Hydrothermal Source of Radiogenic Sr to Himalayan Rivers
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Flood Management Strategy for Ganga Basin Through Storage
Flood Management Strategy for Ganga Basin through Storage by N. K. Mathur, N. N. Rai, P. N. Singh Central Water Commission Introduction The Ganga River basin covers the eleven States of India comprising Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi. The occurrence of floods in one part or the other in Ganga River basin is an annual feature during the monsoon period. About 24.2 million hectare flood prone area Present study has been carried out to understand the flood peak formation phenomenon in river Ganga and to estimate the flood storage requirements in the Ganga basin The annual flood peak data of river Ganga and its tributaries at different G&D sites of Central Water Commission has been utilised to identify the contribution of different rivers for flood peak formations in main stem of river Ganga. Drainage area map of river Ganga Important tributaries of River Ganga Southern tributaries Yamuna (347703 sq.km just before Sangam at Allahabad) Chambal (141948 sq.km), Betwa (43770 sq.km), Ken (28706 sq.km), Sind (27930 sq.km), Gambhir (25685 sq.km) Tauns (17523 sq.km) Sone (67330 sq.km) Northern Tributaries Ghaghra (132114 sq.km) Gandak (41554 sq.km) Kosi (92538 sq.km including Bagmati) Total drainage area at Farakka – 931000 sq.km Total drainage area at Patna - 725000 sq.km Total drainage area of Himalayan Ganga and Ramganga just before Sangam– 93989 sq.km River Slope between Patna and Farakka about 1:20,000 Rainfall patten in Ganga basin -
The Conservation Action Plan the Ganges River Dolphin
THE CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN 2010-2020 National Ganga River Basin Authority Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India Prepared by R. K. Sinha, S. Behera and B. C. Choudhary 2 MINISTER’S FOREWORD I am pleased to introduce the Conservation Action Plan for the Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in the Ganga river basin. The Gangetic Dolphin is one of the last three surviving river dolphin species and we have declared it India's National Aquatic Animal. Its conservation is crucial to the welfare of the Ganga river ecosystem. Just as the Tiger represents the health of the forest and the Snow Leopard represents the health of the mountainous regions, the presence of the Dolphin in a river system signals its good health and biodiversity. This Plan has several important features that will ensure the existence of healthy populations of the Gangetic dolphin in the Ganga river system. First, this action plan proposes a set of detailed surveys to assess the population of the dolphin and the threats it faces. Second, immediate actions for dolphin conservation, such as the creation of protected areas and the restoration of degraded ecosystems, are detailed. Third, community involvement and the mitigation of human-dolphin conflict are proposed as methods that will ensure the long-term survival of the dolphin in the rivers of India. This Action Plan will aid in their conservation and reduce the threats that the Ganges river dolphin faces today. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. R. K. Sinha , Dr. S. K. Behera and Dr. -
Satellite Imagery Evaluation of Soil Moisture Variability in North-East Part of Ganges Basin, India Proma Bhattacharyya
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 1-30-2013 Satellite imagery evaluation of soil moisture variability in north-east part of Ganges Basin, India Proma Bhattacharyya Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds Recommended Citation Bhattacharyya, Proma. "Satellite imagery evaluation of soil moisture variability in north-east part of Ganges Basin, India." (2013). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Satellite Imagery Evaluation of Soil Moisture Variability in North-East part of Ganges Basin, India By Proma Bhattacharyya B.Sc Geology, University of Calcutta, India, 2007 M.Sc Applied Geology, Presidency College-University of Calcutta, 2009 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Earth and Planetary Sciences The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Graduation Date – December 2012 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I heartily acknowledge Dr. Gary W. Weissmann, my advisor and dissertation chair, for continuing to encourage me through the years of my MS here in the University of New Mexico. His guidance will remain with me as I continue my career. I also thank my committee members, Dr. Louis Scuderi and Dr. Grant Meyer for their valuable recommendations pertaining to this study. To my parents and my fiancé, thank you for the many years of support. -
Drainage System
