Mediterranean Marine Science

Vol. 6, 2005

Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species

ZENETOS A. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Agios Kosmas, P.C. 16610, Elliniko, Athens CINAR M.E. Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Hydrobiology, 35100 Bornova, Izmir PANCUCCI- Hellenic Centre for Marine PAPADOPOULOU M.A. Research, Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 712, P.C. 19013, Anavyssos, Attiki HARMELIN J.G. Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, UMR 6540 DIMAR, Station Marine d’Endoume, 13007 Marseille FURNARI G. Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Botanica, Via A. Longo 19, 95125 Catania ANDALORO F. Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata al Mare (ICRAM), Via E. Amari 124, 90139 Palermo BELLOU N. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 712, P.C. 19013, Anavyssos, Attiki STREFTARIS N. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 712, P.C. 19013, Anavyssos, Attiki ZIBROWIUS H. Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, UMR 6540 DIMAR, Station Marine d’Endoume, 13007 Marseille http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.186

To cite this article:

ZENETOS, A., CINAR, M., PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, M., HARMELIN, J., FURNARI, G., ANDALORO, F., BELLOU, N., STREFTARIS, N., & ZIBROWIUS, H. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. Mediterranean Marine Science, 6(2), 63-118. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.186

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Mediterranean Marine Science Volume 6/2, 2005, 63-118

Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species

A. ZENETOS1, M.E. ÇINAR2, M.A. PANCUCCI - PAPADOPOULOU1, J.G. HARMELIN3, G. FURNARI4, F. ANDALORO5, N. BELLOU1, N. STREFTARIS1 and H. ZIBROWIUS3

1 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, Anavissos 19013, Attica, Greece

2 Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Hydrobiology, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

3 Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, UMR 6540 DIMAR, Station Marine d’Endoume, 13007 Marseille, France

4 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Botanica, Via A. Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy

5 Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata al Mare (ICRAM), Via E. Amari 124 90139 Palermo, Italy e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This collaborative effort by many specialists across the Mediterranean presents an updated annotated list of alien marine species in the Mediterranean Sea. Alien species have been grouped into six broad categories namely established, casual, questionable, cryptogenic, excluded and invasive, and presented in lists of major ecofunctional/taxonomic groups. The establishment success within each group is provided while the questionable and excluded records are commented in brief. A total of 963 alien species have been reported from the Mediterranean until December 2005, 218 of which have been classified as excluded (23%) leaving 745 of the recorded species as valid aliens. Of these 385 (52%) are already well established, 262 (35%) are casual records, while 98 species (13%) remain “questionable” records. The species cited in this work belong mostly to zoobenthos and in particular to Mollusca and Crustacea, while Fish and Phytobenthos are the next two groups which prevail among alien biota in the Mediterranean. The available information depends greatly on the taxonomic group examined. Thus, besides the three groups explicitly addressed in the CIESM atlas series (Fish, Decapoda/Crustacea and Mollusca), which are however updated in the present work, Polychaeta, Phytobenthos, Phytoplankton and Zoo- plankton are also addressed in this study. Among other zoobenthic taxa sufficiently covered in this study are Echinodermata, Sipuncula, Bryozoa and Ascidiacea. On the contrary, taxa such as Foraminifera, Amphipoda and Isopoda, that are not well studied in the Mediterranean, are insufficiently covered. A

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | gap of knowledge is also noticed in Parasites, which, although ubiquitous and pervasive in marine systems, have been relatively unexplored as to their role in marine invasions. Conclusively the lack of funding purely systematic studies in the region has led to underestimation of the number of aliens in the Mediterranean. Emphasis is put on those species that are current or potential threats to the marine ecosystems, namely the Worst Invasive Alien Species providing their record across major groups.

Keywords: Alien taxa; Establishment success; Worst IAS; Mediterranean.

Introduction The chaos in nomenclature and fragmentary and sporadic information, based widely The significance of alien species in ma- on selective scientific interest, prompted rine ecosystems worldwide has been high- CIESM to issue a series of atlases (GOLANI lighted in recent years. International or- et al., 2002; GALIL et al., 2002; ZENETOS ganisations (UNEP/MAP/RAC/SPA, FAO/ et al., 2004). The list of STREFTARIS et al. DIAS, IUCN, ICES, IMO, CIESM) and the (2005) intended to include as many seem- scientific community have addressed the is- ingly valid records as possible and compared sue through articles, review papers, databas- trends between the various European Seas. es and directories. The most representative However, even in this work the effort has and recent work regarding the distribution, been focused on certain taxonomic groups, impact and management of invasive aquatic mainly fish and benthos (major “popular” species in Europe can be found in a series of groups treated extensively in the recent papers compiled in one edition by LEPPA- CIESM atlas series) while many pelagic KOSKI et al. (2002). groups have not even been mentioned. Other STREFTARIS et al. (2005) have summa- recent efforts to compile updating lists in rised and compiled a list of alien species in Eu- marine algae, phytoplankton and zooplank- ropean Seas including 615 species in the Medi- ton are those by ATHANASIADIS (2002); terranean up to the end of 2003 plus 23 addi- CORMACI et al. (2004) ; VERLAQUE et tional species from litterature accessible within al. (2005); GÓMEZ, 2005; UYSAL et al., 2004. This led them to consider the Mediterra- (2002); BOUILLON et al. (2004). However, nean as a major recipient of alien species. in spite of these efforts, one should remain Following POR (1978) who focused on aware, that as stated by STREFTARIS et al. introductions via the Suez Canal, the so- (2005), there are arguments against the ac- called Lessepsian migrators, ZIBROWIUS curacy and validity of registration of various (1992) attempted a compilation of data on groups (these authors specially mentioned alien species in the Mediterranean. He point- bryozoans, entoprocts, hydroids, sponges, ed out that while taxa with well-known tax- polychaetes, oligochaetes, amphipods, flat- onomy and established historical distribution worms, nematodes, nemerteans). records (e.g. benthic organisms, fish) have As an important step in the ongoing re- received more attention than other groups, view of implementation of the European many of the small, less-conspicuous, less- Community Biodiversity Policy, a broad con- studied species are necessarily overlooked, sultative process culminating in a conference leading to an underestimation of the extent in Malahide, Ireland (25-27 May, 2004), re- of aliens’ presence. confirmed Invasive Alien Species (IAS) as

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | a priority issue. The Environment Council, occurring outside their historically known on 28 June, 2004 asked the Commission to range (occupied naturally) and beyond their come forward with a communication taking natural dispersal potential (minor climate the “Message from Malahide” into account. ocscillations) as a result of direct or indirect Under the Sixth Framework Programme, introduction or care by humans. Synonyms there are currently ongoing Community- are non-native, non-indigenous, foreign, and funded research projects and collaborative exotic. partnerships which address marine IAS is- Established: Introduced or feral population sues, ALARM (Assessing Large-scale envi- of species established in the wild with free- ronmental Risks for biodiversity with tested living, self-maintaining and self-perpetuating Methods) and DAISIE (Delivering Alien populations unsupported by and independent Invasive Species Inventories for Europe) be- of humans (EUROPEAN COMMISSION, ing two of those. The latter aims to create 2004). As established here are also classified an inventory of IAS that threaten European species with at least two records spread over environments structured in such a way as to time and space in the sense of CIESM atlas provide the basis for prevention and control series. Synonym: Naturalized. of biological invasions. In January 2005, the European Envi- Casual: Casual species are identified those ronment Agency commenced a project on having been recorded only once (no more “Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity than twice for fishes) in the scientific litera- Indicators” (SEBI2010). One of the expert ture: they are presumed to be non-established groups (Group 5) in this project is addressing in the basin. In this paper casual is used in the indicator on “number and cost of IAS”. the same sense as alien in the CIESM atlas The cumulative increase in the number of al- series. ien species in Europe over time, with 1900 as Questionable: Species with insufficient a baseline, is one of the first indicators to be information - ‘suspects’. Also native/ new demonstrated at European level (http://biodi- entries not verified by experts. Species with versity-chm.eea.eu.int/information/indicator). taxonomic status unresolved. The aim of the current work (a collaborative effort by many specialists across the Cryptogenic: Species with no definite evi- Mediterranean) is to present an updated an- dence of their native or introduced status notated list of alien marine species in the according to CARLTON (1996) and species Mediterranean Sea including information on whose probable introduction has occurred excluded species. Emphasis is put on those “in early times” and not been witnessed e.g., species that are current or potential threats prior to 1800. Often these species are exclud- to the marine ecosystems, namely the Worst ed from lists of aliens or included among the Invasive Alien Species. established ones. In this review we considered it best to separate them. Methodology Excluded: We have tabulated those species The list is updated based on species fulfilling some of CIESM’s criteria -for ex records up to December 2005. Alien species clusion such as: have been grouped into six broad categories o Misidentification namely established, casual, questionable, o Native species, falsely identified as alien cryptogenic, excluded and invasive. or exotic: species formerly considered ex- Alien: Species, subspecies or lower taxa otic and later revealed to be indigenous. o Spurius records. This category reflects a Medit. Mar. Sci, 6/2, 2005, 63-118 65

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | problem which is specific to molluscs. The species lists are presented in 9 units The shells of molluscs are liable to be which are ecofunctional/taxonomic groups. transported by man for food or ornament These are: 1: Fish, 2: Zoobenthos/Mollusca, and left in places where they do not live. 3: Zoobenthos/Polychaeta, 4: Zoobenthos/ Crustacea, 5: Zoobenthos /Miscellanea, 6: Invasive: Introduced species that have over- Parasites, 7: Phytoplankton, 8: Zooplankton come biotic and abiotic barriers, and are able and 9: Phytobenthos. The reasoning for ques- to disseminate away from their area of initial tioning or excluding some species per group introduction through the production of fertile is presented in detail only for the Bryozoa. offspring with noticeable impact. An earlier A full list of the experts who contributed in presentation by RICHARDSON et al. (2000) various ways is provided in the ackowledge- did not refer to impact. In many definitions ments. the term invasive is also associated with established species which are agents of change Results and threaten native biological diversity (IUCN, 2002) or species that threaten the di- A total of 963 species have been reported as versity or abundance of native species, the aliens from the Mediterranean until Decem- ecological stability of infested ecosystems, ber 2005, 218 of which are classified as ex- economic activities dependent on these eco- cluded and 745 as valid species among which systems and/or human health (EPA, 2001). In 98 as questionable (Fig. 1). The species re- this paper we are adapting the definition that tained as aliens in this study belong mostly encompasses impacts as an essential dimen- to zoobenthos and in particular to Mollusca, sion for the categorisation of an alien species while Fish and Phytobenthos are the next two as invasive. groups rich in species. In the lists that follow, the establishment success within each Commented synonyms. In compiling the list, group is provided with no further comments for taxonomic groups other than those treat- for the species established and those with ed by CIESM atlas series, we came across casual records. In contrast, the questionable various records which needed further inves- and excluded records are commented in brief tigation. Thus we addressed experts in the (citation of source and reason for exclusion, fields of phytoplankton, zooplankton, phy- questioning the validity). No details are pro- tobenthos, various invertebrate groups such vided for the excluded species of Mollusca, as amphipods, polychaetes etc. In addition, Fish and Decapoda treated extensively in the the ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information CIESM atlas series and the reader is referred System), and the ALGAEBASE (Informa- for further details on those to (GOLANI et tion on the algae of the world, including ter- al., 2002; GALIL et al., 2002; ZENETOS et restrial, marine, and freshwater forms) web- al., 2004). It should be pointed out that many sites were visited. The species removed from of the questionable records are expected to the list as synonyms are presented in the list be clarified in the near future and most prob- of excluded. ably moved to the casual records.

66 Medit. Mar. Sci, 6/2, 2005, 63-118

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Fig. 1: Establishment success of recorded alien species including non-valid records.

