DOCSLIB.ORG

Bringing Closure and Justice to Guatemala

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bringing Closure and Justice to Guatemala Vol. XXIX, No. 2 June 2012 “…and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” ABRAHAM LINCOLN FOUNDED BY THE VETERANS OF THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE ALBA/PUFFIN AWARD for HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISM Bringing Closure and Justice to Guatemala Perry Rosenstein presenting the ALBA/Puffin Human Rights Activism Awards to Kate Doyle and Fredy Peccerelli. Museum Gallery Features Plaque to Lincoln Brigade The new Puffin gallery at the Museum of the City of New York, focusing on the history of social activism from colonial days to the present, features a permanent plaque to honor the men and women who volunteered to defend the Spanish Republic against the military uprising during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). Although the U.S. volunteers in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade came from nearly every state in the union, the largest numbers originated in New York City, and nearly everyone who sailed to Europe to enlist in the fight departed from the port of New York. The visual symbol on the plaque, a three-pointed star, was used by the International Brigades in Spain to represent that “all mankind”—believed to consist of three “races”—supported the elected Spanish Republic. Photo by Len Tsou. The Volunteer founded by the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade an ALBA publication 799 Broadway, Suite 341 New York, NY 10003 (212) 674-5398 www.alba-valb.org Editorial Board Peter N. Carroll • Gina Herrmann The Future of ALBA Fraser Ottanelli • Sebastiaan Faber Planning for your will and your legacy? The Veterans of the Art Director-Graphic Designer Abraham Lincoln Brigade established their legacy with the Richard Bermack Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives. Now you can continue Editorial Assistance their “good fight” by establishing a legacy gift to ALBA in Nancy Van Zwalenburg your will. As a non-profit educational organization, 501(c)(3), Submission of Manuscripts ALBA can accept legacy gifts in any amount, large or small. Please send manuscripts by email Please help us continue to expand our horizons, and your [email protected] beliefs, and help us to teach the Lincoln Brigade’s legacy to the next generation and beyond. www.albavolunteer.org For more information, call us at 212-674-5398 or email [email protected]. 2 THE VOLUNTEER June 2012 ALBA Executive Director Marina Garde, Fredy Peccerelli, Granito director Pamela Yates, ALBA Board Chair Sebastiaan Faber, Kate Doyle, and Granito producer Paco de Onís at the New York celebration. ALBA/Puffin Award Honors Struggle for Victims’ Rights LBA’s annual celebrations in New Human Rights Activism before the sold- which no case could be made,” ALBA York City and Berkeley, California, out auditorium of the Museum of the City Board Chair Sebastiaan Faber remarked. Acommemorated the 75th anni- of New York on May 13. Doyle also joined “They have shown tremendous tenacity, versary of the bombing of Guernica and the reunion festivities at Berkeley’s Freight courage, care, and acuity in vindicat- honored the groundbreaking work of & Salvage auditorium on May 27, where ing victims of government violence and two tireless defenders of human rights she was greeted by Lincoln vet Delmer pursuing the perpetrators of criminal in Latin America: Fredy Peccerelli, Berg, the only surviving vet able to attend activity—helping make possible the first- Executive Director of the Guatemalan either event. He was delighted to see that ever conviction of Guatemalan military Forensic Anthropology Foundation, the “good fight” goes on. forces for crimes against humanity. The and Kate Doyle, Senior Analyst of U.S. “Doyle and Peccerelli do the tough, forces and people they are up against policy in Latin America at the National tedious searching and retrieving of evi- are cunning and powerful, and the Security Archive. They accepted their dence, which the perpetrators try so stakes are high. But their search for the shared $100,000 ALBA/Puffin Award for hard to bury and destroy, and without truth does not serve just a legal purpose. June 2012 THE VOLUNTEER 3 I work within a web whose documentary Granito: How to of extraordinary col- Nail a Dictator recounts the story of the leagues. We have Ríos Montt trial. Also present was Néstor been plucked out of a Villatoro, son of Guatemalan labor leader line where we stand Amancio Samuel Villatoro, who was disap- with hundreds and peared and killed in the country’s internal hundreds of amaz- conflict. Villatoro’s remains were retrieved ing activists.” and identified by Peccerelli’s team. “The work we This year’s ALBA/Puffin Student carry out,” Peccerelli Activism Award was granted to Andrew added, “is made Plotch, a high school sophomore from possible first and Bergen Academies (New Jersey), because foremost by the of his commitment to social justice as a thousands