CHAPTER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ou have observed water flowing through 2006) in this class . Can you, then, explain the the rivers, nalas and even channels reason for water flowing from one direction to Yduring rainy season which drain the the other? Why do the rivers originating from the excess water. Had these channels not been Himalayas in the northern India and the Western there, large-scale flooding would have Ghat in the southern India flow towards the east occurred. Wherever channels are ill-defined or and discharge their waters in the Bay of Bengal? choked, flooding is a common phenomenon. The flow of water through well-defined channels is known as ‘drainage’ and the network of such channels is called a ‘drainage system’. The drainage pattern of an area is the outcome of the geological time period, nature and structure of rocks, topography, slope, amount of water flowing and the periodicity of the flow. Do you have a river near your village or city? Have you ever been there for boating or bathing? Figure 3.1 : A River in the Mountainous Region Is it perennial (always with water) or ephemeral (water during rainy season, and dry, otherwise)? A river drains the water collected from a Do you know that rivers flow in the same specific area, which is called its ‘catchment area’. direction? You have studied about slopes in the An area drained by a river and its tributaries other two textbooks of geography (NCERT, is called a drainage basin. The boundary line Important Drainage Patterns (i) The drainage pattern resembling the branches of a tree is known as “dendritic” the examples of which are the rivers of northern plain. -
The Status of Glaciers in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region
The Status of Glaciers in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region The Status of Glaciers in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region Editors Samjwal Ratna Bajracharya Basanta Shrestha International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal, November 2011 Published by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development GPO Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal Copyright © 2011 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) All rights reserved. Published 2011 ISBN 978 92 9115 215 5 (printed) 978 92 9115 217 9 (electronic) LCCN 2011-312013 Printed and bound in Nepal by Sewa Printing Press, Kathmandu, Nepal Production team A Beatrice Murray (Consultant editor) Andrea Perlis (Senior editor) Dharma R Maharjan (Layout and design) Asha Kaji Thaku (Editorial assistant) Note This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. ICIMOD would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from ICIMOD. The views and interpretations in this publication are those of the author(s). They are not attribuTable to ICIMOD and do not imply the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or the endorsement of any product. This publication is available in electronic form at www.icimod.org/publications Citation: Bajracharya, SR; Shrestha, B (eds) (2011) The status of glaciers in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region. -
11-GEOGRAPHY.Pdf
Class: XI GEOGRAPHY Date: 14/8/21 CHAPTER 3 DRINAGE SYSTEM OF INDIA WE WILL LEARN • THE MEANING OF DIFFERENT TERMS USED INTHIS CHAPTER • TO CLASSIFY RIVERS OF INDIA • TO KNOW THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTEERISTICS OF RIVERS DRAINAGE: The flow of water through well-defined channels DRAINAGE SYSTEM: The network of such channels is called a ‘drainage system’. DRAINAGE BASIN: An area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin. CATCHMENT AREA: A river drains the water collected from a specific area, which is called its ‘catchment area’. WATER SHED: The boundary separating one drainage basin from the other is known as the watershed. It is generally a high land. PERENNIAL: Rivers that carry water throughout the year. EPHEMERAL: Rivers that carry water only in rainy season. DRAINAGE PATTERN Radial pattern DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF INDIA On the basis of On the basis of the discharge of water size of the watershed On the basis of the mode of origin (i) The Arabian Sea (i) Major river basins with (I)Himalayan drainage; more than 20,000 sq. km of drainage Indus, the Narmada, the catchment area Tapi, It includes 14 drainage basins such the Mahi and the Periyar as the Ganga, the Brahmaputra, the systems Krishna, the west flowing rivers Tapi, the Narmada, the Mahi, the (ii) Pennar, the Sabarmati, the Barak Peninsular drainage. (ii) The Bay of Bengal (ii)Medium river basins with drainage catchment area between 2,000- Ganga, the 20,000 sq. km Brahmaputra, the Mahanadi, the (iii) Minor river basins with Krishna, the Godavari, catchment area of less than 2,000 the Kaveri sq. -
Reviving the Ganges Water Machine Reviving the Ganges Water