Species lists per group 1. Fish

Fish established Note: * denotes species reported as casual in CIESM 2005 on line

*Acanthurus monroviae *Lagocephalus sceleratus Scomberomorus commerson Alepes djedaba Lagocephalus spadiceus Seriola carpenteri Apogon pharaonis Lagocephalus suezensis Seriola fasciata Atherinomorus lacunosus Leiognathus klunzingeri Siganus luridus Callionymus filamentosus Liza haematocheila Siganus rivulatus Carcharhinus altimus Microchirus hexophthalmus Silhouetta aegyptia Carcharhinus falciformis Oxyurichthys petersi Sillago sihama Chelon carinata Pagellus bellottii Solea senegalensis Crenidens crenidens Parexocoetus mento *Spratelloides delicatulus Cynoglossus sinusarabici Pelates quadrilineatus Sphoeroides pachygaster Diplodus bellottii Pempheris vanicolensis Sphyraena chrysotaenia Dussumieria elopsoides *Petroscirtes ancylodon *Sphyraena flavicauda *Enchelycore anatina Pisodonophis semicinctus Stephanolepis diaspros Epinephelus coioides Platycephalus indicus Synaptura lusitanica Epinephelus malabaricus Plotosus lineatus Syngnathus rostellatus Etrumeus teres Pomadasys stridens Terapon puta Fistularia commersonii Psenes pellucidus Tetrosomus gibbosus Gymnammodytes Pteragogus pelycus Trachyscorpia cristulata semisquamatus Rhabdosargus haffara echinata Hemiramphus far Sargocentron rubrum Upeneus moluccensis Herklotsichthys punctatus Saurida undosquamis Upeneus pori Himantura uarnak Scarus ghobban

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Fish casual Note: underlined species are new species post CIESM 2005 on line

Abudefduf vaigiensis Hippocampus fuscus Rhizoprionodon acutus Anarhichas lupus Hyporhamphus affinis Rhynchoconger trewavasae Arius parkii Iniistius pavo Scorpaena stephanica Beryx splendens Lutjanus argentimaculatus Seriola rivoliana Centrolabrus exoletus Makaira indica Sorsogona prionota Chaunax suttkusi Microchirus boscanion Sphoeroides marmoratus Cheilopogon furcatus Muraenesox cinereus Sphyrna mokarran Chilomycterus spilostylus Omobranchus punctatus Synagrops japonicus Coryogalops ochetica Papilloculiceps longiceps Torquigener flavimaculosus Diodon hystrix Pinguipes brasilianus Tylerius spinosissimus Fistularia petimba Priacanthus hamrur Tylosurus choram Galeocerdo cuvier Pseudupeneus prayensis Tylosurus crocodilus Gephyroberyx darwini Pterois miles Halosaurus ovenii Rachycentron canadum Heniochus intermedius Rastrelliger kanagurta

Fish Questionable

Species Cited by Reasoning Alopias superciliosus SAAD et al., 2005 Insufficient data, origin uncertain Torpedo SAAD et al., 2004 Insufficient data sinuspersici Dasyatis sp. cf. SAAD et al., 2005 Complex taxonomy tortonesei ZACHARIOU- Gaidropsarus granti MAMALINGA, Insuffcient data, origin uncertain 1999 Pampus argenteus ŠOLJAN, 1975 See details

Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788). A specimen of silver pomfret captured in Rijeka (northern Adriatic) in 1896, was initially identified as Stromateus fiatola. The specimen, which is preserved in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Zagreb, was tentatively identified as Pampus argenteus by ŠOLJAN (1975), but he doubted its identification. The validity of the record was re-examined by DULČIĆ et al. (2004) who claim that the record of 1896 represents the first lessepsian migrant in the Mediterranean.

Fish excluded: for reasoning see GOLANI et al. (2002) Ammodytes tobianus Bothus pantherinus Cataetyx laticeps Aphanius dispar Caranx gallus Clupea kowal Apogon taeniatus Caranx kiliche Coryphaenoides guentheri Arius thalassinus Carcharhinus brevipinna Demichthys unicolor Borostomia antarcticus Carcharhinus melanopterus Dussumieria acuta

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Epinephelus Lipophrys pholis Sebastapistes nuchalis coromandelicus Melanostigma atlanticum Serranus melanurus Epinephelus morrhua Oxyurichthys papuensis Serranus morrhua Epinephelus tauvina Parablennius pilicornis Sphoeroides spengleri Gobius couchi Parexocoetus brachypterus Sphyraena viridensis Gobius roulei Pempheris molucca Squalus megalops Hemiramphus gamberur Pempheris oualensis Therapon jarbua Hemiramphus marginatus Pristis pectinata Trichiurus haumela Hemiramphus unifasciatus Remora australis Upeneus asymmetricus Hyporhamphus dussumieri Rhinobatos halavi Upeneus barberinus Hyporhamphus Sardinella sirm Upeneus tragula xanthopterus Sargus noct Upeneus vittatus Istiophorus gladius Scarichthys Laemonema latifrons coerulopunctatus Lepidion guentheri Sphoeroides spengleri, originally reported by Reina-HervÁs et al. (2004), has been added to the excluded list since it is regarded a misclassification of Sphoeroides marmoratus (M. Vacchi pers. commun.)

2. Zoobenthos/Mollusca

Mollusca established Notes: underlined are new species post CIESM 2005 on line Bold indicates cryptogenic species Acteocina mucronata Cingulina isseli Fulvia fragilis Adelactaeon amoenus Clathrofenella ferruginea Fusinus verrucosus Adelactaeon fulvus Clementia papyracea Gafrarium pectinatum Afrocardium richardi Crassostrea gigas Gastrochaena cymbium Alvania dorbignyi Crepidula aculeata Gibborissoa virgata Amathina tricarinata Crepidula fornicata Haminoea callidegenita Anadara demiri Cycloscala hyalina Haminoea cyanomarginata Anadara inaequivalvis Cylichnina girardi Hiatula ruppelliana Anadara natalensis Dendrostrea frons Hypselodoris infucata Aplysia dactylomela Diala varνa Laternula anatina Brachidontes pharaonis Diodora funiculata Littorina saxatilis Bulla ampulla Diodora ruppellii Mactra lilacea Bursatella leachi Discodoris lilacina Mactra olorina Cellana rota Divalinga arabica Malvufundus regulus Cerithiopsis pulvis Elysia grandifolia Melibe fimbriata Cerithiopsis tenthrenois Ergalatax contracta Mercenaria mercenaria Cerithium scabridum Ergalatax obscura Metaxia bacillum Chama pacifica Erosaria turdus Murex forskoehlii Chelidonura fulvipunctata Favorinus ghanensis Musculista perfragilis Chrysallida fischeri Finella pupoides Musculista senhousia Chrysallida maiae Flabellina rubrolineata Mya arenaria Chrysallida pirintella Fulvia australis Natica gualteriana

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Octopus aegina Rhinoclavis kochi Syrnola fasciata Paphia textile Rissoina bertholleti Tellina valtonis Perna picta Ruditapes philippinarum Teredo navalis Pinctada margaritifera Saccostrea commercialis Thais lacera Pinctada radiata Saccostrea cucullata Thais sacellum Plocamopherus ocellatus Sepia pharaonis Theora lubrica Polycerella emertoni Sepioeuthis lessoniana Timoclea maurica Pseudochama corbieri Siphonaria crenata Trochus erythraeus Pseudominolia nedyma Smaragdia souverbiana Turbonilla edgarii Purpuradusta gracilis Spondylus spinosus Xenostrobus securis notata Strombus persicus Zafra savignyi Pyrunculus fourierii Styloptygma beatrix Zafra selasphora Rapana venosa Syphonota geographica

Mollusca casual Note: underlined species are new species post CIESM 2005 on line

Acar plicata Dosinia erythraea Petricola hemprichi Aeolidiella indica Electroma vexillum Petricola pholadiformis Anadara inflata Elysia tomentosa Planaxis griseus Angiola punctostriata Engina mendicaria Pleurobranchus forskalii Antigona lamellaris Glycymeris arabicus Polycera hedgpethi Atactodea glabrata Haliotis pustulata cruenta Psammotreta praerupta Caloria indica Hinemoa cylindrica Retusa desgenettii Cantharus tranquebaricus Iolaea neofelixoides Rissoina spirata Cardites akabana Leucotina cfr. eva Semipallium coruscans Cerithium egenum Lienardia mighelsi coruscans Cerithium nesioticum Limopsis multistriata Septifer forskali Chama aspera Modiolus auriculatus Siphonaria belcheri Chiton hululensis Murchisonella columna Sphenia rueppelli Chlamys lischkei Nassarius arcularius Spondylus nicobarius Chromodoris annulata plicatus=N. obvelatus? Sticteulima cf. lentiginosa Chromodoris quadricolor Nerita sanguinolenta Stomatella impertusa Circenita callipyga Octopus cyanea Syrnola cinctella Clypeomorus bifasciatus Odostomia lorioli Trapezium oblongum Conus fumigatus Oscilla jocosa Tremoctopus gracilis Cuthona perca Oxynoe viridis Vexillum depexum Dendrodoris fumata Palmadusta lentiginosa Voorwindia tiberiana Diplodonta cf. subrotunda lentiginosa

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Mollusca questionable Note: * denotes species collected alive from biofouling on the pillars of a gas platform, which had been towed from Australia to its current position off the coast of Ashqelon (Israel) (MI- ENIS, 2004).

Species Cited by Reasoning Acteocina crithodes MIENIS, 2004 Insufficient data SHARON et al., One specimen epibiont on a spiny Alectryonella crenulifera 2005 oyster Angulus flacca MIENIS, 2004 Insufficient data TERLIZZI et al., Identification uncertain Aplysia parvula 2003 See remark under table Atys cylindricus MIENIS, 2004 Insufficient data *Barbatia trapezina MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 Old record (1927-32), shells in Callista florida MIENIS, 2005 museum collection Insufficient data Cerithium columna MIENIS, 2003a 1 single shell from Caesarea 1966 Cerithium erythraeoense Its record merits further investigation HAAS, 1937 /Cerithium nodulosum (MIENIS, 2001b) *Chama asperella MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 *Chama brassica MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 elatensis Ethminolia hemprichi MIENIS, 2004 Insufficient data *Hyotissa hyotis MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 *Isognomon ephippium MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 *Leiosolenus hanleyanus MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 *Malvufundus decurtatus MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 LUBINEVSKY & Nanostrea exigua Record based on one specimen only MIENIS, 2005 *Parahyotissa imbricata MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 Patelloida saccharina MIENIS, 2004 Insufficient data Pedicirce sulcata MIENIS, 2004 Insufficient data *Planostrea pestigris MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 *Plicatula chinensis MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 BEN-ELIAHU & Pteria occa Insufficient data HOVE TEN, 1992 BARASH & Rapana rapiformis Insufficient data DANIN, 1977 Rhinoclavis sinensis MIENIS, 2004 Insufficient data Rissoina ambigua MIENIS, 2004 Insufficient data. Turkey

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | BARASH & Sabia conica Insufficient data (MIENIS, 2004) DANIN, 1986 *Septifer bilocularis MIENIS, 2004 Offshore gas platform March 2003 Spondylus groschi LAMPRELL, 1998 Complex taxonomy Spondylus cf. ÇEVIKER, 2001 Complex taxonomy multisetosus Strombus mutabilis MIENIS, 2001a Common species in souvenir trade

Aplysia parvula Guilding in Mörch, 1863 was originally described from St. Thomas, Lesser Antilles, in the Caribbean. It has been recorded worldwide between about 40° N and 40° S. The species recorded as Aplysia parvula in the Indo-Pacific area is clearly different from the Mediterranean specimens attributed to this species. So, two or more species may be involved worldwide under this name. The Mediterranean specimens may be young specimens of Ap- lysia punctata (J. Templado, pers. commun.)

