaneus K X x
(T. hippocastanum Gmelin
Lmk.)
81 Calcar ramosus Astraea tecta R
Meusch. (Solander)
(T. imbricatus Gml.) (A. imbricata
(Gmelin))
Calcar 103 81 Spenglerianus Turbo canaliculatus K x S
Ch. Hermann
(Tuber aculeatus
Gml.)
104 82 Calcar Tuber L. Astraea tuber (Linne) K X X
105* 84 Trochus fasciatus Tegula fasciata K x
Born (Born)
(Tr. livido-maculatus
Ad.) 71
S t. Ma r t i n
(1958) al. KREBS 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS KREBS to KREBS in according name in in KREBS COOMANS COOMANS a b Number Page collected a Curafaoin in in by S
Trochus 106* 84 Hotessierianus Tegula hotessieriana K x X d'Orb. (d'Orbigny)
(Tr. interrupta stria- (T. maculostriata
tus C. B. Ad.) C. B. Adams)
107 85 Stomatia picta d'Orb. Synaptocochleapicta B
(d'Orbigny)
108 86 Emarginula(Subemar- Hemitoma octoradiata K x X
ginula) octoradiata Gml. (Gmelin)
109 86 Fissurella barbadensis Fissurella barbadensis K x X
Gml. (Gmelin)
110 86 Fissurella cancellata Lucapina sowerbi K x
Sal. (Sowerby)
(F. Sowerbyi Guild.)
111* 87 Fissurella elongata Lucapinaphilippiana K x
Reeve (Finlay)
112* 87 Fissurella gemmulata Diodora minuta K x X
Reeve (Lamarck)
(F. minuta Sowb.
F. elongataAd.)
K 113* 87 Fissurella graeca Diodora listeri (d'Or- x X
(F. Listeri d'Orb.) bigny)
114 Fissurella 87 larva Reeve Diodora cayenensis K X X
(Lamarck)
115* 88 Fissurella pustula L. Fissurella punctata K x X
Fischer
116 92 Bullinula undata Micromelo undata K
Brug. (Bruguiere)
(B. nitidula Sol.
B. elegans Mke.)
117 93 Bulla maculosa Mart. Bulla striata (Bru- K x X
(B. striata Brug. guifere)
non Ph.)
118* 94 Atys Guildingii Sow. Haminoea elegans K
(Gray) Pelecypoda
118a 97 Venus mactroides Tivela mactroides A
Born (Born)
(C. corbicula Gml.
Lmk.) 72
St. Martin
al. KREBS (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific KREBS in KREBS KREBS according to name in
in in COOMANS COOMAMS Number KREBS collected Curasao Page in in by Saba
K 118b* 100 Tellina bimaculata L. Heterodonax bimacula-
(T. sexradiata Lmk. ta (Linne)
Heterodonax Morch)
O 119* 121 Lucina serrata d'Orb. Divaricella dentata x
(L. Chemnitzii Ph. (Wood)
L. divaricata Rv.
non L'.)
127 ind. 120* Pectunculus spec. Glyoymeris spec. K
121 133 Lima inflata Lmk. Lima pellucida C. B. K
(L. pellucida Ad.) Adams
* ANNOTATIONS to the species marked in T A B L E 1:
" 7. KREBS remarked in later Pleurotoma (1866, p. 397) a publication: Augustae
C.B.Ad., is P. coccinata Rv."
10: REEVE had TRYON Mangelia pura (1846, p. 64) no type locality. (1884, 6, p.
mentioned South The is not known to West 254) Australia. species us from the
Indies. KREBS probably had Pyrgocythara coxi Fargo.
17. Murex alveatus Kiener mentioned KREBS of was by (1864, p. 21) as a synonym
M. intermedius Ad. Most modern authors use for this species the name Ocenebra
intermedia (C. B. Adams). However, Tritonalia Fleming 1828 is older than
Ocenebra Gray 1847, sometimes misspelled Ocinebra.
17a. Murex elegans Beck (error in KREBS: Bech) is mentioned from St. Martin by
mistake. For this locality, KREBS referred to D'ORBIGNV. However, D'ORBIGNY
cited St. Martin. (1853, 2, p. 160) "Martinique",not
19. Murex pleurotomoides REEVE (1845, p. 109) had no type locality. TRYON (1880,
this in and remarked: "Reeve does 2, p. 120) placed species Ocenebra, not state
the teeth whether columellar tubercles are the remains of revolving or not; if
will in they are, the species be better placed the genus Peristernia.” — St.
Martin is the only locality mentionedby KREBS for this species. It is impossible
for us to decide which Caribbean species he collected.
21. Until recently Cymatium cynocephalum Lamarck was considered to be a species
from both the eastern Pacific (Lower California to Peru), and the Caribbean
Sea. CLENCH & TURNER that different found (1957, p. 204) proved a species was
in each sea. C. cynocephalum was reserved for the Pacific species; the Caribbean
named species was C. caribbaeum. 73
26. KREBS remarked concerning this species: "We have cause to believe that the
localities mentioned by C. B. Adams under the T. obscurus Reeve are relative to
Trit. testaceum Morch."