of brave leader in his school’s Junior Statesmen survivors, witnesses of America program and in Amnesty and relatives—who International. “An activist life,” said have never stopped Plotch, “means a commitment to fighting searching for their injustice, no matter the odds, no mat- loved ones, for truth ter the consequences. Learning about the Andrew Plotch, winner of the ALBA/Puffin Student Activism and for justice.” Lincoln Brigade has opened my eyes to a Award, addresses the New York gathering. Peccerelli dedicated group of people who cared about righting his award to the vic- the wrongs in the world to an extent I had They also provide closure. Every docu- tims of military violence in Guatemala. never seen before.” Plotch is a student of ment and every body they dig up help A roundtable discussion preced- two alumni of ALBA’s institute for educa- strengthen democracy and the rule of ing the award ceremony described the tion, which organizes workshops for high law. Their work embodies international advances made in the fight against impu- school teachers all over the United States. solidarity, moral outrage, and a thirst for nity in Guatemala, as well as the obstacles “It is amazing,” said ALBA Executive justice. That is the lasting legacy of the still remaining. “The numbers of per- Director Marina Garde, “to see the work volunteers of the Lincoln Brigade that we want to honor—a legacy that leads from Guernica to Human Rights.” “The work we carry out is made possible first and foremost by Peccerelli heads a large team that, the thousands of brave survivors, witnesses and relatives— over the past 15 years, has exhumed hun- dreds of mass graves filled with victims who have never stopped searching for their loved ones, for of Guatemala’s civil war. Doyle has spent truth and for justice.” —Fredy Peccerelli 20 years working with Latin American human rights organizations and truth commissions—in Mexico, Guatemala, petrators indicted and convicted may that high school students are capable of El Salvador, Honduras and Peru—to seem small in comparison to the hun- when put into contact with the compel- obtain the declassification of U.S. gov- dreds of thousands of victims of violence ling stories contained in ALBA’s archive.” ernment archives in support of their in Guatemala,” said Daniel Wilkinson, Both events, which also honored investigations. Deputy Director of the Americas recently deceased Lincoln vet Vernon “Doyle and Peccerelli have bravely Division at the Human Rights Watch Bown, closed with a stirring performance sought out the criminals in Central organization. “But the progress made is of Spanish Civil War songs by Bruce America,” said Perry Rosenstein, President actually remarkable. Fifteen years ago Barthol’s band. of the Puffin Foundation, “criminals whose nobody would have imagined that a for- The ALBA/Puffin award has murderous actions have been supported by mer head of state like Augusto Pinochet been widely covered in U.S. and Latin our government. We worry about Kate and could have been indicted, as Judge American media, including NPR, CNN, Fredy’s safety. But we hope their work will Garzón did in 1998. This past January, EFE, and Salon. inspire others to participate in bringing the the same fate befell Efraín Rios Montt, The New York event was made possi- stories of these atrocities to light.” President of Guatemala during the worst ble by the Puffin Foundation and the “Human rights activism,” Doyle said of the genocidal violence in the early Rosenstein family, the Host and Honorary in her acceptance speech, “is the recog- 1980s. His indictment was made possible Committees, the Center for nition of the imperative of engagement largely through the work of Doyle and Constitutional Rights, the Jacob & Ruth in order to right wrongs so grievous that Peccerelli.” Epstein Foundation, the Political Science we have no other choice but to join in The roundtable discussion was Department at Pace University, and the the struggle. In Guatemala, Fredy and moderated by filmmaker Pamela Yates, Museum of the City of New York. 4 THE VOLUNTEER June 2012 Attendees at the New York event. Clockwise, starting at top left photo: (l to r) Molly Klopot and Tibby Brooks; Nancy Wallach and Josie Nelson Yurek; Nancy Tsou, Sylvia Thompson, and Len Tsou; members of Fredy Peccerelli’s family with June 2012 THE VOLUNTEER 5 Georgia Wever; forensic anthropologist Gina Hart (right) with daughter Allison Sharplin. Photos by Richard Bermack. Fredy Peccerelli and Kate Doyle with Nestor Villatoro. The identification of the bones of Nestor’s father by Peccerelli’s team was a breakthrough in establishing the military’s responsibility for the disappeared in Guatemala. Photo by Richard Bermack. Editor’s note: The following are the edited speeches by the recipients of the 2012 ALBA/Puffin Award for Human Rights Activism, presented at the Museum of the City of New York.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930S
    Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Ariel Mae Lambe All rights reserved ABSTRACT Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe This dissertation shows that during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) diverse Cubans organized to support the Spanish Second Republic, overcoming differences to coalesce around a movement they defined as antifascism. Hundreds of Cuban volunteers—more than from any other Latin American country—traveled to Spain to fight for the Republic in both the International Brigades and the regular Republican forces, to provide medical care, and to serve in other support roles; children, women, and men back home worked together to raise substantial monetary and material aid for Spanish children during the war; and longstanding groups on the island including black associations, Freemasons, anarchists, and the Communist Party leveraged organizational and publishing resources to raise awareness, garner support, fund, and otherwise assist the cause. The dissertation studies Cuban antifascist individuals, campaigns, organizations, and networks operating transnationally to help the Spanish Republic, contextualizing these efforts in Cuba’s internal struggles of the 1930s. It argues that both transnational solidarity and domestic concerns defined Cuban antifascism. First, Cubans confronting crises of democracy at home and in Spain believed fascism threatened them directly. Citing examples in Ethiopia, China, Europe, and Latin America, Cuban antifascists—like many others—feared a worldwide menace posed by fascism’s spread.
    [Show full text]
  • V25n3 September2003
    Violunteer2003-3.qxd 8/19/2003 2:12 PM Page 1 ...and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. TheThe VVolunteerolunteer ABRAHAM LINCOLN JOURNAL OF THE VETERANS OF THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE Vol. XXV, No. 3 September 2003 Veterans and friends with banners in Corbera. Photo courtesy of Bob Coale and Len Tsou. See “Return to the Ebro,” page 3. Chicago Vets, page 5 Prison Labor in Franco’s Spain, page 7 George Watt Awards, page 9 Book and Music Reviews, pages 16-20 Violunteer2003-3.qxd 8/19/2003 2:12 PM Page 2 Seeking World War II Letters To document the role of the veterans of the Lincoln Letters Brigade during World War II, ALBA is seeking privately Dear Friends: held correspondence written by vets in the military or The obituary of Bill Susman is a reminder of how from the home front. Such material will be indexed and neglect and procrastination negate the best of intentions. added to the ALBA archives at New York University’s I met Bill and was associated with him for a period Tamiment Library for the use of students and scholars. during the time when we both served on the board of the These letters may also be published in a forthcoming Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives. I remember getting volume. down beside his chair in a noisy, crowded conference room Such gifts to ALBA are tax deductible. If you have to talk, and his admonishing, “Please Rick, you don’t have such material, please contact Julia Newman, Executive to genuflect to me!” Bill was very friendly, outgoing, and Secretary, ALBA—Room 227, 799 Broadway, New York, accepting of my really non-qualifications to be on the NY 10003; 212-674-5398; [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • “My God, Are They Sending Women?”: Three Canadian Women in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 Larry Hannant
    Document généré le 24 sept. 2021 08:11 Journal of the Canadian Historical Association Revue de la Société historique du Canada “My God, are they sending women?”: Three Canadian Women in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 Larry Hannant Volume 15, numéro 1, 2004 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/012072ar DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/012072ar Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) The Canadian Historical Association/La Société historique du Canada ISSN 0847-4478 (imprimé) 1712-6274 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Hannant, L. (2004). “My God, are they sending women?”: Three Canadian Women in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association / Revue de la Société historique du Canada, 15(1), 153–176. https://doi.org/10.7202/012072ar Tous droits réservés © The Canadian Historical Association/La Société Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des historique du Canada, 2004 services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ chajournal2004.qxd 12/01/06 14:12 Page 153 “My God, are they sending women?”: Three Canadian Women in the Spanish Civil War, 1936- 1939 LARRY HANNANT onald Liversedge recalls Jean Watts bursting into the Canadian Cadre RService office at the International Brigades headquarters in Albacete, Spain, in December 1937.1 Liversedge was a volunteer with the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion of the International Brigades who had been assigned to an office job after being felled by pleurisy and dysentery at the disastrous Republican military offensive of Fuentes de Ebro in October.