Mollusca excluded (including very old records): For reasoning see ZENETOS et al. (2004) Aglaja taila Dolabrifera holboelli Parvicardium hauniense Anadara notabilis Erronea caurica Penicillus vaginiferus Aplysia juliana Galeomma polita Petalifera gravieri Arctinula groenlandica Gibbula cineraria Placopecten magellanicus Aspella anceps Hippopus hippopus Polynices lacteus Atys blainvilliana Hochstetteria munieri Potamides conicus Berthellina citrina Laevicardiumm flavum Pusionella nifat Bittium proteum Latirus polygonus Rissoina chesneli Bursa marginata Linga aurantia Rissoina decussata Callostracum gracile Littorina abtusata Saxidomus purpuratus Cerithium caeruleum Littorina littorea Scaliola elata Cerithium echinatum Lophiotoma indica Sclerodoris cf. tuberculata Chromodoris clenchi Mactrinula tryphera Spondylus limbatus Clelandella infucata Mazatlantica cosentini Spondylus spectrum Conus arenatus Melanochlamys seurati Staphylaea nucleus Coralliobia madreporarum Mesalia opalina Strigatella virgata Crassostrea virginica Monetaria annulus Strombus lentiginosus Cybium rubiginosum Monetaria moneta Umbonium vestiarium Cylichna cf. mongii Natica marochiensis Vasum turbinellus Cyprea pantherina Notarchus indicus

Additional excluded mollusca post ZENETOS et al. (2004)

Species Cited by Reasoning Octopus macropus BELLO et al., 2004 Known in the Mediterranean Lefkaditou, pers. commun. Trochus niloticus MIENIS, 2003b Only shells, old records Tricornis tricornis MIENIS, 2004 Fragment of a shell only Vexillum cadaverosum MIENIS, 2004 Incorrect locality data

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | 3. Zoobenthos/Polychaeta

Polychaeta established Note: bold indicates cryptogenic species

Branchiomma boholense Hydroides elegans Notomastus mossambicus Branchiomma luctuosum Hydroides heterocerus Pileolaria berkeleyana Ceratonereis mirabilis Hydroides homoceros Pista unibranchia Desdemona ornata Hydroides minax Polydora cornuta Eunice tubifex Hydroides operculatus Pomatoleios kraussii Eusyllis kupfferi Leonnates decipiens Prionospio saccifera Ficopomatus enigmaticus Leonnates indicus Pseudonereis anomala Glycinde bonhourei Leonnates persicus Spirobranchus tetraceros Hydroides cf. Linopherus acarunculata Spirorbis marioni branchyacanthus Metasychis gotoi Streblospio gynobranchiata Hydroides dianthus Nereis zonata persica Hydroides diramphus Notomastus aberans

Polychaeta casual Amphicorina pectinata Longibranchium atlanticum Paradyte cf. crinoidicola Fabriciola ghardaqa Lumbrinereis neogesae Perinereis nuntia Hydroides albiceps Lumbrineris inflata Prionospio pulchra Hydroides steinitzi Neanthes willeyi Prionospio pygmaea Laonome elegans Nereis gilchristi Sphaerosyllis longipapillata Leiochrides australis Oenone cf. fulgida Streblosoma hesslei Lepidonotus tenuisetosus Ophyotrocha japonica

Polychaeata questionable

Species Cited by Reasoning LAUBIER, 1966; BITAR Insufficient data, identification is Cirriformia semicincta & KOULI-BITAR, 2001 not certain BOGDANOS & FREDJ, Insufficient data, identification is Cossura coasta 1983 not certain CANTONE & FASSARI, Insufficient data, identification is Epidiopatra hupferiana 1982 not certain Insufficient data, identification is Eunice indica BEN-ELIAHU, 1976 not certain FAUVEL 1937; ERGEN Insufficient data, identification is Eurythoe complanata & ÇINAR, 1997 not certain Insufficient data, identification is Isolda pulchella CANTONE, 2001 not certain Probably confused with the Lysidice collaris BEN ELIAHU, 1972a native species L. margaritacea

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | BITAR & KOULI-BITAR, Insufficient data, identification is Lysidice natalensis 2001 not certain Naineris quadraticeps HARMELIN, 1969a Identification is not certain A. Castelli, pers. commun. Insufficient data, identification is Notopygos crinita OCCHIPINTI AMBROGI, not certain 2004 GRAVINA & SOMASCHINI, 1990; Insufficient data, identification is Mediomastus capensis OCCHIPINTI AMBROGI, not certain 2002a A. Castelli, pers. commun. Insufficient data, identification is Platynereis cf. australis OCCHIPINTI AMBROGI, not certain 2004 A. Castelli, pers. commun. Insufficient data, identification is Protodorvillea egena OCCHIPINTI AMBROGI, not certain 2004 CASTELLI & Streptosyllis arenae Identification is not certain LARDICCI, 1986 BEN ELIAHU 1972b; Insufficient data, identification is Terebella ehrenbergi ÇINAR, 2005 not certain LAUBIER, 1966; BITAR Insufficient data, identification is Timarete anchylochaeta & KOULI-BITAR, 2001 not certain

Polychaeata excluded

Species Cited by Reasoning Amphicorina eimeri GAMBI et al., 1983 Atlanto-Mediterranean Bhawania goodei BITAR & KOULI- Circumtropical BITAR, 2001 Branchiosyllis exilis MONRO, 1937; Widespread even in the eastern BEN ELIAHU 1972b Atlantic Chrysopetalum debile LAUBIER, 1966 Native: type locality Villefranche

Dispio uncinata ICES, 2001 widespread in the Atlantic Fabricia filamentosa GIANGRANDE & Misidentification of Pseudofabriciola CASTELLI, 1986; analis and P. longipyga SIMBOURA, 1990 Hydroides ZIBROWIUS & Undeterminable juvenile (HOVE TEN novaepommeraniae BITAR, 1981 as H. & BEN ELIAHU, 2005) grubei

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Monticellina HARMELIN, 1969a; Type locality Atlantic, widespread in dorsobranchialis BEN ELIAHU 1972b the Mediterranean and Atlantic Neopseudocapitella GRAVINA & A circumtropical species brasiliensis SOMASCHINI, 1990 Opisthosyllis brunnea MONRO, 1937 Widespread even in the eastern Atlantic Paleonotus chrysolepis BITAR & KOULI- Cosmopolitan BITAR, 2001 Prionospio salzi LAUBIER, 1970 Endemic in the Mediterranean Questa caudicirra SOMASCHINI & Questa mediterranea sp. n. GRAVINA 1993 GIERE & ERSEUS, 1998 Rhodine loveni FAUVEL, 1957; Type locality north Atlantic, BEN ELIAHU 1972a widespread in Mediterranean and Atlantic Scoloplos (Leodomas) HARMELIN, 1969a Type locality Crete, endemic species chevalieri candiensis for the eastern Mediterranean Spirobranchus LAUBIER, 1966 Misidentification, the reports belong to giganteus S. tetraceros

4. Zoobenthos/Crustacea Crustacea established

Decapoda+Stomatopoda

Alpheus audouini Eucrate crenata Micippa thalia Alpheus inopinatus Herbstia nitida Myra subgranulata Alpheus migrans Ixa monodi Ogyrides mjoebergi Alpheus rapacida Leptochela pugnax Palaemonella rotumana Atergatis roseus Leucosia signata Penaeus semisulcatus Calappa pelii Libinia dubia Percnon gibbesi Callinectes sapidus Marsupenaeus japonicus Pilumnopeus vauquelini Carupa tenuipes Melicertus hathor Portunus pelagicus Charybdis helleri Metapenaeopsis aegyptia Rhithropanopeus harrisii Charybdis longicollis Metapenaeopsis mogiensis Trachysalambria Dorippe quadridens consobrina palaestinensis Dyspanopeus sayi Metapenaeus monoceros Erugosquilla massavensis Metapenaeus stebbingi

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Amphipoda Caprella scaura, Elasmopus pectenicrus, Maera hamigera, Stenothoe gallensis, Cymadusa filosa Cirripedia Balanus improvisus, Balanus eburneus, Balanus reticulatus, Balanus trigonus, Elminius modestus, Megabalanus tintinnabulum Cumacea Eocuma sarsii Isopoda Paracerceis sculpta, Sphaeroma walkeri

Crustacea casual Notes: * denotes species described as established in CIESM 2005 on line underlined are new species post CIESM 2005 on line

Decapoda Actumnus globulus, Ashtoret lunaris, Calappa hepatica, Callinectes danae, Cryptosoma cristatum, Daira perlata, Dromia spinirostris, Eriocheir sinensis, Halimede tyche, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, *Heteropanope laevis, *Hyastenus hilgendorfi, Leptochela aculeocaudata, Lucifer hanseni, Macrophthalmus graeffei, Menaethius monoceros, Merhippolyte ancistrota, Notopus dorsipes, Panulirus ornatus, Periclimenes calmani, Pilumnus hirsutus, Plagusia squamosa, Processa macrodactyla, Scyllarus caparti, Scyllarus posteli, Solenocera crassicornis, Sphaerozius nitidus, Thalamita gloriensis Amphipoda Bemlos leptocheirus, Gammaropsis togoensis, Photis lamelligera Isopoda Apanthura sandalensis, Paradella dianae Tanaidacea Leptochelia dubia

Crustacea questionable Note: * denotes species described as established in CIESM 2005 on line

Species Cited by Reasoning Decapoda *Thalamita HOLTHUIS, Cosmopolitan: known from poissonii 1956 E. Atlantic as T. africana (D’ UDEKEM D’ACOZ, 1999) Cumacea Iphinoe crassipes BACESCU, Widely distributed haifae 1961a

Crustacea excluded: for reasoning see GALIL et al. (2002) Automate branchialis Peneopsis serrata Portunus sanguinolentus Chaceon maritae Persephona mediterranea Synalpheus tumidomanus Charybdis sexdentata Pethrolisthes boscii Thalamita admete Gonodactylaceaus falcatus Petrolisthes digitalis Thenus orientalis Gonodactylus chiragra Philyra globosa Uca coarctata Hymenopenaeus debilis Plagusia chabrus Panulirus regius Platymaia wyvillethomsoni

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Species Cited by Reasoning Lucifer typus HENDRICKX Atlanto-Mediterranean (Decapoda) & ESTRADA- NAVARRETE, 1994 Urocaridella YOKES & GALIL, Misidentification ofUrocaridella n. sp. antobrunii 2004 (YOKES & GALIL, in press) (Decapoda) Echinogammarus COGNETTI, 1994 Native: type locality Po estuary pungentoides (Amphipoda) Unciolella lunata BELLAN–SANTINI Native: Described from Algeria (Amphipoda) et al., 1998 Kalliapseudes BACESCU, 1961b Wide distribution: Atlantic, Indo-Pacific omercooperi (Tanaidacea) Apseudes LARWOOD, 1940 Wide distribution: Atlantic, Indo-Pacific intermedius (Tanaidacea)

5. Zoobenthos/Miscellanea

Miscellanea established

Group Species Echinodermata Asterina burtoni, Ophiactis savignyi, Ophiactis parva, Synaptula reciprocans Foraminifera Amphisorus hemprichii, Astacolus insolithus, Astacolus sublegumen, Heterostegina depressa, Planogypsina acervalis, Planogypsina squamiformis, Amphistegina lobifera Cnidaria/Actinaria Haliplanella lineata Cnidaria/Anthozoa Oculina patagonica, Acabaria erythraea Cnidaria/Hydrozoa Bugainvillia niobe, Macrorhynchia philippina, Garveia franciscana, Gonionemus vertens, Clytia hummelinckii Cnidaria/Scyphozoa Cassiopea andromeda Tunicata/Ascidiacea Herdmania momus, Botryllus schlosseri, Microcosmus squamifer, Phallusia nigra, Polyandrocarpa zorritensis, Rhodosoma turcinum, Symplegma brakenhielmi Arthropoda/Pycnogonida Ammothea hilgendorfi, Anoplodactylus digitatus, Anoplodactylus californicus

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Group Species Echinodermata Amphioplus laevis Sipuncula Apionsoma trichocephalus, Phascolosoma scolops Cnidaria/Anthozoa Diadumene cincta Cnidaria/Hydrozoa Diphasia margarita, Euphysora bigelowi Ascidiacea Ascidia cannelata, Ascidia cf. savignyi, Eusynstyela hartmeyeri, Microcosmus exasperatus, Symplegma viride

Miscellanea questionable

Group Species Cited by Reasoning Enteropneusta Saccoglossus querneyi STEUER, 1939 Old record, insufficient data Sipuncula Aspidosiphon mexicanus MURINA & Wide distribution, ZAVODNIC, Atlantic, Indian Ocean 1986 Aspidosiphon elegans WESENBERG- Wide distribution, its LUND, 1957 mode of introduction is disputed by POR, 1978 Porifera Haliclona viridis BURTON, 1936 Unverified record, J. Vacelet pers. commun. Cinachyrella BURTON, 1936 Unverified record, australiensis J. Vacelet pers. commun. Lissodendoryx schmidti TSURNAMAL, Unverified record, 1969 J. Vacelet pers. commun. Geodia micropunctata TSURNAMAL, Unverified record, 1969 J. Vacelet pers. commun. Hyrtios erecta TSURNAMAL, Unverified record, 1969 J. Vacelet pers. commun. Mycale erythraeana BURTON, 1936 Unverified record, J. Vacelet pers. commun. Reniera spinosella BURTON, 1936 Unverified record, J. Vacelet pers. commun. Arthropoda/ Pigrogromitus timsanus ARNAUD, Old record, insufficient Pycnogonida 1987 data circum-tropical and Mediterranean R. Bamber pers. commun.

