91LMPF dOR41! RthdAkI'T ITfth (Ti )hTHE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

M+e*tr 8017A' qAPipnil J ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY TOh14 'qj *TE 1770 liMb hflql IL+tP Post Office Box 1770 Addls Ababa Ethiopia atSPai h..s ';,v. A177 eitn Cable Addrex Hlghways Addis Ababa *tai7 21158 YI8I *TC 551-71-70/79 Telex 211880 Tel. No. 551-71-70/79 Public Disclosure Authorized 4)h 251-11-5514866 Fax 251-11-554866 I _C_ Ret. No. M C, I nL ______AddlsAbaba MCAevc 1 32 20031

Ato Negede Lewi Senior Transport Specialist World Bank Country Office Addis Ababa ----- Ethiopia Public Disclosure Authorized Subject: APL 1 - Submission of final RAPs

Dear Ato Negede,

As per the provisions of the timeframe set for the pre - appraisal and appraisal of the APL IlIl Projects, namely:

4. Aposto - Wendo - Negelle,

Public Disclosure Authorized 5. Gedo - Nekemte, 6. Gondar - Debark, and 4. Yalo - Dallol, we are hereby submitting, in both hard and soft copies, the final resettlement action plans (RAPs) of the Projects, for your information and consumption, addressing / incorporating the comments received at different stages from the Bank.

Since Hy, ( /z0i 1/1 Public Disclosure Authorized

ZAIO WOLDE GEBRIEL - :e Eth .9pian Roads Authority j ')irec:or General ; , RP510 v 3 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY

GONDAR - DEBARK ROAD PROJECT GRANT NO. H049-ET

F I N A L RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) FEBRUARY 2007

SCANNED FILE COPY `V :cession No. Box No. -(F N Date 2 |Z jp Log# Acion |CC FILE (Co/alpha/Pname or #) Ln/Cr GR/TF ESW Co/Rg Adm Proc

JOINT VENTURE un%U Kocks Consult GmbH Metaferia Consulting GO N DAR - DEBARK S j ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paae

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... i ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...... iii

EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... A

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background to the Project ...... 1 1.2 Contractual Background ...... 2 1.3 Scope of Services ...... 2 1.4 Objectives of the RAP ...... 3 1.5 Location and Brief Description of the Project Road ...... 4 1.6 Socio-economic Condition of the Project Area ...... 6 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 9 2.1 National Policy and Strategies ...... 9 2.1.1 The Constitution ...... 9 2.1.2 Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE) ...... 9 2.1.3 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ...... 10 2.1.4 Sectoral Environmental Policies ...... 10 2.1.5 Land Tenure ...... 11 2.1.6 Proclamation No.455/2005 ...... 12 2.2 Environmental Legislation Framework ...... 12 2.2.1 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs ...... 12 2.2.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 12 2.2.3 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control ...... 13 2.3 Institutional and Administrative Framework ...... 13 2.3.1 Federal and Regional Administration ...... 13 2.3.2 Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) ...... 13 2.3.3 Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) ...... 14 2.3.4 Regional and Local Government Bodies ...... 14 2.3.5 Environmental Protection Unit ...... 14 2.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority's Policy Framework ...... 14 2.4.1 ERA Environmental Procedures Manual ...... 14 2.4.2 ERA ResettlementI Rehabilitation Policy Framework ...... 15 3. METHODOLOGY ...... 16 3.1 General Remarks on the RAP Implementation Planning ...... 16 3.2 Entitlement ...... 16 3.3 Land Requirements ...... 17 3.3.1 Land Requirement for Realignment ...... 17 3.3.2 Land Requirement for temporary Roads ...... 18 3.3.3 Land Requirement for Quarries and Borrow Pits ...... 18 3.3.4 Land Requirement for Camp Sites ...... 18 3.4 Compensation Considerations ...... 18 3.4.1 Compensation for Houses and Fences ...... 18 3.4.2 Compensation for Standing Crops ...... 19 3.4.3 Compensation for Loss of permanent Crops and Trees ...... 19 3.4.4 Compensation for Loss of Grazing Land ...... 19 3.4.5 Compensation for other Structures ...... 20 3.4.6 Land Replacement ...... 20 3.4.7 Services (Utilities) ...... 20 , .. - ..I . - GO N DAR - DE BARK KOKOCKS X6 ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Table of Contents. continued

Page

3.5 Methods of Valuing affected Assets and lost Income Basis ...... 21 3.5.1 General Notes on Consultant's Approach ...... 21 3.5.2 Right-of-Way ...... 21 3.5.3 Valuation of Constructions and other Structures ...... 22 3.5.4 Temporary Dispossession of agricultural Land ...... 23 3.5.5 Permanent Dispossession of agricultural Land ...... 24 3.5.6 Valuation of affected Trees ...... 26 3.5.7 Discount Rate ...... 26 3.6 Width of Corridor ...... 26 3.7 Cost Estimate ...... 28 3.8 Eligibility Criteria ...... 28 3.9 RAP Implementation Committee ...... 29 3.10 Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 30 3.11 Implementation Procedure for the RAP ...... 31 4. RAP IMPEMENTATION PLANNING OF THE GONDAR - DEBARK ROAD ...... 33 4.1 Collection and Review of available existing Documentation and Data ...... 33 4.2 Sociological Field Surveys and Inventories ...... 33 4.3 Cadastral Survey ...... 35 4.4 Detail socio-economic Survey ...... 35 4.5 Public Consultation / Town Meetings ...... 36 4.6 Valuation of Land Compensation Requirements ...... 36 4.6.1 Refinement of Valuation Method ...... 36 4.6.2 Valuation of Land Loss ...... 37 4.6.3 Calculation of affected Structures ...... 37 4.6.4 Valuation of affected Trees ...... 38 4.6.5 Compensation Requirements ...... 38 4.7 Estimated Cost for Compensation ...... 39 4.8 Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 39 4.9 RAP Disclosure ...... 40 4.10 RAP Implementation Schedule ...... 40

APPENDIX 1 Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA and RAP 2 The World Bank Operational Policies 4.12 3 Organisations and Individuals contacted during the sociological Field Surveys 4 Minutes of Meetings 5 Yields and Prices for Cost Estimation 6 List of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) 7 References GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS __ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADLI Agricultural Development-Led Industrialisation AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome APL Adapted Programme Lending a.s.l. above sea level COWI-T-97/99 Gondar-Mereb Road Upgrading Project, Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document Preparation, 1997/1999, COWI-TCDE Joint Venture of Lyngby/Denmark in association with G. Teare + M. Tedros. CSA Central Statistical Authority DBSD Double Bituminous Surface Dressing DED District Engineering Division E.C. Ethiopian Calendar e.g. exempli gratia = for instance / for example EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIA-2006 Review of ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, May 2006, Joint Venture 'Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany and Metaferia Consulting Engineers of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia' EMSB Environmental Management and Safety Branch EPA Environmental Protection Authority ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority ETB Ethiopian Birr, the national currency etc. et cetera FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FIDIC Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs-Conseils 4-WD Four-wheel-drive FS-2006 Review of FEASIBILITY STUDY, June 2006, Joint Venture 'Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany and Metaferia Consulting Engineers of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia' ha Hectare HH Household HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICB International Competitive Bidding IDA International Development Association i.e. id est = that is to say OP Operational Policies p.a. per annum = per year PAP Project Affected Person RAP Resettlement Action Plan ref. Reference (to) ROW Right-of-Way RSDP Road Sector Development Programme SIA Social Impact Assessment SMNP Simien Mountains National Park STI Sexually Transmitted Infection TOR Terms of Reference UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS ROAD PROJECT I N GE N I E UR E

EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

Background to the Project The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia represented by the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) endeavours to upgrade the Gondar - Debark Road in order to meet the requirements of the increased socio-economic activities along the project road corridor. The proposed upgrading and construction of the Project Road will have essential benefits to the Nation's economy as well as to the environment including: . promotion and enhancement of social and economic development along the Project Road corridor and its catchment area respectively; * significant improvement of the general condition of Ethiopia's road network; * reduced vehicle operating cost (e.g. fuel consumption, maintenance cost); . increased road safety; * reduced travel time and greater comfort to motorists; * reduced noise and air pollution

Objective of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is prepared in order to minimize any adverse effect that might incur on the people living along the road corridor. In its specific form the RAP is aimed at assessing the likely impact of the proposed road project on people and their properties; inventorising the number of affected people and size of properties; conduct public consultation to incorporate the attitudes of people on compensation and resettlement activities; and estimation of the amount of cost required to compensate for the affected properties.

Approaches and Methodology In preparing the RAP different methods have been used. Reviewing the existing policy, legal and other relevant documents was the first task done before embarking on field level activities. During the field level operation a series of consultation sessions were made with appropriate stakeholders to incorporate their views in all phases of the RAP preparation. A cadastral survey done with the technical team is the main source in identifying all the affected properties. Names, type and size of properties are attached with the report.

Proiect Description and Justification The Gondar-Debark road forms part of the Bahir Dar to Axum route corridor and, apart from localized connectivity it provides between the two trip ends, serves as alternative access to major Ethiopia's travel and tourist destinations, comprising sites of natural, historic as well as cultural heritages. Travel and tour destinations, situated in the northern part of the Country along 'the historic tourism route', comprise the town of Bahir Dar and the Lake Tana areas located south of Project Road, the medieval city of Gondar and the Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP). Farther north of the Project Road, some 350km from Gondar, is the ancient town of Axum. These tourist attraction sites, notably Gondar, Axum and SMNP, are amongst the UNESCO enlisted World Heritage Sites Ethiopia offers to the world The existing road was originally built with a Telford base and penetration macadam during the Italian occupation between 1936 and 1940. The road was constructed mainly by manual labour, and with the aim to limit the size/height of major drainage structures as well as to minimize earthworks, its alignment follows closely the contours of the natural ground, resulting in a horizontal alignment with narrow curves in the mountainous and hilly sections an thp rnn hAnr1 hilt Alcr in rni naiu,intln rirnrlionr-c (nrF-irnvni vi-.- rn,-- 0 r. F-k- - 4 )GO N DgAR -DEBARK KODCKS ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

Project Location Map

hrI.uiean iERITREA,v' I AAlUu dafl1 .f *j' Dhwn& YgMEN E . A,,,* :) f.1.- ' ¼ gub tah .§i,v :; rnm;- ,MpaS -'Jr ; Mooa ,TaqZ i enS T'E; -' r| ' ,t7 SYgdiatV *-> LIKQsff %{wh 1 Dw- la57| A - - FL 'IJ"Ž G~~~Conde .. lo.~ ~ Z~

> r- - -- |-II - -t -y- r --- -""'CtloAkr--'r--$jj Behr DdOr Deme T ,bor rVkhiYe '- r t n F - , . oenguie- .g 0 DeOr- j 4 . Ujiboud J O>5}f a o.43 r Dead P-t-.

L TE U PAdd1mb Ermb

< ~~~~Dembt Dol HAge'e H"-P1 e b X- Zi

h F413er0 WCs ETHIOPIA I - p3 OG DEN , )

e - - ( J - - g - I- - Die ,,f -- - AftER c e

: 4., . -u

.~~ ... . *D'' !- hia t- - - - T . I ' I - --- -

Au,T |.asDashenA -- u ;nre' - .Z , -.S-, l lt-.1n* :t'¼. -I rba TaO. ,,, I ek- - - AberjeleO

., :O - JA [ -n f '. - .- A V,.-w-- .6-n.r- i( . - i ' -. ..- 4

S U b4 tyidy aka

fl- / ' r t

-! ,. ,. .g . s -,ay -- ,- I - ..! r,gjA

FAie"" i *r ;s do

;~~ ~ ~~~>,X * -a"enA.- ; :iba , , n,,,,.b I ,uarrtu,,. ------alo Mjba&L. A -S ;- * u > ahar Dar~fa,- 1,M aw>s, ,,-->>

I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .,W# ~- IL '*.F/~ j A, . -*1 -.. >

'K /A . M.*0

- -D e; n.yU

7V ,- 7 '' v"'~D B R

N r..rt." hkm 3&ma-,. DhA 'ok.r - .

A e\ I ArnbiGeorgs . . r"DVokeaem J'4 .'KA G6NDARra sd.cyI /

N~" / 4- j a 'I ~ ? 4rbGog1a !.'~"J 4 ', okADm 4 4 ~-A

7~ 7 9q>'.0 / L-*NN GONDAR -DEBARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

The Project Road is a major link providing access to a large part of the Amahra Region and a short cut to important agricultural and tourist areas in the Simien Mountains. At present, the poor state of most sections of the road imposes difficulties and heavy costs in the movement of goods and people. As a result, the road's condition hinders national and sub- regional development and integration. The Project Road starts at the Martyrs Square in Gondar, the big roundabout 720m from the Gondar Telecom building at the centre of the Town, and it ends after 103 km (existing road length) shortly after the Debark town passage. The initial bituminous surface has completely deteriorated with a few patches of it remaining only and the existing road has reverted to gravel standard. The road condition can be described as generally poor.

Socio-economic Descriltion of the Proiect Area As per the data secured from the Woreda level agriculture offices the Gondar and Debark areas show intensive agricultural use of 95% with about 65% crop cultivation, 20% grassland, 10% tree plantations and bush & shrub land and a remaining approximately 5% portion which cannot be utilized (e.g. rocky areas). From the agro-ecological and socio-ecological point of view the Gondar - Debark area is relatively homogenous. The area is situated in the Highland zone between 2,200m and 3,000m a.s.l. and falls in the agro-ecological category of 'Dega zone'. Rainfall between 900 and 1,500 mm/year and temperatures of less than 160C in average characterize this zone, which has been intensively cultivated. The Dega zone is also relatively free from vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria. For these reasons the highest concentration of population occurs in the Amhara region. Agriculture is the main basis of livelihood (85%) in the Amhara region. The highland agriculture system is characterized by the intensification of crop and livestock production and livestock husbandry is an important source of food, cash income and insurance against crop failure. The main cereals produced in the area are wheat, millet, barley and teff. The soils are very susceptible to soil erosion with high rates of soil loss. In most cases the agricultural practices can be categorized as a subsistence level. There are extremely few non-farm activities for rural dwellers. In the towns most of the activities are also limited to small-scale private trade and crafting. Except in Gondar the other towns do not have any large-scale industrial establishment. In terms of administrative boundary, the road falls in to Gondar special zone and three other Woredas that include Wegera, Dabat and Debark. The major town centres are Gondar, Amba Georgis, Dabat and Debark. The entire road falls in North Gondar Zone of the Amhara Regional State. Ethnic Groups and Religion The largest majority of the population in the Gondar-Debark road corridor are Amhara and adhere to Orthodox Christian faith. Hardly any other ethnic group with different religious belief exists in the rural areas while in towns like Gondar there are people who belong to other ethnic group with different faith. Leaal and Institutional Framework Article 40.3 of the Ethiopian Constitution states the public ownership of both rural and urban land as well as all natural resources. It further states that land is the common property of the Ethiopian people and cannot be subject to sale or to other means of exchange. Moreover, ownership of land is vested in the State and the people while rural and urban dwellers have only use rights over land. Further, Article 44.2 of the Constitution indicates that interventions for public goods that cause the displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the local population shall give the right to commensurate monetary or other means of compensation including relocation (resettlement) with adequate State assistance. Proclamation no. 455/2005 is the latest and most relevant legal document in relation to GO NDAR - DEBARK KOCKS \-.- ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E UR E

whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall in addition to the compensation, be paid for his displacement an amount equivalent to ten times the average income he secured during the preceding past five years. For a landholder whose land provisionally expropriated shall be paid for lost income, based on the average annual income secured for the preceding five years, until he/she repossesses the land. In both cases the valuation formula for determining additional compensation (like for permanent land improvement) is not yet officially enacted. Those individuals who get a land replacement shall be rewarded with the amount equivalent to the average annual income secured during the preceding five years. As per the proclamation an urban landholder whose land holding has been expropriated shall be provided, apart from the estimated payment for the lost house, with a plot of urban land to construct a house and be paid a displacement compensation equivalent to the annual rent of the demolished house or be allowed to live in a public house without rent for one year. In order to conduct an effective and full-fledged compensation for project-affected individuals, the enactment of the subsequent regulations and policies is essential. Yet none of these two important additional legal documents are officially issued. The broad framework with in the Proclamation no 455/2005 shall, however, continue to be binding in implementing the compensation activities in Gondar - Debark Road Project. The above legal provisions have a strong relevance to the resettlement action plan that the ERA undertakes while involved in road projects. The provisions in the constitution clearly states Government's obligation not only to compensate for the works on land created by the labour and capital of land users but also to compensate for the lost land through resettling the affected individuals/communities by the state programs with adequate assistance. The World Bank policy framework (OP 4.12) as adopted by the ERA also has the following provisions: Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. (WB Operational Policies 4.12:1, see APPENDIX 2) This RAP has been prepared in recognition of the provisions stated in both the Country's laws and The World Bank's guideline. Nevertheless, where there is conflict the Bank's provisions must take precedence.

Potential ImDacts of the Road Proiect The major possible impacts of the proposed Gondar - Debark Road Project is due to the land needed for widening/realigning the existing road and for other purposes like temporary roads (detours, access roads), quarrying, borrow pit and camping/camp sites. There are, however, both positive and negative impacts as described below. Positive Impacts The proposed road improvement/upgrading will have impacts that are manifested in the form of reductions in vehicle operating, transport and timing cost. The road will also improve the transport facility and eventually introduces general socio economic dynamism to the life of the people who are now living at no more than subsistence level. In specific form the following impacts are expected from the road improvement/upgrading: - Improved trade and market facilities - Affecting the transaction costs in favour of the local economy - Increasing the availability of agricultural inputs - Attracting investments and business there by employment creation - Improving the social services like health, education, water supply I^k Ara!,Firn..- i-., rr-ir4 - ir. GO N DAR - DE BARK KO C KS J ROAD PROJECT I N GE N I E U R E

Negative Impacts Though the merit of the road by far outweighs its demerit it will not be free from creating the following negative impacts: - Introducing and exacerbating the problem of communicable diseases like STIs and HIV/AIDS - Attracting squatter settlements in the town sections - Noise and dust pollution (during construction) - Creating temporary discomfort on passage ways for humans and animals - Affecting farm lands through soil dumping, etc. - Land dispossession and demolishing of houses - Additional pressures on local social services

Impacts on Rural Sections With regards to the existing engineering design (ref. COWI-T-97/99) with realignment and improvement sections and determined modifications for further optimisation the horizontal and vertical alignment for the improvement/upgrading of the Project Road different sizes/areas of land are required in different locations to accommodate the new/improved alignment sections. During the field surveys an assessment has been made on the significance of impacts due the new alignments. Accordingly, it was found that the extent of impacts varies across different realignment sections. In a few cases the land required for realignment entails the dispossession of a some portion of crop/grazing lands together with trees, passage ways, drainage structures and animal movement corridors. In other cases the impact is limited to the dispossession of small size of land or the displacement of a few road side houses, which is assumed to be contained with local level means and with modest outside support. The total size of agricultural land affected permanently and temporarily is 400 and 570 hectares respectively.

Impacts on Urban Sections The existing engineering design (ref. COWI-T-97/99) for the Gondar - Debark road has avoided any realignment in the urban sections of the project area so as not to cause relocation of houses and disturb the existing socio-economic facilities. Accordingly, in all of the major villages and towns located along the Project Road no significant disruption of the existing status is expected due to the improvement of the existing road. In fact improvements in terms of drainage facilities, pedestrian walkways (where applicable) and others have been included in the proposed road improvement/upgrading as part of benefit enhancement measures for residents of the towns. A total of 37 housing units (32 fully and 5 partially) will be affected by the road construction in the main town centres indicated above.