27. WENZ the of this is According to (1941, p. 1115) name species Plicopurpura
(Patellipurpura) patula (Linne). It is the type species of the subgenus Patelli-
purpura Dall, 1909.
29. Recinula is an error for Ricinula.
31. See also No. 39.
34. Buccinum nitidulumLinne 1758 is unidentifiable (DODGE, 1956, p.'216).
36. KREBS remarked under Columbella ovuloides: (1864, p. 30) "surely synonymous
with C. ovulata Lmk."— Some authors & (WARMKE ABBOTT, 1961, p. 110)
with KREBS. With WEBER think two agree (1961, p. 56), we they are
distinct is of the other species; or, at least, one a variety (USTICKE, 1959, p. 65).
The differences between these two species are:
Fig. 119. Pyrene ovulata Fig. 120. Pyrene ovuloides Fig. 121. Pyrene ovuloides
St. 14 in from Thomas, mm from Curaçao, 16 mm from Jamaica, 13 mm in
in length. length. length.
Pyrene ovulata (Lamarck), Pyrene ovuloides (C. B. Adams),
Fig. 119. Fig. 120-121.
shell ovoid shell more slender
length is 2 x width or less length is 2-2\ x width
1 l spire is about /5 of length spire is about /4 of length
spire straight spire concave angle of spire 75° angle of spire 60° 74
surface has smooth surface not appearance, smooth,
there fine visible although are many spiral spiral grooves more clearly grooves dark red-brown to black brown orange brown white in band markings, not solid bands spiral white over the middle of the
axial body whorl, often a few white
bands
not to 37. Columbella parvula (Dunker), Philippi, is considered be a synonym of Mitrella ocellata (No. 35), although KREBS remarked regarding Columbella
ocellata : "in a manuscript of C. B. Adams stands C. parvula Dunker (Philippi?)
and C. Sowb. of this but the first mentioned guttata as synonyms species,
species is surely distinct."
38. For Buccinum pulchellum, KIENER (1834, p. 51) referred to DE BLAINVILLE,
who had described it from the Mediterranean Sea. According to PACE (1902,
p. 125) these two species might be different. WARMKE & ABBOTT (1961, p. Ill)
mentioned Anachis pulchella Sowerby. However, in describing Columbella
SOWERBY meant the called Buccinum pulchella, (1844, p. 131) species pulchel- lum by KIENER.
of 39. Columbella subcostata (error for subcostulata) C. B. Adams is a synonym
Anachis stated that pulchella (Kiener), No. 38. However KREBS (1866, p. 395)
and C. Sowb. C. subcostata (sic) catenata are positively the same species. For
this consider No. to be catenata reason we 39 Anachis (Sowerby), the same
species as No. 31.
45a. Ancilla glabrata (Lamarck) is found only in the southern Caribbean Sea;
KREBS COOMANS mentioned the species from Curasao and Jamaica, (1958, p.
94) from Paraguanain Venezuela, Aruba and Curaijao.
47. Under Mitra remarked: "is it pulchella Reeve, KREBS (1864, p. 37) not syn-
onymous with M. derme[stina]. Lmk.?"— He was right: both Mitra albicosta
C. B. of Pusia dermestina Adams and M. pulchella Reeve are synonyms
(Lamarck).
48. Mitra ANTON TRYON semicostata (1839, p. 68) had no type locality. (1882, 4,
called it "doubtful Mrs. in p. 195) a species." J. CATE, specialist Mitridae,
informed that this is not West M. semicostata us species certainly Indian.
mentioned from Flores SCHEPMAN KURODA & HABE was by (1911, p. 289);
(1952, p. 80) recorded Pusia semicostata from Japan. It is impossible for us to
KREBS. decide which Caribbean species was collected by
49a. This species, and No. 118b,were mentioned by KREBS from Curasao. For most
records from Curagao KREBS referred to other authors.
51. St. Martin is the only locality mentioned by KREBS; in addition, the locality was
provided with a questionmark.
53a. COOMANS that does not live in the (1963, p. 62) proved Siphocypraea mus
Netherlands Antilles; the distribution of this species is from the Gulf of Uraba,
Venezuela, Colombia, as far as Cumarebo, east of the peninsula of Paraguana,
(see Fig. 118)
60a. Persicula maculosa (Kiener) is a species from the southern Caribbean Sea, and
is mentioned from Curasao only. See also No. 60c.
60b. Marginella marginata(Born) is, like No. 60a, a southern Caribbean species. 75
60c. Most authors consider Marginella muralis Hinds of M. maculosa a synonym
Kiener TOMLIN stated (No. 60a); however, (1917, p. 282-283) regarding
muralis : "I am not at all sure that the usual identification with maculosa, Kien.,
to that is correct, and am inclined think they are quitedistinct species.''
No. 61. This species is to be considered together with 63. According to some
Voluta Linne authors, pallida 1767 is unidentifiable (TOMLIN, 1917, p. 287).