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Group Species Cited by Reasoning Porifera Haliclona loosanoffi SOEST, 1976 Absent from the Mediterranean Cnidaria/ Bugainvillia GOY et al., According to BOUILLON et Hydrozoa platygaster 1988 al., 2004 all previous records from E. Mediterranean are B. niobe Cnidaria/ Pennaria disticha BILLARD, BOUILLON et al., 2004 Hydrozoa australis 1926 Ascidiacea Ecteinascidia turbinata HARANT, 1927 Old records circumtropical, A. Ramos, pers.commun. Botrylloides nigrum PÉRÈS, 1954 Old records circumtropical A. Ramos, pers.commun. Brachiopoda Frenulina TADDEI Confused origin: see sanguinolenta RUGGIERO, LOGAN et al., 2004 2000

Other Miscellanea: BRYOZOA assemblages from Mediterranean harbours and sites of oyster culture will bring evidence The following list is partial as it only in- of introduced species. Among the species re- cludes published records. A survey of bryo- corded by HASTINGS (1927) in the collec- zoans in progress from Lebanon (J.G. Harme- tion by the Cambridge Expedition in the Suez lin, in prep.) will show evidence of several Canal (1924), only those collected at Port new Lessepsian immigrants well established Said are considered here. Questionable and in the Levantine basin. Furthermore, it is most excluded records are discussed below. likely that a thorough study of the bryozoan

Species *Origin Establishment Cited by success Rhynchozoon lareyi RS, IO established ÜNSAL & D’HONDT, 1979 Scrupocellaria RS, IO established HASTINGS, 1927 jolloisii Smittina malleolus RS, IO established D’HONDT, 1988 Tricellaria inopinata IP established D’HONDT & OCCHIPINTI, 1985 Aeverrillia setigera PO, Atlantic casual HASTINGS, 1927 Celleporaria aperta circumtropical casual HASTINGS, 1927 Celleporella W Atlantic casual/ OCCHIPINTI AMBOGI & carolinensis established D’HONDT, 1996 Electra tenella W Atlantic casual ROSSO, 1994

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Hippopodina PO casual POWELL, 1969 fegeensis Reteporella RS casual D’HONDT, 1988 jermanensis Pherusella brevituba PO casual CHIMENZ GUSSO & D’HONDT, 2005 Crepidacantha circumtropical questionable OCCHIPINTI AMBROGI, poissonii 1986 Hippaliosina IP questionable POWELL, 1969 acutirostris Parasmittina RS, IP questionable HASTINGS, 1927 egyptiaca Arachnoidea protecta IP excluded CHIMENZ GUSSO et al., 1998 Thalamoporella IP excluded POWELL, 1969; gothica (Busk) BITAR & KOULI-BITAR, indica 2001 Watersipora ?? excluded D’HONDT, 1988 subtorquata

*Origin: IO=Indian Ocean, IP=Indo-Pacific, RS=Red Sea, PO=Pacific Ocean

Aeverrillia setigera (Hincks, 1887) CHIPINTI AMBROGI (1986) considering This ctenostomate bryozoan widely distrib- its occurrence in the Gulf of Suez (BALA- uted in warm waters, including Australia, VOINE, 1959), this species has also been Indonesia and Brazil, has never been noticed listed from Madeira and Canaries. The spe- again in the Mediterranean since its finding cific status of the Atlanto-Mediterranean ma- by HASTINGS (1927). terial should thus be re-examined.

Celleporaria aperta (Hincks, 1882) Hippaliosina acutirostris Canu & Bassler, This species was fouling barges in the Suez Ca- 1929 nal in 1924 (HASTINGS, 1927). It was collect- The record of this Indo-Pacific species in the ed in 1968 at Ashod Port and Acre by POWELL Levantine basin (POWELl, 1969) is ques- (1969), who previously found it in the southern tionable. Particularly diagnostic features of Red Sea (POWELL, 1967). The alleged circum- the avicularium are not visible on the illustra- tropical (from Cape Verde to Philippines), eury- tion by POWELL (1969), who curiously did bathic distribution of this species may indicate not compare his specimens with H. depressa the existence of a species group. (Busk, 1854), a Mediterranean endemic particularly abundant in the eastern basin Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin, 1826) (HARMELIN, 1969b; HAYWARD, 1974). This ‘circumtropical’ species has not been re- Hippaliosina acutirostris is known from the corded again in the Mediterranean since the Philippines and various Indo-Pacific locali- finding of OCCHIPINTI AMBROGI (1986) ties (HARMER, 1957). on rhizomes of Posidonia oceanica from the Apulian coast of Italy. Although presumably Parasmittina egyptiaca (Waters, 1909) considered as a lessepsian species by OC- Species recorded from the Red Sea and the

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Indian Ocean, and only once from the Medi- 1880). This species is presently known only terranean (HASTINGS, 1927). However, the from the Indian Ocean. In the same paper identification of Parasmittina species is dif- they described a new species, T. harmelini, ficult and the bryozoan fauna of the Eastern from a specimen collected at Beirut, Leba- Mediterranean is poorly documented. non. The differences between T. harmelini and the Mediterranean specimens from Israel Arachnoidea protecta Harmer, 1915 figured by POWELL (1969) and D’HONDT Arachnoidea protecta was only known from (1988) appear to be light and may fall within the Celebes archipelago (Indonesia). As no- the range of variation of this species. Pres- ticed by CHIMENZ GUSSO et al. (1998), ently known only from the Levantine basin, the present knowledge of the geographic Thalamoporella harmelini cannot be consid- distribution of A. protecta is probably very ered as an alien species. partial because of the difficulty to notice and identify this inconspicuous ctenostomate Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny, 1852) bryozoan. However, the morphological di- D’HONDT (1988) recorded both W. sub- vergence observed between the Celebes and torquata and W. cucullata (Busk, 1854) from Mediterranean forms may justify the exist- the same Israeli locality (Acre old harbour, 1- ence of a new species. 2m) but did not comment the differences observed between these specimens. Considering Thalamoporella gothica (Busk) indica that W. cucullata has been described from the (Hincks, 1880) Aegean Sea and that the assessment of mor- ? = Thalamoporella harmelini Soule, Soule phological differences between Watersipora & Chaney, 1999 species requires precise comparative studies The intricate status of the form described by (SOULE & SOULE, 1975), it seems prefer- Hincks was clarified by SOULEet al. (1999), able not to include W. subtorquata among the who gave it a species rank, T. indica (Hincks, alien bryozoans in the Mediterranean.

6. Parasites

Group Establishment Species success Monogenea casual Neothoracocotyle acanthocybii: accidental parasite on fish Digenea questionable Hysterolecitha sigani: accidental parasite on wild Siganidae (DIAMANT, 1989). Never observed again Trematoda casual Hirudinella ventricosa: accidental parasite on fish Protozoa casual Bonamia ostrea: accidentally with aquaculture Crustacea/Copepoda established Mytilicola orientalis, Myicola ostreae: on oyster beds Crustacea/Cirripedia established Heterosaccus dollfusi: mostly on Charybdis longicollis (GALIL & LÜTZEN, 1998) Crustacea/Cirripedia casual Loxothylacus texanus: on Callinectes sapidus

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Zooplankton established

Group Species Copepoda Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa, Acartia centrura, Arietellus pavoninus, Calanopia elliptica, Calanopia media, Centropages furcatus, Labidocera madurae, Labidocera pavo, Paracartia grani, Pontellina plumata, Pseudocalanus elongatus, Pteriacartia josephinae Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi Cnidaria/Scyphozoa Rhopilema nomadica Siphonophora Forskalia formosa Cnidaria/Hydrozoa Eucheilota paradoxica, Moerisia carine, Tetrorchis erythrogaster

Zooplankton casual

Group Species Copepoda Acartia (Acanthacartia) fossae, Calanopia biloba, Calanopia minor, Corycaeus speciosus, Eucalanus crassus, Eucalanus subcrassus, Euchaeta concinna, Labidocera agilis, Labidocera detruncata, Labidocera orsinii, Oncaea rufa, Paracalanus crassirostris, Parvocalanus elegans, Parvocalanus latus, Scaphocalanus amplius, Scaphocalanus brevirostris, Scolecithrix valens, Spinocalanus terranovae Cnidaria/Hydrozoa Aequorea conica, Kantiella enigmatica, Laodicea fijiana, Nubiella mitra, Paracytaeis octona, Russellia mirabilis Cnidaria/Scyphozoa Phyllorhiza punctata

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Group Species Cited by Reasoning Old record. Only in Bardawil Canuellina insignis POR, 1972 lagoon Old record. Only in Bardawil Enhydrosoma hopkinsi POR, 1972 lagoon Old record. Only in Bardawil Robertsonia salsa POR, 1972 Copepoda lagoon Possible pre-lessepsian element Scottolana longipes POR, 1964 (POR, 1978) Old record. Only in Bardawil Stenhelia inopinata POR, 1972 lagoon Possible pre-lessepsian element Stenhelia minuta POR, 1964 (POR, 1964)

Zooplankton excluded

Group Species Cited by Reasoning ÜNAL et al., Native: Described as new Acartia hasanii 2002 species in the area ÜNAL et al., Native: Described as new Paracartia ioannae 2002 species in the area ÜNAL et al., Native: Described as new Paracartia janetae Copepoda 2002 species in the area Paramphiascella Native: First described in POR, 1972 sirbonica Mediterranean THOMPSON & Not in Mediterranean: Pseudodiaptomus salinus SCOTT, 1903 WALTER, 1998 Scottolana bulbosa POR, 1967 Insufficient data GUERGUESS & Insufficient data Chaetognatha Sagitta neglecta HALIM, 1973 (CASANOVA, 1985) Ctenophora Coeloplana sp. HAAS, 1942 Insufficient data According to BOUILLON GAMULIN & Siphonophora Muggiaea atlantica et al., (2004), it is a neritic KrŠinIĆ, 1999 cosmopolitan species Globigerina bulloides LAKKIS et al., circumtropical 1996 Globigerinoides ruber LAKKIS et al., cosmopolitan Foraminifera 1996 Orbulina universa LAKKIS et al., cosmopolitan 1996

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Phytoplankton established Note: bold indicates cryptogenic species

Alexandrium andersonii Chaetoceros coarctatus Gymnodinium fusus Alexandrium catenella Coolia monotis Ostreopsis ovata Alexandrium taylori Gonyaulax grindley Phaeocystis poucheti Ceratium breve Gymnodinium catenatum Skeletonema tropicum

Additional established species cited in GÓMEZ, 2005 Ceratoperidinium cf. yeye Gymnodinium Leptodiscus medusoides Gonyaulax ligustica sphaeroideum Oxytoxum areolatum Gymnodinium canus Gyrodinium acutum

Phytoplankton casual Asterodinium gracile Ostreopsis lenticularis Protoceratium pepo Chattonella antiqua Ostreopsis cf. siamensis Trichodesmium erythreum Lingulodinium polyedrum Prorocentrum mexicanum

Additional casual species cited in GÓMEZ, 2005 Alexandrium insuetum Gymnodinium attenuatum Heterodinium crassipes Amphidinium inflatum Gymnodinium lineatum Heterodinium dubium Amphidinium lissae Gymnodinium lira Histioneis detonii Amphidinium vasculum Gymnodinium multilineatum Parahistioneis acutiformis Amphidoma elongata Gymnodinium ovulum Petalodinium porcelio Amphisolenia complanata Gymnodinium ravenescens Protoperidinium tregouboffii Centrodinium elongatum Gymnodinium sulcatum Pyrodinium bahamense Cochlodinium turbineum Gymnodinium translucens Triposolenia longicornis Craspedotella pileolus Gyrodinium biconicum Warnowia pulchra Gonyaulax rugosum Gyrodinium rubricaudatum

Phytoplankton questionable

Species Cited by Reasoning Ceratium egyptiacum DOWIDAR, 1972 Origin questionable. Defined by HALIM (1990) near Suez canal. Absent from the IP. Gymnodinium breve SATSMADJIS & Complex taxonomy FRILIGOS, 1983

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Phytoplankton excluded

Species Cited by Reasoning Alexandrium minutum HALIM, 1960 Native: type locality Alexandria Alexandrium BIECHELER, 1952 Native: type locality France pseudogoniaulax Alexandrium tamarense WALLENTINUS, 2002 Cosmopolitan Rhizosolenia alata KIMOR, 1973 Cosmopolitan MONTRESOR & Native: type locality Naples Scrippsiella precaria ZINGONE, 1988

9. Phytobenthos

Phytobenthos established

Acetabularia calyculus Chordra filum Laurencia okamurae Acrochaetium codicola Chrysonephos lewisii Leathesia difformis Acrothamnion preissii Chrysymenia wrightii Lithophyllum yessoense Acrothrix gracilis Cladophoropsis javanica Lomentaria hakodatensis Agardhiella subulata Codium fragile Lophocladia lallemandii Aglaothamnion feldmanniae tomentosoides Monostroma obscurum Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis Codium taylorii Neosiphonia harveyi Antithamnion amphigeneum Colpomenia peregrina Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa Antithamnion pectinatum Derbesia rhizophora Padina boergesenii Apoglossum gregarium Fucus spiralis Pleonosporium caribaeum Asparagopsis armata Galaxaura rugosa Polysiphonia morrowii Bonnemaisonia hamifera Grateloupia asiatica Pterosiphonia tanakae Botryocladia Grateloupia lanceolata Sarconema filiforme madagascariensis Grateloupia patens Sargassum muticum Caulerpa racemosa Grateloupia subpectinata Scytosiphon dotyi Caulerpa scalpelliformis Grateloupia turuturu Solieria dura Caulerpa taxifolia Griffithsia corallinoides Stypopodium schimperi Chondria collinsiana Halophila stipulacea Ulva pertusa Chondria curvilineata Halothrix lumbricalis Undaria pinnatifida Chondria polyrhiza Herposiphonia parca Womersleyella setacea Chondria pygmaea Hypnea cornuta Chondrus giganteus f. Hypnea spinella flabellatus Hypnea valentiae