Impacts on Services (Utilities) In close consultation with the respective owners (e.g. public utility authorities) the existing services (utilities), such as drains, underground and overhead telephone and electricity lines, ducts, poles, water mains, fittings, etc. that will be affected by the Project have been investigated. Subsequently, the required measures for either protection or relocation of such services have been determined and a cost estimate is prepared accordingly. In terms of utilities, an electric line of 4,000 meters, a telephone line of 2,500 meters and a water pipe line of 3,000 meters will be affected. Vulnerable Groups The RAP implementation is expected to have special consideration for such vulnerable groups as elderly, female headed households and disabled people. The Kebele administration is obliged to consider their special status and provide help during relocation. Their relocation site should not worsen their problem, and instead facilitate easy communication and access to services and utilities. This needs close monitorino on thp nart GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

EligibilityCriteria Eligibility for compensation and any claim is subject to a cut off date set during the socio economic field survey. Following the completion of the socio economic survey, the inventory of properties was completed on 15 November 2006. This date is the cut off date beyond which no claim should be entertained for compensation Land Requirement for temporary Works Land required for detours and access roads to quarries and borrow pits is expected to temporarily dispossess certain crop land, grazing land or trees. Due to scarcity of cultivable land as well as for environmental reasons the reinstatement of these areas of land is a basic requirement of the present RAP implementation planning and is considered in the preparation of the tender/bidding documents of the present Project. 570 hectares of land will be affected temporarily for purposes like detour, campsite, quarry site, borrow pit. Summary of Main Findings As per the cadastral survey conducted along the Gondar-Debark road corridor, 1,500 families will be affected at different degrees. A total of 400 hectares of land will be dispossessed permanently while about 570 hectares of land will also be affected for temporary use like for detours and borrow pits. In citing this figure caution should be made that a person who may lose a single tree and an individual who may lose considerable part of his land are included with in the same project affected people category. Besides, with further refinement of the road design the figure is quite subject for amendment in due course. The following table summarizes the major findings. 1 Location North Western (A) Region Amhara (B) Zone North Gondar 2 Road length existing/new 103 km / 100 km 3 Status Upgrading from gravel to bituminous standard 4 Road functional classification Link road 5 Proposed surfacing type DBSD/AC 6 Number of project affected households 1,500 (150 female headed and 1,350 male headed) incl. 381 PAPs of affected houses 7 Total number of project affected persons 7,500 8 Institutional buildings to be affected 0 9 (a) Houses + Tukuls that will be affected fully 39 + 9 = 48 (b) Houses that will be affected partially 9 ____ (c) Total number of PAPs in Houses + Tukuls 381 10 Total number of structures to be affected None 11 Loss of agricultural lands permanently 400 hectares 12 Loss of lands temporarily (including detours) 570 hectares 13 Loss of fruit trees land permanently 0 hectares 1-4 Total number of trees to be affected 5,000 15 Electric lines to be affected 4,000m 16 Telephone lines to be affected 2,500m 17 Water pipes to be affected (2.5 and 3 inches) 3,000m

Compensation Entitlements In line with the main principle held by The World Bank, the project affected people are entitled to the compensation that will enable them to restore their livelihood to at least the pre-project situation. Accordingly the affected persons along the Gondar - Debark road will hp. Pntitl^rl t.^ vAriniicz t-vncz .^f rnmnancnfinn :nrl r-acn-FFI-nnf-n c--, -rk^-F l rA|ol- -k GO NDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > x # ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I EU R E

Entitlement Matrix Type of Application Beneficiaries Compensation Issue for affected Principles Consideration Property/Loss 1. Permanent All affected Farmers who - As much as possible - Identify land for compen- loss of land land located claim the land for land sation with in close along the usufruct right replacement proximity project corridor - Where land is scarce - Lost crops need to be (including full compensation as per compensated in line with ROW, camp suggestion made in this the suggestion made in the site, etc.) RAP and in consideration RAP and the proclamation. to proclamation - List of all affected land 455/2005 and households is required - Participation of PAPs in the compensation process 2. Temporary All affected Peasants who Provide full com- - List down all affected loss of land land along the claim the pensation as per the land and house holds road corridor usufruct right suggestion in the RAP. It - Reinstate the land used (especially is different from the for temporary use by the being used for compensation for Project, like detours and de tour, borrow permanent loss borrow pits, so that pit and for peasants can reclaim the other land. temporary use - Compensate for benefit forgone during the construction period 3. Loss of All affected - Persons who - Full compensation at a - List of al affected residential housing units own the replacement value and structures and households area/house located with in houses in line with the - Compensation received the road - Tenants suggestion of this RAP by Kebeles or others need corridor - Persons who and the proclamation to be used to construct has a legal - Provision of an equiva- houses for the affected claim for any lent accommodation to people structures similar rent or a 3 month rent compen- sation - Relocate houses within close proximity with minimum disruption to the original life style 4. Loss of Houses being - Owners of the - Full compensation to - List of all commercial commercial use for business the owner activities and business commercial houses - Relocating the - Help people in finding activities purposes along - Tenants business to similar suitable location to the project location needed and, for continue with their corridor tenants, to similar rent business. Location matters in sustaining the business 5. Loss of trees Trees located Land user, Full compensation as per -Inventory of all types of on the land concession suggestion on this RAP trees (eucalyptus, required for holder, and other current indigenous, etc.) the road, squatters, parameters used by -Local support might be infrastructure, communities, local agriculture office needed for people to get camp, quarry, government seedlings to replant trees borrow, etc etc 6. Loss of As for Vulnerable Full compensation as per Mandatory consideration of above types respective groups principles nos. 1 to 6 issues nos. 1 to 6 with nos. 1 to 6 applications plus special assistance special attention to the nos. 1 to 6 by the RAP needs of the vulnerable implementation committee Note: Eligibility strictly follows the cut off date as a threshold for entertaining any claim. GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Implementation of RAP and Monitoring Plan The RAP prepared for the Gondar - Debark Road Project will be implemented and managed by the ERA Right-of-Way Branch together with the local authorities. This RAP has included a monitoring plan. The ERA Environmental Management and Safety Branch (EMSB) and the ROW Branch will be responsible to monitor and evaluate the entire process. Issues to be monitored include: - Compensation process (adequacy, timeliness, inclusiveness of the PAPs in the process, etc.); - Restoration of livelihood and restitution of PAPs; - Appropriateness of the schedule for compensation and restoration; - Restoration of the public infrastructures and social services; - The need for special support and assistance made to vulnerable groups (like women household heads, disabled, old people, etc.); - Appropriateness and existence of redress mechanisms for grievances and complaints. ERA through the EMSB will assign appropriate professionals to keep track of evaluations of PAPs re-establishment and their socio-economic progress. Timely evaluation will be done like on a quarterly basis for two years and annually for the last two years. Socio-economic evaluation will be based on comparison to pre-project situations using a number of key indices for selected households. The monitoring report by ERA EMSB staff together with the RAP Implementing Committee will be prepared. Besides, monthly, quarterly and annual progress reports will be prepared during the implementation/construction of the Project and the supervision respectively. Budget Estimates As per the assessment of the impact of the proposed road, the costs for compensation and the implementation of the RAP have been estimated as follows. (i) Compensation cost for the 'Site of the permanent Works' comprising permanent and temporary dispossession of land (with crops, trees, etc.), relocation of houses and structures (e.g. fences, walls): Estimated Cost ETB 1,130,000.00 Add 15% for Contingencies ETB 170,000.00 Add 15% for Price Escalation ETB 200,000.00 Subtotal 1 ETB 1,500,000.00 (ii) Compensation for the site establishment (contractor's and engineer's office & houses): Estimated Cost ETB 303,000.00 Add 15% for Contingencies ETB 45,000.00 Add 15% for Price Escalation ETB 52,000.00 Subtotal 2 ETB 400,000.00 (iii) Compensation cost for dispossession of land as part of the Site included in Bill No. 1, General Provisions, in the Bill of Quantities of the Works Contract (comprising permanent and temporary dispossession for e.g. detours, access/haul roads, borrow pits, quarries, deposit areas) excluding Tax/VAT: Estimated Cost ETB 1,500,000.00 Contractor's overheads (20%) ETB 300,000.00 Add 10% for Contingencies ETB 180,000.00 Subtotal 3 ETB 1,980,000.00 (iv) Relocation of public utility lines included in Bill No. 2, Site Clearance, in the Bill of Quantities of the Works Contract excluding Tax/VAT: Estimated Cost ETB 600,000.00 Contractor's overheads (25%) ETB 150,000.00 Add 10% for Contingencies ETB 75,000.00 Subtotal 4 ETB 825,000.00

Th +,1rvi oS-A--v;- / A rn --- f. . -c -. A-z-1 e ,- A N :- . II I I I II I I I I I I I I - I I I 1 GO N DAR - DEBARKB KOCKS \4, ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Backaround to the Proiect

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) formulated in 1996 a ten-year Road Sector Development Programme (RSDP) for the arterial road network to address one of Ethiopia's main problems hindering economic development.

In 1997 the RSDP was launched with the understanding that the situation of the road network was limited and the state of the roads was in a deplorable condition. The major objective of the RSDP was the improvement of the efficiency of transport operation through the reduction of road transport costs, the provision of accessibility to rural areas and the development of institutional capacity of the road sub-sector at central and regional levels.

Since its implementation, road investments are being realised within the framework of this programme. The first phase of RSDP (1997-2002) represented a significant effort to restore the arterial road network to acceptable conditions, while the second phase (2002-2007) aims to increase the network connectivity and provide a sustainable road infrastructure to rural areas.

As the RSDP is extending up to June 2007 and as there will be a need for developing subsequent programmes in future, the FDRE is preparing more projects for funding by donors or own resources. Individual road projects are selected for inclusion in the RSDP on the basis of need assessment and taking into account traffic levels, road condition, access problems and others.

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia represented by the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) endeavours to upgrade the Gondar - Debark Road in order to meet the requirements of the increased socio-economic activities along the project road corridor. The proposed upgrading and construction of the project road will have essential benefits to the Nation's economy as well as to the environment including: * promotion and enhancement of social and economic development along the project road corridor and its catchment area respectively; * significant improvement of the general condition of Ethiopia's road network; * reduced vehicle operating cost (e.g. fuel consumption, maintenance cost); . increased road safety; * reduced travel time and greater comfort to motorists; - reduced noise and air pollution as well as dust nuisance.

Prior to a final decision for realisation, a detailed feasibility study including environmental and social impact analysis as well as a Resettlement Action Plan will be needed to establish a fully substantiated detailed economic justification for alternate types and levels of upgrading measures and investment strategies appropriate for the Project.

The FDRE has received a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) towards the cost of consultancy services for the present Project comprising the REVIEW OF FEASIBILITY STUDY, REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, PREPARATION OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN, REVIEW OF DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN AND TENDER DOCUMENTS for the GONDAR - DEBARK ROAD PROJECT under the Second Phase of the Road Sector Development GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS ROAD PROJECT I N GE NI EU R E

1.2 Contractual Backaround

The Contract for the consulting services for the 'Review of Feasibility Study, Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan, Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documents for the Gondar - Debark Road Project' between the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) and the Joint Venture of Kocks Consult GmbH - Metaferia Consulting Engineers P.L.C. was signed by the parties on 29 November 2005, which is the date the Contract became effective according to Article 2.1 of the General Conditions of Contract.

1.3 Scone of Services

The Terms of Reference (TOR) and the Contract respectively define in detail the scope of services of the present Project, which shall be carried out in two phases: Phase 1:Review of Feasibility Study, Review of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) (i) Review of Feasibility Study and Review of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Recently, in 2003, a detailed Feasibility Study and an Environmental Impact Assessment Study were prepared for the Gondar - Shire Road' of which the present Project concerns the first approximately 100 km long section. A review and assessment of the existing data and information is required, which will be amended/supplemented and updated by field investigations/surveys and subsequent analysis for the formulation of finalised detailed recommendation, both economical and environmental. (ii) Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) The land acquisition/compensation and resettlement requirements in the right-of-way (ROW) for the proposed upgrading of the project road shall be assessed in accordance with the World Bank's Operational Policy OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement and the ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework respectively. As a result a full Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or an "abbreviated" RAP shall be prepared. Phase 2: Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documents According to the TOR and the Contract respectively, Project Phase 2 shall only commence on the written authorisation of the ERA which will be contingent upon satisfactoy, technical, environmental, financial and economic results in Project Phase 1. Previously, in 1997 to 1999, Detailed Engineering Designs and Tender Documents were prepared for the Gondar - Mereb Road2. These designs and documents were sub-divided into 3 Lots with Lot 1 covering the first 140 km long Gondar - Zarima section, of which the present Project concerns the first approximately 100 km up to Debark town.

Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment of Eighteen Roads (Package B Road Project), Road No. 2 Gondar - Shire, Final Report, May 2003, Systra Sotecni in association with SPT and Panaf Consult. 2 Gondar-Mereb Road Upgrading Project, Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document Preparation, 1997/1999, COWI-TCDE Joint Venture of Lyngby/Denmark in association with C- To:=rn - M T-1-r R OGONDAR A D P - DEBARKKOEC TA I N G E N I E U SR E

With regards to the results and findings of the above mentioned Project Phase 1 a review and assessment of the existing designs is required and necessary amendments/supplements will be made based on field investigations and surveys under the present Project for the subsequent preparation of the finalised detailed design documents. Based on these finalised detailed design documents and the recommendation arising from Project Phase 1 (e.g. EIA, RAP) as well as under consideration of the most recent World Bank and ERA requirements (e.g. ERA Standard Technical Specifications - 2002) the existing tender documents will be reviewed and updated to prepare the final tender/bidding documents for the Project to be executed through the process of International Competitive Bidding (ICB).

1.4 Obiectives of the RAP

The objective of the RAP is to identify and evaluate the potential impacts associated with project implementation and subsequent operation, and the determination of appropriate measures to minimise adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. Most of the mitigation measures are outlined in the Environmental Impact Assessment Report (ref EIA-2006).

With regards to the dense population and the scarcity of cultivable land the major potential impact of the proposed road upgrading project on the socio-economic environment and on the livelihood of the communities respectively is due to the land needed for: => widening/realigning the existing road = permanent land requirement; and => for other purposes like temporary roads, quarrying, borrow pit and camping/camp sites = temporary land requirement; affecting cultivated and grazing land as well as houses/buildings, other structures and trees.

Consequently, and in accordance with the TOR of the RAP a detailed RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING has been prepared (the TOR for EIA and RAP are attached in APPENDIX 1).

Taking into account the above findings, the term Land Compensation3 is exclusively used in the ensuing paragraphs and chapters describing the activities carried out under the present Project.

The major possible impact of the proposed road improvement/upgrading project is due to the land needed for widening/realigning the existing road and for other purposes like temporary roads (detours, access roads), quarrying, borrow pit and camping/camp sites. The RAP implementation planning represents a separate detailed planning phase of the present Project, where: - procedures were developed to restore the livelihood of the affected individuals in accordance with the ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework; - based on the engineering design drawings of the new/upgraded road, the cadastral survey information and the land use & structures inventory (e.g. cadastral boundaries of identified plots, houses, fences) RAP implementation plans/drawings were prepared; and

The TOR uses the wording 'land acquisition', which has been modified to 'land compensation' in order to meet more correctly the land ownership situation according to the Ethiopian GO N DAR - D E BARK KOCKS 3 ROAD PROJECT I NG E N I E UR E

- the valuation of affected land, structures, trees, etc. is compiled and the determined compensation requirement is specified with land replacement (areas), if available, and calculated costs of compensation for affected trees, the loss of income and the relocation of affected structures.

1.5 Location and Brief Description of the Proiect Road

The Gondar - Debark road is located in Amahra National Regional State in the northern part of Ethiopia and is part of one of the major south-north links in the Country. Amahra State has an international border with the Sudan in the west and the national boundaries are with Tigray in the north-east, with Afar in the east, with Oromiya in the south and with Benishangul-Gumuz in the south-west.

The existing road was originally built with a Telford base and penetration macadam during the Italian occupation between 1936 and 1940. The road was constructed mainly by manual labour, and with the aim to limit the size/height of major drainage structures as well as to minimise earthworks, its alignment follows closely the contours of the natural ground, resulting in a horizontal alignment with narrow curves in the mountainous and hilly sections on the one hand but also in relatively gentle gradients (vertical alignment) on the other hand.

The Project Road is a major link providing access to a large part of Amahra Region and a short cut to important agricultural and tourist areas in the Simien Mountains. At present, the poor state of most sections of the road imposes difficulties and heavy costs in the movement of goods and people. As a result, the road's condition hinders national and sub-regional development and integration.

The Project Road starts at the Martyrs Square in Gondar, the big roundabout 720m from the Gondar Telecom building at the centre of the Town, and it ends after 103 km (existing road length) shortly after the Debark town passage.

The initial bituminous surface has completely deteriorated with a few patches of it remaining only and the existing road has reverted to gravel standard. The road condition can be described as generally POOR: - Although the first about 40km long section from Gondar to Amba Georgis has received a regravelling in early 2005, the surface is very rough since natural gravel material with a high amount of oversize particles was used. - In December 2005 the road section from Amba Georgis to Debark was found in very bad and extremely rough condition with an exposed Telford surface for most of its length. However, at the end of December 2005 a major maintenance commenced, but the road surface and the road condition respectively may be described as fair to poor only due to the coarse natural gravel materials used.

The width of the existing gravel/Telford carriageway is 5.5 to 6.0 m with shoulders of about 1.0 m each. In many respects the existing Gondar - Debark road section is lacking basic road/traffic safety requirements (e.g. narrow/sub-standard curves, poor bridge approaches). In summary the existing rood condition causes hazard and extreme discomfort to the road users.

Between Gondar and Debark the road passes through a number of villages and towns which major locations are: Weleka, Amba Georgis, Gedebeye, Dabat and Woken.

The geology along the Project Road consists of two rock groups, both of which belong to the same series, the Trap Series, as it has been identified on the geological map of Ethiopia and during an assessment of the road corridor: _8) G O N DA R - D E BARK KOCKS RROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

- Along the first about 85 kilometres, the geology predominantly consists of the Ashangi group volcanics which are alkaline basalt with imbedded pyroclastics and rare rhyolites that most probably origin from basaltic sills near Tikil Dingay on the Gondar - Humera road. The basaltic flow varies in thickness, the thickest basalt is found around km 20 and the thinnest around km 85. - Along the road section between existing road chainage km 85 and Debark (chainage km 103) the geology predominantly consists of the Shield group that mainly consists of porphoritic amygdaloidal basalt.

The topography along the Gondar - Debark road section can be described as predominantly rolling with some hilly and mountainous sections: - chainage km 1.6 to km 3.5 hilly - chainage km 3.5 to km 12.0 rolling to hilly - chainage km 12.0 to km 16.5 mountainous - chainage km 16.5 to km 25.8 hilly - chainage km 25.8 to km 27.6 mountainous - chainage km 27.6 to km 103.0 rolling 6.3 km or 6.2% mountainous, 11.2 km or 11% hilly, 8.5 km or 8.4% rolling to hilly, 75.4 km or 74.4% rolling.

The Gondar and Debark areas show intensive agricultural use of 95% with about 65% crop cultivation, 20% grassland, 10% tree plantations and bush & shrub land and a remaining approximately 5% portion which cannot be utilised (e.g. rocky areas).

Ethiopia has three climatic zones: a cool zone of the high plateaux above 2,400m, a temperate zone between 1,500 and 2,400m and the hot lowlands below 1,500m. The climate in the project area lies predominantly within the cool zone. In daytime temperatures rarely rise above 300C in Gondar and 250C in Debark and rarely fall below 100C and 60C respectively; the average mean temperature is 210C in Gondar and 140C in Debark.

There are two main seasons in the Ethiopian highlands. The dry season ("bega") lasts from October to June. The main rainy season ("meher" or "keremt") last from July through September; these rains are often heavy and continuous. The mean annual rainfall in the project area varies between 980mm and 1,100mm.

The start of the road at Gondar is at an altitude of about 2,300 m, it descends to 2,200 m at the Angereb river bridge (chainage km 5.0) north-west of Weleka (Humera junction) and reaches its "peak" with an altitude of slightly above 3,000 m at chainage km 34.1, five kilometres before Amba Georgis (altitude of 2,960 m). From there the road descends to the Temame river bridge at chainage km 47.0 and an altitude of 2,686 m. Then the terrain undulates between 2,775 m (chainage km 60.2) and 2,565 m of the Alem Watch river bridge at Dabat (chainage km 73.1). For the next 30 kilometres the altitude varies between 2,635 m and 2,790 m (chainage km 75.9 and km 96.1) until the roads ends at an altitude of about 2,850 m at Debark.

The width of the existing road is in general 8.0 m with a gravel surfaced carriageway of 5.0 to 6.0 m. For the first 38.5 km up to Amba Georgis the road pavement is in fair to poor condition with a series of distresses (potholes, rutting, corrugations, erosion gullies, etc.). This road section had received a regravelling in 2004. Beyond Amba Georgis to the end of the Project Road in Debark the gravel has been lost for lengthy sections of the road and the exposed Telford base surface is of very poor riding quality causing hazard and extreme discomfort to the road users and allows a - - -4 -- 1I.... Art 1,- -L 1--_ {.8) GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E UR E

Most of the existing major structures between Gondar and Debark are arch structures, bridges and culverts, of stone masonry type. Other structure types are concrete box and pipe culverts, and slab concrete culverts and bridges. A visual assessment of the substructures and superstructures of these major structures showed that they are, with a few exceptions, generally in fair to good condition.

The Gondar-Debark road forms part of the Bahir Dar to Axum route corridor and, apart from localized connectivity it provides between the two trip ends, serves as alternative access to major Ethiopia's travel and tourist destinations, comprising sites of natural, historic as well as cultural heritages. Travel and tour destinations, situated in the northern part of the Country along 'the historic tourism route', comprise the town of Bahir Dar and the Lake Tana areas located south of Project Road, the medieval city of Gondar and the Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP). Farther north off the Project Road, some 350km from Gondar, is the ancient town of Axum. These tourist attraction sites, notably Gondar, Axum and SMNP, are amongst the UNESCO enlisted World Heritage Sites Ethiopia offers to the world.

Gondar: Gondar, also referred to as 'the Camelot of Africa', is known for its medieval period castle-like palaces, the first of kind built by one of the renown Ethiopia's monarchs, Emperor Fassilledes in 1632. Gondar used to be the political capital of Ethiopia for well over 300 years. This historic town also houses a number of monasteries as well as Orthodox Christian churches built centuries back.

Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP): Near the end of the Project Road (about 30km east of Debark) lies one of Ethiopia's finest natural tourist attractions, the Simien Mountains National Park, a protected zone measuring some 180 square kilometres. The SMNP established in 1958 by proclamation, is well known for its highest mountain peak, the Ras Dashen, rising well over 4,600m a.s.l. The Ras Dashen peak ranks the second tallest in the continent of Africa, following Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Further, the Park hosts some of the world's endemic wild lives; Walia (Abyssinian) Ibex, Gelada Baboon, Simien Red Fox and beautiful birds, Lammergeyer, Augur Buzzard, Verreaux's Eagle, kestre, and Falcan, some of which are rarest bird species sheltered across the spectacular mountain park. While the town of Debark is situated at the western fringe of the park (which supposedly is outside the buffer zone of the SMNP), the Ras Dashen apex is east off the town some 90km by mountain track.