No. We suggest that 61 is Hyalina avenacea, the species listed by KREBS as a
Some other authors 87-88; WENZ, synonym. (DODGE, 1955, p. 1943, p. 1376) stated that Marginella pallida (Linne) is sufficiently characterized; they
considered M. Schumacher to be This latter pellucida synonymous. species
named tenuilabra We consider No. 63 was Marginella by TOMLIN (1917, p. 287).
to be this species. Our opinion is supported by the fact that pellucida was placed
by KREBS in another genus. According to modern systematics, Hyalina pallida
in (= pellucida = tenuilabra) is placed the subgenus Hyalina s. str. (syn.
Neovolvaria), while most other Caribbean Hyalina species, including H.
avenacea, belongto the subgenus Volvarina.
62a. The of xanhostoma MORCH "Cura- type locality Marginella (1852, p. 120) was
coa". TOMLIN (1917, p. 306) remarked concerning this species: “xanhostoma,
Morch (Marginellal, 1852. Catal. Conch. Yoldi, 1, 120. Loc.- Cura5oa. Evidently
a typographical error for xanthostoma. I agree with Jousseaume in referring
this to sapotilla, Hds., and in doubting the correctness of the locality." —
to Prunum sapotilla Hinds lives onthe Pacific side of America, from Panama
Peru It Prunum (KEEN, 1958, p. 434). is a twin species with prunum (Gmelin)
from the for this consider xanhostoma Morch to be Atlantic; reasonwe synony-
with Prunum from mous prunum, which is also known Curasao, see No. 61a.
63. See under No. 61.
No. 71 66. is the same species.
68. KREBS stated: “Cerithium C. B. is with C. (1866, p. 394) ambiguum Ad., syn.
costata — Da Costa, and C. Petitii Kien." The species is now placed in the
Cerithidea. genus
69. KREBS Cerithium vicinum C. B. Adams is According to (1866, p. 395), a syno-
of C. C. nym rugulosum B. Adams.
70. KREBS remarked: "a variety of C. litteratum Brug." Cerithium semiferrugi-
No. neum Lamarck is considered now to be a colour form of C. litteratum (Born),
67 (WARMKE & ABBOTT, 1961, p. 72).
71. The same species as No. 66.
74. KREBS "we with C. B. Adams, who has described this in remarked: agree species
Contribution No. 7 that it is Rissoa and take it to be the page 116, not a we
shell described by d'Orbigny as Eulima incerta, but he himself doubts it is an
Eulima; we doubt it to be either a Rissoa or an Eulima ; we have specimens
with two and three strongly developed varices oneach whorl and in some few
varices in specimens are the forming two or three continuous rows from the,
most cases, black nucleus until the last whorl." In his publication of 1866
KREBS “Rissoa (p. 397) made an additional remark: tervaricosa C. B. Ad., is
syn. with R. melanura C. B. Ad., and Eulimaincerta d'Orb."
75. KREBS remarked concerning this species: "This R. Cat. d'Orb. is certainly the
same as the shell A. H. Riise Esq. has in his collection by the name of Rissoa
Dunkeri shell C. Adams Rissoa scalaroides Pf. and we consider it the same as B. ,
R. scalaroides minor and R. scalarella. The number of ribs and their proportion 76
are very variable; we have a large number of specimens before us and we have
come to the conclusion that Two later KREBS they are one species." years
“Rissoa minor C. C. (1866, p. 397) stated: B. Ad., R. multicostata B. Ad.,
R. scalarella C. B. and R. scalaroides C. B. with R. Ad., Ad., are syn. Catesbya
d'Orb." D'ORBIGNY'S name catesbyana is misspelled by KREBS in these two
In later KREBS mentioned R. papers. a publication (1873, p. 55) catesbyana Orb.
of R. For the used as a synonym bryenea Montague (sic). synonymy we
DESJARDIN 1949 (p. 198).
85. KREBS remarked: "Take d'Orbigny's drawing of S. Hot. and Lamarck's
description of Scalaria crenata Linn6 [No. 84]; they approach surely each other
much." very
87. to KREBS placed a question mark against Scalaria Martini, show that he was
doubtful whether he had collected this REEVE 3, species. (1873-1874, ig, pi.
spec. 20) mentioned Scalaria Martinii from the West Indies. TRYON (1887, g,
the in the with localities Mauritius and p. 78) placed species subgenus Amaea,
the Philippines, and remarked: "Reeve's locality, West Indies, is erroneous."
M6RCH minuta According to (1876, p. 190), Scala martinii Wood = S. Bolten.
This is q.t for it is define which Caribbean synonymy no help all, impossible to
species had been collected by KREBS.
105. Trochus livido-maculatus C. B. mentioned KREBS of Adams, by as a synonym
Tr. fasciatus, is a distinct species.
106. KREBS mentioned Trochus striatus C. B. Ad., This interrupta a synonym. must
be an error for T. maculo-striatus, since C. B. ADAMS did not describe a species
with thenameinterrupta striatus, see CLENCH & TURNER, 1950.
111. REEVE is not the author of this species. Fissurella elongata in REEVE (1850, 6,
is F. pi. 15, spec. 110) elongata Philippi, now Lucapina philippiana (Finlay).
112. This is not Fissurella elongata C. B. Adams, see No.
112. KREBS remarked: "We have in a note by C. B. Adams seen that he considered
F. Reeve with F. Ad." — with No. 111. gemmulata synonymous elongata Compare
113. KREBS omitted the author, Linne, of Fissurella graeca. This is a European
from the know which Caribbean collected species; synonymy we species was by
KREBS.