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Phytobenthos casual Antithamnionella ternifolia Heterosiphonia japonica Rhodymenia erythraea Audouinella robusta Hypnea spicifera Sarconema scinaioides Audouinella subseriata Neomeris annulata Solieria filiformis Caulerpa mexicana Padina antillaru Sorocarpus sp. Ceramium strobiliforme Padina boryana Sphaerotrichia firma Dasya sessilis Plocamium secundatum Symphyocladia Derbesia boergesenii Porphyra yezoensis marchantioides

Phytobenthos questionable

Species Cited by Reasoning Needs confirmation (algaebase). Acanthophora muscoides ZEYBEK et al., 1986 According to PERRONE et al., 2006 it is a Taxon inquirendum Taxonomy of species uncertain. Antithamnionella RIBERA SIGUAN, 2002 Synonymy with A. elegans sublittoralis questioned Batophora sp. ICES/IOC/IMO, 2003 Insufficient data Cladophora cf. VERLAQUE, 1994 Identification uncertain patentiramea Goniotrichopsis Probably confused with species MAGNE, 1992 sublittoralis of Stylonema Hypnea variabilis ZEYBEK et al., 1986 Not documented records Laminaria japonica PEREZ et al., 1984 Insufficient data Laurencia FURNARI et al., 2001 Taxonomic complexity caduciramulosa Probably confused with other Laurencia intricata GODEH et al., 1992 species of Laurencia Overlook deep water species. Laurencia chondrioides BOISSET et al., 1998 Probably confused with Chondria sp. Laurencia majuscula CACCAMESE et al., 1986 Probably confused with L obtusa Parvocaulis parvula ALEEM, 1948 Probably Tethyan relict Probably confused with other Polysiphonia atlantica BEN MAIZ et al., 1986 Mediterranean species of Polysiphonia Polysiphonia kampsaxiii AYSEL, 1984 Insufficient data Polysiphonia paniculata LAURET, 1970 Insufficient data Rhodophysema georgei VERLAQUE, 1981 Insufficient data Sargassum latifolium ZEYBEK et al., 1986 Not documented records

86 Medit. Mar. Sci, 6/2, 2005, 63-118

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Phytobenthos excluded

A. Not occuring in the Mediterranean

Species Cited by Reasoning Audouinella spatoglossi ALEEM, 1950 Old record based on cast ashore thalli Cystoseira myrica VERLAQUE, 1994 Doubtful old record Gracilaria arcuata BOUDOURESQUE & Doubtful record: GARGIULO RIBERA, 1994 et al. (1992) Gracilaria disticha VERLAQUE, 1994 Old record to be confirmed Hypnea esperi LIPKIN, 1972 Nomenclatural and taxonomic complexity ATHANASIADIS (1987) Hypnea nidifica REINBOLD, 1898 Old record based on cast ashore thalli Mastocarpus stellatus FURNARI et al., 2003 Misidentification Spatoglossum variabile ALEEM, 1950 Old record based on cast ashore thalli Spatoglossum asperum LUNDBERG, 1989 Misidentification

B. Occurring in the Mediterranean

Species Cited by Reasoning Acanthophora BOUDOURESQUE & Tethyan relict nayadiformis RIBERA, 1994 Antithamnion decipiens Various authors Native: type locality: Nice, France Antithamnionella CORMACI & FURNARI, Native: type locality: Naples elegans 1988 Antithamnionella RIBERA & Native: type locality: Trieste spirographidis BOUDOURESQUE, 1995 Asparagopsis taxiformis VERLAQUE, 1994 Tethyan relict Bryopsis plumosa GIACCONE, 1969 Not introduced/ cosmopolitan Ceramium bisporum SARTONI & BODDI, 2002 Probably confused with C. codii Cladophora liebetruthii DURAL & AYSEL, 1996 Old record: present in the Mediterranean Sea since 1854 Chondrophycus ZEYBEK, 1969 Tethyan relict papillosus Cladosiphon zosterae BATTIATO & PONTE, Not introduced/ cosmopolitan 1975 Desmarestia viridis VERLAQUE, 1981 KÜTZING, 1849: Adriatic

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Dipterosiphonia VERLAQUE, 1981 Not introduced dendritica Ectocarpus siliculosus BELLEMO et al., 1999 Not introduced

Ganonema farinosum VERLAQUE, 1994 Tethyan relict Halymenia ulvoidea ALEEM, 1993 Endemic species of the Mediterranean Sea Hypnea musciformis GIACCONE, 1969 Not introduced/ cosmopolitan Microdictyon tenuius ZEYBEK, 1969 Old record: present in the Mediterranean Sea since 1860 Myrionema strangulans AYSEL, 1997 Cosmopolitan several ancient reports of this species Pilayella littoralis BEN MAIZ et al., 1986 Not introduced Polysiphonia fucoides BOUDOURESQUE & Known in ancient flora asP. RIBERA, 1994 violacea Polysiphonia elongata GIACCONE 1969 Not introduced Punctaria tenuissima RIBERA et al., 1992 Not introduced Radicilingua CURIEL et al., 1994 Not introduced thysanorhizans Spyridia hypnoides FURNARI et al., 1999 Native: Type locality: Algeria Sphacelaria rigidula ZEYBEK et al., 1986 Old record: Istria, 1901 Ulva fasciata DELILE, 1813 Not introduced Ulva scandinavica BATTELLI & TAN, 1998 Not introduced.

 Species classified among the potentially invasive ones in the Mediterranean byVER- LAQUE et al. (2005).  Species classified among the most invasive ones in the Mediterranean, by VERLAQUE et al. (2005).

Synonyms / Misidentifications / Species Updates

In the lists that follow, the first name is the current name used in this paper. For full synonymity of fish, decapods and molluscan the reader is referred to the CIESM atlas volumes 1 to 3.

Fish Apogon pharaonis = Apogon nigripinnis Chelon carinata = Liza carinata Liza haematocheila = Mugil soiuy Sphyraena pinguis = Sphyraena chrysotaenia Sphyraena obtusata = Sphyraena flavicauda

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Group Synonyms/misidentifications Mollusca/Cephalopoda Octopus aegina = Octopus kagoshimenis Polychaeta Branchiosyllis exilis = Branchiosyllis uncinigera = Syllis exilis Branchiomma boholene = Branchiomma cingulata = Dasychone cingulata Chrysopetalum debile =Chrysopetalum sp. Hydroides diramphus = Hydroides lunulifera Hydroides novaepommeraniae = Hydroides grubei Hydroides operculatus = Hydroides inornata Linopherus acarunculata = Pseudeurythoe acarunculata Neanthes willeyi = Neanthes capensis Nereis zonata persica = Nereis persica Leonnates indicus = Leonnates jousseaumei Spirobranchus tetraceros = Spirobranchus jousseaumei Crustacea/Decapoda Erugosquilla massavensis = Squilla africana Crustacea/Tanaidacea Kalliapseudes omercooperi = Cristapseudes omercooperi Crustacea/Amphipoda Maera hamigera=Linguimaera caesaris Arthropoda/ Anoplodactylus californicus = Anoplodactylus portus Pycnogonida Echinodermata Synaptula reciprocans = Synaptula nigra

Porifera Haliclona viridis = Callyspongia viridis Cinachyrella australiensis = Chrotella cavernosa Lissodendoryx schmidt = Damiriana schmidti Hyrtios erecta = Heteroneme erecta Ascidiacea Botrylloides nigrum = Metrandrocarpa nigra Ecteinascidia turbinata = Ecteinascidia moorei Botryllus schlosseri = Botryllus violaceus Bryozoa Aeverrillia setigera = Buskia setigera Celleporaria aperta = Holoporella aperta Parasmittina egyptiaca = Smittia egyptiaca Reteporella jermanensis = Sertella jermanensis Cnidaria/Hydrozoa Macrorhynchia philippina = Lytocarpus philippinus

Zooplankton Enhydrosoma hopkinsi = Enhydrosoma vicinum Spinocalanus terranovae = Ctenocalanus citer Stenhelia inopinata = Sunaristes inopinata Scottolana longipes = Canuella longipes Sagitta neglecta = Aidanosagitta neglecta

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Phytoplankton Alexandrium catenella=Gonyaulax catenella Alexandrium minutum = Alexandrium lusitanicum Alexandrium tamarense = Gonyaulax tamarensis Ceratium egyptiacum= Ceratium pulchellum Coolia monotis = Ostreopsis monotis = Glenodinium monotis Gonyaulax grindleyi = Protoceratium reticulatum Gymnodinium mikimotoi = Gymnodinium nagasakiense = Gyrodinium aureolum Gymnodinium breve = Karenia brevis Gymnodinium fusus = Pseliodinium vaubanii Prorocentrum mexicanum = Prorocentrum maximum Rhizosolenia alata = Rhizosolenia truncata = Rhizosolenia alata f. indica Pyrodinium bahamense= Pyrodinium schilleri

Phytobenthos Acrochaetium (Rhodothamniella) codicola = Audouinella codicola Agardhiella subulata (also reported as Solieria chordalis) Antithamnion amphigeneum = Antithamnion algeriense Antithamnion pectinatum: quoted as Antithamnion nipponicum Asparagopsis armata = Falkenbergia rufolanosa Audouinella robusta = Acrochaetium sargassicola Chondrophycus papillosus = Laurencia papillosa Cladophoropsis javanica = Cladophora/Cladophoropsis zollingeri Dasya sessilis = Dasya sp. Galaxaura rugosa = Galaxaura lapidescens Grateloupia asiatica = Grateloupia sp. and erroneously as Grateloupia filicina Grateloupia patens = Prionitis patens Grateloupia subpectinata = Grateloupia filicina var. luxurians= Grateloupia luxurians Grateloupia turuturu: recorded as Grateloupia doryphora Heterosiphonia japonica = Dasysiphonia sp. Hypnea spicifera = Hypnea harveyi Hypnea spinella = Hypnea cervicornis Hypnea valentiae var. hamulosa = Fucus hamulosa Mastocarpus stellatus: recorded as Gigartina stellata and Petrocelis cruenta Microdictyon tenuius: quoted as Microdictyon agardhianum Monostroma obscurum = Ulvaria obscura Myrionema strangulans= Myrionema vulgare Neosiphonia harveyi = Polysiphonia mottei = Polysiphonia harveyi Padina antillarum= Padina tetrastromatica Parvocaulis parvula =Acetabularia parvula= Acetabularia moebii Porphyra yezoensis: recorded as P. tenera Pterosiphonia tanakae = Pterosiphonia sp. Sphacelaria rigidula= Sphacelaria furcigera Sphaerotrichia divaricata is a misidentification of Sphaerotrichia firma Spyridia hypnoides= Spyridia aculeata Stypopodium schimperi = Stypopodium tubruqense = Stypopodium zonale Womersleyella setacea =Polysiphonia setacea