    [Show full text]
  • Honors Thesis
    I give permission for public access to my thesis and for any copying to be done at the discretion of the archives librarian and/or the College librarian. _________________________________________ MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE HEALING THE WOUNDS OF FASCISM: THE AMERICAN MEDICAL BRIGADE AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY ASHLEY JOHNSON MAY 1, 2007 SOUTH HADLEY, MASSACHUSSETTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………1 CHAPTER ONE Why Spain?..............................................................................................11 CHAPTER TWO Hospital Life: Optimism, Trauma, and the Daily Grind……………..39 CHAPTER THREE The Journey Home………………………………………………………78 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………107 APPENDIX Medical Brigade Photographs………………………………………...111 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………116 To my mother, Melanie Johnson, for instilling me with a love of history. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people, who helped make this project a reality: To the staff of the Tamiment Labor Archives at NYU, for organizing papers, finding audio guides, and suggesting new material. To the History Department of Mount Holyoke College for generously giving me two Almara grants to carry out my research in New York. To Fredericka Martin, for working on a history of the Medical Brigade until her dying day, and for generously leaving all the material to ALBA. To my grandmother, Nanette Campbell, for trekking off to the Palo Alto library to find me microfilmed back issues of the San Francisco Chronicle. To Joy, Jessie, and Leslie, for reading drafts, listening attentively, and at times, taking me out of the library by force. And of course to Professor Daniel Czitrom, an amazing advisor, for handing me my first book about the Abraham Lincoln Brigade my sophomore year, and seeing me through it to the end.
    [Show full text]
  • Hispanic-Americans and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
    Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar History Theses and Dissertations History Spring 2020 INTERNATIONALISM IN THE BARRIOS: HISPANIC-AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939) Carlos Nava [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/hum_sci_history_etds Recommended Citation Nava, Carlos, "INTERNATIONALISM IN THE BARRIOS: HISPANIC-AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939)" (2020). History Theses and Dissertations. 11. https://scholar.smu.edu/hum_sci_history_etds/11 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. INTERNATIONALISM IN THE BARRIOS: HISPANIC-AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939) Approved by: ______________________________________ Prof. Neil Foley Professor of History ___________________________________ Prof. John R. Chávez Professor of History ___________________________________ Prof. Crista J. DeLuzio Associate Professor of History INTERNATIONALISM IN THE BARRIOS: HISPANIC-AMERICANS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939) A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty of Dedman College Southern Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in History by Carlos Nava B.A. Southern Methodist University May 16, 2020 Nava, Carlos B.A., Southern Methodist University Internationalism in the Barrios: Hispanic-Americans in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Advisor: Professor Neil Foley Master of Art Conferred May 16, 2020 Thesis Completed February 20, 2020 The ripples of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) had a far-reaching effect that touched Spanish speaking people outside of Spain.