115. Patella pustula Gmelin 1789, non Linn6 1758. The latter is a species from the
eastern Atlantic, of Diodora The first valid probably a synonym graeca (Linne).
name for Gmelin's species is Fissurella punctata Fischer.
118. For this KREBS referred to MSRCH wherethe species (1852, p. 135), species was
called “Haminea Guildingii Sw"[ainson], which is a synonym of Haminoea
the in the and elegans (Gray). KREBS, however, placed species genus Atys,
mentioned another author, Sow[erby], instead of Sw[ainson]. — It is re-
markable that five later SOWERBY described REEVE, years (in 1869, if, pi. 5,
spec. 26) a species with the name Atys Guildinii, a name that had been used
before, by mistake, by KREBS. SOWERBY also made an error, in omitting the
letter g.
118b See No. 49a.
119. Divaricella dentata is sometimes & (Wood) (WARMKE ABBOTT, 1961, p. 179)
considered to be only a form of D. quadrisulcata (d'Orbigny). For the locality of
St. Martin KREBS referred D'ORBIGNY to (1853, 2, p. 296).
120. KREBS remarked : "it is inequilatoraland approachingP. spadiceus, but mostly
with white a few brown specks: diameter from 4 to 6 lines." — He had only one
valve from St. Martin. 77
of Table later In the annotations to the species 1, a publication of
KREBS (1866) is often referred to. This can be considered a supple- ment to the species list of 1864.
The references that KREBS used for the localities in the Nether-
D'ORBIGNY lands Antilles are: MORCH (1852), (1853), BEAU (1858),
SWIFT The references of CANDE and (1863). locality DE were also mentioned by D'ORBIGNY (1853), and they had been copied by
KREBS. The localities of RUSE were probably taken from his shell
since do know A. H. RUSE. collection, we not any publication by
the first and KREBS He was apothecary in St. Thomas, was his assistant for some time (CLENCH et al., 1947-1948, p. 47). KREBS became interested in shells underthe influence of RUSE.
references of B. ADAMS in KREBS' The two Cura these have never been published, since we know that ADAMS sold & shells to KREBS (CLENCH TURNER, 1950, p. 236). KREBS mentioned 2 species from Saba and 16 from Curasao, but of these 60a = 61a = A total some are synonyms (No. 60c, 62a). of 121 species was mentioned from St. Martin, three of which are synonyms (No. 31 = 39, 35 = 37, 66 = 71); hence, 118 species St. Martin remain. One mentioned from species (No. 17a) was by mistake from St. Martin. In the case of four names (Nos. 19, 48, 87, and 120) it is impossible to decide which Caribbean species they stand for. From Table 1 it that KREBS' is seen own localities are nearly exclusively from St. Martin; one species (No. 107) was copied by KREBS from BEAU, another (No. 119) from d'ORBIGNY. For both species from Saba and the 16 species from Curasao, KREBS referred to other authors, except as regards Nos. 49a and 118b. KREBS did not make a distinction between the French (Saint- Martin) and the Dutch (Sint Maarten) part of the island. It is remarkable that he mentioned from St. many gastropods Martin, and only threepelecypods (Nos. 119,120 and 121), one of whichis un- identifiable. It is possible that KREBS had not yet identified the pelecypods from St. Martin, for those from the other Caribbean islands are treated extensively in his publication. He included the Amphineura and Scaphopoda, but none were mentioned from the 78 treated KREBS' Netherlands Antilles. The Cephalopoda were not in list. After KREBS 1864 probably collected again on St. Martin, for eleven later MORCH list of the years published a species West Indian marine Gastropoda. A number of species was mentioned from the Netherlands Antilles, mostly from St. Martin, for which MORCH referred to KREBS. Twenty-five of these species were new for St. Martin. Table 2 shows the species fromthe Netherlands Antillesin MORCH'S publication (1875-1877). The numbering of the species from St. Martin corresponds with the numbers of Table 1. Only the species new for St. Martin are numbered; for the species already mentioned by KREBS (1864), reference should be made to the column of modern scientific names in Table 1. 