1.6 Socio-economic Condition of the Project Area

General sociologicalCharacteristic of the Project Area From the agro-ecological and socio-ecological point of view the Gondar - Debark area is relatively homogenous. The area is situated in the Highland zone between 2,200m and 3,000m a.s.l. and falls in the agro-ecological category 'Dega zone'. Rainfall between 900 and 1,500 mm/year and temperatures of less than 16 0C in average characterise this zone which has been intensively cultivated. The Dega zone is also relatively free from vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria. For these reasons the highest concentration of population occurs in the Amhara region.

Agriculture is the main basis of livelihood (85 %) in the Amhara region. The highland agriculture system is characterised by the integration of crop and livestock production and livestock husbandry is an important source of food, cash income and insurance against crop failure. The main cereals produced in the area are wheat, millet, barley and teff. The soils are very susceptible to soil erosion with high rates of soil loss. GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I NG E N I E UR E

Gondar to Amba Georgis over Dabat to Debark. The entire road falls into North Gondar Zone and into the Amhara Regional State. Population The settlement pattern of the project area indicates that there is high concentration of people on Gondar to Debark town section where intensive mixed agriculture is being practised. The population (year 2000 figures) of the Woredas falling in the project area is shown in Table 1.1 below.

Table 1.1: Woreda Population

Region Zone Woreda Population Population Population Area Density TOTAL MALE FEMALE (km'2 ) (Persons per k2) Amhara North Dabat 143,444 72,275 71,169 1,199.15 119.6 Gonder Debark 146,760 73,252 73,508 1,512.22 97 Gondar 156,087 78,670 77,417 40.27 3,876 Special Zone Wegera 232,329 117,826 114,503 1,286.76 180.6 Source: CSA, Ethiopia - Statistical Abstract 2000.

Table 1.2: Town Population along Gondar - Debark Road

Location Town Name Population (km existing Road) 0 Gondar Zonal Capital North Gonder 156,087 38 Amba Georgis, Woreda Town 6,833 59.4 Gedebeye 4,805 73.2 Dabat, Woreda Town 12,138 86.5 Woken 3,045 99.3 Debark, Woreda Town 20,026 Source: CSA, Ethiopia - Statistical Abstract 2000.

Role and Status of Women Women in the project area and generally in the rural areas of Ethiopia have to carry a very high portion of the communities' and respectively families' workload. Their main activities are to haul water and fuel wood over long distances, preparing food and to work in the fields. Further, the women are the majority of the vendors found at the market places and many shops and restaurants/bars along the project road are run by women.

In addition to the above described burden of workload the social situation of the woman is much restricted due to traditional feudal and patriarchal social norms. Thus, only a minor portion of rural women is literate, they are often very young when married, have an average of seven children. Economic Activities The project area is a high potential cereal zone and agro-pastoral zone in the rugged area. It is dominated by a mixed type of agricultural activities with limited cash crop production. The area is prone to erosion since appropriate protective measures are rare. The major cereal crops grown include wheat, millet, barley and teff. Small scale _ GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > \ ROAD PROJECT I NG E N I E UR E

areas, along the roadside and in the vicinity of villages/towns, eucalyptus plantations can be found. Most parts of the area are stony and rugged, but nevertheless cultivated. Only small plots of land are left for livestock grazing, but sheep and horse population is high especially in the Dabat and Debark areas. Main market centres are: Gondar, Amba Georgis, Dabat and Debark. Industrial activities are largely dominated by small scale metallurgy, wood and leather work and other small artesian activities. The major industrial establishment is the Dashen brewery located in the southern part of Gondar town. One of the major economic activities in the Gondar - Debark region is tourism. In Gondar, the Fasil Castle ( 17th century), the Debre Berhan Selassie church and the town itself are famous tourist destinations. In the Debark region the Simien Mountains National Park and the Lema Limo National Park are the most attractive spots of the region. According to the road side interviews with local residents and business people the proposed road upgrading is expected to trigger considerable development in the agro-industrial sector and primarily in the tourism sector as the project area is endowed with potential resources. The Gondar - Debark road section has a more strategic significance in terms of linking the Country with the whole of northern Ethiopia up to the border with Eritrea. It has a big potential for touristic (Gondar, Debark, Axum) and agricultural development in addition to providing inter-connection between Addis Ababa and northern Ethiopia. GO N DAR - DE BARK KOKCCKS ' wi ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E UR E

2. POLICY. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1 National Policy and Strategies

2.1.1 The Constitution

As the major binding document for all other derivative national and regional policies, laws and regulations, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation 1/1995, has several provisions, which have direct policy, legal and institutional relevance for the appropriate implementation of the resettlement action plans, which are being prepared by the Ethiopian Roads Authority.

Article 40.3 of the Constitution states the public ownership of both rural and urban land as well as all natural resources. It further states that land is the common property of the Ethiopian people and cannot be subject to sale or to other means of exchange. Moreover, ownership of land is vested in the State and the people while rural and urban dwellers have only use rights over land. A use right gives the user of the land the right to use the land and the right to benefit from the fruits of her/his labour which may be crops, trees, etc. found on the land or any permanent works such as buildings etc. Article 44 provides that all persons have the right to a clean healthy environment and further emphasises that the pollutant shall pay in violating the basic right. Article 92 states that all Ethiopians shall live in clean and health environment; no damage or destruction happened to those basic environmental rights. People have the right to full consultation and the community has the right to express its views in the planning and implementation of environment policies and deals with the projects that directly affect them. The Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment and mitigate the affected parts. All those aspects have to be considered in infrastructure development and road projects respectively as explicitly stated in the Road Transport Guidelines (EPA, 1996, Environmental Law, 2003 and the Conservation Strategies of Ethiopia I, II and III). Further, Article 44.2 of the Constitution indicates that interventions for public goods that cause the displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the local population shall give the right to commensurate monetary or other means of compensation including relocation (resettlement) with adequate State assistance. This provision has a strong relevance to the resettlement action plan that ERA undertakes while involved in road projects. The provisions in the constitution clearly states Government's obligation not only to compensate for the works on land created by the labour and capital of land users but also to compensate for the lost land through resettling the affected individuals/communities by the State programmes with adequate assistance.

2.1.2 Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

Since the early 1990s, the Federal Government has undertaken a number of initiatives to develop regional, national and sectoral strategies for environmental conservation and protection. Paramount amongst these was the Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE, 1996), which provided a strategic framework for integrating environmental planning into new and existing policies programmes and projects.

The CSE is an important policy document which views environmental management from several perspectives, particularly recognising the importance of incorporating environmental factors into development activities from the outset, so that planners may take into account environmental protection as an essential component of IF_ GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS , __ ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

2.1.3 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) has provisions quite relevant to road and transportation projects concerning impact assessment, resettlement and rehabilitation issues. The major elements are: * to ensure that environmental impact assessments (EIA) consider not only physical and biological impacts but also address social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions; * to recognise that public consultation is an integral part of an EIA (Proclamation 299/2002, Part Five-Article 15, Public Participation) and ensure that EIA procedures make provision for both an independent review and public comment before consideration of decision makers; * to ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigation plans for environmental management problems and contingency plans in case of accidents; * to ensure that, at specified intervals during the project implementation, environmental audits regarding monitoring, inspection and record keeping take place for activities where these have been required by the Environmental Impact Statement (Proclamation 299/2002, Part Four-Articlel2, Implementation Monitoring); * to ensure that preliminary and full EIAs are undertaken by the relevant sectoral ministries or departments, if in the public sector, and by the developer, if in the private sector, in accordance with Proclamation No. 299/2002 in order to predict and manage the environmental effects of proposed development activities and resulting in modification or termination of its design or ongoing construction/operation; * to create by law an EIA process which requires appropriate environmental impact statements and environmental audits for private and state development projects; * to establish the necessary institutional framework and determine the linkages of its parts for undertaking, coordinating and approving EIAs and the subsequent system of environmental audits required to ensure compliance with conditionalities; * to develop detailed sectoral technical guidelines in EIAs and environmental audits; * to ensure that social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions are considered in environmental impact assessment procedures and included in sectoral guidelines; and * to develop EIA and environmental audit capacity and capability in the Environmental Protection Authority, sectoral ministries and agencies as well as in the regions.

2.1.4 Sectoral Environmental Policies

Several detailed sectoral environmental policies are currently in various stages of preparation and of particular note are the following:

Water Resource Policy The Ministry of Water Resources has formulated the Federal Water Resource Policy for a comprehensive and integrated water resource management. The overall goal of the water resources policy is to enhance and promote all national efforts towards the efficient and optimum utilisation of the available water resources for socio-economic development on sustainable bases. The policies are to establish and institutionalise environment conservation and protection requirements as integral parts of water resources planning and project development. GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS : 4-. ROAD PROJECT I N GE N I E UR E

Wildlife Policy It was developed by the Ministry of Agriculture whose prime objective is the preservation, development and sustainable utilisation of Ethiopia's wildlife resources for social and economic development and for the integrity of the biosphere/biodiversity. This is at present in draft form, and covers a wide range of policies and strategies relating, amongst others, to wildlife conservation and protected areas with four categories from the highest protection ranking 'National Park', followed by 'Game Reserve' and 'Sanctuary' to 'Controlled Hunting Area'.

Proclamation on Conservation, Development and Utilisation of Forests This Proclamation was issued in 1994 (Proclamation No. 94/1994) to provide for the Conservation, Development and Utilisation of Forests. The objective of this Proclamation is to provide the basis for sustainable utilisation of the country's forest resources. The Proclamation categorises types of forest ownership (State, regional and private forests). It provides the power for designation, demarcation, and registration of forests to the Ministry of Agriculture and Regional Governments. The Proclamation then goes on to give some specific direction for the utilisation of State and Regional Forests, and lists prohibited activities within protected forests.

National Population Policy This Policy was issued in April 1993 and aims at closing the gap between high population growth and low economic productivity through a planned reduction in population growth combined with an increase in economic returns. With specific reference to natural resources, the main objectives National Population Policy are: - Making population and economic growth compatible and the over-exploitation of natural resources unnecessary; - Ensuring spatially balanced population distribution patterns, with a view to maintaining environmental security and extending the scope of development activities; - Improving productivity of agriculture and introducing off-farm non-agricultural activities for the purpose of employment diversification; and - Maintaining and improving the carrying capacity of the environment by taking appropriate environmental protection and conservation measures.

National Policy on Women This Policy was issued in March 1993 emphasising that all economic and social programmes and activities should ensure equal access of men and women to the Country's resources and in the decision making process so that they can benefit equally from all activities carried out by the Federal and Regional Institutions. 2.1.5 Land Tenure

Land is the property of the state/public and does not require compensation. The land proclamations 31/1975 of rural land and 47/1975 of urban land state that the Government holds the ownership of land, it is the property of the Ethiopian People. Article 7(72) of proclamation 4/1975 states that the Government shall pay fair compensation for property found on the land, but the amount of compensation shall not take any value of the land into account, because land is owned by the State.

Proclamation No.55/1993, article 5, 2(k), states that the ERA shall use, free of charge, land and such other resources and quarry substances for the purpose of construction of highways, camp, storage of equipment and other required services, provided, however, that it shall pay compensation in accordance with the law for properties on the land it uses.

Tl.- n:.L.. v-L.. .. t n...... tInl -A.X - LL IJI- - -.1 GO NDAR -DEBARK KODEBAR \ti ROAD PROJECT I N GE N I E U R E

public use in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance work. For example in the ERA Geometric Design Manual - 2002 (Tables 2-3 through 2-7) 50m width on either side of the road centreline fall into the legal ROW for roads of Design Standards DS1 to DS5. Thus, property within those limits could be removed/demolished by the road authority without public consultation. 2.1.6 Proclamation No.455/2005

Proclamation No. 455/2005 'Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation' provides the main framework in undertaking resettlement and compensation activities in the Country. The Proclamation is addressing the procedures and the responsibilities of the implementing agencies for the expropriation of land holdings for public purposes, and the procedures for valuation of properties and for the determination and payment of appropriate compensation.

As per the Proclamation a rural land owner whose land has been permanently expropriated shall, in addition to other the compensation, be paid displacement compensation equivalent to ten years of the average annual income he/she earned during the five preceding years. On the other hand land holders whose land is taken provisionally/temporarily be paid, in addition to other compensation, be paid a displacement compensation until he/she repossess his/her land. This would be based on the average income securing during the five preceding years.

The approach/methodology taken for the present calculations for compensation is related to the amount as proposed in this recent Proclamation. The infinitive cash compensation, for instance, found to be more or less equivalent to the one proposed in the Proclamation.

2.2 Environmental Legislation Framework

The Federal Government has recently approved three Proclamations. These represent a framework building on the policies and strategies set out in the CSE and the EPE, which sets out basic and general provisions for the regulation of environmental matters and is proposed to be supplemented in due course by more sector-specific legislation.

The following three proclamations are currently enforced by the EPA: - Proclamation No. 298/2002 on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs; - Proclamation No. 299/2002 on Environmental Impact Assessment; and - Proclamation No. 300/2002 on Environmental Pollution Control.

2.2.1 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs

This Proclamation No. 298/2002 re-established the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), Sectoral and Regional environmental units and agencies.

The objective of this Proclamation is to formally lay down the institutional arrangements necessary to ensure environmentally sustainable management and development, both at Federal and at Regional level. A series of institutional mandates, which extend the powers and duties of the EPA beyond those defined in the enabling legislation, which established this body.

2.2.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment

The aim of this Proclamation No. 299/2002 is to make an EIA mandatory for specified categories of activities undertaken either by the public or private sectors and is the leaal tool for environmental nlanninn- mananpmPnt snri mnnitnrinn GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I N GE N I E UR E

The Proclamation elaborates on considerations with respect to the assessment of positive and negative impacts and states that the impact of a project shall be assessed on the basis of the size, location, nature, cumulative effect with other concurrent impacts or phenomena, trans-regional context, duration, reversibility or irreversibility or other related effects of a project. Categories of projects that will require full EIA (given in an Annex to the Proclamation), not full EIA (some negative impacts expected but not too serious) or no EIA (for reasons of "special" or "overriding interests").

To affect the requirements of this Proclamation the EPA issued an 'Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline Document (May 2000)', which provides in depth detail to the EIA process and its requirements. The Guideline follows the conventional pattern adopted in many other countries and makes provision for screening, scooping, identification and evaluation of impacts, the development of environmental management and monitoring plans, consideration of alternatives, etc.

2.2.3 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control This Proclamation No. 300/2002 is mainly based on the right of each citizen to have a healthy environment, as well as on the obligation to protect the environment of the Country and its primary objective is to provide the basis from which the relevant ambient environmental standards applicable to Ethiopia can be developed, and to make the violation of these standards a punishable act. The Proclamation states that the "polluter pays" principle will be applied to all persons. Under this proclamation, the EPA is given the mandate for the creation of the function of Environmental Inspectors. These inspectors (to be assigned by EPA or regional environmental agencies) are given the authority to ensure implementation and enforcement of environmental standards and related requirements.

2.3 Institutional and Administrative Framework

2.3.1 Federal and Regional Administration The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia comprises of the Federal states with nine Regional State members. The Federal Government acts from the centre to the regions and localities, and its respective duties and authority including fiscal matters at the different levels (Federal, Regional and Local) have been defined by the Constitution. The duties and responsibilities of the Regional States include planning, directing and developing social and economic programmes as well as the administration, development and protection of natural resources of their respective regions. The basic administrative units in each Regional Government are the Woredas, which sub- units are the Kebeles in urban areas and farmers associations in rural areas. Further, based on their authority and responsibilities the regional governments have established Sectoral Bureau, Commissions and Authorities.

2.3.2 Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) One of the environmental policies of the EPA is to protect and rehabilitate the fundamental causes that lead to degradation, adverse effects and determine mitigation measures. The policy is usually integrated and compatible to fit to a long term economic development strategy known as agricultural development-led industrialisation (ADLI) and other key policies. As per sub-article 2 of article 6 of Proclamation No.9 of 1995, environmental development and management as well as protection in Ethiopia are designated. In this case the socio-environmental assessment needs to be reviewed and incorporated into different road project phases: at designing & planning, construction, monitoring, post-project evaluation

- -A ; ------GO N DAR - DE BARK KOC KKS (0).ROAD PROJECT I NG E N I E UR E

2.3.3 Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA)

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) was established in 1951 through proclamation No.63/1963 with responsibilities for the construction, improvement and maintenance of the Country's road network. The highest body in the management hierarchy is the board.

Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB) ERA's Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB) was established in January 1998 as Environmental Management Branch (EMB) under the Planning and Programming Division of the Engineering and Regulatory Department. EMSB major responsibilities are setting and implementing ERA's environmental guidelines in support of the national level requirements. The EMSB holds the capacity of advisory, coordination and supervision aspects that are pertinent to the road environmental impacts and implication assessment as well as coordination with the respective ERA district offices.

Right-of-Way (ROW) Branch The ERA Right-of-Way Branch, part of the Construction Contract Implementation Division, is responsible for making available the required land for road/highway construction and maintenance, the establishment of materials sources (borrow pits and quarries) and camp sites and for implementation of Resettlement Action Plans (RAP).

Right-of-Way Branch in liaison with the respective regional/local authorities, Woreda councils, Kebele administrations and community representatives establishes the required compensation for structures, crop, vegetation and others, and effects payments to the PAPs.

2.3.4 Regional and Local Government Bodies

In accordance with the principles of government decentralisation set out in the Ethiopian Constitution, the Regional States shall establish their own independent regional environmental agencies or designate existing agencies that shall be responsible for environmental monitoring, protection and regulation within their respective jurisdictions. These are expected to reflect the environmental management requirements at local level.

2.3.5 Environmental Protection Unit

The above described Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs requires at the Federal level each sectoral ministry to establish in-house Environmental Protection Units to ensure harmony with respect to implementation of the environmental proclamations and other environmental protection requirements. These Units will form a lower level inter-sectoral coordination structure.

2.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority's Policy Framework

2.4.1 ERA Environmental Procedures Manual

In order to standardise environmental procedures for design of new roads and rehabilitation of existing roads the ERA, in consultation with the Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), has prepared an Environmental Procedures Manual for the use and technical guidance of design personnel of the ERA and consultants preparing projects for the Authority. GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > \' ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

to environmental management activities to be conducted during each phase of the road project cycle, including the preparation and supervision of works contracts as well as the execution of road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance works. 2.4.2 ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework

Apart from the broad policy frameworks at national level, the main reference behind the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is ERA's guiding principles as stipulated in its Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework. The principles in the framework are adopted basically from the World Bank's policy on resettlement and rehabilitation. The following statement is quoted from the ERA's Resettlement and Rehabilitation Framework to show when and where a RAP is required or not.

At project identification, social screening/social impact assessment (SIA) of the subprojects will be conducted with the aim to determine whether or not a subproject would require detailed resettlement action plans as specified in World Bank policy. The principles of compensation/rehabilitation will be triggered wherever there will be land acquisition and adverse social impacts. Should, however, the SIA findings reveal that more than 200 persons are affected by a subproject, a resettlement action plan will have to be prepared. The World Bank OP 4.12 states: Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. (WB Operational Policies 4.12:1, see APPENDIX 2)

Concerning compensation of lost assets and properties current regulations/laws used by the ERA need to be considered as well as the recent Proclamation No.455/2005.

This RAP has been prepared in recognition of the provisions stated in both the Country's laws and The World Bank's guideline. Nevertheless, where there is conflict the Bank's provisions must take precedence. GO NDAR - DEBARK KO C KS , ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E UR E

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 General Remarks on the RAP Implementation Planning

As indicated earlier the Gondar - Debark Road Project is expected not to cause significant disruption to the inhabitants residing along the Project Road. The inventories show that a very limited number of houses in the rural sections appear vulnerable for any possible relocation. In the final design there has been an attempt to avoid major disruption in the town section and minimised the number of houses to be relocated.

Most of the impacts, especially caused by land required for realignment and other construction purposes, are deemed to be contained with proper compensation for lost assets, for lost income basis and with other logistical support. The present RAP implementation planning provides details of the relocation/dispossession and that shows the appropriate compensation requirements for assets, logistical support for moving, and relocation grant and also other requirements is prepared.

3.2 Entitlement

Entitlement for claim and compensation is summarized in the following Table. Table 3.1: Entitlement Matrix Type of Application Beneficiaries Compensation Issue for affected Principles Consideration Property/Loss 1. Permanent All affected Farmers who - As much as possible - Identify land for compen- loss of land land located claim the land for land sation with in close along the usufruct right replacement proximity project corridor - Where land is scarce - Lost crops need to be (including full compensation as per compensated in line with ROW, camp suggestion made in this the suggestion made in the site, etc.) RAP and in consideration RAP and the proclamation. to proclamation - List of all affected land 455/2005 and households is required - Participation of PAPs in the compensation process 2. Temporary All affected Peasants who Provide full com- - List down all affected loss of land land along the claim the pensation as per the land and house holds road corridor usufruct right suggestion in the RAP. It - Reinstate the land used (especially is different from the for temporary use by the being used for compensation for Project, like detours and de tour, borrow permanent loss borrow pits, so that pit and for peasants can reclaim the other land. temporary use - Compensate for benefit forgone during the construction period 3. Loss of All affected - Persons who - Full compensation at a - List of al affected residential housing units own the replacement value and structures and households area/house located with in houses in line with the - Compensation received the road - Tenants suggestion of this RAP by Kebeles or others need corridor - Persons who and the proclamation to be used to construct has a legal - Provision of an equiva- houses for the affected claim for any lent accommodation to people structures similar rent or a 3 month rent compen- sation =)_ G N DARAO - DE BARK KOCKS > R O A D PROJECT IN GN E IEURE

Type of Application Beneficiaries Compensation Issue for affected Principles Consideration Property/Loss - Relocate houses within close proximity with minimum disruption to the original life style 4. Loss of Houses being - Owners of the - Full compensation to - List of all commercial commercial use for business the owner activities and business commercial houses - Relocating the - Help people in finding activities purposes along - Tenants business to similar suitable location to the project location needed and, for continue with their corridor tenants, to similar rent business. Location matters in sustaining the business 5. Loss of trees Trees located Land user, Full compensation as per -Inventory of all types of on the land concession suggestion on this RAP trees (eucalyptus, required for holder, and other current indigenous, etc.) the road, squatters, parameters used by -Local support might be infrastructure, communities, local agriculture office needed for people to get camp, quarry, government seedlings to replant trees borrow, etc etc 6. Loss of As for Vulnerable Full compensation as per Mandatory consideration of above types respective groups principles nos. 1 to 6 issues nos. 1 to 6 with nos. 1 to 6 applications plus special assistance special attention to the nos. 1 to 6 by the RAP needs of the vulnerable implementation committee Note: Eligibility strictly follows the cut off date as a threshold for entertaining any claim.