    [Show full text]
  • A Right-Wing Apologist in Sheep's Clothing
    www.peoplesworld.org June 989, 2012 A right-wing apologist in sheep’s clothing By Sam Webb he ideological battle over the role of government promises to figure large in the current election campaign. So much so that it commands nearly daily atten- Ttion in the mass media. Hardly a news cycle goes by without some reference to it. Earlier this week David Brooks, a regular con- ernment assumed functions and established rights tributor to the oped pages of the New York Times (unemployment relief, jobs, Social Security, Medi- and frequent guest on television news shows, care, food stamps, Medicaid, welfare, education, jumped into the battle with both feet. Brooks po- environmental protection, civil rights, etc.) that sitions himself as an above-the-fray “moderate,” went beyond Hamilton’s vision. but the reality is otherwise. Now it may be true that the evolution of the Brooks writes that his vision of government federal government’s role in the 20th century and its role can be traced to Alexander Hamilton, eclipsed what Hamilton had in mind in the late one of the nation’s founding fathers and its first 18th century, but it is also true that it was a neces- secretary of the Treasury. According to Brooks, sary evolution given the crises, contradictions, and Hamilton believed that the federal government unfulfilled promises of developing capitalism. should be an active force that focuses on “long The particular configuration and functions of term structural development, not on providing the government and state are not set in stone. They jobs
    [Show full text]
  • Ibmtnewsletter
    IBMT Newsletter www.international-brigades.org.uk Issue 41 / 1-2016 INTERNATIONAL BRIGADE MEMORIAL TRUST Saturda y 12 March 2016 from 11am-5pm at the Manchester Conference Centre, 78 Sackville St, Manchester M1 3BB Professor Paul Preston Fees and booking WOMEN Pasionaria of steel: the life of G £15 including buffet lunch (payment Dolores Ibárruri by 28 February) & G £10 entrance only (payment on Professor Helen Graham the day) THE G Send cheques payable to IBMT SPANI SH Wars of development: to: Charles Jepson, Aysgaard, Margaret Michaelis’s images Beardwood Brow, Blackburn BB2 7AT of 1930s Barcelona (no receipts will be sent); or pay online via PayPal: [www.international- CIVIL WAR Dr Sylv ia Mart in brigades.org.uk/catalog/ Aileen Palmer and the British conferencestalks]; queries: [clarioncc International Brigade Medical Unit: ‘our secretary, @yahoo. co.uk] 01254 51302 Memorial Trust our interpreter, our dogsbody’ Further information 2016 Len Crome Dr Linda Palfreeman G Dolores Long: [doloreslong@ fastmail. fm] 0161 226 2013 Memorial Conference Fernanda Jacobsen: G Hilary Jones: [hilary.m.jones@ www.international-brigades.org.uk Samaritan or spy? btinternet.com] 01625 527 540 NEWS r e e t a M l l a h s r a M : o t o h p r e v o C Issue 41 / 1-2016 Cover story Stained glass window unveiled in Belfast City Hall: pages 11-12 3-6 & 8 News Including report from the IBMT’s Annual General Meeting in Aberdeen 7 Letter from Spain Justin Byrne writes from Madrid GLASGOW GATHERING: Anti-fascist campaigners from Hope not Hate held a commemoration for the International 9-10 Secretarial notes Brigades on 19 September at the Pasionaria memorial overlooking the Clyde in Glasgow.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalan Artist Pierre Daura As Exile, Refugee, Naturalized American Citizen
    University of Lynchburg Digital Showcase @ University of Lynchburg Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects Spring 5-2020 Catalan Artist Pierre Daura as Exile, Refugee, Naturalized American Citizen Teresa Gunter Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalshowcase.lynchburg.edu/utcp Part of the Contemporary Art Commons, History Commons, and the Immigration Law Commons Catalan Artist Pierre Daura as Exile, Refugee, Naturalized American Citizen Teresa Gunter Senior Honors Project Submitted in partial fulfillment of the graduation requirements of the Westover Honors Program Westover Honors Program May 2020 ______________________________________________ Mike Santos, PhD ______________________________________________ Adam W. Dean, PhD ______________________________________________ Barbara Rothermel, PhD ______________________________________________ Edward DeClair, PhD Saint Cirq-la-popie, France January 31, 1937 Dearest Family, Changing from a pleasant to an unpleasant subject, we were outraged when we read the newspaper two days ago of a proposed law, which the French High Commandment of War is trying to pass. All foreigners living in France, within forty eight hours after war is declared, will be deported or put into concentration camps on islands off the coast of France. Only men or women over fifty will be exempt from this law, which does not apply to allies, but does apply to neutral countries. So in case of war, which the French believe more and more imminent, we will be deported, unceremoniously. Even in case Pierre were over fifty, Martha and I would have to leave the country at once. Our love to you all, Louise 1 Introduction The letters of American-born artist Louise Blair Daura to her family in Virginia reveal the complicated predicament that she and her small family in France were facing during and after the Spanish Civil War.