79 TABLE 2 MARINE GASTROPODS OF THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES MENTIONED BY MÖRCH (1875-1877), WITH THE MODERN SCIENTIFIC NAMES The shells from St. M not in KREBS with artin, mentioned (1864), are provided a number, without a letter. The numberingcorresponds with Table 1. * See annotations concerningthis species at the end of the table. ! Localities already mentioned in table 1. Abbreviations ofthe references: C = F. DE CANDÉ R = A. H. RIISE K = H. J. KREBS Ra = H. RAVEN O = A. D’ORBIGNY S = R. SWIFT St. Martin I (1958) al. M6RCH 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific MSRCH in in MORCH according to M6RCH name o in a in COOMANS COOMANS 5 MORCH a r Number Page collected Saba u in in by C 122 142 Scala Krebsii MORCH Epitonium krebsi K x (M6rch) 123 143 Scala pretiosula Morch Epitonium foliaceico- K statum (d'Orbigny) 124 148 Scala unifasciata Sowb. Epitonium unifascia- K x X tum (Sowerby) 125* 149 Scala eburnea Pot. & Epitonium albidum K Mich. (d'Orbigny) 126 150 Scala turricula Sowb. Epitonium candeanum K (d'Orbigny) 127 151 Scala turritellula MOrch Epitonium turritellu- K lum (Morch) 128* 152 Scala filaris Morch ? K 152 Scala crenulata Kiener Table 1, n°. 84 K 128a* 153 Scala Hottesseriana Table 1, n°. 85 S d'Orb. 155 Architectonica (Philip- Philippia krebsi R pia) Krebsii Morch (Morch) 129* 156 Torinia ? Heliacus K sp. n. an juv. cylindricus sequentis sp. (Gmelin) 130 159 Obeliscus (Triptychus) Triplychus niveus K niveus n.sp. (Morch) 80 St. Martin al. MORCH (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific MORCH in MORCH according to MORCH name ANS in in MORCH COOM COOMANS Number Page collected Cura9aoin in in by Saba 131 171 Tornatina bullata Kien. Retusa bullata (Kie- K ner) 132 171 Tornatina recta d'Orb. Acteocina recta K (d'Orbigny) krebsi Morch 133 172 Cylichna Krebsii n.sp. Cylichna K 134 172 Atys caribaea d'Orb. Atys caribaea K (d'Orbigny) riiseana Morch 135 173 Atys Riiseana Dkr. mss. Atys K x 135a* 173 Bullea ibyx Meusch. Bulla striata Ra (B. striata Brug. (Bruguifere) d'Orb.) 174 Bullina undata Brug. Table 1, n°. 116 K 174 Haminea Guildingii Haminoea elegans Ra Sws. (Gray) 136 174 Haminea Petiti d'Orb. Haminoea petiti K (d'Orbigny) 90 Cerithidea costata Da Table 1, n°. 68 R ! ! Costa 94 Pyrazus (Lampanella) Table 1, n°. 67a K nigrescens Mke 99 Bittium (Platygyra) te- Table 1, n°. 71 K S rebellum C. B. Ad. 136a* 116 Cerithium versicolor Cerithium variable S C. B. Ad. C. B. Adams R 124 Planaxis lineata Da Table 1, n°. 73 K ! Costa 125 Planaxis semisulcata Table 1, n°. 72 K ! Sow. 127 Torcula exoleta L. Table 1, n°. 64 K ! 141 Littorina minima Gray Table 1, n°. 79 K ! ! 19 Strombus raninus Gm. Table 1, n°. 1 K ! 25 Triton testaceum Morch Table 1, n°. 26 K 25 Triton lanceolatum Table 1, n°. 24 K Menke 28 Triton Martinianum Table 1, n°. 25 K ! ! d'Orb 31 Triton femorale L. Table 1, n°. 22 K ! ! 32 Triton cynocephalum Table 1, n°. 21 K ! Lam. 81 St. Martin al. MORCH (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific M6RCH in MORCH to MORCH according name in in in MORCH COOMANS COOMANS Number Page collected Curasao in in by Saba 136b* 33 Triton (Linatella) Cymatiumpoulseni K Poulsenii n.sp. (Morch) Triton 34 (Cabestana?) la- Table 1, n°. 23 K biosum Wood 38 Cassis tuberosa L. Table 1, n°. 43 K ! ! 40 Morum oniscus L. Table 1, n°. 44 K ! ! 42 Dolium perdix L. occi- Table 1, n°. 45 K ! dentalis 45 Cypraea exanthema L. Table 1, n°. 53 K ! 1 136c* 45 Cypraea mus L. Table 1, n°. 53a S 136d* 46 Cypraea cinerea Gm. Table 1, no. 57 K ! ! 48 Cypraea spurca L. Table 1, n°. 56 K ! 48 Trivia pediculus L. Table 1, n°. 54 K ! 49 Trivia suffusa Gray Table 1, n°. 58 K ! 49 Trivia quadripunctata Table 1, n°. 55 K ! Gray 137 50 Trivia globosa Gray Trivia leucosphaera K Schilder 138 51 Erato Maugeriae Gray Erato maugeriae Gray K K 54 Ovula acicularis Lam. Table 1, n°. 59 K 138a* 55 Stomatia depressa Phil. Sinum perspectivum O (Say) 56 Stomatia zonata d'Orb Table 1, n°. 92 K 139 57 Natica (Naticina) semi- Sigatica semisulcata K X sulcata Gray Gray 62 Natica (Nacca) canre- Table 1, n°. 90 K ! ! na L. Ch. 140* 65 Natica (Cochlis) pro- Natica proxima K R xima C. B. Ad. C. B. Adams 141 93 Sigaretus RangiiBergh Lamellaria rangi K (Bergh) 141a* 94 Vanikoro lamellosa Vanikoro lamellosa C d'Orb. (d'Orbigny) 97 Hipponyx militaris L. Table 1, n°. 95 K ! 142 98 Hipponyx antiquatus Hipponix antiquatus K x X L. var. minor (Linn6) 143* 99 Hipponyxeffodiens Hipponixeffodiens K Carp. Carpenter 82 St. Martin al. MORCH (1958) 1959 et Name (and synonyms) Modern scientific MORCH MORCH in according to MORCH name in in COOMANS COOMANS in Number MORCH collected Cura9ao Page in in by Saba 101 Crucibulum auricula- Table 1, n°. 93 K tum Chem. 144 102 Crypta aculeata Gm. Crepidula aculeata K (Gmelin) 105 145* Crypta navicula Dkr. Crepidula convexaSay K mss. 106 Galerus Candeanus Table 1, n°. 