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Worst Invasive Alien Species in the Medi- imposed on it (SIMBERLOFF, 1989 ; RIB- terranean coastal ecosystem ERA, 1995; COHEN & CARLTON, 1998; GOODWIN et al., 1999; OCCHIPINTI Among invasive alien species, a list of AMBROGI, 2000; KEANE & CRAWLEY, the worst invasive species threatening biodi- 2002). versity in Europe has been endorsed by the The adverse impacts of invasive species SEBI2010 Working Group 5. The list is not on genetics, populations, ecosystems and an indicator by it self. However, it can be economics in the Mediterranean have been developed into an indicator and it will serve discussed to some extent in synthetic studies as a basis for more specific indicators focus- (BOUDOURESQUE, 1994 ; BOUDOUR- ing on impacts and economic cost of inva- ESQUE & RIBERA, 1994; VERLAQUE, sive alien species. Further, and perhaps most 1994; RIBERA, 1995; GOLANI, 1998; OC- importantly, it is a very powerful awareness CHIPINTI AMBROGI, 2000; 2001; 2002a; tool. 2002b; GALIL, 2000a, and 2000b; ZI- As worst IAS threatening biodiversity BROWIUS, 2002 ; BOUDOURESQUE & have been defined species that: VERLAQUE, 2002a and 2002b; GALIL & a. have a serious impact on biological di- ZENETOS, 2002; OCCHIPINTI AMBRO- versity e.g. severe impacts on ecosystem GI & SAVINI, 2003; GOFAS & ZENETOS, structure and function (alteration of habi- 2003). tat, competing with native species, enter- In the Mediterranean, stressed environ- ing food chain, altering energy and nutri- ments (polluted or physically degraded) ent flow etc.); replacement of native spe- appear to be more prone to invasion than cies throughout a significant proportion pristine sites (RIBERA & BOUDOUR- of its range; hybridization with native ESQUE, 1995, GALIL, 2000b; OCCHIP- species; and threats to unique biodiver- INTI AMBROGI, 2000; RIBERA SIGUAN, sity (e.g. habitats in need of conservation 2002; OCCHIPINTI AMBROGI & SAVINI, measures, isolated ecosystems, endemic 2003). The fact that mariculture introduc- species). tions are mostly restricted to lagoonal or es- b. may have negative consequences for hu- tuarine habitats and vessel-transported aliens man activities, health and/or economic to polluted harbours (ZIBROWIUS, 1992), interests (e.g. are pests, pathogens or vec- environments that are known for their low tors of disease) biodiversity, support this theory. A recent study of macrofouling organisms concluded Documenting impacts of marine invaders that many more species are found in a pollut- is a subject of hot debate. The evidence and ed than in a non-polluted marina (KOÇAK nature of the impact of invasive species on et al., 1999). However, there are suggestions particular ecosystems and habitats are often of the opposite. According to KLEIN et al., unclear and it appears that it is the interaction (2005) there is no relationship between the between invaders and other anthropogenic number of introductions, diversity of the stresses that influence the impact (RUIZ et host ecosystem and disturbance acting on al., 1999). Invasion success depends not the community when examining the impact only on the invader’s advantage over poten- of introduced macrophytes on the shallow tial native enemies/competitors but also on subtidal macrophytic assemblages along the the environmental characteristics of the host French Mediterranean coast. ecosystem (primarily species richness and disturbance) and the level of stress already

Medit. Mar. Sci, 6/2, 2005, 63-118 91

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | Invasive records ygaster, Cynoglossus sinusarabici, Stepha- nolepis diaspros, Lagocephalus spadiceus, A number of alien species have been Lagocephalus suezensis and Callionymus described as invasive or locally invasive filamentosus). by different authors in different parts of the Mediterranean. The qualification as invasive 2. Zoobenthos/Mollusca is based on their proliferation, and/or their Ten species of molluscs have been de- geographical spread and/or impact on na- scribed as locally invasive: the gastropods tive populations. The Worst Invasive Species Cerithium scabridum, Rhinoclavis kochi, among them are presented below per eco- Strombus persicus and Bursatella leachi functional/ taxonomic group. and the bivalves Pinctada radiata and Bra- chidontes pharaonis in the eastern Mediter- 1. Fish ranean, the gastropod Rapana venosa and the The term invasive is debatable if used for bivalves Anadara inaequivalvis, Musculista describing the present situation in the Le- senhousia, and Xenostrobus securis in the vantine Sea given the lack of reliable infor- northern Adriatic and the western Mediterra- mation on distribution and abundance prior nean lagoons (GOFAS & ZENETOS, 2003). to the opening of Suez Canal (GOLANI, In addition, the bivalves Chama pacifica and 1998). Notwithstanding, definite changes in Spondylus spinosus have been regarded as fish assemblages in the Levantine ecosystem invasive in the Levantine (ZENETOS et al., have been attributed to Lessepsian migrants 2004) and in the western Mediterranean la- (GOLANI et al., 2002; GOREN & GALIL, goons Crepidula fornicata has been found to 2005; HARMELIN-VIVIEN et al., 2005; compete with commercial shellfish (BLAN- SAAD, 2005). CHARD, 1996). Eighteen of the alien fish species were When assessing the scale and impact of already considered as very common and of ship transported alien fauna in the Mediterra- positive economic importance by GOLANI nean ZIBROWIUS (2002) regarded the fol- et al. (2002). These are: Alepes djedaba, Ath- lowing molluscan species as invasive, prima- erinomorus lacunosus, Dussumieria elop- rily based on their spread: Crepidula aculea- soides, Etrumeus teres, Gymnammodytes ta (Alicante harbour Spain), Anadara demiri semisquamatus, Hemiramphus far, Herklot- (in the Adriatic and Aegean Seas along with sichthys punctatus, Liza carinata, Sargocen- the aforementioned A. inaequivalvis) and tron rubrum, Saurida undosquamis, Scomb- Mya arenaria (with mass proliferation in the eromorus commerson, Siganus luridus, S. Berre lagoon near Marseilles). More recently rivulatus, Sillago sihama, Sphyraena chryso- the bivalve Musculista senhousia also prolif- taenia, Solea senegalensis, Upeneus moluc- erated in Berre lagoon. censis and Upeneus pori. Seriola fasciata Bivalves originally imported for aqua- and Fistularia commersonii now have to be culture purposes such as the venus clam added to that list, following recent records of Ruditapes philippinarum, the Pacific oyster their spread across the Mediterraenan. Crassostrea gigas and Anadara inaequiv- Abundant populations of alien fish with- alvis are well known examples of nega- out direct economic use are also included tive impact caused by alien species in the in the worst IAS since they are considered Mediterranean, as it has been demonstrated as pests, an economic burden to fishermen in the case of the Venice lagoon. They are who have to discard them from their gear out-competing native species (OCCHIPINTI (GOLANI et al., 2002: Sphoeroides pach- AMBROGI, 2000) and their harvesting has

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | caused heavy stress on bottom communities and Penaeus semisulcatus (abundant along and the whole lagoon ecosystem (OCCHIP- the Levantine coast), Callinectes sapidus INTI AMBROGI, 2002b; PRANOVI et al., (common in Greece), Portunus pelagicus 2003; 2004). (abundant along the Levantine since the The cryptogenic shipworm Teredo na- 1920’s, presently rare), Melicertus hathor valis can be included here, being one of the (locally common and of some commercial most effective and harmful marine invaders importance in Iskenderun Bay), and Erugos- (HOPPE, 2002). quilla massavensis (abundant in the eastern Levantine and southeastern Turkey). 3. Zoobenthos/Polychaeta In addition, the decapods Libinia dubia Various species have been considered as (in Tunisia), Rithropanopaeus harrissi (es- invasive in various parts of the Mediterra- tablished in North Adriatic lagoons along nean. Pomatoleios kraussii has been highly with Dispanopeus sayi), and the amphipod successful in the Levantine basin (Leba- Elasmopus pectenicrus (Levantine Sea and non, G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius, unpublished; Venice lagoon) have been regarded as in- Iskenderun Bay, M.E. Çinar, unpublished), vasive (ZIBROWIUS, 2002). The shrimps Hydroides elegans, H. dianthus and Spiror- Alpheus lobidens and A. edwardsii have also bis marioni in harbour environments all over been reported as invasive in the Eastern Med- the Mediterranean. In addition to P. kraussii, iterranean (GALIL & ZENETOS, 2002). The various other lessepsian serpulids spread over Atlantic crab Percnon gibessi, first recorded the Levantine area. Among these, Hydroides in the central Mediterranean (RELINI et minax now seems to be omnipresent and may al, 2000) has rapidly spread to the western locally have particular dense populations. Of and eastern Mediterranean (THESSALOU- the soft bottom species Branchiomma luctu- LEGAKI et al., 2006). osum, Polydora cornuta, Streblospio gynobranchiata, Leonnates persicus and Pseudo- 5. Zoobenthos/Miscellanea nereis anomala have to be added to the worst ZIBROWIUS (2002) regarded the fol- IAS (ÇINAR et al., 2002; 2005; ÇINAR lowing species as invasive primarily based & ERGEN, 2005; KAMBOUROGLOU & on their spread: Oculina patagonica (Scle- NICOLAIDOU, 2006). ractinian coral reported in Spain, Ligurian coast of Italy, Alexandria, Lebanon, Israel 4. Zoobenthos/Crustacea and recently in Turkey and Greece); the A number of alien decapod crustaceans ascidian Microcosmus exasperatus (dense have been described as abundant in the Med- populations in Mediterranean harbours). The iterranean. More common are: Charybdis echinoderm Asterina burtoni has been re- helleri and Charybdis longicollis (the lat- garded as invasive in the Eastern Mediterra- ter constituting 70 % of the benthic biomass nean (GALIL & ZENETOS, 2002). In addi- on sandy-silt bottoms off the Israeli coast tion, the bryozoan Tricellaria inopinata was (GALIL, 1986). Further species have been discovered to have a profound impact on the described as either abundant or very abun- bryozoan community by colonizing all pos- dant and have an impact on the environment sible hard substrata in the Lagoon of Venice and/or the economy (GALIL et al., 2002): and out competing the native species (OC- Dyspanopeus sayi (very abundant in the Ven- CHIPINTI AMBROGI, 2000; OCCHIPINTI ice lagoon), Marsupenaeus japonicus (very AMBROGI & SAVINI, 2003). However, the abundant in the Levantine and southern Tur- synergy between the invader and the stress key), Metapenaeus monoceros, M. stebbingi, already imposed in the ecosystem is not clear

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | (OCCHIPINTI AMBROGI, 2000). and coastal installations. Two foraminiferan species, namely, Am- phistegina lobifera and Amphisorus hemp- 8. Phytoplankton richii show invasive characteristics. A. lobif- Algal species responsible for the occur- era populations have been expanded to such rence of Harmful Algal Blooms have been an extent that the dead tests locally accumu- regarded as invasive. The toxics Alexandri- lated as a 30-60cm thick layer on the sea bed um catenella, Ostreopsis ovata and Coolia [Antalya, Kaş, Kekova, Beş Adalar and Üç monotis and the non toxic dinoflagellate Al- Adalar] (MERIÇ et al., 2002 ; 2004; YOKES exandrium taylori have been detected in the & MERIC, 2004). Amphistegina lobifera has western Mediterranean (PENNA et. al., 2005; been reported on the Eastern Mediterrane- GIACOBBE & YANG, 1999; GARCÉS et an coasts as far as Cyprus (HYAMS et al., al., 1999; GARCÉS et al., 2000; SIMONI 2002) and Amphisorus hemprichii has been et al., 2003, 2004; Basterrextea et reported in Southwestern Turkey and Israel al., 2005), and also in Greece (STRAT- (B. Yokes, pers. commun.) EGY Workshop, 2004). Alexandrium catenella toxic blooms have been reported in 6. Parasites the western Mediterranean (GARCÉS et al., Parasites are ubiquitous and pervasive in 2000; VILA et al., 2001) and concern has marine systems, yet their role in marine inva- been raised about the eastern Mediterranean sions is relatively unexplored. Although data (MIKHAIL, 2001) for the same species. The on parasites of marine organisms exist, the presence of Gymnodinium catenatum in the extent to which parasites can mediate marine western Mediterranean has also been per- invasions, or the extent to which invasive ceived as a probable ‘protagonist of future parasites and pathogens are responsible for red tides events’ (GÓMEZ & CLAUSTRE, infecting or potentially decimating native 2001) but has not been included in the worst marine species have not been examined. IAS as it is regarded a potentially invasive Parasitic copepods that infect shellfish species. have been widely introduced with the transport and culture of bivalves. Mytilicola ori- 9. Phytobenthos entalis and Myicola ostrae are both parasitic Many authors have provided lists of inva- copepods of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea sive macrophytes in Mediterranean. WAL- gigas, in Asia, where they are native. Both LENTINUS (2002) for example has provid- species infect native bivalves and M. orien- ed a different aspect where 25 macroalgae talis is considered a serious pest (HOLMES are considered as invasive and nine as highly & MINCHIN, 1995). invasive. A more accurate account has been provided by Mediterranean experts. 7. Zooplankton Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemo- The zooplanktonic jellyfish Rhopilema sa aff. var. cylindracea are perhaps the most nomadica have been reported as invasive notorious invaders in the Mediterranean. In in the Levantine (Eastern Mediterranean) many cases their invasive spread has radical- (GALIL et al., 1990). The jellyfish has en- ly altered the structure and function of native tered the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal ecosystems causing a decrease in macrofau- in the 1970s, and since the mid 1980s forms nal and macroalgal biodiversity (Ruitton large swarms annually along the Levantine & Boudouresque, 1994 ; BOUDOUR- coast. When the jellyfish swarms draw nearer ESQUE et al., 1995; HARMELIN-VIVIEN shore they adversely affect tourism, fisheries et al., 1996 ; CECCHERELLI & CAMPO,