    [Show full text]
  • Ray O' Light Newsletter
    RAY O’ LIGHT NEWSLETTER July-August 2016 Number 97 Publication of the Revolutionary Organization of Labor, USA The Sanders Campaign Exposes WALL STREET HAS RIGGED THE SYSTEM! Dear Friends, 2. Our Wall There is only one best place for U.S. social justice Street rulers activists to be protesting in July 2016 — will not allow the U.S. citizens in Philadelphia at the Democratic National Convention. to vote them Here’s why. out of power and wipe out 1. The outstanding feature of the 2016 Presidential their obscene Primary has been the voters’ angry rejection of Wall and criminal Street’s Republican and Democratic candidates, “the private profit Republicrats.” Remember the odds-on favorites at through the the beginning? Jeb Bush amassed a fortune in early ballot box! big money yet was swatted away by the wrath of the Indeed, as Republican voters. Hillary Clinton, too, would have unrest and been dispatched by the Bernie Sanders Campaign, dissatisfaction increases among the U.S. population, with its outstanding domestic program addressing the the line between the military and the police has needs of the 99 percent of us. But, of the two wings become increasingly blurred. Wall Street controls the of the Republicrats who rule politically on behalf of increasingly militarized domestic police apparatus as Wall Street, it is the Democratic Party that is the main well as the U.S. military itself, armed with the most brake on social justice movements fighting against Wall powerful weapons of mass destruction in world history Street, against monopoly capitalism and imperialism. and produced by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Amerykanie W Wojnie Domowej W Hiszpanii (1936–1938)
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS LODZIENSIS FOLIA HISTORICA 97, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6050.97.05 Hanna Marczewska-Zagdańska (Instytut Historii PAN Warszawa)* Amerykanie w wojnie domowej w Hiszpanii (1936–1938) Streszczenie. W artykule na podstawie jednostkowych przykładów zostały przedstawione losy Amerykanów biorących udział w wojnie domowej w Hiszpanii (2800 żołnierzy) po stronie republikanów. Wbrew amerykańskiej ustawie o neutralności i oficjalnym zakazom amerykańscy ochotnicy nielegalnie, różnymi kanałami przerzutowymi, przedostawali się, by zasilić szeregi Batalionu „Abraham Lincoln” i Batalionu „George Washington”, wchodzących w skład XV Brygady Międzynarodowej, zwanej potocznie Brygadą Abrahama Lincolna. Grupa ochotników amerykańskich była zróżnicowana zarówno pod względem statusu społecznego, wykształcenia, jak i pochodzenia narodowego, tzn. korzeni narodowych. Wśród nich byli zarówno zaangażowani, ideowo wyszkoleni w Moskwie dowódcy (R.H. Merriman) czy komunistyczni instruktorzy (S. Nelson), jak i młodzi ludzie, żądni przygód, podatni na propagandę. Byli nauczyciele, artyści, dziennikarze (J.Ph. Lardner), pisarze (Ph.L. Detro), aktorzy (A. Bessie), a także farmerzy, robotnicy (D.M. Reiss) i bezrobotni. Byli biali i Afroamerykanie (O. Law), mężczyźni i kobiety, Słowianie w pierwszym pokoleniu (M. Markovics) i obywatele USA pochodzenia żydowskiego (M. Wolff). Odrębną, specyficzną grupę stanowili piloci (A. Baumler, F. Tinker, J. Allison) oraz lekarze i pielęgniarki. W Hiszpanii, po krótkim, zupełnie niewystarczającym treningu, otrzymywali rozkaz do wyjścia na front, gdzie ginęli (800 zabitych), odnosili rany, dostawali się do niewoli, a nawet dezerterowali (Ph. Crane, B. Abramofsky). Ci, którym udało się przeżyć, w chwili zakończenia działań wojennych powracali do USA z minimalną pomocą administracji F.D. Roosevelta. Ich dalsze losy były nie mniej złożone i dramatyczne, uwarunkowane politycznie (okres maccartyzmu).