1 Reviving the Ganges Water MachineMachine:: Potential 2 3 Upali A. Amarasinghe, Lal Mutuwatte, Lagudu Surinaidu, Sumit Anand and Sharad. K. Jain 4 5 Name, email and addresses 6 Upali A. Amarasinghe (Corresponding author) - [email protected] 7 International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka 8 9 Lal Mutuwatte – [email protected] 10 International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka 11 12 Lagudu Surinaidu - [email protected] 13 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI), Hyderabad, 14 India 15 16 Sumit Anand – [email protected] 17 International Water Management Institute (IWMI), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Telangana, India 18 19 Sharad K. Jain - [email protected] 20 National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India 21 22 1 1 Reviving the Ganges Water MachineMachine:::: Potential 2 3 Abstract 4 The Ganges River Basin faces severe water related challenges related to a mismatch between supply and 5 demand. Although the basin has abundant surface water and groundwater resources, the seasonal 6 monsoon causes a mismatch between supply and demand as well as flooding. Water availability and flood 7 potential is high during the 3-4 months (June to September) of the monsoon season. Yet, the highest 8 demands occur during the 8-9 months (October to May) of the non-monsoon period. Addressing this 9 mismatch, w hich is likely to increase with increasing demand, requires substantial additional storage for 10 both flood reduction and improvements in water supply. Due to hydrogeological, environmental and 11 social constraints, expansion of surface storage in the Ganges River Basin is problematic. -
Flood and Its Relationship to Developmental Activities in Rapti River Basin, Gorakhpur
International Journal of Scientific & Innovative Research Studies ISSN : 2347-7660 (Print) | ISSN : 2454-1818 (Online) FLOOD AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN RAPTI RIVER BASIN, GORAKHPUR Dr.Prashant Singh, Assistant Professsor Department of Geography, FAA Government PG College Mahmudabad Sitapur ABSTRACT Floods are among the most devastating natural hazards in the world, claiming more lives and causing more property damages than any other natural phenomena. Floods are caused due to combination of various natural and anthropogenic factors. Gorakhpur is one of the worst flood affected district of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Attempts have been made to study relationship between flooding and developmental activities and suggest measures for the optimum utilization of resources in the region. Keywords: Floods, Developmental activities, Gorakhpur INTRODUCTION agriculture, forestry and urbanization on flooding in the Gorakhpur district and measures have been Floods are the most prevalent natural hazard that suggested to minimize their effect on flooding. affect people, infrastructure, and the natural environment. They occur in many ways and in STUDY AREA many environments. Specially in the tropical and subtropical monsoon climate river flooding is Gorakhpur district lies in the lower reaches of Rapti natural event. Generally river floods are due to river basin which occupies extreme north-eastern heavy, prolonged rainfall or rapid snowfall in part of Uttar Pradesh and is between 26°15 - 27°06' upstream watershed or abundant rainfall over a north latitude and 83° 06' - 83°45' east longitude short period in relatively flat terrain exceeding the (figure1), falling in the Survey of India Toposheet absorptive capacity of the soil and the flow capacity 63N. -
52195-001: Priority River Basins Flood Risk Management Project
Priority River Basins Flood Risk Management Project (RRP NEP 52195) Social Safeguards Due Diligence Report Project Number: 52195-001 June 2020 Nepal: Priority River Basins Flood Risk Management Project Prepared by Department of Water Resources and Irrigation, and the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation for the Asian Development Bank. This social safeguards due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 11 June 2020) Currency unit – Nepalese Rupee (NRe) NRe1.00 = $ 0.0082658291 $1.00 = NRe120.98 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - Affected person CBDRM - Community-Based Disaster Risk Management CBS - Central Bureau of Statistics CDMC - Community Disaster Management Committee DWRI - Department of Water Resources and Irrigation FFEW - Flood Forecasting and Early Warning GIS - Geographic Information System GoN - Government of Nepal GRC - Grievance Redress Committee HH - Household IP - Indigenous people IR - Involuntary Resettlement MoU - Memorandum of Understanding NGO - non-governmental organization PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit PRBFRMP - Priority River Basins Flood Risk Management Project PRTW - Proposed River Training Works SPS - ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement TA - Technical Assistance VDC - Village Development Council VDLUR - Voluntary Donation of Land Use Rights WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1ha (hectare) – Is equivalent to 29.58 katthas km – Kilometre Table of Contents Executive Summary i I. -
Title of the Paper Author, Author Affiliation, and Author Email