94 K d'Orb. 146 111 Vermicularia spirata Vermicularia spirata K x S Phil. (Philippi) ANNOTATIONS to the species marked * in TABLE 2: 125. CLENCH & TURNER (1951, p. 288) stated regarding Epitonium eburneum: "It is to tell what this be, the could impossible just species may as poor figures of several forms." — Since MORCH mentioned represent any (1874, p. 261) Scalaria of Scala eburnea, consider this from St. albida, a synonym we species Martin to be Epitonium albidum (d'Orbigny). 128. CLENCH & TURNER (1952, p. 356) reported concerning Epitonium filare to the (Morch): "We are unable recognize this species among collections that we have studied from the Western Atlantic." — St. Martin is the only locality for the species. 128a. MORCH referred to SWIFT for the locality of St. Martin; however, this species also was recorded from St. Martin by KREBS, see Table 1, No. 85. Both KREBS MORCH the and misspelled name: Hottesseriana, instead of hotessieriana. MORCH 129. considered this a new species, and also a juvenile of the next species on next his list! The species is Torinia cylindracea Chem., which is now called Heliacus cylindricus (Gmelin). 135a. M6RCH gave the name RAVN as reference. This is HENRY RAVEN, after whom several endemic land had were named gastropods which he collected on Cura- raveni and raveni See CROSSE sao: Brachypodella (Crosse) Cistulops (Crosse). & BLAND, 1873, p. 41. 136a. KREBS remarked: “Cerithium variabile C. (1866, p. 394-395) B. Ad. We take this to be with C. minimum Gmel. and C. zonale also with C. syn. Briig., perhaps C. septemstriatum Say, ferrugineumSay, C. megasoma C. B. Ad., and C. nigres- cens Menke." 83 136b. This species was described new by M6RCH. The type localities were Curafao and Portocabello, for which localities the author referred to KREBS. to 136c. Also recorded from Bonaire, with reference DIETZ; see No. 53a. 136d. MORCH also mentioned this species from Bonaire,with reference to RIISE and 138a. For the localities St. Martin Cuba, MORCH referred to D'ORBIGNY (1853, 2, p. 37—38, cited as Sigaretus haliotideus). However, D'ORBIGNY mentioned not to St. Lucia and Cuba, so we do consider this be a species from St. Martin. 140. KREBS remarked Natica considered (1864, p. 67) concerning proxima: "By us Nat. L." young canrena 141a. MORCH mentioned Vanikoro lamellosa d'Orb. from St. Martin and Guade- loupe; for these localities he referred to DE CANDSL St. Martin must be a because D'ORBIGNY remarked under Narica lamellosa: mistake, (1853, 2, p. 42) de la M. de Cand<5." KREBS "Martinique et Guadeloupe rapportes par (1864, p. not 68) also cited Martinique, St. Martin, and referred to DE CAND£. 143. CARPENTER Hipponyx effodiens (1856, p. 5) was described originally from the It and have this Antilles. was not figured by CARPENTER, we never seen species. DALL (1889, p. 290) mentioned H. effodiens, and stated that it seems to be confined the Lesser Antilles. — We did collect that fits the to not any Hipponix description of H. effodiens, but we collected in St. Martin some specimens of from the Pacific. This Hipponix grayanus Menke, a species eastern eastern Pacific and Caribbean distribution is not surprising, as two more Caribbean Hipponix species, H. antiquatus (Linne) and H. subrufus (Lamarck), are both to be found in the eastern Pacific and in the Caribbean Sea. TRYON 145. (1886, 8, p. 125) remarked about this species: “C. navicula (Dunker), Morch; a West Indian form, insufficiently described, and unfigured, is probably a synonym" [of C. convexaSay]. A number of Epitoniidae (Nos. 122-128) and Opisthobranchia (Nos. 130-136), which had been found by MORCH in KREBS' materi- al, were new for St. Martin. Seven of these (Nos. 122, 123, 127, 128, and described 130, 133, 135) were by MORCH as new species. Since MORCH only treated the Gastropoda, knowledge of the Pelecypoda of St. Martin remained nil. The total number of marine mollusk species known by KREBS to occur in St. Martin, was 146 and of which (Tables 1 2), 143 were Gastropoda. We have already mentioned that three and hence 140 names were synonyms, species of marine Gastropoda were collected by KREBS. COOMANS (1958, p. 46-49) listed 82 species of marine Gastropoda, collected mainly by P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK on the Dutch side of the island; 45 of these are indicated in Tables 1 and 2. Therefore 37 HUMMELINCK al. in Dutch species were collected by et St. Martin which were not known to occur on the island by KREBS. However, KREBS collected 95 species of gastropods that have not been found by HUMMELINCK. 