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | 2002; BALATA et al., 2004; Piazzi et al., taxifolia along the French and Italian Rivi- 2005; RUITTON et al., 2005). In fact the in- eras. An additional species, Halophila stipu- vasive proliferation of Caulerpa taxifolia, the lacea in the Eastern Mediterranean, can be ‘killer algae’ (MEINESZ, 1999), consists tentatively added to this list. the most infamous example of the impact of A specific study on algal introductions invasive species in the Mediterranean. to European waters (ALIENS project: VER- According to BOUDOURESQUE & LAQUE et al., 2005) considered as generally VERLAQUE (2002a), and references there- invasive the following species: Asparagopsis in, at least eight phytobenthic species can be armata, Heterosiphonia japonica, Aspara- described as invasive organisms in the Medi- gopsis taxiformis, Bonnemaisonia hamif- terranean as “they play a conspicuous role era, Colpomenia peregrina, Codium fragile, in the recipient ecosystems, becoming the Grateloupia turuturu, Antithamnion pectina- dominant species and/or taking the place of tum and Undaria pinnatifida. keystone species”. These are: Acrothamnion preissii in western Italy, Asparagopsis arma- Discussion ta in the north-western basin, Lophocladia lallemandii in the Balearic Islands, Womers- Of the examined records about 23% are leyella setacea in western Italy, Corsica and excluded. A total of 745 alien species are re- the Aegean Sea, Sargassum muticum in Thau ported, 98 of which (13%) are questionable lagoon, France, Stypopodium schimperi in records. The available information depends the eastern Mediterranean, especially along greatly on the taxonomic group examined. the Levantine coasts, Caulerpa racemosa The establishment success per ecofunctional/ aff. var. cylindracea in various localities taxonomic group is shown in Figure 2. In the throughout the Mediterranean and Caulerpa sections that follow the state of art in species

Fig. 2: Establishment success per ecofunctional Pycnogonida/taxonomic group. Miscellanea (zoobenthos) include Foraminifera, Echinodermata, Ascidiacea, Cnidaria, Sipuncula, Pycnogonida, Enter- opneusta, Porifera and Bryozoa.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | diversity and distribution and in alien moni- to the increased interest of malacologists and toring per ecofunctional/taxonomic group is the relatively easy collection/identification discussed. of mollusca.

1. Fish 3. Zoobenthos/Polychaeta Fish is a well studied group in the Medi- Absence of an updated monograph of terranean. The paper version of the CIESM polychaetes covering all families is an ob- atlas (GOLANI et al., 2002) enumerated 90 stacle for determining changes in polychaete alien species. By December 2005 the updated diversity in the Mediterranean. FAUVEL’s CIESM check-list of alien species included outdated fauna (1923; 1927) is still widely 8 more species (CIESM on line, 2005). As used for identifying polychaetes, leading to with all groups, more intensive observations erroneous lists and confusions as a number and modifications of the status of the already of species have been synonymized or proved reported species, have increased the number to be absent in the Mediterranean while many of aliens which is now 110 species. Species additional species were discovered. However, of uncertain origin, reported in latest publi- promising attempts have been recently made cations such as that of SAAD (2005) are ten- in the understanding of the superfamily Aph- tatively classified as questionable. roditoidea (BARNICH & FIEGE, 2003), and Nomenclature composes the major concern the families Glyceridae (BÖGGEMANN, for monitoring alien fish species. Considering 2002), Goniadidae (BÖGGEMANN, 2005) that Official Lists and Indexes of Names and and Syllidae (SAN MARTÍN, 2003). Works in Zoology is not updated, we normally Within Polychaeta, more reliable evi- use the FISHBASE names that are generally dence of Lessepsian migration is only known used by ichthyologists. The FISHBASE is in Nereidae and Serpulidae. Records of alien not a perfect instrument; for example, Mugil species within the families Syllidae, Cirratu- soiuy Basilewsky, 1855 and Chelon haema- lidae, Maldanidae, Terebellidae seem to be tocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) are speculative. Another possibility, that should both listed as valid names in FISHBASE as not be neglected, is that the seemingly Indo- separated species. However, there is presently Pacific species recognized in the Mediterra- no other common reference point for ichthy- nean might be Miocene relicts. Currently 69 ologists world-wide and it is the reference list species are described as valid records. for “Species 2000 catalogue of life”. 4. Zoobenthos/Crustacea (85 species) 2. Zoobenthos/Mollusca 4.1. Decapoda Mollusca are also well studied in the A well studied group with a recent inven- Mediterranean. By the end of 2002, 139 tory (D’ UDEKEM D’ACOZ, 1999), a pho- alien species were recorded and 62 species tographic website of the Eastern Atlantic, the were excluded as spurious records (GOFAS Mediterranean Sea, and the adjacent conti- & ZENETOS, 2003). As suggested by GO- nental waters decapoda (CRUSTIKON) and FAS & ZENETOS (2003), there is still a the CIESM atlas with regular updates online pool of about 90 species reported from the Suez Canal, which are likely to be found in 4.2. Amphipoda the Mediterranean in the near future. Indeed, There are few alien species documented the number of molluscan alien species has even on a worldwide scale. Although there increased to 196, of which 31 are recorded are a lot of carcinological studies in the Med- as questionable. The rate of increase is due iterranean, very few have been identified as

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | aliens which represent 1.7% of the total am- (CHIMENZ GUSSO & LATTANZI, 2003). phipod fauna of the region (KOCATAŞ et al., 2002). The recent inventories of BEL- 5.2. Porifera LAN-SANTINI et al., (1998), BELLAN- Studies on Porifera in general in the Medi- SANTINI & COSTELLO (2001), BEL- terranean and Red Seas are poor. To the very LAN-SANTINI & RUFFO (2003) and the experienced J. Vacelet, the identifications AMPHIPODA homepage, accurately list the and interpretations, by BURTON (1936) and species’ distribution. However, as BELLAN- TSURNAMAL (1969) do not seem reliable SANTINI & RUFFO (2003) report “….we (J. Vacelet, pers. commun.). It is therefore have no confirmation on the true origin of difficult to compare the species new to the these species…”. Mediterranean with the Red Sea fauna since the Red Sea sponge fauna is not well known. 4.3. Isopoda Hence, the presence of Red Sea species in One of the least studied groups; not even the SE Mediterranean cannot be excluded. A an inventory exists for the whole Mediterra- recent collection from the Lebanon included nean. Effort is increasing, but at a regional two new species which cannot be aliens from scale: covering Spain only (JUNOY & CAS- the Red Sea (PEREZ et al., 2004). But in- TELLÓ, 2003) and Italy (ARGANO et al, certitudes prevail concerning other species 1995). Collections from Lebanon are un- under study. der current study by J. Castelló (Barcelona, Spain) and it is assumed that some Indo-Pa- 5.3. Ascidiacea cific species not yet reported will be ‘discov- Ascidians have a great invasive potential, ered’. A new species known from tropical and their expansion in the Mediterranean areas was recorded in Salerno harbour (Tyr- harbours and marinas since the seventies is rhenian Sea, southern Italy): it is probably well documented. Interest has revived and Mesanthura romulea (LORENTI et al., in Italian (MASTROTOTARO & DAPPIANO, press). 2005), and Spanish (RAMOS et al., 1992) experts are examining material from Medi- 4.4. Tanaidacea terranean ports. To ascertain the spread of Relatively few comprehensive faunal lists Microcosmus squamiger and M. exasperatus of Tanaidacea exist. The only recent compre- in the Mediterranean, the material in the col- hensive study of this group in the Mediter- lection of the Museum National d’Histoire ranean by S. Riggio tends to cover the fauna Naturelle, Paris, was re-examined and the observed in Italy (ARGANO et al., 1995). identificatiion of specimens previously clas- The collection from the Lebanon studied by sified as M. exasperatus revised. The re- R. Bamber (pers. commun.) bears no evi- sults show that specimens unambiguously dence of newcomers from the Red Sea. attributable to M. squamiger are common in Spain, France, Italy and Morocco (TURON 5. Zoobenthos/Miscellanea (66 species) & NISHIKAWA, 2005; A. Ramos pers. com- 5.1. Arthropoda / Pycnogonida mun). This instance illustrates the crucial im- Four species have been recorded so far, portance of taxonomy in studies of invasive three of which are established. The taxon is species. well studied in Italy and France and in addi- 5.4. Cnidaria/Anthozoa tion to a review in 1987 (ARNAUD, 1987) The Mediterranean is the first area in the there are regular updates on the distribution world where the invasion by an alien scler- of the species in Italy including alien ones actinian coral has been reported. The coral in

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | question is now commonly known as Ocu- presented as an alien was Pherusella brevi- lina patagonica and is considered to be of tuba, which was collected from Ustica Is- temperate Atlantic-South American origin. land in 1996 growing on Posidonia leaves This invasive coral in the Mediterranean was (CHIMENZ GUSSO & D’HONDT, 2005). hypothesised (ZIBROWIUS, 1974) to be the Together with other species of Bryozoa pre- same species as a coral described from the viously recorded in Italian waters, it should Holocene beach deposit from Argentina. The better be considered a cryptogenic species, invasive Mediterranean form still needs to be being inconspicuous and belonging to a dif- compaired with live samples from the pre- ficult taxonomic group. sumed area of origin. It is exceptional that a scleractinian coral invades a distant area. 5.6. Foraminifera The second case recognized is the spreading It is far more difficult to document the of Tubastraea over the tropical American At- invasion of alien meiofaunal elements into lantic. the Mediterranean Sea, as early records are significantly scarce. However, benthic fo- Cnidaria/Hydrozoa raminifera have a good preservation potential The knowledge of the biogeography of and may be present in large numbers, tend- the Mediterranean Hydrozoa is far from being to leave behind a superior record of their ing complete not only due to the continuous presence over time, in comparison with mac- recording of new species in the basin, but rofaunal elements. A recent, extensive study also due to insufficient or geographically too on benthic foraminifera from the shallow concentrated research efforts, so leading to continental shelf along the SE Mediterranean inefficient coverage of distribution areas. All (HYAMS, 2001) indicates that nearly 20% of presently known Mediterranean hydrozoan the local Foraminifera species are suspected species including hydroids, hydromedusae to be of an exotic origin. The ability to make and siphonophores are well covered in the this estimation may in part be attributed to recent book of BOUILLON et al. (2004). the recent publication of the Atlas of Recent Species newly entered the Mediterranean Foraminiferida of the Gulf of Aqaba (HOT- basin via the Suez canal were first compiled TINGER et al., 1993) and modern compila- by POR (1978). According to BOUILLON tions of Mediterranean species (YANKO et et al 2004, not many of Por’s records were al., 1998), which enable comparison of the noticed until recent times. A modest collec- benthic Foraminifera assemblages in both tion from Lebanon is under study. The study regions. According to B. Yokes (pers. com- of the Hydrozoa of the Alboran Sea has led mun.) in Turkish waters there are more than to many new records of Atlantic origin which 30 alien lessepsian Foraminifera species. are however not treated in this study. The new findings are to be published by the local scientists. 5.5. Bryozoa Bryozoans are common components of 6. Parasites fouling communities and can disperse over Parasites of Mediterranean lessepsian long distances on rafting substrates. Despite immigrants have been investigated very lit- these capacities, the number of non-indig- tle over the years pioneered by Ilan Paperna enous species recorded in the Mediterra- in the early 70s. Only few scientists have nean is relatively modest (ROSSO, 2003; been looking for parasitological aspects in D’HONDT, in press). The latest record the wild. Alien monogeneans have been reported more commonly from freshwater fish