Title of the Paper The Public Benefits of Private Technology Adoption Author, Author Affiliation, and Author email Anil K. Bhargava, University of California, Davis [email protected] Travis J. Lybbert, University of California, Davis David J. Spielman, International Food Policy Research Institute Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association’s 2014 AAEA Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, July 27‐29, 2014. Copyright 2014 by [authors]. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non‐commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. The Public Benefits of Private Technology Adoption Anil K. Bhargava, Travis J. Lybbert and David Spielman May 2014 1 Introduction The recent acceleration of climate change due to global warming has been linked to erratic and extreme weather patterns around the globe. India’s drought in 2012 was its fourth in the previous 12 years, and the United Nations World Meteorological Society projects the frequency, intensity and duration of these to increase. Moreover, future monsoon rains–on which Indian agriculture relies– are expected to be heavier but shorter in duration, reducing the amount of water table recharge. Among the most vulnerable to the fallout from these climate changes are the poorest farmers who have the fewest opportunities to adapt through alternative livelihoods or adopting conservation agriculture techniques. Much has been written about possible reasons for low uptake of high return agricultural practices, such as the higher risk, lack of information, liquidity constraints, and credit and insurance market failures. This paper builds on recent analyses of farmer demand and private returns to resource conserv- ing technology in India by evaluating total benefits inclusive of those accruing to nonadopters. -
Executive Summary of Ghaghara-Yamuna
Executive Summary of Ghaghara-Yamuna The National Water Policy of Government of India provides that water should be made available to water short areas by transfer from other areas including transfers from one river basin to another, based on a national perspective, after taking into account the requirements of the areas/basins. Accordingly, long distance inter-basin transfer of water from water surplus basins to water deficit basins has been mooted in our country in order to reduce the regional imbalances in the availability of water. A National Perspective Plan (NPP) was formulated in the year 1980 by the Union Ministry of Irrigation (now Ministry of Water Resources) and the Central Water Commission identifying a number of inter-basin water transfer links in respect of both Peninsular rivers and Himalayan rivers of the country. The Peninsular Rivers Development and the Himalayan Rivers Development Components put together were expected to create an additional irrigation potential of 35 million hectares besides hydropower potential and other benefits. The interlinking of Ghaghara (Karnali)-Yamuna rivers is one of the important interdependent and international link proposals of Himalayan Rivers Development Component of the NPP. This report deals with feasibility studies of Ghaghara-Yamuna link project. The objective of preparation of the feasibility report is mainly to facilitate firming up of the proposals and for discussions among the concerned States/Countries to arrive at broad agreements on the quantum of diversions and utilisations of water, mutual consensus for carrying out the work in the respective countries, sharing of cost and benefits etc. This report has been prepared keeping in view the comments offered by the concerned State Govts./Deptts. -
Fish Biodiversity and Its Diversity Indices in the Himalayan River
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(6): 1559-1564 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Fish biodiversity and its diversity indices in the www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2020; 8(6): 1559-1564 Himalayan River Ghaghara at Northern India © 2020 JEZS Received: 26-09-2020 Accepted: 28-10-2020 Dinesh Kumar, Ashish Kumar Maurya, Laxmi Prasad, CP Singh, KV Dinesh Kumar Radhakrishnan and SR Somasekara College of Fisheries, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Abstract Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar The fish biodiversity and diversity indices were studied in the Himalayan River Ghaghara, a principal Pradesh, India tributary of the mighty River Ganga for a period of one year (August 2016 to July 2017) based on data Ashish Kumar Maurya collected from three locations representing the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river. A total of 71 College of Fisheries, Karnataka fish species belonging to 25 families and 49 genera were recorded and the catch composition showed Veterinary Animal and Fisheries predominance of fishes of the family Cyprinidae contributing 35% followed by Bagridae (10%) and Sciences University, Mangalore, Channidae (6%). The IUCN status of the fishes showed the golden mahseer (Tor putitora) as endangered Karnataka, India (EN) while 2 species are vulnerable (VU) and 5 are nearly threatened (NT). The Shannon-Weiner Index (H) and the Simpson’s index of diversity (D) were found to have highest values for the site A-2 (values Laxmi Prasad College of Fisheries, Acharya 3.786 and 0.974 respectively). The Evenness index varied from 0.754 to 0.847 and calculated maximum Narendra Deva University of also for site A-2 while Margalef index was calculated maximum for Site A-1 as 8.198.