84 1959 During June we were able to collect on both the French and Dutch sides of St. Martin. Our results, completed with some data furnished several in another column of to us by collectors, are given Tables and of 1 2. Altogether 66 KREBS' Gastropoda species were collected by us on St. Martin; 88 of our species were not mentioned by either KREBS or MORCH. Of these 88 species, 57 had not been collected by HUMMELINCK et al. Our total results were: marine Gastropoda 154 species marine Pelecypoda 90 species Amphineura 2 species Scaphopoda Cephalopoda 2 species marine Mollusca 248 species Without doubt the collection any largest of shells from St. Martin collected H. E. was by VAN RIJGERSMA. He was a Dutch born in the Netherlands in who physician, 1835, came to St. Martin in 1863 (one year before KREBS' list was published). He lived on St. Martin until his death in 1877, except for the period 1873-1874. HOLT- Two articles concerning VAN RIJGERSMA were published by HUIS (1959, 1961), in which he showed that VAN RIJGERSMA was especially interested in mollusks. VAN RIJGERSMA also collected animals other than mollusks, and traded them for shells with the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia and the Rijksmu- seum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden. After his death in 1877, his wife remained on St. Martin until 1893. It is not known what became of VAN RIJGERSMA'S shell collection. That VAN indeed collector be shown RIJGERSMA was a good may by reference to VERNHOUT (1914). VERNHOUT mentioned the land and fresh-water mollusks of the Netherlands Antilles, altogether 73 species. The numbers for each island were: Aruba 2, Curasao 21, Bonaire 6, St. Martin 48, Saba 4, St. Eustatius 5. The large species list for St. Martin from MAZE was completely copied (1890, p. 22- 34), who also mentioned the collector of these species: VAN RIJGERS- MA (misspelled as "Van Rijersma", "Van Rigersma", or "Van Rijesma"). However, of these 48 "land and fresh-water" mollusk 85 species, there were twelve brackish-water and marine gastropods. these Martin HUM- Seven of were never collected on St. by KREBS, MELINCK Or COOMANS. The total number of marine Gastropoda species known from St. Martin in the nineteenthand twentieth centuries is: 140 species, collected by KREBS, mentioned in KREBS (1864) and MORCH (1875-1877); 37 species, collected by HUMMELINCK et al., mentioned in COO- MANS (1958), not collected by KREBS; 57 species, collected by COOMANS et al., in 1959, collected by neither KREBS nor HUMMELINCK ; in 7 species, collected by VAN RIJGERSMA, mentioned MAZE (1890), copied by VERNHOUT (1914) and SCHEPMAN (1915), not collected by KREBS, HUMMELINCK or COOMANS ; 11 species, not recorded by any of the above mentioned authors, were lately found by us in several publications. 252 species. The results of the made St. in collecting trip by us to Martin June 1959 will be published later. Until then KREBS' hundred-year-old publication will remain the most extensive list of marine gastro- pods from St. Martin. LITERATURE ANTON, H. E., 1839. Verzeichniss der Conchylien. Halle. BEAU, M., 1858. Catalogue des coquilles recueillies a la Guadeloupe et ses dipendances, prdcdde d'une introduction par M. P. Fischer, Paris. CARPENTER, P. P., 1856. Notes onthe species of Hipponyx inhabitingthe American with of Proc. Zool. Soc. London 3-5. coasts, descriptions new species. 24, p. CLENCH, W. J. & AGUAYO, C. G. & TURNER, R. D., 1947-1948. The West-Indian marine shells with some remarks. A manuscript printed for circulation among collectors by H. Krebs. 1864. A republication,with remarks and a brief account of the life of H. Krebs. Rev. Soc. Malac. Carlos die la Torre 5, p. 23—40, 59—80, 91-116; 6, p. 11-48. CLENCH, W. J. & TURNER, R. D., 1950. The Western Atlantic marine Mollusks described by C. B. Adams. Occ. Pap. Moll. 1, nr. 15, p. 233-403. W. & R. 1951. The in the Western CLENCH, J. TURNER, D., genus Epitonium Atlantic. Part 1. nr. 249-288. Johnsonia2, 30, p. & R. 1952. The in the CLENCH, W. J. TURNER, D., genus Epitonium (part 2), .... Western Atlantic. 289-356. Johnsonia 2, nr. 31, p. 86 CLENCH, W. J. & TURNER, R. D., 1957. The family Cymatiidae in the Western Atlantic. 