3.3 Land Requirements

The major possible impacts of the proposed road improvement/upgrading project is due to the land needed for widening/realigning the existing road and for other purposes like temporary roads (detours, access roads), quarrying, borrow pit and camping/camp sites.

3.3.1 Land Requirement for Realignment (a) Rural With regards to the design (determined realignment and improvement sections) for the improvement/upgrading of the Project Road different sizes/areas of land are required in different locations to accommodate the new/improved alignment sections. During the field surveys an assessment has been made on the significance of impacts due the new alignments. Accordingly, it was found that the extent of impacts varies across different realignment sections. In a few cases the land required for realignment entails the dispossession of a considerable portion of crop/grazing lands together with trees, water points, passage ways, drainage structures, animal movement corridors. In other cases the impact is limited to the dispossession of small size of land or the displacement of a few road side houses, which is assumed to be contained with local level means and with modest outside support. (b) Urban The existing engineering design (ref. COWI-T-97/99) for the Gondar - Debark road has avoided any realignment in the urban sections of the project area so as not to cause relocation of houses and disturb the existing socio-economic facilities. Accordingly, in all of the major villages and towns located along the Project Road no significant disruption of the existing status is expected due to the improvement of the existing road. In fact improvements in terms of drainage facilities. Dedestrian walkwavs (where anolicable) and nthprc, have hppn inrliirlpd GONDAR - DEBARK KOC KS ? , RROAD PROJECT I NG E N I E U R E

residents of the towns. As per the final design due to encroachment into the Right-of-Way (ROW) certain houses in towns / big villages along the road have to be relocated due to widening of the existing road. 3.3.2 Land Requirement for temporary Roads Land required for detours and access roads to quarries and borrow pits is expected to temporarily dispossess certain crop land, grazing land or trees. Due to scarcity of cultivable land as well as for environmental reasons the reinstatement of these areas of land is a basic requirement of the present RAP implementation planning and is considered in the preparation of the tender/bidding documents of the present Project. 3.3.3 Land Requirement for Quarries and Borrow Pits Land required for quarries and borrow pits will dispossess certain crop land, grazing land or trees. Past experience indicates that such land requirements somewhat exacerbates the socio-economic impacts to a certain extent. Past experience in Ethiopia also shows that hardly any attempt was made to reinstate the quarry/borrow pit land to its original condition. Especially in the high land parts of the Country where there is a scarcity of cultivable land, taking land for such purposes could cause considerable disturbance to the local farming practice. All cautions accompanied by mitigation measures (like reinstating the quarries and borrow pits) are strongly required and are considered in the preparation of the tender/bidding documents of the present Project. 3.3.4 Land Requirement for Camp Sites The camping requirement usually dispossesses crop or grazing land to a considerable extent. In previous/other projects there was also a tendency to install them at the outskirts of the towns. In compensating the land required for camping, the recent trend is handing over the camp complex to the local community once the construction work is completed. The preliminary observation indicates that handing over the complex for communities some how offsets the lost resources, as communities would use the camp facilities for such purposes as school or health centre. Therefore, camps should be designed/tendered/constructed in such a way that they can be utilised for those other services once the project is completed.

3.4 Compensation Considerations 3.4.1 Compensation for Houses and Fences The affected households are expected to get the land required for the construction of the new houses. As experiences demonstrate that partial damages usually causes major problems on the entire housing unit, house eligible for partial damage should as much as possible considered for full damage. The house to house inventory collects information on: - Location of the house (town, village, Kebele, road chainage, etc.); - Affected house(s) floor area in M2 ; - Type/construction material of house (hollow block, wood/mud, metal roof, etc.); - Unit cost of construction (construction cost/M 2), which should reflect the construction cost at local level; - Estimated reconstruction cost of the house(s); - Cost for transportation of household properties/materials. GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS j '@ y ROAD PROJECT I N GE NI E U R E

3.4.2 Compensation for Standing Crops

Past experience from the ERA shows that individuals are compensated for only standing crops or trees and not for the land they lose, as land belongs to the state.

In compensating standing crops the following information is required: - Location of the area (town, village, Kebele, road chainage, etc.); - Names of project-affected persons; - Type of crop; - Average yield (kg/ha); - Unit price (Birr/kg); - Affected area (M 2 or ha); - Annual loss from crops (in Birr).

3.4.3 Compensation for Loss of permanent Crops and Trees

Permanent crops and trees need special attention in effecting the compensation. However, in the Gondar - Debark road corridor there are hardly any indigenous trees, perennial vegetation or permanent crops like fruits, sugar cane, etc. affected by the proposed improvement/upgrading of the Project Road. The only permanent trees are Eucalyptus trees for which compensation is required.

The Consultant's field surveys in the various parts of the Country indicate that there is significant difference in calculating compensation for permanent crops and trees. Some RAP propose a various kind of calculation while others indicate simple ways. In summary, with proper assessment losers of the trees and other vegetation should be compensated by taking into account the local market price.

The input of the local agriculture offices in estimating yields was sought. Information required for valuation includes: - Type of tree/vegetation; - Average yield (kg/ha) or some other local measurement like measuring the trees size and production from a single tree; local level judgement plays the crucial part in valuing the trees; - Unit price (for a standing tree or kilogram of fruit or other local measurement); - Affected area (M 2 or ha); - Annual value of crops lost.

3.4.4 Compensation for Loss of Grazing Land

There are two different types of grazing land, namely developed and open/undeveloped. Along the project road corridor only open/undeveloped grazing land was encountered.

ERA's current approach for the loss of open grazing land is that no compensation is required for such land, because it is considered as undeveloped (no inputs of finance or labour). This is also in accordance with the recent Proclamation No.455/2005 'Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation', which specifies in Article 7 that compensation is to be provided for property on expropriated land and for permanent improvements made to that land. The Consultant is following this approach. However, the following considerations have been given to open grazing land: - As far as possible compensation of permanent loss by a reinstated area of an abandoned section of the existing road in realignments; and - reinstatement of a temporarily dispossessed area is a compulsory measure as GO NDAR - DEBARK KOCKS \5 ROAD PROJECT I N G E NI E U R E

3.4.5 Compensation for other Structures

During the field surveys it was observed that some structures built by communities like traditional irrigation schemes seem falling within a realignment or improvement corridor. The estimates for compensation will also take into account the damage inflicted on such structures so as not to disturb the local livelihood of the residents. For compensation purposes also the damage and value for eventual reconstruction will be assessed. The information required includes: - The type of the structure (drainage, walkway, etc.); - Quantity in M2 ; - Unit cost/M2 ; - Total cost for reconstructing the structure.

3.4.6 Land Replacement

As per the major legal documents, including the Constitution, individuals whose land is dispossessed will have the right to be relocated and resettled with Government assistance. Experience, however, amply demonstrated that land replacement is hardly possible especially on those high land parts of the Country where there is heavy pressure for cultivable land. Individuals can only get a land replacement if the local administration/community is able to avail land. Similarly, for the Gondar - Debark Road Project land replacement is also one major issue. During the preparation of the RAP implementation plan all attempts have been made to determine as far as possible replacement of the land lost so as not to cause disruption of the existing livelihood means.

A valuable source of land for compensation/replacement is the area of the existing road which will be abandoned due to an improvement of the road alignment. These areas will become available upon completion of the construction and reinstatement/recultivation of abandoned road sections in realignments has to be part of the bill of quantities and the construction contract respectively.

3.4.7 Services (Utilities)

In close consultation with the respective owners (e.g. public utility authorities) the existing services (utilities), such as drains, underground and overhead telephone and electricity lines, ducts, poles, water mains, fittings, etc. that will be affected by the Project have been investigated. Subsequently, the required measures for either protection or relocation of such services have been determined and a cost estimate is prepared accordingly.

However, the required measures for protection or relocation of existing services (utilities) has not become part of the RAP implementation planning but has to be included the works contract to have the relocation/protection measure incorporated in and coordinated with the other road works activities in order to avoid damages and unnecessary disruption. Relevant specifications and work items are part of the tender/contract document specifying that: - the contractor shall acquaint himself with the position of all existing services or utilities before any excavation or other work likely to affect the existing services or utilities is commenced; - the contractor shall take all reasonable precautions not to damage the services or utilities during the search; - the contractor shall be responsible for all arrangements and coordination with the owners or authorities of the services or utilities necessary for protection and relocation of services or utilities so as to safeguard and minimise disruption to these services. GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS > 44)' ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

3.4.8 Vulnerable Groups

The RAP implementation is expected to have special consideration for such vulnerable groups as elderly (aged 65 or above), female headed households and disabled people. The main vulnerable group was found to be the female headed households which account for about ten per cent of the PAPs ad which are nearly all are found in the towns along the Project Road. Elderly people, who may need special assistance, were found to be less than three per cent of the PAPs. No HH head was found to be handicapped.

The Kebele administration is obliged to consider their special status and provide help during relocation. Their relocation site should not worsen their problem, and instead facilitate easy communication and access to services and utilities. This needs close monitoring on the part of the RAP implementation committee.

3.5 Methods of Valuing affected Assets and lost Income Basis

3.5.1 General Notes on Consultant's Approach

Past experience shows that assessments or estimates for compensation (e.g. for standing crops and trees) very often were done on a subjective basis, just prior to the actual use of the land for project purposes. Therefore, the RAP implementation plan prepared for the present Project includes recommendation for appropriate compensation and/or replacement in order to provide a detailed valuation basis/guideline for the bodies that eventually implement the RAP (such as the local level committee drawn from communities and other pertinent bodies).

The general principle governing the present planning for compensation for the loss of land through the road project is the "focus ... on restoring the income earning capacity of the project-affected persons", stipulated in the ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework and The World Bank OP 4.12, with the latter taking precedence in case of conflict.

In this respect, the Consultant's approach described in this Report is in line with the Proclamation No. 455/2005 'Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation'. This recent new law/proclamation describes that compensation would be given for up to ten years of lost income, whereas the Consultant's approach considers the required "restoring of the lost income basis" in more detail. Consequently, calculating the amounts to be given to individuals who would lose land is done for an infinite period of time using a national discount rate. 3.5.2 Right-of-Way

The Right-of-Way (ROW) is the land allocated and preserved by the law for the public use in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance work. According to the ERA Geometric Design Manual - 2002 (Tables 2-3 through 2-7) 50m width on either side of the road centreline fall into the legal ROW for roads of Design Standards DS1 to DS5 (DS3 and DS4 apply for the Gondar - Debark Road Project). Thus, property within those limits could be removed/demolished by the road authority without public consultation.

However, in the present RAP for rural sections a ROW of 30 meters and a ROW of 20 meters for urban sections has been considered for the relevant inventories. GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS 3 4 ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

3.5.3 Valuation of Constructions and other Structures

Principles This sub-chapter deals with buildings, fences and other structures which need to be demolished, entirely or partly, in connection with the implementation of the Project. Such need may arise: Case 1 from the temporary creation of detour roads and the temporary use of other areas needed for the construction works, including borrow pits, quarries and access roads to such areas/locations. Case 2 from the realignment, widening, new construction or improvement of the road itself and of structures, protection works and earthworks pertaining to it (camp sites and access roads to the same are also included in this category).

Case 1 For buildings and structures indirectly affected by the Project, as they are depending on the contractor's work programme, payment will be done through the works contract by the following procedure: (i) Prior to opening a new construction (sub-)section, the contractor has to submit for approval to the construction supervisor (resident engineer) a 1:2,000 plan showing the details of the location and the size of detour roads, borrow pits, etc. of this section, and the affected land/constructions lying on such areas including a preliminary assessment for compensation using the calculation methods and formulas provided. (ii) The contractor's plans/information will be reviewed and, if necessary, amended by the construction supervisor (resident engineer) in close liaison with the RAP implementation committee. (iii) The RAP implementation committee will calculate/determine the respective final amount(s) for compensation and will then issue an instruction to the contractor to execute the payment(s) from the funds he receives through the works contract.

This procedure is proposed with the aim to avoid delays during implementation and claims of the contractor respectively, which has happened in many road construction projects in Ethiopia in the past. With the proposed procedure the contractor is directly involved in this land compensation process and responsible to provide his plans/information in due time, in accordance with his work programme and construction progress respectively. The payment through the contractor is proposed for speeding up the process in compensating the affected persons and in making available the land for the contractor respectively by having the amount(s) for compensation payment promptly available. Details of this procedure and a corresponding pay item will be part of the conditions of contract and the bill of quantities of the bidding / contract documents.

Case 2 For buildings and structures directly affected by the Project, it is the present RAP implementation plan which is assessing such removals and corresponding compensations. In villages or towns, some buildings might be affected not only in terms of their physical value, but in terms of the commercial or social use made of them. The Project will help to compensate such losses through creating development opportunities at other places in the town or village, such as bus stops / lay-byes with small commercial areas around.

Valuation Compensation for buildinqs, fences and other structures affected bv the Proiect as iT GON DAR - DEBARK KOCKS , ROAD PROJ E CT INGENIEURE

removed only partly. For the present RAP implementation planning the replacement value was assessed on the principle of the Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Calculation of the Replacement Value of Buildings and other Structures Description Unit Birr / Number Total Value Unit of Units (Birr) Hollow block building m2 of built area Mud building m2 of built area Wooden fence m2 of surface Brick fence m2 of surface Other structure Whole structure

For detailed information on those unit values the respective technical offices in the project area were consulted including the agriculture office, municipality/town administration, etc. There is also a difficulty in calculating a unit value for such structures as tukuls. In such cases subjective judgement plays the major role. To avoid biasness and unfairness, however, giving the responsibility to legitimate committee members is quite crucial.

3.5.4 Temporary Dispossession of agricultural Land Principles Agricultural land needed temporarily for detour roads or for other use in connection with the construction works, including borrow pits, quarries and access roads to such areas, shall be restored by the contractor to its original state after the temporary use for the construction works is over (if such land is taken permanently, the compensation principles described in the next sub-chapter shall be used). Particular articles and clauses of the conditions of contract and the technical specification of the bidding / contract documents are stipulating the reinstatement as a contractual obligation of the contractor. For the time the agricultural user is deprived from revenues pertaining to such land, compensation shall be paid to him, to the amount calculated according to the method set below. As the needs for such land depend on the contractor's work programme, it is the latter's obligation to provide the relevant information/data/plans prior to opening a new construction section according to the same procedure as described earlier for Case 1. Following this procedure, payment(s) for compensation will then be effected through the works contract. Details are specified in the conditions of contract and the bill of quantities of the works contract. The ERA's current approach for the dispossession of open grazing land is that no compensation is required for such land, because it is considered as undeveloped. The Consultant is following this approach; however, reinstatement is a compulsory measure as described elsewhere in this Report.

Valuation The compensation amount per hectare of agricultural land used for crops shall be calculated through the formula:

C = R + R/(1+i) + R/(1+i)2 + ... + R/(1+i)n where C = Amount of compensation R = Average annual net income n = Duration of the dispossession (in years) i = Discount rate in % p.a. GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > \s ROAD PROJECT IN G E N I E U R E

a farm budget as shown in APPENDIX 5, by using local market prices, based on expertise given by the agricultural representative of the concerned Woreda. The final calculation for compensation will then be done by the land compensation committee according to the price level of the year of implementation of the compensation.

Irrigated agriculture (especially for vegetables) shall be calculated with the same formula as rainfed agriculture. Since the average annual net income (R) of irrigated agriculture is much higher, the calculation method will automatically result in an adequate (higher) compensation. In addition to the compensation for lost cultivation, the reconstruction of the irrigation system has to be paid or to be provided through the works contract.

The interest rate to be used in the calculation for discounting future amounts of money shall reflect the opportunity yield of money, which is dealt with in the ensuing sub-chapters. Adjustments to the above formula have to be made in the following cases: - If the dispossession starts at the moment the crop is already standing, the full gross income of that crop, i.e. its value without any deduction for inputs and labour, has to be considered in the formula for year 0, instead of just "R". - If perennial crops (including from fruit trees) are affected, the time lapse between replanting and the bearing of the first fruit has to be added to "n"; it has, however, to be considered that land formerly or temporarily used for a road (even a detour road) is improper for coffee cultivation; the formula has to be modified accordingly.

The pattern for calculating the compensation for land temporarily taken away from its agricultural use is shown in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Calculation Method for the Compensation for temporary Dispossession of agricultural Land for Road Construction Purposes Year * Lost net Discounting (2) x (3) = Number of Total of Income per Factor Hectares (4) x (5) ha (Birr / ha) (Birr/ ha) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Compensation Year 1 ** to be paid Year 1 1j(1+j/ Year 2 1/(l+i)2 //////

Year n Tota I * Years during which the land is out of use for cropping, counting from the year in which it is taken away ** If the crop is already standing when the land is taken away, use the gross income for year 0 instead of the net income

3.5.5 Permanent Dispossession of agricultural Land

Principles It is first necessary to state those areas which will be permanently changed from their former agricultural use to become part of the Project Road. Where road realignments are built, it will be possible to restore the abandoned road section as agricultural land, by removing the pavement, etc. and by preparing the subsoil and putting topsoil instead. In the extent at which agricultural land taken for the road will GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS , ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE temporary dispossession of agricultural land (preceding sub-chapter) shall apply. There may also be other cases in which such agricultural land taken for the road can be changed against equivalent land nearby. Priority should always be given to such compensation in kind.

In the extent at which the agricultural land lost cannot be replaced, the rules for monetary compensation for the permanent dispossession of agricultural land shall apply.

According to the general principle set forth in the ERA Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework, that "focus is on restoring the income earning capacity of the project-affected persons", the loss of income from agricultural land which has to be compensated if such land is permanently taken for the road construction is for an infinite number of years.

Compensation shall be given by the ERA on the basis of the RAP implementation plan of the present Project, which will assess such removals and corresponding compensations.

The ERA's current approach for the dispossession of open grazing land is that no compensation is required for such land, because it is considered as undeveloped. The Consultant is generally following this approach, however, compensation by a reinstated area of an abandoned section of the existing road in realignments will be considered as far as possible.

Valuation A compensation amount corresponding to the sum of an infinite series of annual net incomes from one hectare, if a discount rate is used, results from the following formula: 2 C = R + R/(l+i) + R/(l+i) + ... + R/(l+i) or C = R + Rli where C = Amount of compensation R = Average annual net income from 1 ha exponent = expresses the year from the dispossession i = Discount rate in % p.a.

The average net income earned on one hectare (1 ha) is determined as explained in the preceding sub-chapter. The discount rate will be dealt with in the following sub- chapter. Table 3.4: Calculation Method for the Compensation for permanent Dispossession of agricultural Land for Road Construction Purposes Year Lost net Multiplier (2) x (3) = Number of Total of Income per Hectares (4) x (5) ha (Birr / ha) (Birr / ha) (1) (2) (3/) (4) (5) Compensation Year* 1to be paid All other 1/i (Birr)

yea rs______

Total _ _ _ _ _ * If the crop is already standing when the land is taken away, use the gross income for year 0 instead of the net income GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS > - ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E UR E

An adjustment has to be made to the above formula if the dispossession starts at the moment the crop is already standing. In that case, the full gross income of that crop, i.e. its value without any deduction for inputs and labour, has to be considered in the formula for year 0, instead of just the first "R".

Irrigated agriculture (especially for vegetables) shall be calculated with the same formula as rainfed agriculture. Since the 'average annual net income' (R) of irrigated agriculture is much higher, the calculation method will automatically result in an adequate (higher) compensation.

In the case of fruit trees, the calculation has to take into account a major interruption of the income series after a tree has reached its economic limit of life and a new tree planted instead will have reached its fruit bearing age. 3.5.6 Valuation of affected Trees

Eucalyptus is nearly the only species of trees that will be affected due to the road upgrading. Other trees are hardly affected. Field measurements of representative sample areas showed that 1.5 matured Eucalyptus trees are grown in one square metre area which is deemed as an adequate approach in calculating the compensation costs. As per field level information gathered from the relevant bodies at Woredas a mature tree (a single one) costs about 12 Birr. 3.5.7 Discount Rate

The interest rate used in the calculations for discounting future incomes to their present value shall reflect the opportunity yield of money placed in the productive sector. According to information received at the Economic Research Department of the National Bank of Ethiopia, the normal interest rate used by private banks for medium term loans to the productive sector is at present: 7.5% p.a.

This rate reflects the minimum expectation for the returns from such investments. In the informal sector, lending (mostly short term) fetches interest rates of 10% per month, i.e. over 100% per annum.

In the project area, there is considerable potential for profitable small-scale investments in rural activities, including food processing. Such investments could be guided by the provincial development agencies. It is thought that an average interest rate of 12.0% p.a. can be assumed as a reasonable opportunity yield if money is placed wisely. This rate shall be used as a discount rate in the calculations.