    [Show full text]
  • Three Paths to Religious Integration in Ernest Hemingway's
    THREE PATHS TO RELIGIOUS INTEGRATION IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S WAR FICTION A DISSERTATION IN English and Humanities Consortium Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by TIMOTHY JAMES PINGELTON B.A., University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1994 M.F.A., San Diego State University, 1997 Kansas City, Missouri 2018 © 2018 TIMOTHY JAMES PINGELTON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THREE PATHS TO RELIGIOUS INTEGRATION IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S WAR FICTION Timothy James Pingelton, Doctor of Philosophy Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2018 ABSTRACT My dissertation studies religiosity in Ernest Hemingway’s war fiction in terms of how his soldier characters connect to the divine. The means to understanding this connection is in refining how the characters express the utility of this connection and how these features fit into larger structural ideals. I argue that the wartime characters integrate with the divine through various methods: by contact with nature, by enacting a ritual, or by embodying Christian manliness. I base my dissertation on relevant phenomenological theories but also considers broader structural-functional theories, and I form the approach on structuralism in that I look at both single works and at the war fiction as a whole as well as looking for connections between literature and culture. Furthermore, I look to the theories of Northrop Frye in analyzing this literature because Frye’s structuralism allows for genre-bending oeuvres such as Hemingway’s. I argue that, contrary to much literary criticism, the Hemingway wartime protagonists are theists who seek the divine in times ii of conflict, but, unlike the notion of “no atheists in the foxholes,” these characters harbor their religiosity not situationally but throughout their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Volunteer the Volunteer
    “...and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” ABRAHAM LINCOLN TheThe VVolunteerolunteer JOURNAL OF THE VETERANS OF THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE Vol. XXI, No. 3 Summer 1999 From War Hero to Blacklist THE LONELY ODYSSEY OF A LINCOLN VET By Peter Carroll ver since Bill Clinton awarded posthumous ECongressional Medals of Honor to seven African American heroes of World War II, including Staff Sergeant Edward Carter, Jr., the administration could take credit for correcting the racial injustice that had deprived black sol- diers of equal treatment in the war against fascism. But what the public—and the president—did not know was that the celebrated Sgt. Carter had been twice victimized: Once because of racial discrimination in the Army and a second time because of the color of his politics. Carter had dared to fight in the Spanish Civil War. Last year, Carter’s family allowed me to examine a suitcase full of documents that tell the story of his long, lonely, and ultimately futile effort to overcome the stigma of having served in Spain. Then, this past Memorial Day, the release of Carter’s FBI and military intelligence files prompted U.S. News and World Report to put Carter’s pic- ture on the cover with the caption: “Sgt. Eddie Carter was a hero. But when he came home, the Army accused him of treachery. It was a lie—one that took 50 years to expose.” Carter’s problems began in September 1949, when he learned that that the Army had rejected his application for reenlistment.
    [Show full text]