189-244. Johnsottia3, nr. 36, p. H. 1958. A of the littoral of the Netherlands COOMANS, E., survey Gastropoda Antilles and other Caribbean Islands. Stud. Fauna Curafao 8, nr. 31, p. 42-111. H. and and COOMANS, E., 1963. Systematics distribution of Siphocypraea mus Stud. Propustularia surinamensis. Fauna Curafao 15, nr. 68, p. 51-71. H. de CROSSE, & BLAND, TH., 1873. Description Mollusques nouveauxprovenant de et de Sainte-Lucie 40-44. Cura5ao (Antilles). /. Conchyl. 21, p. W. DALL, H., 1889. Reports on the results of dredging by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake". Reportonthe Mollusca. Part 2. Gastropoda and Scaphopoda. Bull. Mus. Zool. 1-492. Comp. 18, p. 1949. Les Rissoina de l'ile de Cuba. 193-208. DESJARDIN, M., J. Conchyl. 89, nr. 4, p. DODGE, H., 1955. A historical review of the Mollusks of Linnaeus. Part 3. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. art. 1-158. 107, 1, p. DODGE, H., 1956. A historical review of the Mollusks of Linnaeus. Part 4. Bull. Mus. Nat. Amer. Hist. 111, art. 3, p. 153-312. HOLTHUIS, L. B., 1959. H. E. van Rijgersma - A little-known naturalist of St. Mar- tin Stud. Fauna 69-78. (Netherlands Antilles). Curafao 9, nr. 39, p. HOLTHUIS, L. B., 1961. Nadere gegevens betreffende H. E. van Rijgersma. Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 166-167. 41, nr. 2, p. KEEN, A. M., 1958. Sea shells of tropical West America. Stanford. KIENER, L.-C., 1834. Genre Buccin. In: Species generalet iconographie des Coquilles vivantes Paris. 9. KREBS, H., 1864. The West-Indian marine shells with some remarks. A manuscript printed for circulation between collectors. Nykjobing, Falster. marine KREBS, H., 1866. Remarks on some species of West Indian shells in the cabinet of Hist. York 394—398. Amherst College, Mass. Ann. Lyc. Nat. New 8, p. KREBS, H., 1873. On the Westindian Rissoinae. Proc. Sci. Ass. Trinidad 46-56. 2, p. KURODA, T. & HABE, T., 1952. Check list and bibliography of the recent marine Mollusca of Japan. Tokyo. 1890. revise terrestres et MAZ6, H., SupplementauCatalogue des Mollusques fluvia- tiles de la de 19-34. Guadeloupe et ses dependances. J. Conchyl. 38, p. O. A. 1852. D. MORCH, L., Catalogus Conchyliorum quae reliquit Alphonso d'Aguirra &■ Yoldi. Gadea Comes de Fasc. 1. Cephalophora. Hafniae. M6RCH, O. A. L., 1874. Synopsis Familiae Scalidarum Indiarum occidentalium. Vestindiens Scalarier. Oversigt over Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn (3) 6, p. 250-268. MORCH, O. A. L., 1875-1877. Synopsis Moluscorum marinorum Indiarum occiden- talium. Malakozool. Blatter 22, p. 142-184; 23, p. 45-58, 87-143; 24, p. 14-66, 93-123. MORCH, O. A. L., 1876. A descriptive catalogue of the Scalidae of the West India Islands. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 189-207. /. (2) 8, p. ORBIGNY, A. D', 1853. Mollusques, vol. 2. In: R. DE LA SAGRA, Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de I'lie de Cuba. Paris. PACE, S., 1902. Contributions to the study of the Columbellidae. Proc. Malac. Soc. 36-154. 5, p. L. 1845. of of shells. Proc. Zool. Soc. London REEVE, A., Descriptions new species 13, 108-119. p. REEVE, L. A., 1846 Descriptions of fifty-four new species of Mangelia, from the collection of H. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 59-65. Cuming, Esq. 14, p. 87 L. 1850. of the Fissurella. Conchol. Icon. 6. REEVE, A., Monograph genus REEVE, L. A., 1869. Monographof the genus Atys. Conchol. Icon. IJ. L. 1873-1874. of the Scalaria. Conchol. Icon. REEVE, A., Monograph genus ig. SCHEPMAN, M. M., 1911. Prosobranchia of the Siboga expedition. Part 4, Rachi- Livr. 247-364. glossa. Siboga-expeditie, 58, p. SCHEPMAN, M. M., 1915. Mollusca. In: Encyclopaedic van Nederlandsch West-Indie, 1914-1917. 477-482. 's-Gravenhage, p. G. 1844. of the Columbella. Thesaurus SOWERBY, B., Monograph genus In: Conchyli- orum 1. London. SWIFT, R., 1863. List of marine-shells of the Virgin-Islands, (not seen) TOMLIN, J. R. LE BROCKTON, 1917. Systematic list of the Marginellidae.Proc. Malac. Soc. 242-306. 12, nr. 5, p. TRYON, G. W., 1880, 1882, 1884, 1886, 1887. Manual of Conchology 2, 4, 6, 8, 9. Philadelphia. USTICKE, G. W. NOWELL-, 1959. A check list of the marine shells of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, with random annotations. Burlington. VERNHOUT, J. H., 1914. The land- and freshwater-Molluscs of the Dutch West- Indian islands. Notes Leyden Mus. 36, nr. 18, p. 177-189. WARMICE, G. L. & ABBOTT, R. T., 1961. Caribbean Seashells. Narbeth. WEBER, J. A., 1961. Marine shells of Water Island, Virgin Islands. Nautilus 75, nr. 55-60. 2, p. WENZ, W., 1938-1944. Gastropoda. In: O. H. SCHINDEWOLF, Handbuch der Palaozoo- logie 6. Berlin.