For the permanent dispossession of one hectare (1 ha) of rainfed agricultural land cropped with cereals, which otherwise would provide an annual net income of 1,000 Birr, applying this interest rate leads to a compensation amount of 1,000 + (1,000 / 0.12) = 9,333 Birr if the dispossession takes place before the fieldworks have been started, and the amount of about 9,800 Birr if the dispossession takes place at the moment where the crop is standing (and has to be destroyed).

3.6 Width of Corridor

With regards to the present situation of the Right-of-Way (ROW) as described in sub-chaDter 3.5.2 thepr i- no neei tn rnmnpnczntp for mnrn th:hn tha l:nrl roi0irarl GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

land and structures for permanent dispossession is based on the following boundaries: (al) The existing road with its boundaries on the left and the right side defined by either of the following points and lines: the intersection of the slope of an embankment fill with the natural ground; the intersection of a cut slope with the natural ground; . the intersection of the slope of a road side ditch or drain with the natural ground; * the logical continuation of the above lines at locations of existing structures. (a2) The new road corridor which may include in whole or in part, or not at all the existing road and shall supersede the existing road, and the boundaries of the new road corridor on the left and the right side are defined by either of the following points and lines: . the intersection of the slope of an embankment fill with the natural ground plus an additional parallel strip of two metres (2m) width; * the intersection of a cut slope exceeding one metre (1m) height with the natural ground plus an additional parallel strip of three metres (3m) width; * the intersection of a cut slope of less than one metre (tm) height or of the slope of a road side ditch or a drain with the natural ground plus an additional parallel strip of one metre width; a the logical continuation of the above lines at locations of structures.

These boundaries are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The drawings and the description of these boundaries have also to be included in the Bidding/Contract Documents Conditions of Contract 'Right of Access to the Site', as the binding limits during the implementation of the Project.

Figure 1: Typical Cross Section for upgraded Road in Cut

The Si+e of the Permonenf Works

f3C r -- o*%'.o

tf/ i .n,,.f4 or fnb,d P.

.tt./ 7

C/ ^ 00 //

0.50 .5I0

______r ______77

.. *OOt ' -- b 0S.hn GO N DAR - DEBARK KO C KS j ; ROAD PROJECT I NG E N I E U R E

Figure 2: Typical Cross Section for Upgrading/Widening with Embankment Fill The Site of the Permanent Works

2.00 Uplr t.d/Wid..d Road 2.00

Shoulder Corrig-woy , Shoulder .

1.50 3.5 50 1.50

+0.0275 A +0.0875 3.,o2.SY -0.0F875 4Y. -0.5475

General Embckment slope 3:Z (H:V, [staic Posoer,tN Ernmbonkme,rtHeight

------Eoifth OrcGnd

Slaeerte cnd Topsoil Strip rs /AX/A /

-1.00 -6.00 -1.00 , oechiog

.Shouer,| C.nrkageooy Sho-lder

-8.00 Ealstln Pxd.

3.7 Cost Estimate Based on the cadastral survey and the detailed inventory of immovable properties the respective land compensation requirements including all construction and other structures can be determined. With the exception of land taken which can be changed against equivalent land, the corresponding cost for compensation of permanent dispossession of land including all construction and other structures can be calculated using the described calculation methods and formulas as well as relevant information on yields and prices, which has been collected in the project area. In all calculation the principles outlined in Proclamation no. 455/2005 need to be followed.

3.8 Elicibility Criteria ERA has committed itself to take into account World Bank requirements for determining compensation. Thus, the eligibility criteria contained in OP 4.12 of the World Bank's operational manual on involuntary resettlement is the one that ERA follows when determining eligible persons for compensation. The eligibility criteria set by the World Bank is basically in line with the national legal requirements. Therefore, the following criteria for eligibility for displaced persons contained in OP 4.12 are adopted in this RAP: - Those who have formal legal right to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized by law of the country); - Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to such lands or assets - provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the country or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan; and - Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying. Persons who encroach on the area subject to expropriation after a 'cut-off date' are not entitled. During consultations with local officials, they were informed that no one would be entitled to compensation after the survey was conducted. For the present project road, the 'cut-off date' is set as the 15 November 2006. GO N DAR - D E BARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I NG E N I E UR E

properties and farm lands found within the existing right-of-way) were determined including the compensation rates taking into account the ERA's Resettlement Policy and World Bank requirements. However, during implementation of this RAP each affected household head or individual person or party that claim entitlement have to prove their legal rights over the property to be expropriated in order to qualify as a legitimate stakeholder and to receive compensation.

3.9 RAP Implementation Committee

Compensation for permanent Dispossession of Land In order to avoid financial implications (claims of the contractor), the compensation for the permanent dispossession of land including all construction and other structures has to be completed well in advance to the start of the construction activities. This land has to be made available to the contractor as the 'Site of the Permanent Works', which the conditions of the works contract define as the places to be provided by the Employer (ERA) where the works are to be executed. Therefore, as soon as the final decision for the implementation of the Project or a project section will be made (e.g. at the time of the invitation of contractors for pre- qualification and/or tendering) a committee needs to be established to conduct the final valuation of assets and properties for compensation. Appropriate individuals drawn from sector offices, local government bodies, affected community, and, if necessary, an independent consultant should form this land compensation committee. The most important sector offices and representatives are Agriculture, Woreda Administration, Woreda women representative(s), Kebele Administration and influential persons from the Kebele (affected Kebele), Health, Woreda or Zone level urban development office (especially estimating houses and other civil structures). 0. The RAP Implementation Committee will be the official body for the implementation of the RAP and will carry out the following activities: (i) The review/update of the valuation of permanent lost assets and properties for compensation as included in the RAP implementation plan of the present Project, which will have the basis of the year 2006 price level. This review/update: * will consider possible variation (increase) of unit values which may occur between the year 2006 and the time of the actual implementation of the RAP; * shall be based on the available inventories and the RAP implementation plan of the present Project (which will define also the applicable cut-off date/eligibility for compensation); and * shall use the provided calculation methods and formulas. (ii) Payment of each household/person eligible for compensation as per the final amount/compensation calculated/determined in the above review/update of the valuation.

Compensation for temporary Dispossession of Land As already described in the preceding chapters, the required compensation for the temporary dispossession of land including all construction and other structures can only be determined at the beginning and/or during the construction of the road, since it is depending on the contractor's work programme and working method (detour roads and the temporary use of other areas needed for the construction works, including borrow pits, quarries and access roads to such areas/locations). For this purpose the RAP Implementation Committee has to be available also during the implementation period of the Project. As already detailed in above, the compensation for the temporary dispossession of land follows a three step - -- A. I 1- - GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS > R O A D PROJ ECT INGENIEURE

(i) Submission of plans/data by the contractor showing the details of the location and the size of the land he requires for temporary use including affected constructions lying on such areas. (ii) Review those plans and information by the construction supervisor & the RAP Implementation Committee. (iii) Payment of the final/approved amount(s) for compensation by the contractor after instruction from the supervisor & the RAP Implementation Committee.

3.10 Grievance Redress Mechanism

All compensation payments are expected to be effected in the presence of the Implementation Committee proposed by this RAP. In cases where dispute arises between the principal two parties - the ERA and subsidiary other local government authorities in the project affected area on the one side and on the other side the project affected persons (PAPs) - the most preferred way of settling is by arbitration. This is permissible under Ethiopian law (see Articles, 3325-3336 of the Civil Code). The concerned parties are entitled to determine the number and composition of the arbitral tribunal. In the case of a dispute arising regarding compensation amounts both in kind and monetary terms, it is suggested that the maximum number of the member of the arbitral tribunal should not exceed five. This would allow meaningful representation from local government authorities and project-affected people. To avoid delay in decision making the number of tribunal members should not exceed this figure. The composition of the arbitral tribunal could be decided from the outset instead of leaving it to the disputants to appoint the arbitrators. This would be the preferred option since it might take a lot of time to appoint arbitrators if let to the disputing parties. It would also allow the appointment of relevant persons from both the local authorities and PAPs and as far as possible 'independent' persons to make the decisions. The RAP Implementation Committee who initially decided the compensation rate should by no means be members of the arbitral tribunal since they would be involved in the original compensation assessment. However, they will initiate the arbitration process and assigning members of the tribunal. Accordingly, it is suggested that the following be members of the arbitral tribunal: (i) In Urban Areas (Towns) - One member from the Woreda Council - chairperson. - One member from the Woreda Urban Development Department. - One member from the Kebele Administration. - Two members elected by the project-affected persons from the community where the resettlement/compensation is to take place. These two members must not be directly affected by the expropriation. (ii) In Rural Areas - One member from the Woreda Council - chairperson - One member from the Woreda Agricultural Office - One member from the Kebele ( peasant association) - Two members elected by the project-affected persons from the community where the resettlement/compensation is to take place. These two members must not be directly affected by the expropriation. In case the dispute is not resolved by the RAP Implementation Committee, then the Committee will initiate arbitral tribunal. If any of the parties disagrees, the aggrieved party has the right to appeal to the ordinary courts of law in their locality. What should be underlined here is that the Preferred oDtion of disDute settlement _ GO N DAR - DE BARK KO C KS : ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

may take a very long time even years before a final decision is made and, therefore, should not be the preferred option for both parties concerned.

3.11 Implementation Procedure for the RAP

The ERA ROW and EMSB Branches together with the local authorities will be responsible for the implementation and management of the varies RAP activities. Zonal and Woreda authorities, rural and urban Kebele administration officials that are found in each of the affected areas of the Projects would also be responsible in implementing the compensation process either in rural or urban areas. In line with the proposed activities indicated earlier organisations that are expected to have a primary role include: - Zonal Administration Offices - Zonal Industry and Urban Development Departments - Municipalities - Woreda Administration Offices - Zonal Water Resources Offices - Woreda Water Resources Desks - Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Services - Zonal Agricultural Desks - Woreda Agricultural Offices

Table 3.5: Organisations to be involved in the Implementation of RAP in Urban Areas

No. Organisation Activity/Responsibility 1 Ethiopian Roads Authority Budget Allocation, Coordination and implementation of the compensation and resettlement action plan and Monitoring & evaluation. Coordinate restoration of services and utilities (water and electric) 2 Amhara Regional State Coordination, awareness creation and monitoring and evaluation 3 Zonal Administration Coordinate the whole resettlement issued, facilitate Offices compensation for RAP, and facilitate land for land compensation, facilitate the relocation sites and the restoration of services. 4 Zonal Industry and Urban Compensation of estimate for issues, prepare site Development Department plan for the relocation of RAP 5 Municipalities Identify land for the relocation of PAP and provide support in restoration; and provide special attention and support for the disabled, sick, elderly and female headed households 6 Zonal Agricultural Desks Coordination and support of PAP and preparation o cost estimate 7 Urban Water Supply Relocation of water supply pipes and construct new Services line in areas where PAP will be re-housed/relocated 8 Kebeles and Elders Provide advice on the fairness in relocation process and valuation of compensation and coordinate on the support to be made for elders, FHH and disabled 9 Representatives of PAP Represents PAP in all meeting and discussions held with ROW branch of ERA and with other offices 10 Telecommunication Relocation of telephone lines 11 EEPCO Relocation of electric Doles GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS RO AD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Each of the above organisations will be engaged in the RAP implementation process depending on their area of concern. For instance, relocating a water pipeline will be the responsibility of the water offices at different levels while the agriculture offices will be engaged in the crop assessment, etc.

The ERA through its ROW and EMSB Branches will have an overall responsibility for monitoring resettlement implementation and their local/regional office(s) will coordinate, inspect and supervise local RAP implementation activities. EMSB will be responsible for further monitoring, supervising and assessing RAP operations.

Table 3.6: Organisations to be involved in the Implementation of RAP in Rural Areas

No. Organisation Activity/ Responsibility 1. Ethiopian Roads Authority Budget Allocation, Coordination and Implementation of the compensation and resettlement action plan and Monitoring & evaluation. Coordinate restoration of services (water and electric) 2. Amhara Regional State Coordination, awareness creation and monitoring and evaluation 3. Zonal Administration Coordinate the whole resettlement issue, facilitate Offices compensation for PAP, and facilitate land for land compensation, facilitate the relocation sites and the restoration or services 4. Woreda Administration Identify land for the relocation of PAP and provide Offices support in restoration; and provide special attention and support for the disabled, sick, elderly and female headed households 5. Woreda Agricultural Offices Preparation of cost for the valuation of compensation of crops and permanent trees 6. Peasant Association Coordinating resettlers 7. Representatives of the PAP Represents PAP in all meetings and discussions held with ROW branch of ERA and with other offices 8. Zonal Agricultural Desks Participate in the implementation of the RAP (compensation for land, crops and permanent Trees, Ll etc.)

Payment of Compensation In general the payment of the compensation amount should be in cash, since most of the beneficiaries have no bank account or they are located far from a bank to cash a cheque. However, when the RAP Implementation Committee deems it advantageous to the beneficiary or when the beneficiary is requesting so, a cheque can be issued and the Committee may even assist in opening a bank account for depositing the compensation amount. Another mode of payment is through commercial nominees in the project area.

In several sections of this RAP (e.g. sub-chapters '3.4.7 Services/Utilities' and '3.5.3 Valuation of Constructions and other Structures') it is described that "payment of compensation will be done through the works contract". This procedure has been recommended with regards to many problems during past and current projects (e.g. confusion in responsibility and coordination, delays in construction) and the compensation for temporary dispossession of land should be made through the works contract and by the contractor respectively (to be reimbursed by the ERA), all upon approval and under strict supervision of the RAP Implementation Committee. GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS , _ ROAD PROJECT I N GE N I EU R E

4. RAP IMPEMENTATION PLANNING OF THE GONDAR - DEBARK ROAD

4.1 Collection and Review of available existing Documentation and Data

Prior to the field surveys, relevant project specific documents were made available by the ERA and have been studied so as to acquaint with the background information about the project road area as well as legal and policy issues that have a bearing on the sociological assessment and the preparation of the Land Compensation Report/Planning. Important documents reviewed/considered include: - ERA, Road Sector Development Programme II (2002 - 2007); - ERA Standard Environmental Methodologies and Procedures Manual - 2002; - ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework - 2002; - National and sectoral policies (Environment Policy) Proclamations and other related policy documents. - FDRE's Proclamation (No. 401/2004) on Appropriation of Land for Govt. Works - FDRE's Proclamation (No. 455/2006) on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation; - Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment of Eighteen Roads (Package B Road Project), Road No. 2 Gonder - Shire, Final Report, May 2003, Systra Sotecni in association with SPT and Panaf Consult; - Gondar - Mereb Road Upgrading Project, Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document Preparation: Bidding Documents, Volume D (Lot 1), December 1998 (including Plan/Longitudinal Profiles, Standard Drawings, Setting-out Data, etc. on A3 paper size), COWI-TCDE Joint Venture of Lyngby/Denmark in association with G. Teare + M. Tedros; - Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prepared in 2006 for the Gondar - Debark Road Project (ref. FS-2006 and EIA-2006).

4.2 Sociological Field Surveys and Inventories

Particular attention was paid to the study of the situation in the determined improvements the Project Road so as to investigate the possible impact due to a change of the existing right-of-way with a new one. Accordingly, the relevant sociological condition along the determined corridor of the Project Road and the possible socio-economic impacts were inventoried including: - Existing land use and vegetation; - Cultural and historical sites (e.g. cemeteries, churches, mosques, historical ruins); - Public/Governmental facilities (e.g. schools, hospitals, clinics); - Commercial areas and business establishments (e.g. market places, grinding mills, shops, hotels, bars and restaurants) and required improvement of associated infrastructure (e.g. bus lay-bys, parking bays, pedestrian walkways); - Initial assessment of land requirements and possibly effected houses/households; - Assessment of possible reinstatement/recultivation of abandoned road sections in realignments (for use as land compensation); - Etc.

Discussion with Different Stakeholders During the field study different governmental bodies were contacted to discuss a range of issues around the proposed road development. The discussions focused on the benefits and possible discomfort during the road construction and other possible implications. The various bodies contacted include: - Woreda administration (Debark): __) GO N DAR - DEBARK KOBCKS ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

- Woreda administration (Dabat); - Municipality authorities of the major towns along the project road; - ERA district office (Gondar).

A list of organisations and individuals contacted during the field surveys is presented in APPENDIX 3.

Community Level Discussion A series of discussions were conducted with groups of individuals met along the Project Road so as to get their impression on the proposed road upgrading and its broad implication on the livelihood of the communities, and to identify possible negative and positive socio-economic impacts. Undertaking a sociological investigation has become one principal procedure in order to minimise any adverse effect associated with the implementation of the road project and to propose appropriate mitigation measures. All possible social-economic impacts are assessed and recorded. The degree of displacement and dispossession of properties is also assessed.

Broadly speaking, the findings from the sociological field surveys reveal that no adverse direct or indirect impacts are expected on sensitive cultural, heritage and socially significant locations. If mitigation and benefit enhancement measures are adopted, adequate compensation is paid to offset all direct and indirect effects of displacement of families from housing premises, there are no social and environmental grounds for not proceeding to the implementation of the Gondar - Debark Road Project. The long-term socio-economic benefits are such that they far outweigh the minor and short-term inconvenience which will accompany project implementation. The improvement/upgrading of the Project Road will entail the relocation of few houses on the road side villages due to increasing the width of the carriageway and at some locations, due to horizontal and vertical alignment improvement, construction of drainage structures, etc.

Health Situation including HIV/AIDS Health services of different levels are found in the towns along the Gondar - Debark road: - Gondar Referral Hospital (University); - Amba Georgis Health Post; - Dabat Health Centre; - Debark District Hospital.

The Amba Georgis Health Post is not fully functioning since more serious cases are usually treated in Gondar. The Dabat Health Centre can provide basic health services. The Debark District Hospital was recently constructed and has 42 beds as well as laboratory and nurse training facilities; it can (could) provide extended health services, but due to its "remoteness" mainly attributed to the poor road condition it is extremely difficult to find and to keep qualified staff there, especially doctors.

As shown in Table 4.1 below, the most severe health problems/diseases of the region are pneumonia/respiratory diseases and the main cause of these diseases is the omnipresent dust coming from the existing unsealed road. In any health problem listed below the most vulnerable group are mothers and children. In particular children in these rural regions are often affected by malnutrition, intestinal parasites and diarrhoeal diseases. GO N DAR - DEBARK _, ROAD PROJECT NG E N I EK U R E

Table 4.1: Main Diseases in particular Areas along the Project Road (2003-2005) Description Dabat Area Debark Area

Malaria V V Internal Parasites/Jardia VV' V V Tuberculosis VV Dysentery and Diarrhoea Diseases vIv' VV Pneumonia/Respiratory Diseases VV Gastritis VlV VI Malnutrition l Eye Diseases VVV VV Skin Diseases V/V V/ Sun burn V V HIV/AIDS prevalence V/ Source: Consultant, collected from the Health Centre in Dabat and the District Hospital in Debark. Legend: Severity Scale 'v = less severe' to '//V = very severe'.

The influx of people by the contractor's work force may create an impact on the community health as well as on the construction workers themselves through communicable diseases and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS.

Concerning general health problems in the project area and STIs including HIV/AIDS, the contractor's Safety/Health Officer shall liaise with the local health authorities and provide the necessary information on precautionary measures to the work force through educational lesson(s).

4.3 Cadastral Survey Based on the initial sociological inventories an assessment of the requirements for the details of the cadastral survey and the subsequent RAP implementation planning has been done. Cadastral survey was carried out as a basis for the valuation for compensation and resettlement measures.

The survey information enables to identify the details of the affected plots (e.g. plot description, land use, user). This data is prepared in plans at a scale of 1:2,000 showing the number of households and their properties which will be affected due to the land requirement, a mandatory process for the present road project. The design for the proposed road improvement/upgrading has given due attention not to disturb the urban sections with new realignment sites other than the existing right-of-ways.

4.4 Detail socio-economic Survey

Based on the result/plans of the cadastral survey a detailed inventory of immovable properties conducted at the household level was carried out, providing information on household characteristics and dispossessed properties (land, house, etc.). The records include the following information: - Housing units (ownership, type, service of the house, size, number, etc.); - Land (type, area, land user); - Standing crops (type, area); - Trees (type, size, no., owner); GONDAR - DEBARK AD PROJECTKOCKS RO AD PROJECT I N GE N I E U R E ~

This inventory list is also establishing the cut-off date and eligibility criteria for compensation. Accordingly, households whose properties are recorded at the time of the field investigation will only be eligible for compensation.

4.5 Public Consultation / Town Meetings

During the field study different governmental bodies were contacted to discuss a range of issues around the proposed road development. The discussions focused on the benefits and possible discomfort during the road construction and other possible implications. The various bodies that were contacted include: - Zonal level administration (Gondar); - Zone and Woreda level agriculture (BoA) & Natural Resource Development offices; - ERA district office (Gondar); - Traffic police offices; - Municipality authorities, Woreda and Kebele administration officials of the towns and Kebeles along the Project Road. Discussions were also conducted at community level e.g. with Kebele administration officials and groups/individuals who were met along the Project Road so as to get their impression on the proposed road upgrading. The discussion at this level mainly focused on knowing the general attitudes of the public towards the proposed road project, its implication on the livelihood of the communities, and to identify possible negative and positive socio-economic impacts.

Joint session town meetings (ERA, Consultant, town administration officials, officials/representatives from Woreda and Kebele) were held in order to have a common understanding of the town's future development plans and the proposed benefit enhancement measures of the envisaged Project. In general the purpose of the town meetings is: - to provide information on the objectives of the proposed/planned Gondar - Debark Road Project in general and in particular for the town passages; - to discuss about possible impacts on public/social facilities, pedestrians and housing units in the towns located along the Project; and - to obtain first hand information on possible problems (e.g. drainage, parking, accident/traffic safety issues) and planned developments, which solutions and requirements may be considered in the subsequent review/update of the engineering designs (Project Phase 2), and the planning of mitigation and benefit enhancement measures respectively.