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | species than from marine fishes. In an early aquaculture and commercial and tourism ac- parasitological study of Lessepsian Sigani- tivities during the last century have obviously dae, the digenean Hysterolecitha sigani was enhanced the transport of planktonic species mentioned from the rabbitfishSiganus lurid- in ballast waters. Relatively few seem to be us and S. rivulatus (DIAMANT, 1989). Later planktonic lessepsian migrants, even though studies concluded that there is no serious it is believed that their contribution will in- data on potentially Lessepsian trematodes crease with time, due to the decreasing of (DIAMANT, 1998). Cymothoids (Isopoda) the Nile fresh water inflow into the Mediter- are a group of crustaceans typically parasitic ranean and lower salinity in the Bitter lakes of teleost fishes. However, they are poorly (HALIM, 1990). studied animals and some groups remain completey undescribed. Studies of parasitic 8. Phytoplankton isopods on Lessepsian fish are in progress in The list of Mediterranean Indo-Pacific the Levantine. taxa is full of dubious or poorly known spe- The best known parasites in the Mediter- cies. As an example of a recent Erythrean ranean are the benthic copepods Mytilicola invader Ceratium egyptiacum was reported orientalis and Myicola ostreae on oyster by HALIM (1990). The taxon shows vari- beds. They were likely introduced with in- able morphology associated with the stress fected oysters imported for culture. of environmental changes (salinity > 47psu) A rhizocephalan barnacle, Heterosac- in the Suez Canal (DOWIDAR, 1972). It was cus dollfusi, followed its portunid host crab, reported only from the proximity of the Suez Charybdis longicollis, from the Red Sea Canal, with no records in the Indian or Pa- through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean cific Oceans. The absence of information on Sea (GALIL & LÜTZEN, 1998). Other re- several groups such as the dinoflagellates be- ports of rhizocephalans introduced with their fore the opening of the Suez Canal hinders at- hosts are anecdotal and lack confirmation tempts to determine biogeographical origins (TORCHIN et al., 2002). of present Mediterranean species (GÓMEZ, 2005). HALIM (1990) reported a tentative 7. Zooplankton list of 17 Mediterranean Indo-Pacific spe- Only 18 zooplanktonic alien species cies. Most of these dinoflagellates have been seem to be well established in the Mediter- also reported in the Tyrrhenian Sea. How- ranean, while 32 are considered casual or ever, the Indo-Pacific origin of these species questionable records. The continuity of the is questionable due to the fact they were also marine pelagic environment, as well as the reported in the Atlantic. Furthermore, as with seasonality of species appearance have to be many other groups, several of the species are considered as the most important causes of dubious or invalid taxa. Results of recent EU this lack of information (VAN DER SPOEL, funded research projects such as STRAT- 1994). The eastern Mediterranean zooplank- EGY as well as compiled works for a few ton have been distinctly understudied until countries have been considered in this update the second half of the 20th century while a i.e. LAKKIS (1984; 1990), LAKKIS & ZEI- large number of species of Atlantic origin DANE (1988; 2004), LAKKIS et al. (1990; found in the Western Basin during the past 1996; 2002), MALT et al. (1989) (Lebanon); century have been reported without any at- SIMONI et al. (2003) (Italy), VILLA et al. tempt to discriminate if their presence was (2001) (Spain), KORAY (2002) (Turkey). due to natural water exchange or human One of the latest findings is the planktonic mediation. Moreover, the huge increase of diatom Skeletonema tropicum which was

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | found for the first time in the Gulf of Naples, Conclusions in the autumn of 2002 (SARNO et al., 2005) and seems to be established in the Gulf. The number of alien biota in the Mediter- ranean appears to be underestimated. Some 9. Phytobenthos hot spot areas for possible species intro- A well studied group with many repre- ductions such as the coast of the Levantine sentatives. Easy access to alien plants and basin, North Africa coasts, big commercial high level of expertise at Mediterranean harbours and estuarine areas are not well scale has resulted in the recognition of a high studied. The biased scientific interest to- number of aliens especially in transitional wards taxa with well-known taxonomy and waters (west Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea established historical distribution records lagoons). However, many species considered (e.g. benthic organisms, fish) coupled with as introduced in literature are under criticism. the chaos in nomenclature and fragmentary To a great extend this was due to the chaos and sporadic information have lead to a pos- in nomenclature and literature. The issue is sible underestimation of the extent of aliens’ partly resolved in a recent review (CORMA- presence particularly of the small, less-con- CI et al., 2004) which is further updated in spicuous, less-studied species. Thus, despite the current work. The establishment success the collective effort, the information present- still remains unclear for some records. Dis- ed in these annotated lists depends greatly on crepancies were brought forward among spe- the taxonomic group examined. cialists and the results of the ALIENS project On-going monitoring studies along the (VERLAQUE et al., 2005). However, genet- coasts of the Mediterranean reveal continu- ics along with mophological studies are ex- ous changes in the biodiversity of the region pected to further clarify the situation. For and evidence new alien species. At the same example, Asparagopsis taxiformis is a red time genetics becomes an increasingly pow- alga, originally described from an Egyptian erful tool in further investigating the identity specimen (DELILE, 1813), but considered and origin of many species that, constitute a cosmopolitan member of subtropical and complexes of what may be cryptogenic or tropical communities worldwide. A debate sibling (closely related) species. Most stud- has risen whether the species is introduced, ies focus on ecological problems and omit or native. In this work, Asparagopsis taxi- the precise identification of species collected. formis is proposed to be excluded (tethyan This is mainly due to the lack of funding for relict), along with Acanthophora naydafor- supporting essentially systematic studies and mis although they are considered as invasive concomitantly the extinction of taxonomists. by some Mediterranean specialists. Genetic Over the last 5 years the scientific inter- studies in A. taxiformis have demonstrated est on alien species in the Mediterranean has that several strains co-occur in the Mediterra- revived and many new aliens are recorded nean and one of them is definitely introduced each year. Within 2006, at least ten new al- (ANDREAKIS et al., 2004). The same situa- ien species have been recorded, nine of them tion applies for Desmarestia viridis; it is be- in the eastern Mediterranean. Services like lieved that the strains reported in the coastal the new on-line journal “Aquatic Invasions” lagoons have been introduced with oysters (http://www.aquaticinvasions.ru), ensure a imported from NE Atlantic or NW Pacific rapid publication and communication of new (M. Verlaque pers. commun.). findings. In order to maintain a valid list of the alien species in the Mediterranean, it becomes necessary to ensure its continuous updating and revision and promote more systematic

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | efforts supported by modern taxonomical tributions to this project are gratefully ac- tools such as genetics. knowledged.

Addendum Fish: Daniel Golani (Israel); Adib Saad (Syr- ia), Maria Corsini-Foka (Greece) After the original deadline of December Mollusca: Baki Yokes (Turkey); Serhat Al- 2005, additional alien species have been rec- bayrak (Turkey); Jose Templado (Spain) ognized. The following 10 species are just Amphipoda: Denise Bellan-Santini (France); those that came to our attention. These are: Sandro Ruffo (Italy) Foraminifera: Baki Yokes (Turkey); Ahuva a. the Indo-Pacific crab Charybdis feriata Almogi-Labin (Israel) caught in a gillnet off Barcelona (ABEL- Porifera: Eleni Voultsiadou (Greece); Jean LÓ & HISPANO, 2006) Vacelet (France) b. the isopod Cymothoa indica parasitizing Pycnogonida: Valerio Bartolino (Italy); mainly barracudas (Sphyraenidae) from Roger Bamber (U.K.) Lebanon (TRILLES & BARICHE, 2006) Ascidia: Alfonso Ramos (Spain) c. the parasitic cymothoid isopod Ani- Zooplankton: Sami Lakkis (Lebanon); Ah- locra pilchardi n. sp., from off Lebanon (BARICHE & TRILLES, 2006) met Kideys (Turkey); Ioanna Siokou-Frangou d. the western Atlantic ascidian Distaplia (Greece); Jean Paul Casanova (France) bermudensis, found for the first time in Phytoplankton: Fernando Gómez (France), 2000 at Taranto (Ionian Sea, southern Ita- Sami Lakkis (Lebanon); Kalliopi Pagou, Ol- ly), where an abundant population of colo- ympia Gotsis-Skretas (Greece) nies is now present (MASTROTOTARO Phytobenthos: Inger Wallentinus (Sweden), & BRUNETTI, 2006); Athanasios Athanasiadis (Sweden); Jose e. the Indo-Pacific mantis shrimpClorida al- Rico (Spain); Marc Verlaque (France). bolitura from Ashdod, Israel (AHYONG & GALIL, 2006); References f. the needle-spined urchin Diadema setosum from off Kaş peninsula, Turkey (YOKES ABELLÓ, P. & HISPANO, C., 2006. The & GALIL, 2006); capture of the Indo-Pacific crab Charyb- g. the fish Platax teira captured off Bo- dis feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brachyura: drum (S. Turkey), possibly a speci- Portunidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. men escaped from aquaculture facilities Aquatic Invasions, 1 (1): 13-16. http:// (BILECENOĞLU & KAYA, 2006); www.aquaticinvasions.ru/2006/AI_ h. the fishParupeneus forsskali, from Tasuηu 2006_1_1_Abello_Hispano.pdf (Levantine coast of Turkey) (ÇINAR et al., AHYONG, S.T. & GALIL, B.S., 2006. First 2006); Mediterranean record of the Indo-West i. the fish Nemipterus japonicus from Haifa Pacific mantis shrimp,Clorida albolitura Bay (GOLANI & SONIN, 2006) and Ahyong & Naiyanetr, 2000 (Stomatopo- j. the fish Decapterus russelli from Haifa da, Squillidae). Aquatic Invasions, 1(3): Bay (GOLANI, 2006) 191-193. Aleem, A.A., 1948. The recent migration Acknowledgements of certain Indopacific algae from the Red Sea into the Mediterranean. New Phytol- Taxonomic expertise for identifying or- ogist, 47: 88–94. ganisms was provided by the following in- Aleem, A.A., 1950. Some new records of dividuals, whose generous efforts and con- marine algae from the Mediterranean Sea

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/01/2020 08:30:29 | with reference to their geographical dis- l’étude des Cumacés de la Méditerranée tribution. Acta Horti Gothoburgensis, 18: et particulièrement des côtes d’Israel. 276-288. Rapports et Procès-Verbaux des Réun- Aleem, A.A., 1993. Marine algae of Alex- ions. Commission Internationale pour andria. Privately published, Alexandria, l’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer 135p. Méditerranée 16: 496-502. Algaebase homepage: http://www. Bacescu, M., 1961b. Contribution à la algaebase.org connaissance des Tanaidaces de la Médi- Amphipoda homepage. http://web. terranée Orientale -1. Les Apseudidae et odu.edu/sci/biology/jrh/whatis.html Kalliapseudidae des côtes d’Israel. Bul- ANDREAKIS, N., PROCACCINI, G. & letin of the Research Council of Israel (B) KOOISTRA, W.H.C.F, 2004. Aspara- 10 (4): 137-170. gopsis taxiformis and Asparagopsis ar- Balata, D., Piazzi, L., & Cinelli, F., mata (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta): 2004. A comparison among assemblages genetic and morphological identification in areas invaded by Caulerpa taxifolia of Mediterranean population. European and C. racemosa on a subtidal Mediter- Journal of Phycologie 39: 273–283. ranean rocky bottom. Marine Ecology ARGANO, R., FERRARA, F., GUGLIEL- 25(1): 1–13. MO, L., RIGGIO, S. & RUFFO, S., 1995. Balavoine, P., 1959. Bryozoaires. Mis- Crustacea Malacostraca II. (Tanaidacea, sion Robert Ph. Dollfus en Egypte Isopoda, Amphipoda, Euphausiacea). In: (Décembre 1927 – Mars 1929). p.257- Minelli A., Ruffo S., La Posta S. (eds.), 282. In: Résultats Scientifiques, 3e partie Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, (XXIII-XXXIV), edited by S.S.Al Sayad, 30. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 50 pp. Paris, CNRS. Arnaud, F., 1987. Les Pycnogonides Barash, A. & Danin, Z., 1977. Additions (Chelicerata) de la Méditerranée: distri- to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollus- bution écologique, bathymétrique et bi- ca in the Mediterranean. Conchiglie, 13 ogéographie. Mésogée, 47: 37-58. (5-6): 85-116. Athanasiadis, A., 1987. A survey of Barash, A. & Danin, Z., 1986. Further the seaweeds of the Aegean Sea with additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pa- taxonomic studies on species of the tribe cific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea. Antithamnieae (Rhodophyta). Thesis, Spixiana, 9 (2): 117-141. Goterna, Kunga 1v, 174 pp. BARICHE, M. & TRILLES, J.P., 2006. Ani- Athanasiadis, A., 2002. Taxonomy and locra pilchardi n.sp., a new parasitic cy- systematics of Rhodophyta with refer- mothoid isopod from off Lebanon (East- ence to the Mediterranean taxa. Flora ern Mediterranean). Systematic Parasi- Mediterranea, 12: 93-166. tology, 64: 203-214. AYSEL, V., 1984. Türkiye’nin Ege Barnich, R. & Fiege, D., 2003. The Aph- Denizi’ndeki Polysiphonia Greville roditoidea (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) türleri 1- Mediterranean Sea. Abhandlungen der Bölüm Oligosiphonia. Doga Bilim Der- Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden gisi, 8: 29-42 (in Turkish). Gesellschaft, 559: 1-167. AYSEL, V., 1997. Marine flora of Turk- Basterrextea, G., GarcÉs, E., Jor- ish Mediterranean coast 2. Brown algae di, A., Maso, M. & Tintore, J., 2005. (Fucophyceae = Phaeophyceae). Turkish Breeze conditions as a favouring mecha- Journal of Botany, 21: 329-334. nism of Alexandrium taylori blooms at a Bacescu, M., 1961a. Contribution a

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