The minutes of meetings held with Kebele, town and Woreda administrations are attached in APPENDIX 4.

4.6 Valuation of Land Compensation Reauirements 4.6.1 Refinement of Valuation Method

Though national level proclamation on the appropriation of land for Government works is enacted (FDRE's Proclamation No. 401/2004 and No. 455/2006) details on compensation regulations and directives are not yet issued by the relevant authorities. Therefore, a meeting was held with representatives of the ERA Legal Division and the Consultant to discuss this issue and to determine the final approach for the present land compensation planning. In calculating compensation amounts the existing norms have been used with some amendments so as to make the entire procedure fair and to restore the livelihood of the affected individuals in accordance with ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKSK IADNG E NI E U R E

4.6.2 Valuation of Land Loss

As indicated, the road improvement/upgrading entails the dispossession of both crop and grazing land in certain locations where a realignment or road improvement is required. All of such locations together with properties and other infrastructures on them are well identified. Under the present RAP implementation plan the following two kinds of arrangements have been used to compensate the peasants who will lose their land on permanent basis with the preferred arrangement to replace land from any available source that includes land from the existing road alignment that will be abandoned due to the proposed realignments: (a) Land Replacement As much as possible land for replacing land loss has been identified in the present process of the RAP implementation planning. The study indicates that there is a great number of possibilities to replace land from the existing road as it is abandoned and changed with new alignment. What is required is to reinstate the areas of abandoned road sections so as to make them suitable for agricultural purposes. Reinstating the abandoned road sections will be one major task during the road implementation phase. Peasants who will have a replacement from such arrangement (having a substitute from the abandoned road) will be given a two year gross income. This is with the assumption that they will only forgo a two year income from the loss of land for the road improvement/upgrading until the land can provide an income again. Once the road is completed they are expected to resume cultivating their new land from the reinstated old road section/portion. (b) Cash Compensation Cash compensation is a widely practised form of compensating individuals who lose their land. This continues to be another arrangement for those who will not have a land replacement for a portion of the land taken or for the entire area of land loss. Those shall receive an amount corresponding to the sum of an infinite series of annual gross incomes from the lost land. For this purpose a one year crop budget and gross income is calculated and the proportion of income equivalent to the land loss is determined. The farm budget calculation in the project area shows that a peasant draws a gross annual income of Birr 3,770 from producing cereal from a hectare of land. In calculating the infinite series a discount rate of 12 per cent (12%) is taken. This gross income has been considered in compensating peasants for their lost land. The income proportion equivalent to the size of lost land is calculated accordingly. This procedure was found to be the fairest possible way of compensating the affected individuals. In other projects a three or five year period of lost income was used, which is considered as inappropriate and unfair.

4.6.3 Calculation of affected Structures

Along the entire Project Road a limited number of houses and fences will be affected due to the road improvement/upgrading. The field inventory has identified all of these houses together with their floor area. Compensation for houses is calculated at replacement cost considering the current construction cost.

In most cases along the entire Project Road fences are constructed in a very simple way using locally available materials. In relocating them what is mainly costing is the labour demand to erect them in the new location. As per this premise Birr 3.0/m is considered as the appropriate cost to relocate the fences assuming that most of the existing material can still be used in the new location and that a portion of about 25% new material may be required. .)GO NDAR - DEBARK KOCKS RO AD PROJECT INGENIEURE

4.6.4 Valuation of affected Trees

Eucalyptus is nearly the only species of trees that will be affected due to the road upgrading. Other trees are hardly affected. Field measurements of representative sample areas showed that 1.5 matured Eucalyptus trees are grown in one square metre area which is deemed as an adequate approach in calculating the compensation costs. As per field level information gathered from the relevant bodies at Woredas a mature tree (a single one) costs about 12 Birr.

4.6.5 Compensation Requirements

Key Project Data Project Location: North-western Part of Ethiopia Region: Amahra National Regional State in the Zone: North Gondar Project Road Length: 100 km (existing Road Length 103 km) Status: Upgrading from gravel to bituminous Standard Road Functional Classification: Link road Proposed Surfacing Type: DBSD/AC

Summary of Calculation of compensation Requirements

LOCATION DESCRIPTIONDECIPIN UNITNT Gondar Wegera Dabat Debark TOTAL Zone Woreda Woreda Woreda Zone Project affected Households - Total No. 225 550 440 285 1,500 - Female headed No. 42 34 39 35 150 - Male headed No. 183 516 401 250 1,350 Total Number of PAPs No. 1,100 2,750 2,100 1,550 7,500 (incl. PAPs of affected Houses &Tukuls) (No.) (243) (42) (57) (39) (381) Affected Institutional , B No. 0 0 0 0 0 Buildings Houses affected fully No. 30 4 8 6 48 Houses affected partially No. 5 2 1 1 9 Affected Structures No. 0 0 0 0 0 Loss of agricultural Lands No. 70 180 95 55 400 permanently ------'------,------Loss of Lands temporarily No. 70 190 180 130 570 Loss of Fruit Trees Land No 0 0 0 0 0 permanently Affected Trees No. 400 1,800 1,300 1,500 5,000 Affected Electric Lines m 650 800 1,400 1,150 4,000 Affected Telephone Lines m 500 750 650 600 2,500 Affected Water Pipes (2.5" m.,5.5.0.0.,0 &3) m 1,250 , 450 , 600 _ 700 3,000 ,GO N DAR - DEBARK ROAD ROAD PROJECT 1)KO I N G E CKSN I E U R E

4.7 Estimated Cost for ComRensation With regards to the approach and procedures described in the preceding sections of the present Report, the costs for the compensation and the implementation of the RAP respectively have been estimated as follows. (i) Land compensation cost for the 'Site of the permanent Works' comprising permanent and temporary dispossession of land (with crops, trees, etc.), relocation of houses and structures (e.g. fences, walls): Estimated Cost ETB 1,130,000.00 Add about 15% for Contingencies ETB 170,000.00 Add about 15% for Price Escalation ETB 200,000.00 Subtotal 1 ETB 1,500,000.00 (ii) Land compensation cost for the site establishment (contractor's and engineer's office and houses): Estimated Cost ETB 303,000.00 Add about 15% for Contingencies ETB 45,000.00 Add about 15% for Price Escalation ETB 52,000.00 Subtotal 2 ETB 400,000.00 (iii) Land compensation cost for dispossession of land as part of the Site included in Bill No. 1, General Provisions, in the Bill of Quantities of the Works Contract (comprising permanent and temporary dispossession for e.g. detours, access/haul roads, borrow pits, quarries, deposit areas) excluding Tax/VAT: Estimated Cost ETB 1,500,000.00 Contractor's overheads (20%) ETB 300,000.00 Add 10% for Contingencies ETB 180,000.00 Subtotal 3 ETB 1,980,000.00 (iv) Relocation of public utility lines included in Bill No. 2, Site Clearance, in the Bill of Quantities of the Works Contract excluding Tax/VAT: Estimated Cost ETB 600,000.00 Contractor's overheads (25%) ETB 150,000.00 Add 10% for Contingencies ETB 75,000.00 Subtotal 4 ETB 825,000.00 The total estimated land compensation/RAP cost (sum of subtotal 1 to 4) is: ETB 4,705,000.00 4.8 Monitoring and Evaluation The main objectives of the monitoring and evaluation processes are to assess the extent or magnitude of progress in the operations executed, to identify area of contentions or dissatisfaction, to suggest corrective measures and solving pending issues. In addition to these main objectives, the monitoring and evaluation scheme is important in providing information in the assessments of mitigation measures for further corrections and further RAP preparation. Internal monitoring Internal monitoring will be conducted by the EMSB of the ERA, following the plan described and the ERA bored should make the necessary follow-up to ensure that proper monitoring is being undertaken. Likewise local governmental administrative officials and professionals, representative of PAPs will also conduct their own monitoring or in collaboration with ERA. External monitoring External monitoring will be conducted by the consultant and also by the federal and regional EPA. The committee to be formed for the executions of monitoring and evaluation process will arrange meetings with PAPs if necessary and expected to work together with the ERA Right- of-Way branch and other stakeholders. The importance of monitoring and evaluation is geared towards the attainment of the goal. The frequency of monitoring and evaluation may GO N DAR - DE BARK KOCKS > 4 R O A D PR OJE CT INGENEURE

In the process of monitoring and evaluation, the following issues shall be checked: - Appropriateness of relocation sites. - Mechanisms used for restorations and restitutions of PAPs. - Amounts and methodologies used for compensation payments. - Appropriateness of the time schedule for the implementation of RAP. - Special cares, supports and assistances that have been made for social groups that need additional assistance. - Restoration of social amenities and services. - Grievances and problems encountered in the implementations of RAP. - Appropriateness of grievance alleviating mechanisms.

The monitoring report by the ERA EMSB staff together with the RAP Implementing Committee will be prepared. Besides, monthly, quarterly and annual progress reports will be prepared during the implementation/construction of the Project and the supervision respectively.

4.9 RAP Disclosure

The World Bank OP 42 requires that the RAP will be submitted for their review. Once approved for public disclosure purposes, the RAP will be made available through the World Bank Info Shop. In addition, summarised information materials will be printed and distributed to inform people about the upcoming RAP implementation process.

The following process will be followed in disclosing the RAP: - The ERA will forward the RAP to designated places. These places include ERA's branches and regional offices as well as other public places as would be directed by the World Bank. - The ERA will announce in public advertisement and in the electronic media on the availability of RAP in designated places. - The ERA will advise its public relations and legal units to maintain contact with the relevant ministries, public agencies, local representatives and communities.

Further, during RAP implementation, the ERA and, if available, a RAP consultant will conduct information and stakeholder programme in the project areas so as to: - Inform and explain entitlement policy and options to the affected people prior to financial assistance. - Socially prepare the affected persons for relocation. - Help counter rumours and prevent unnecessarily distress. - Bring clarity on issues that might be raised by the PAPs about their entitlements. - Ask assistance from the local Woreda level administration and others for RAP implementation. - Ensure the special needs of vulnerable groups are properly addressed.

4.10 RAP Implementation Schedule

A schedule for the implementation of the RAP is given below comprising estimated time requirements for the varies phases and activities in completion of preparation and implementation of the RAP. ------C - ) - - - - __------_ ------__--- < ------

CIO z

0 ------ca. a. ------CD0 ------

C: 0------__- -_ _- - _-

CU N------.2

E ~ ------

-4 z

m- 0

Lu .br U

cx -57e

------4------E0------

u C

c ------0------

0000

en rL. - 4- i ------GO NDAR KOCKS - ROAD PROJECT NGENINGE NU

APPE N DIX

1 Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA and RAP 2 The World Bank Operational Policies 4.12 3 Organisations and Individuals contacted during the sociological Field Surveys 4 Minutes of Meetings 5 Yields and Prices for Cost Estimation 6 List of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) 7 References ^) GO N DAR - D E BARK KOCKS 3 \@ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

APPENDIX 1

Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA and RAP

II: Revivw of I11A AndI Preparation (of 3 RA.%P

i 41W :1-, rough!> illIpLC. DSCr tic Icabilit' MdtidV re-port pr0pared by-. S I"A it)\ jNI I(LhldtJ1LU %ViJi S' 1 a!i P.\NAF arld M1 other documents data and makc ficld In%enlq,aions nocessar.- ard nakc amendiientLs w,(it vhe necesszr .and oremJuce a finalsed deuiic-k ?casibihry stluds repor .

The ccon:tant '%iil am out a cormprehc:;i%e ETA with particular em,L'pasis on conservation irteresis (ilimpacts oI efrUs Olt On the road and adjoining areas, lands!ips, drainage channels. appropriate :otur and erosion cortrol mC.eLsrcs and water harvesting, loss of rare and nLdCI:zsc sirecies. opening nnd subCeqLent site resioratior of sources of antcrial and plant and :zcritruLuon 4.x mp instailations, man riiadc,' Jti:icldl aid ua:Jai forest -re:is, protected and scrnsitive habitats as parks protected forest areas. .zU and :tie dik'CatcnL c:- ex:stirQ setrner:s Tne con'uluan shall prepare environrmenial iniiXzailon plans for the projecl ronadisl. FLrdier details ore presented below.

2.1. IEn%ironrntnral Scroping: [Ih i . A Lef cor.5uhntns rllni ;nShall be! the fOit hf- a:.t1c. -cf infellnce. .icf1liues .nd irUpLC (frinmarv and s aiw)dalthiat are to be inlitudiI 01c I A.\ --II t1iC roaL : ShL1 LOM-prise all the I4< Oix. are required Wor an cm. :r'r ; ', as the'% are dos:n hca.l... l Cc'rsulant: h .Ih starl .hc Un1:.Jic:-v dsi upI-on he ItIuiis of( IIt -tdyxrea for the projcct roads anod drawvirg the I! o1fkIt vt1;leŽ ridt imnpacts, tO be :41:1.1Cred d11i';. (;ic -LsCsI-nlCrt.

22. I)cNcripliN.n nf tie Propr,6%ed Ruid Improvemrnt.s: DNLl ipicfn l iohe road nstructlon t%rk 4lall ct hascd cr1 thn rie: 'cu.esignpropcymals It k ll tUke tA)Ck of the JTIVV- smplv(r-crs- and] breA rhcm "'ew- :.N crd:: to delitr pe c* "orl;s in ordter to eiwe thc idcl'.3itjofinof their l;kev'criro1rmtm:ntil nmpcl .A carnvenien: v.ay t do so is to Incdk jL.11aL eaJi actki\' into the [ciS ltc luscS design. cunstrucnon. maintenance anod o 'er2ti np

2.3 St tidv $re:i: lht' '.Ei-h'. aI IIl::e tc'rrisov:reaL! and all su-Toundirg. LI, II iidCF -m.rOi.iea.lt rnfu:r:c.:.e-e hnere tic en\r:onn-cntal imnpacLs on th- 3 can 'c felt I >c pr;c5.N."J de; t. , 'utlb ar.i

IecriptionD24. of the Fnvironment: Ft c.inj.1T,lnt ha'.i ar-cnw:lme. Li;.:luatz and 1m;sent l-%leli ta on the: en lonneltLIl Llharc,cwilrsics of tlhe stud; area. 11 z'nal I ^I a 4 it'I 1IL'n LII ` isnLI ;1'i' e;on 1 fv -rYrI%';Iai Jn ol.-V, *vni.!'.' CNNiL' MlflCI1

I l . L. ... t, ,, - . -j F. . *~..:. 1- . 1 1 ~.*. I'It. E. .. 1..11:s;.' . Ii'IF -CA I,1jr'I 1'ŽCt Assctimer, - GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS \, ROAD PROJECT I N GE N I E U R E

: ;ur. . rc , l:ren!% xv:. te ;u.C' CLIul.i.n

i - 'te ifli.I CmIeleul nd 'lri ;,.dJ . 'A atrr j;; .lel . .1 I r-eain id downsitrcam. Lak andr x er sr-ciiK nSsUC

:,!n lild liehr aIsse3C. -;here i' l peVCiLClccnidge (u). Prorloios and 1- r (in lenr.h t kn . .] d:tM.lc] ;nfcrn sunShLIUIJ be indizated and preserted

hfl11 ' 0, tZtLi1 e lJPtI2 'it iin 1 l d laura typcs, ruLr or erdJangered specl-s qrgnficatm narurWl tLS^ ane sensiti' e h.abjims IncludSin pauks 1ad reserves etc . speCies of oninmcrcial imnnrtauc (medicinal plants. tishk nid relidnu, -if Lhc local pcople on these resoarzes; and species with Fpotential to become a :uisanc., vectors or dangerous. Ech and ever7 speclifc issue shal be assessed. inoctions. prm,porions and species type, r&eati;c dra-sit> uf specic5. pecp;e fcres: racine.li. and tra1dLit-o&dl resources managcment practices. at ailable resource NW opportunitmcs for devclopment iand detai'ed in•brnma-ion should h' :ndicated

Ž~.4w-C. .w.'n:cJ, 'I.: r/ dXnL'..tr 'ut. 51i-c'z..':ma :rnpiLt *ic t prOCLI ro3d on fi -i cJL , illmunitv. lurid use and c\: er and use types, land tenure svstcms r.Sd holding sizte. hunadn .''leme,l si3ti On iiralefLnfe facilities. lreceriwater supply and water resources

. AL;.i0:;1';; .i [;npet urbr >.':::ml and i ;::es, extstcncrt arn lffldi jgCflC.i' pCOJtCN. i!lql;::t I genlOcrorr cutotrol oev'r a,ilflc4iOin ol restcJurLc uSC righlts; paertn.5 :Iw:se7tlenr'S: Ui Y'raI Irpauct-eliS. iULhaeclcc cal andu hislirrinal sres. cultural heritages

2.5. Policy, ies-gal and .antidILIIISI1J?iveFramesm ork: R1- oi.sg.tant shall draw atteniLin !.e!o.C ir s I.rf.- !r.:eti iien.l 1 tIc' £lhhcpa l:Li:imenu±I Protection AuLh.tnil I-- R,K and oher sox -rrment illStitULi'l which ,\iI nL;i to bc i ppiied in respect 01 L ,"it : : 'd p-o"osg 1TarCxternll d0n10 7h:anc;na :Crasider;r!crnr.

. ,. l'lublic C-Drviirmhation : hc t inlu-'-lart 5ali ; rH ct pubc zcnsul:ation at ni.Ajor lw' I-s" AIaci: .!o;,2 .- n:un' .J:L to he .jffeOCIeL! the pricht ro:id. Interviews wvitl r iVihjUW1 ' J.' jfli . ..2 ::tr&v .:t; @r cc': t;1i . ;2r. *shnIi b}e ade c

'.iC n:: usj,lniredIshall ii hestL i :s.c: L:,; 1 i, or r tucruatr n 2 CO IN 1'-,r Their apini71ns 01n l:J' conL-truc ion wet s in ion tir a;'lcse eCft&:Le :licC C11; ir1-'murentI 1 heIJU tCo1m

* tS ).cU[iXtfil shLl. i'-; 4,ud and ±1.uiThes tr : cic;raie in t-he r oad

eWptne- t pr:'.proj!ct shall A .n b mndicated. hleL-on-mitant h;tl thelSse ;kev roles to he

* Ii' H V ;-.e difiren: Mi:lakc>llcls in eVij at celivcniz srxirCe'. Looc.s wVorks. or olher

L e:^tci'.w.ni the :'rc;let. :ric!llE; l >ne br WTbU:tat Ofl .u;d pJtiLi FIICH in :he pro'ec!. . owii&,titC*Fn -lcfl.m econitneniijti vns :'ite c, wuita1ULit r uC:si. and Lw', [1theC -,I-lrill,LZ-'l;i-iins arC to be tnorTodLncd into the prjet.

t . tJ s- x.r '110SE:iE-}-- I.i'l- '[,L§ .1;^,tl-ll"':I] slna...... $S1I-!111- 44- GO N DAR - D E BARK KOCKS ', R O AD PR O JE CT N GE N IE UR E

2.7. i)etermination of the i'oteniia1 lmpacts and Impacts on ihe Propustid Roads: Poteniil1 impacts to be assessed slia I include, but not be limited to: a Project louatiro poss:ble rscttlNci1icC of pe'.'plc. dSiiigc1 ofpropi)el ty values; losS Uf foiesl and acriculvr_ral Land. loss of \egetative cocer: deteric,ration or loss otf ecologicalh 4ensilive areaR, inm,pac- e n tlora and fauna: impact on hiistoric and culturai siLes, effec.s on %%aier resources outsidC and inŽvidc command arca, induced devcopnent. need for water hi.rxestinu b Project design: moditication oft disruption of natural drainage patterns: changes in groundw3ter regime and land-scape: design of road alignments and pavements as veill as bridges and culverts. interference Aith movements of 'Aldliler, livestock and local people:; road crossings for people and animals, sensitive alignmients, and water harxesting. c- Couvrruciion works: poctential landslides. susceptibility to erosions, si-carn wid lake sedimentatUon: wvater logging at b .rrrow pits and quarries; construction spoils: air pallu ion: noise. mLel and oii spiils; ianiary conditions aid health risks associated wtith constructionl cailmps and3 orkcrs cLrniiL.- into the area; social conflicts betw:ee1 inmported wkorkers anid local people on water and oliher resources. d Project operatioun: road spjlls and road runoff pollution. roadside waste; air pollution; iio ,ie: :raflic safet issues, undcs:rable habit Fefi over by the constructioin workers. Inputs 0: ilIC -o LI ii. Pno v' 11C% S.

T1hi scorinn rart of the EIA shall Jetermine the exact list of imp.acts that should be nvlEestT:i!ledl.

2.8. 4nal. %i%of AIternatives to the Propowd Roads and Road Alignments: I he Consuha-iti shlll co1nsider alternatives analyzed during the feasibiliry stage. The dillfcrent impacts described should idicate %%hich are irreversible or unavoidable and wvhich can be rnitic.awd h-ne analysis should address. to thle extent possible. costs and benefits of each a :iier-akc. and incorporate the esirmatcd costs uo anr' associated mritigating mcasurcs. The :terriaEi\ c ol kcepimg the current status \i%t cut road improvemrents should be includled for comaria son.

2.9 Environimental 'Management Plan and Mitiglation Cost estimates: Ihe t. cnsIl[aflt shall arepare an en'iror.ment-l mitigation pl1n and recommend fasiblc and cost- 'cctive nmcasures to prc enr or reduce si-lificant ncgati' c impacts to acceptable levels. [heI Consultant sh:!ll esftirme the impacts and costs of these measuir.es. aid of Lhe insituticnal rcsponsibi'Litiis and training requirenments to implement them. Compens.ation to affected panics for ilpLaLts. .hiuch cannot be :nitiLatcd. should be considered The Consultant should prepare a short and ioncise nana,enlcent p1lan including progosexi work programs, badget

- 's.u :I,1,C I i 1* ; ce; for the Rcview oi VL4 I I'.:' Sai., Rv. ict of Enviroental hiflpJcl Aa,c.,ijije.¶. (7% GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I N G E NI E U R E

sKtimJic. chedules st&filnt azd traf-rinnr reawlremen:s, anid otler- ncXCSS7 support sel ivees to inmicmeni the nitisainu ncoisures The consul1tan 1saE nix.' ,ndicatc a separate cost for each and every negative inpact idenLlfied during field a.ssessmenet and the stud\ findings stoulitdkdeinuelv be. if ntl atal 'l. ant intut for detailed enginleerng D1esign clr rt2VI V-X.

2.16. I'nvironmental lonitoring Plan: A detailed plan shal be preipared to monitor th. :mpnlenieniat-on of miiigating measures and the impactc he proposed road%%ork during ctPnl.t:uction and after completion. tue reference should be made to RALhs En-ironmcniai Nionrinn Prwedures Manual (EMPt). as and when appropriate or additions into the EVIRP.M madie as needed. The Consultant shou]d define a few indizators of enviromiental pcrro,-mance that can be miiniltred or. a regular basis and also indicatc the different eligible st Akeholders in place to monitor the activities. Suitable provisions for ontractors' clauses snotdd also be spelled out for the detailed engineering design or review stage (See Phase 11).

2.11. Resettlnrncnt Requirements and Planning: [he potenLial land acquismlion. c pienF>-satio6n1rc resettlemendt requirtments in the road nght-of-wav of the proposed road aligiments sLilould be assessed. The requiremneis should be deterniinec in accordanc with tLe \World Bankls Operationil Directive on Involuntary Resettlement (O1P 4.12,. A Res-ttlerenet Action Plan CRAP). a tull or abbreviated RAP, wvill be prepared whenever land acq ji;iiioan Is requircd. The consultant should also assess dhe number uf pcrsons to be affected and government or prinvate owned properties to be expropriated because of the road nn;itntic.nn. F.stimale costs to mitigate his problen. or dislocaie the aff0cted perscns. if :Iriv, The :onsultant shall als, aLssess aLnd inL;caie the list,s of those persons to be (full- aiid P;llmri!l* atfecied bv the DFjci.L 0with the type. number and size of houses to be demolished bolth ill urbani aInd rura` frea.nrilands to he takeen (permanenLI) and temnporaril),. "iut and otdhcr trees t3 be renoved xnd o:lier reinted issues (See 11.2 below1

2.12. Asqistance to Inter-Agency( Coordination and Vublic/NG() Participation: The EIA \wrk; slhall bi carricd cut in LufOSl LUuP1pCralit.'1 with ERA. T'he Consultant shall assist in coordiniating, the Ern iroim:rual A].sscssment with oither govemnient agencies. notably, tle Fnmirnnr.enld Protec0Tin Alt_hontr EPA). Eth;,qt:an Wiidlite Conservation Organizabion f:WCO) and ERA's Etxwtronnt.1-mal M-1on1itoring and Safety Braachi (EMS13B, and in weirmnumS.cating wiLh and oblainini thb views of iocal affected gruips and persons and NCiOs. particularly in cases o: new road a'munnierus. Relevant InStiLotnrls or indixiduals should be ZOsMult& Ld the 0uLIeDmC o -consuiltatiui shiould be incaiq)uraLetU.

213.G.ender Issues: The consu]:;an snail assess. le -no Prmject and the twith project" scenarios. th im1pacts of Lhe road construction on aender and Lheir pmricipaion in the p4aiun g. implenientation, in mon:tor,nn and CvaluatiOl. In tihe2 division of labour - who does wh1at? Involvemenllt in familik decision-making: w.ho decides an what etc 7 And generally, tlhe mp.icts of the react On x\omen and related issues should be assesseld

: .'%Ui 2\S .NC. iS I.I i.12 Reiv. o! !i-A',Itlibif N1L'1dy, Fr'l_% od FnFillrolnm icl injpact0ASsees4lciil. *U G O N DA R - D E BA R K KS - .) ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E UR E

2.14. (GI5 Systems (Geographic Intfrmation SYstem): In order to have concrete and realistic stud> inidings, -lie consult.ant shall use the latest version of (ilS systes that wou assist in anal' sing- and processing the sp:itial and socio-economic data of the study areas. Thl consuliant shall produce a good base map :hat will indicate possit'le relocalion sites, land acquis;ition, sensitive habitats both biophvsical and socio-cultural and Tesettlement pattems along the project roads and other inror-tanl physical features The consultant shouid use GIS s' stenms fLor calculahng, thc otal size Cl,l farmland or grazin: land to be expropriated or taken temporarily and'or permanenti\ from farmers in the ROW, for indicating the exact location for relocation areas with sizes, and major towns and other facilities on the map.

11-2: Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

2.15. Background: Development projects such as road construction, which require land acquisilitin, often involve involuntary resettlement of some of the project beneficianes. Experience froin previous road projccts reveal that, unless adverse social impacts such as rcsenlemeii aie mitigated, they WIll lead to severe socic-cconoroic and environnienTal impacts: loss of land; dibmantlement of production systems; dislecation of social values: propagatiioni of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) and HIVAIDS. soil and water erosion and so forth on tanrland. In order to minimize the adverse social impacts of road conltructicin operal]tins under dte RSDI', RAPs wvill be prcparcd in concert with the legal fram-ework or die Federal Government of Ethiopia and dte World Bank's Operational f I,e cs OP4.1 .

2.16. R.ationalc: The Environmental Polic; of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and in siniilar di.ferent Finnancinu avencies staures ' all persons wvlhose livclihoods lhavc bcn adversely affected by state development programs should be compensated based on actual marke; v lues for the atTectod resources.' The otlher sectoral policies po:nt out similar acts that go%ernnient institutions and indivd"uals should take in plrotecting tie natural environment. Thereflire, RANs shall Crcus on the assessment and Addressing of the Liely irnoacLs of the developmrent priject awid propos:e coost-ctYective anid inmpleiiientablc mitigation measures.

2.17. Scopte: This proposed scr'icc encompasses the preparation of a RAP for the road project a4nd a firm wviLh a group of experienced and appropriately qualilfied consutanlts is -e' iiaced 'rThe R[AP should be developed based on existing docucnentation (e.g., EPA's ELIA G-uideline Document. ERA's RSDPII document and Resettlemert Policy Framne%ork Paper), and field studies. Relevant documernts are to be acquired through Lhe Environmental oriltor'n and Safer) Branch (ENISB) in ERA. The RAP shall provide project speci;c soci-eeononic diata about ProLject Affected People (PAPs: and mitigation measures and co>tS. Infuninaton presented in the RAP witll facilitate: (a) the incoiporation of relevant social data into the road design; ob) the right of way operations; Ic) the poverty allevialion effotns of roiad in\ estments. and Id) the enhancement of the livelihood of PAP. The draft RAP should

-Cm Iranl c Sc.:. c for the Re%le" * Fe SiiL. 8rW . Review c tlnL ILEC'lme .L I nTr2c A. cS6!1Clt. 47 -S t ro - t ir-Tm'- .1- r-1 - - r ., --...r-.L- - . I- r...... h'L (r) GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS ciZ __ ROAD PROJ ECT I N G E N I E UR E

hne disca.sseJi and endorscd hv -RA and the World Bankl betore submission ol die `±nal

2.18. Tasks: \VVhaL i' I`uLnV., Eb a broad descriptionii of Wks, which thLe cc.XIisdtaiitasiS is expected to acccrnplhh under the services requested. extracting and uising rhe inrfbrnalioIn .vhere possible froml any existing documentation. The tasks to be conducted aic described

2 18.1 Legal and Adnministrative Framework: * .Assess and present the applicable legal and administrative procedures, includMi dscnpiion of the remedies available to displaced persons in the judicial pmcess and the normlal tirnefrane for such procedures, and any available alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that may be relevant to resettlement under the project. * Description of ERA. it's status and mandate, and how the institution is related to relevant ministncs and pollcies, describe also ERA's Legal Division and Right-of-Way (ROW., Branch. their maneates and functions in delivering entitlements. * Idertify and present relevant laws and reg.ulations (including cuLstomarv and LraLWdional aiI governing land tenure, valuation of assets and losses. compensation, and natural resoutcc usage rights: customnary personal laA related to displacement; and environmental laws uand social wvelfare legislation. * Identify and present laws and regulations relating to the agencies responsible for mirp;ementiue resertlement aclivities. * lndicele procemwes foc)r delivenr of' enutlcrrnits. * Assess and present gaps, if ans, betueen local laws coxering emiiinent domain and resetilement and the Bank's resettlement policy, and the mechaiismis to bnrdge such gaps: and axiv legal steps necessiry tLo ensure the effective implementation of resettlement activities tinder the projeCt including, as appropriate, a process for recognizing claims to legal riglts to land-including claimns tat deri%e fTom customary law- and traditional usage (see OP 4.12, paraS15 bi. * Indicate the implementation process of the RAklP that includes. but not limited lo. the follvoing points: grievance rcdress niccLhianisrns that would apply to [he resettlement plan and RAP implement-ation ccsrt.

2.18.2 Institution.ll Framework * ldenlib agcncies responsible for resettiemen! activities and NGOs thaL Mav have a role in pr'It impilementationl and assess the institutional capacity- of such agcncies and NsWn * Present any Steps tihat are proposed io enhance the institutlionial capacity of agencies and NCi(h responsible for resettlement implementation. * Asscs, formad and fiformal institut;ons at local, regional and national leveIs ilaL are relevant to the project, the inter-relationships between thiese instututions. availahility of ary legal and polii:cal framework lfor interaction amsong ket, suikeholders and

Irlnrac Asscssmen t, * - r-iwi Iia nc crSr ircc .-r r,i.c FRee nf*cl Fea -i'mItrI S,ri , tv i c A .*,En uc:rn. iL.,,I GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS ROAD PROJECT IN G E N I E U R E

b ;;':;.iniC>I tI lilt: P.L-jt'Lt. ay iiicmrrctiu;IN ceciasrns tb r delivcr.-o i' ser icc, or rn jixi beacH;. -5t.rg RCltor& rt Ci'. rldied tn beneificiares ardi affected peopcl

2.18.3 Soicio -cconomnic Surve3:

* Ci!r:i e:ociLrprl[s ofLhe riAhtL-o;aN Ito a%oLjid inluio w 1, IoCfe people sccikno eligibIItyr for co:rper:;arnon: Sta&t.ird Ch.;±-,icertislic! of cdisplaced houseboids (baselic information onr ilinod. zxolio:riic Wnd Social inwfiomation. oc1), occupations of the PAP, likely socio-ecnom'c inipdc.cs of W project.boh Ln rural and urhan areas: T rie IT:agrf;:udc of the expected loss rtotal/full or partal), the impacts on acultul and - aLaniig lands wvith the names of owvners/users of the individual farmers, presujmably in s rfe ( i-. exact locations nt land sites for construction camips. quaries and borrow ptIb: * in1tir:r"aucL'r on %uLnrable groups or pcrsons (for whlom special protisicn may have to h madk i. numbLlcr ot prjec; MlYeLkcd persons: name of partiallv and hluly alle'icd persons. dc-r lrcarlcls. izes, and1 t1peN ot property a-ffected. Types of propevrLa!s Lu Ue affteccd i . lkwuses M.d c-rupklnds, trccs cfruit and pemanznrn. cash crops (Catfiee and C.-tir plan) is,31sl hSsesseSSL Prol; iSCor3 Iu:'updati :nl'nnaicm nPr, LWe displaceJ pIooIC&S li"clihcods and standards of tIj -i.I, st rg'Lar intervals Lsothd - j ltest inaesriforrrt3ro n 1i naa; tt at the tinme ef ti.eir d1i.Sj)1:11,'0l1101. * [iV C- cs1:r] nu;wun-l ;:Ld -reJid[Iliaj.d usc related policies and regulations. lard tenulre rJ:tuts:.Žr-" :v ;kl. ae 2 la]n hhc,ldir.,g per hn.isehold, numwcr ot houlscholds lt) be atfk'cldI an d:i -,; show Ile exact numhx:r of familics dial *ill rc!a.),.ate to ncw proposed SiteS1i UJo ti vjf r.I i1w ;:l c .r l nd. * Tx ra:;^^;ers . ^ac Ir.:rkicn 'in riLe `dt;1-0ectedj ccnsnuitries. inLcludine sxc;al nr.c[Yx?Z^ JIPI :M.i1 suppert sy sterns, alld hiI-l%1Cx %%ill beLC .f'ICTd hn 'le proltect; P.IIuc n'r:iTrjcrLre aliJ tcc:a) L-Lt\ ice'; t:atiml be affecTedi * S:cz: tnr.i1 cuural c`-Ihraczerisuss fdsccd communities in remr;s r't gentder. mltigrntm:s and E:Tlters aIR! pLlrc;1esu:iauitd d2scrihc to the extenrit feasible. iheLr preferences as rec ir.1- to ysrisled resenlerneni or ;elf-renlemeiw. * ar;|e :'naIJA1: O'6kehlje hcu;c ,rerkrs ,te nl3rltr.if JIB, j.1d squXtcrq ii lecallv huLilt hIuuNCN in tie (ij\)J, peonple %ho 'xl ]ohe d-eir incoif:e, nmunher and nanies (it these j ,:'o,:iI :"';d nimuber -if hou,scs (WLth 1r&pC. Inca:iorns ]ocali:V. sh'e. suus &. condiions of thNe xei'fc. nd liwv dic atre oine to be trcatedl and crrinpensated. and inzorre resToration nlechlinisrnm: 4hall aSo 'e indit .ned. * imc pah;)liC consultallen oUIl Pl'As and conUcrn1d lotxfI- antL:Lii VCebx-odies .d0re, :.1: JirTjc'C -,,iad iri i.':e tihle outcome and include nminutes of .overrmuent oTiciai& OnnMitinent to rLuly aissiiT tne rsenlement action plan processes bclOre and'or atLer tihe c.mpJcfllk.&'- tllhe r-oatd pec

, . -1l, 7W.1t,ll. 0.lr"K., !L. LA 7i. *;.;r, t'.:;r.4 - ; .i .;.- .. r. .. . :..- 2 T'rAO- r r1--- r- r.nA ? l,.4- D,.,.Afl.. . . 4GOND A R -DEBAR K KOCKS ROAD PROJECT IN G E N I EU R E

[ ihe mnarklet value of buildings & trees. in general terms, should be split intto the, folI .nLrng s5db-divisions: Tyvpe of buildings (new or old) to be demnolished: - number. locations. size (in rn5 and list of the owners of bothi filly antd partially demolished hnuseFs and similarly for trees (irf or permanLent), species type. location; names and nuniber oi persons whose trecs are guing to be affected and tLiIe nUnber trees to bc affected o. removed slhall be indizaicd.

thcir 2.18.4 Eligibility: Provide a definition of displaced personrs and criteria for detemilning eligibilitr for compensation and other resettlement assistance, including relevant cur-off dates.

2.18.5 Valuation of and Compensation for Losses: Define and present the methodology to be used in valuing losses; determine the replacement cost and describe the types and levels of compensation proposed under local law and supplementary measures considered necessary Lo achieve replacement cost for lost assets.

6 Public Consultation: The Consultant shall conduct public consultationis at major -. owns/x.i1lages all along the road, in as many as are to be affected by the project road. lnten'iews xxith individuals belonging to different social and/or economic categories shall be miiade. Questionnaires shall also be administcred to NGOs for their opinions on the constnrclion wvorks in relationi to the adverse effects. The outcome of these consultations shall b- indicated, as wvell as local initiatives to participate in the road development project. :onsultant shall also assess the key roles to be played bv the different stakeholders in terms of delivering services. goLods works, or other elements in the project, mrechanisms used for consultaiion and participatioi in the piolect, main outcomne and recommendations af the consultation rwocess. and how these recommendations are to be incorporated into the projecl.

2.I1S.7 Reie(tlement Measures: Provide a description of the puckages of compensaLon anid other resettlement measures that wvitl assist each category of eligible displaced persons to achieve the objectivcs of the policy (see OP 4.12, Para. 6). In addition to being technically and economically feasible, the resettlement packages should be compatible with the cutural preferernces of the ciisi laced persons. and prepared in consuliafion with them.

1.18.8 Site Sclection, Site Preparation, and Relocation: Identiy and present if available, in urban areas, where the relocation -;ouid be in clusters from which to select one considering: * Institutional and tcchnical arrangements for identifying and preparing relocation sites for which a combination of productive potential, location advantaves, and other factors is, at least, comparable to the advantages of Lhe old sites. ith an estimate of the time needed to accquire and tranisfer lanid and ancillary resources: * .Anv measures necssary to prevent land speculation or inilux of ineligible persons at the setecred site ;

51 Cl:'isuI1wy. Sex ices fo)r th: Re Ce ot Feea5ibii-r- Stud, Rev%ewV of Erw [It'llefll.i Impaut A5sessinerik GO N DAR - DEBARK KOBCAKS ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

* Pr@duct:v~epotential, location ad; atugei and tither factors; * Prr:'ccdures for phyvsical relocation unde. the prolieet. inc]udirn tirnctTh:Nes for site prelparatrtin and LtransfCr. anid le4,1 .trranvemeaias ir regularizing tenure and transierring titles to resenle: * Prev ention cof land speculaticil or influx of melig-,ble persons io dlic selected sites.

2.18.9 Housing Infrastructure, and Sncial Services: Prepare plans to provide (or to finance resettlers' prov ision of), housilig, infrastructure (e.g, wvacer supply, keeder roads). and social services te g , schools, health services): plans to ensure comparable services to host populations; any necessarY site developmfent, engineering, and architectural desigzns for these tfac lities

2.18.10 Environmental Protection and Mlanagement: Describe the boundaries of ihe reWlcation area. ind assess the environnental impacts of Lhe proposed resettlement and ideniif, the role of the different stakeholders in regard to the protection of the environment and the execut ion of tlhe resettlement plan.

2.18.I1 Impieineniation Sche(lule: Preparc an implementation schedule covering al resetl'enlent rehahilitation activities frorm preparation through iniplenientation. including target dartce flr die achie"emenir of expected benefits to the resettled and hosts and defuic the various formi of assistance. the schedule should inUicate how the resettlement/rehablirtotion newi% i:es a:-e hiked to Ihe implementation ot -JloO\ e:ral project.

.18.12 (oht% andl Budget: Preparc rahilos showinj itemized cost estinnates fr all .csctlcmCn1t activiticS. includiz.g allowanc-es [or inflati.on. compensatiun lor loss of dillerenir properties and lands, population gro%INh. ;nJ other contingenicies tiumetables for expendr ure.s. sources of funds: and rrangtements iforT lirmely floW of funds, and ftnding for resettlenienLt re.ha'b,ilitation, if any, in areas outside the jurisdiction of the implementing ageniels.

2.1S.13 Mfnnitoring And Evaluation: Describe arrangements .or monitoring of resenlementrebilalitatiori activities by the implementing agency, supplemented by :ndependent nmonicors as considered apr-ropriatc by the Bank, to ensure complete and objectlive infdmiation. Derfo-anwice moniLonug indLicators to nieaqure inputs. oiutputs. and ouitcomes ror resertlenmeni activitics: involvement of thc displaced peertons in the monitoring process: evaluation of the inlpncT of recetlement for a reasonable period after all r?settleienl inld related devcelopmient ach:v:tie. have been comipleted using: the resuiLs of resettlement nionitoring. tI cLLide sLbsequent implcrnent.ioun.

- I r:, iii:. Services for the R . iLc- c f 1 a i ru: Rev.;. jiLa''nm:wa. imrnpact Assessment 51 fl .. Y% : 4' . . . * .* se>,

ru OP 4.12

I WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL MANUAL December 2001 II Operational Policies

These policies were preparedfor use by World Bank staff and are not necessarily a complete treatment of the subject. Involuntary Resettlement

This Operational Policy statement was revised in April 2004 to ensure consistency with the requirements of OP/BP 6.00, issued in April 2004. These changes may be viewed here.

OP 4.12 (revised April 2004) applies only to projects that are govemed by OP/BP 6.00, Bank Financing- that is, those in countries with Mpro% ed comnirN Fiiiutic ing paralllriters. Other operational policy statements goveming Bank financing that have been amended to reflect OP/BP 6.00 also apply to these projects, click to view a full Table of Contents (blue).

Projects in countries without approved country financing parameters continue to be subject to other operational policy .statements goveming Bank financing; click here for a full Table of Contents (yellow) that includes these statements.

Note: EOP and BP 4.12 together replace OD 4.30, Involuntary Resettlement. These OP and BP apply to all projects for which a Project Concept Review takes place on or after January 1, 2002. Questions may be addressed to the Director, Social Development Department (SDV).

1 1. Bank experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; people face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address and mitigate these impoverishment risks.

Policy Objectives

2. Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. For these reasons, the overall objectives of the Bank's policy on involuntary resettlement are the following:

(a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs.2 (b) Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project 3 benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. (c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.4

Impacts Covered (a) the involuntary7 taking of land- resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) lost of assets or access to assets; or (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the involuntary restriction of access 9 to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons.

4. This policy applies to all components of the project that result in involuntary resettlement, regardless of the source of financing. It also applies to other activities resulting in involuntary resettlement, that in the judgment of the Bank, are (a) directly and significantly related to the Bank- assisted project, (b) necessary to achieve its objectives as set forth in the project documents; and (c) carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project.

5. Requests for guidance on the application and scope of this policy should be addressed to the Resettlement Committee (see BP 4.12, para. 7).1Q

Required Measures

6. To address the impacts covered under para. 3 (a) of this policy, the borrower prepares a resettlement plan or a resettlement policy framework (see paras. 25-30) that covers the following:

(a) The resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework includes measures to ensure that the displaced persons are (i) informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement;

(ii) consulted on, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives; and

(iii) provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost1 1 for losses of assets'-2 attributable directly to the project.

(b) If the impacts include physical relocation, the resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework includes measures to ensure that the displaced persons are (i) provided assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation; and

(ii) provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or, as required, agricultural sites for which a combination of productive potential, locational advantages, and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the old site.13

(c) Where necessary to achieve the objectives of the policy, the resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework also include measures to ensure that displaced persons are (i) offered support after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living;1 4 and

(ii) provided with development assistance in addition to compensation measures described in paragraph 6(a) (iii), such as land nrenaration. credit facilities, training, or iob opportunities. 7. In projects involving involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas (see para. 3(b)), the nature of restrictions, as well as the type of measures necessary to mitigate adverse impacts, is determined with the participation of the displaced persons during the design and implementation of the project. In such cases, the borrower prepares a process framework acceptable to the Bank, describing the participatory process by which

(a) specific components of the project will be prepared and implemented;

(b) the criteria for eligibility of displaced persons will be determined;

(c) measures to assist the displaced persons in their efforts to improve their livelihoods, or at least to restore them, in real terms, while maintaining the sustainability of the park or protected area, will be identified; and

(d) potential conflicts involving displaced persons will be resolved.

The process framework also includes a description of the arrangements for implementing and monitoring the process.

8. To achieve the objectives of this policy, particular attention is paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaced, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, indigenous peoples,A5 ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation.

9. Bank experience has shown that resettlement of indigenous peoples with traditional land-based modes of production is particularly complex and may have significant adverse impacts on their identity and cultural survival. For this reason, the Bank satisfies itself that the borrower has explored all viable alternative project designs to avoid physical displacement of these groups. When it is not feasible to avoid such displacement, preference is given to land-based resettlement strategies for these groups (see para. 11) that are compatible with their cultural preferences and are prepared in consultation with them (see Annex A, para. 11).

10. The implementation of resettlement activities is linked to the implementation of the investment component of the project to ensure that displacement or restriction of access does not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. For impacts covered in para. 3(a) of this policy, these measures include provision of compensation and of other assistance required for relocation, prior to displacement, and preparation and provision of resettlement sites with adequate facilities, where required. In particular, taking of land and related assets may take place only after compensation has been paid and, where applicable, resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to the displaced persons. For impacts covered in para. 3(b) of this policy, the measures to assist the displaced persons are implemented in accordance with the plan of action as part of the project (see para. 30).

11. Preference should be given to land-based resettlement strategies for displaced persons whose livelihoods are land-based. These strategies may include resettlement on public land (see footnote 1 above), or on private land acquired or purchased for resettlement. Whenever replacement land is offered, resettlers are provided with land for which a combination of productive potential, locational advantages, and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the land taken. If land is not the preferred option of the displaced persons, the provision of land would adversely affect the sustainability of a park or protected area, 16 or sufficient land is not available at a reasonable price, non-land-based options built around opportunities for employment or self-employment should be provided in addition to cash compensation for land and other assets lost. The lack of adequate land must be demonstrated and documented to the satisfaction of the Bank.

12. Payment of cash compensation for lost assets may be appropriate where (a) livelihoods are land- such markets, and there is sufficient supply of land and housing; or (c) livelihoods are not land- based. Cash compensation levels should be sufficient to replace the lost land and other assets at full replacement cost in local markets.

13. For impacts covered under para. 3(a) of this policy, the Bank also requires the following:

(a) Displaced persons and their communities, and any host communities receiving them, are provided timely and relevant information, consulted on resettlement options, and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement. Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms are established for these groups.

(b) In new resettlement sites or host communities, infrastructure and public services are provided as necessary to improve, restore, or maintain accessibility and levels of service for the displaced persons and host communities. Alternative or similar resources are provided to compensate for the loss of access to community resources (such as fishing areas, grazing areas, fuel, or fodder).

(c) Patterns of community organization appropriate to the new circumstances are based on choices made by the displaced persons. To the extent possible, the existing social and cultural institutions of resettlers and any host communities are preserved and resettlers' preferences with respect to relocating in preexisting communities and groups are honored.

Eligibility for Benefitsh8

14. Upon identification of the need for involuntary resettlement in a project, the borrower carries out a census to identify the persons who will be affected by the project (see the Annex A para. 6 (a)), to determine who will be eligible for assistance, and to discourage inflow of people ineligible for assistance. The borrower also develops a procedure, satisfactory to the Bank, for establishing the criteria by which displaced persons will be deemed eligible for compensation and other resettlement assistance. The procedure includes provisions for meaningful consultations with affected persons and communities, local authorities, and, as appropriate, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and it specifies grievance mechanisms.

15. Criteriafor Eligibility. Displaced persons may be classified in one of the following three groups:

(a) those who have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized under the laws of the country);

(b) those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to such land or assets-provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the country or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan (see Annex A, para. 7(f)); and1 -9

(c) those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying.

16. Persons covered under para. 15(a) and (b) are provided compensation for the land they lose, and other assistance in accordance with para. 6. Persons covered under para. 15(c) are provided resettlement assistance" in lieu of compensation for the land they occupy, and other assistance, as necessary, to achieve the objectives set out in this policy, if they occupy the project area prior to a cut-off date established by the borrower and acceptable to the Bank.3-l-Persons who encroach on the area after the cut-off date are not entitled to compensation or any other form of resettlement ,qRi-tance All nersons included in nara. 15(a), (b). or (c) are provided compensation for loss of Resettlement Planning, Implementation, and Monitoring

17. To achieve the objectives of this policy, different planning instruments are used, depending on the type of project:

(a) a resettlement plan or abbreviated resettlement plan is required for all operations that entail involuntary resettlement unless otherwise specified (see para. 25 and Annex A);

(b) a resettlement policy framework is required for operations referred to in paras. 26- 30 that may entail involuntary resettlement, unless otherwise specified (see Annex A); and

(c) a process framework is prepared for projects involving restriction of access in accordance with para. 3(b) (see para. 31).

18. The borrower is responsible for preparing, implementing, and monitoring a resettlement plan, a resettlement policy framework, or a process framework (the "resettlement instruments"), as appropriate, that conform to this policy. The resettlement instrument presents a strategy for achieving the objectives of the policy and covers all aspects of the proposed resettlement. Borrower commitment to, and capacity for, undertaking successful resettlement is a key determinant of Bank involvement in a project.

19. Resettlement planning includes early screening, scoping of key issues, the choice of resettlement instrument, and the information required to prepare the resettlement component or subcomponent. The scope and level of detail of the resettlement instruments vary with the magnitude and complexity of resettlement. In preparing the resettlement component, the borrower draws on appropriate social, technical, and legal expertise and on relevant community-based organizations and NGOs.-2 The borrower informs potentially displaced persons at an early stage about the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design.

20. The full costs of resettlement activities necessary to achieve the objectives of the project are included in the total costs of the project. The costs of resettlement, like the costs of other project activities, are treated as a charge against the economic benefits of the project; and any net benefits to resettlers (as compared to the "without-project" circumstances) are added to the benefits stream of the project. Resettlement components or free-standing resettlement projects need not be economically viable on their own, but they should be cost-effective.

21. The borrower ensures that the Project Implementation Plan is fully consistent with the resettlement instrument.

22. As a condition of appraisal of projects involving resettlement, the borrower provides the Bank with the relevant draft resettlement instrument which conforms to this policy, and makes it available at a place accessible to displaced persons and local NGOs, in a form, manner, and language that are understandable to them. Once the Bank accepts this instrument as providing an adequate basis for project appraisal, the Bank makes it available to the public through its InfoShop. After the Bank has approved the final resettlement instrument, the Bank and the borrower disclose it again in the same manner.23

23. The borrower's obligations to carry out the resettlement instrument and to keep the Bank informed of implementation progress are provided for in the legal agreements for the project.

24. The borrower is responsible for adequate monitoring and evaluation of the activities set forth in the resettlement instrument. The Bank regularly supervises resettlement implementation to determine compliance with the resettlement instrument. Upon completion of the project, the results of resettlement monitoring. If the assessment reveals that these objectives may not be realized, the borrower should propose follow-up measures that may serve as the basis for continued Bank supervision, as the Bank deems appropriate (see also BP 4.12, para. 16).

Resettlement Instruments

Resettlement Plan

25. A draft resettlement plan that conforms to this policy is a condition of appraisal (see Annex A paras. 2-2 1) for projects referred to in para. 17(a) above.2-4 However, where impacts on the entire displaced population are minor,-- or fewer than 200 people are displaced, an abbreviated resettlement plan may be agreed with the borrower (see Annex A, para. 22). The information disclosure procedures set forth in para. 22 apply.

Resettlement Policy Framework

26. For sector investment operations that may involve involuntary resettlement, the Bank requires that the project implementing agency screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to ensure their consistency with this OP. For these operations, the borrower submits, prior to appraisal, a resettlement policy framework that conforms to this policy (see Annex A paras. 23-25). The framework also estimates, to the extent feasible, the total population to be displaced and the overall resettlement costs.

27. For financial intermediary operations that may involve involuntary resettlement, the Bank requires that the financial intermediary (FI) screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to ensure their consistency with this OP. For these operations, the Bank requires that before appraisal the borrower or the Fl submit to the Bank a resettlement policy framework conforming to this policy (see Annex A, paras. 23-25). In addition, the framework includes an assessment of the institutional capacity and procedures of each of the FIs that will be responsible for subproject financing. When, in the assessment of the Bank, no resettlement is envisaged in the subprojects to be financed by the Fl, a resettlement policy framework is not required. Instead, the legal agreements specify the obligation of the FIs to obtain from the potential subborrowers a resettlement plan consistent with this policy if a subproject gives rise to resettlement. For all subprojects involving resettlement, the resettlement plan is provided to the Bank for approval before the subproject is accepted for Bank financing.

28. For other Bank-assisted project with multiple subprojects2-6 that may involve involuntary resettlement, the Bank requires that a draft resettlement plan conforming to this policy be submitted to the Bank before appraisal of the project unless, because of the nature and design of the project or of a specific subproject or subprojects (a) the zone of impact of subprojects cannot be determined, or (b) the zone of impact is known but precise sitting alignments cannot be determined. In such cases, the borrower submits a resettlement policy framework consistent with this policy prior to appraisal (see Annex A, paras. 23-25). For other subprojects that do not fall within the above criteria, a resettlement plan conforming to this policy is required prior to appraisal.

29. For each subproject included in a project described in paras. 26, 27, or 28 that may involve resettlement, the Bank requires that a satisfactory resettlement plan or an abbreviated resettlement plan that is consistent with the provisions of the policy framework be submitted to the Bank for approval before the subproject is accepted for Bank financing.

30. For projects described in paras. 26-28 above, the Bank may agree, in writing, that subproject resettlement plans may be approved by the project implementing agency or a responsible government agency or financial intermediary without prior Bank review, if that agency has demonstrated adequate institutional capacity to review resettlement plans and ensure their consistency with this policy. Any such delegation, and appropriate remedies for the entity's subject to ex post review by the Bank.

Process Framework

31. For projects involving restriction of access in accordance with para. 3(b) above, the borrower provides the Bank with a draft process framework that conforms to the relevant provisions of this policy as a condition of appraisal. In addition, during project implementation and before to enforcing of the restriction, the borrower prepares a plan of action, acceptable to the Bank, describing the specific measures to be undertaken to assist the displaced persons and the arrangements for their implementation. The plan of action could take the form of a natural resources management plan prepared for the project.

Assistance to the Borrower

32. In furtherance of the objectives of this policy, the Bank may at a borrower's request support the borrower and other concerned entities by providing

(a) assistance to assess and strengthen resettlement policies, strategies, legal frameworks, and specific plans at a country, regional, or sectoral level;

(b) financing of technical assistance to strengthen the capacities of agencies responsible for resettlement, or of affected people to participate more effectively in resettlement operations;

(c) financing of technical assistance for developing resettlement policies, strategies, and specific plans, and for implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of resettlement activities; and

(d) financing of the investment costs of resettlement.

33. The Bank may finance either a component of the main investment causing displacement and requiring resettlement, or a free-standing resettlement project with appropriate cross- conditionalities, processed and implemented in parallel with the investment that causes the displacement. The Bank may finance resettlement even though it is not financing the main investment that makes resettlement necessary.

1. "Bank" includes IBRD and IDA; "loans" includes IDA credits and IDA grants, guarantees, Project Preparation Facility (PPF) advances and grants; and "projects" includes projects under (a) adaptable program lending; (b) learning and innovation loans; (c) PPFs and Institutional Development Funds (IDFs), if they include investment activities; (d) grants under the Global Environment Facility and Montreal Protocol, for which the Bank is the implementing/executing agency; and (e) grants or loans provided by other donors that are administered by the Bank. The term "project" does not include programs under development policy lending operations. "Borrower" also includes, wherever the context requires, the guarantor or the project implementing agency. 2. In devising approaches to resettlement in Bank-assisted projects, other Bank policies should be taken into account, as relevant. These policies include OP 4.01, Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04, Natural Habitats, OP 4. 10, Indigenous Peoples, and QPA4.1 1 Physical CulturalResources. 3. The term "displaced persons" refers to persons who are affected in any of the ways described in para. 3 of this OP. 4. Displaced persons under para. 3(b) should be assisted in their efforts to improve or restore their livelihoods in a manner that maintains the sustainability of the parks and protected areas. 5. Where there are adverse indirect social or economic impacts, it is good practice for the borrower to undertake a social assessment and implement measures to minimize and mitigate adverse economic and social impacts, particularly upon poor and vulnerable groups. Other environmental, social, and economic impacts that do not result from land taking may be identified and addressed through environmental assessments and other project reports and instruments. 6. This policy does not apply to restrictions of access to natural resources under community-based projects, i.e. where the community using the resources decides to restrict access to these resources. Drovided that an assessment satisfactorv Assistance). 7. For purposes of this policy, "involuntary" means actions that may be taken without the displaced person's informed consent or power of choice. 8. "Land" includes anything growing on or pernanently affixed to land, such as buildings and crops. This policy does not apply to regulations of natural resources on a national or regional level to promote their sustainability, such as watershed management, groundwater management, fisheries management, etc. The policy also does not apply to disputes between private parties in land titling projects, although it is good practice for the borrower to undertake a social assessment and implement measures to minimize and mitigate adverse social impacts, especially those affecting poor and vulnerable groups. 9. For the purposes of this policy, involuntary restriction of access covers restrictions on the use of resources imposed on people living outside the park or protected area, or on those who continue living inside the park or protected area during and after project implementation. In cases where new parks and protected areas are created as part of the project, persons who lose shelter, land, or other assets are covered under para. 3(a). Persons who lose shelter in existing parks and protected areas are also covered under para. 3(a). 10. The Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook provides good practice guidance to staff on the policy. 11. "Replacement cost" is the method of valuation of assets that helps determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not be taken into account (for a detailed definition of replacement cost, see Annex A, footnote 1). For losses that cannot easily be valued or compensated for in monetary terms (e.g., access to public services, customers, and suppliers; or to fishing, grazing, or forest areas), attempts are made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities. Where domestic law does not meet the standard of compensation at full replacement cost, compensation under domestic law is supplemented by additional measures necessary to meet the replacement cost standard. Such additional assistance is distinct from resettlement assistance to be provided under other clauses of para. 6. 12. If the residual of the asset being taken is not economically viable, compensation and other resettlement assistance are provided as if the entire asset had been taken. 13. The alternative assets are provided with adequate tenure arrangements. The cost of alternative residential housing, housing sites, business premises, and agricultural sites to be provided can be set off against all or part of the compensation payable for the corresponding asset lost. 14. Such support could take the form of short-term jobs, subsistence support, salary maintenance or similar arrangements 15. See OP / BP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples. 16. See OP 4.04, Natural Habitats. 17. As a general principle, this applies if the land taken constitutes less than 20% of the total productive area. 18. Paras. 13-15 do not apply to impacts covered under para. 3(b) of this policy. The eligibility criteria for displaced persons under 3 (b) are covered under the process framework (see paras. 7 and 30). 19. Such claims could be derived from adverse possession, from continued possession of public lands without government action for eviction (that is, with the implicit leave of the government), or from customary and traditional law and usage, and so on. 20. Resettlement assistance may consist of land, other assets, cash, employment, and so on, as appropriate. 2 1. Normally, this cut-off date is the date the census begins. The cut-off date could also be the date the project area was delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation to prevent further population influx. 22. For projects that are highly risky or contentious, or that involve significant and complex resettlement activities, the borrower should normally engage an advisory panel of independent, internationally recognized resettlement specialists to advise on all aspects of the project relevant to the resettlement activities. The size, role, and frequency of meeting depend on the complexity of the resettlement. If independent technical advisory panels are established under OP 4.01, EnvironmentalAssessment, the resettlement panel may form part of the environmental panel of experts. See The World Bank Policy on Disclosureof Information, para. 34, (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2002). 24. An exception to this requirement may be made in highly unusual circumstances (such as emergency recovery operations) with the approval of Bank Management (see BP 4.12, para. 8). In such cases, the Management's approval stipulates a timetable and budget for developing the resettlement plan. 25. Impacts are considered "minor" if the affected people are not physically displaced and less than 10% of their productive assets are lost. 26. For purpose of this paragraph, the term "subprojects" includes components and subcomponents. GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS \ ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

APPENDIX 3

Orcanisations and Individuals contacted during the sociological Field Surveys Name Organisation Ato Zelalem Feseha ERA, Manager District Engineering Division (DED) Ato Shumeye Abuhay Gondar Town City Services Manager m Ato Azanaw Asmamaw Surveyor, Gondar Municipality n Ato Teferi Zeleke ERA, Manager District Road Maintenance Contractor (DRMC) c Ato Mandefro ERA, District Engineering Division (DED) w Agegnehu Gebreyesus Gondar Chamber of Commerce, Members Affairs Department Head Ato Mamo Getahun Architect/Restorer, Amhara Region Tourism Commission

Ato Gizat Abyou Woreda Administrator .oEM* Ato Yared Sahile Woreda Administration Office Head E Ato Baggew Tezera Public Relation Councilor w Ato Tadiwes Asrat Head of Municipality Ato Marie Alem Agriculture Office

Ato Muhabaw Alene Woreda Administration Office Head Ato ZelalemLiyew Dabat Woreda Rural Development Office Head 9 W/t Etagegnehu Surveyor, Dabat Municipality a Ato Derege Deressa Dabat Health Center Head Ato Yalew Meseret Dabat Health Centere Sanitarian

Ato Amsalu Amare Woreda Administration Head Ato Hunelin Belay Woreda Administrator Ato Semachiw Haile Office Head, Woleda Administrative Ato Maye Yeshaw Kebele Administration, Head Ato Amsal Amare Administration Officer Ato Sisay Fekadu Municipality Planning Department Ato Tesfa Detew Surveyor m Ato Negussie Tsegaye SMNP Park Warden Ato Mekonnen Alemie Public Agency a Ato Seid Abdella Public Agency Ato Ayelign Kibiret Public Representative Ato Mulugeta Derso Public Representative Ato Assefa Demeke Public Representative Ato Yohannes Biruk Head of Debark Woreda Rural Development Office Ato Zewdu Mekonene Manager Simen Park Hotel Sister Lete Negussie Debark District Hospital

o Ato Wagaw Hailu Amhara Region Tourism Commission Ato Tilaye Bitew Amhara Region Bureau of Finance and Economic Development , Ato Eu Girma Tesfaye Amhara Region Bureau of Finance and Economic Development GO N DAR - DE BARK KUCKSE> R O AD PR O JE CT N GE N I E U E

APPENDIX 4 Minutes of Town Meeting on 27 January 2005 with the Gondar Municipality (Gondar Town City Services) concerning the Gondar - Debark Road Project Introduction to the Project The Consultant (Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany & Metaferia Consulting Engineers P.L.C. of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia) gave an introduction to the Gondar - Debark Road Project proposed/planned by the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) on behalf of the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) with financial assistance of the International Development Association (The World Bank). The information on the objectives of the proposed/planned road project comprised general details on: * Alignment improvements and realignments; * Bituminous surfacing of the new road; * Provision of traffic safety measures; * Possible impacts on public/social facilities and housing units in the towns and villages located along the Project; * Land take including removal of houses (resettlement) and land compensation procedures according to the constitution of the FDRE and applicable proclamations; * Etc. Particular Considerations for Gondar Town The Consultant informed about the recommended/determined project starting point to be at the Martyrs Square in Gondar and the proposed/planned special road cross section for the town section providing an about 2m wide kerbed walkway for the great number of pedestrians including students from the high school located at the outskirts of the Town. With regards to the high volume of pedestrian traffic coming to/going from Gondar on the road up to Weleka village (Humera junction) it is also proposed/planned to have a 2m wide surfaced shoulder for this about 2.9km long section of the Project Road. Information of the Gondar Municipality The Gondar Town City Services Manager is welcoming the proposed Project, which will contribute to further development of the Town by the improved road access. For reference the Gondar Town Development Masterplan was presented, which already shows the improvement and widening of the road section from the Martyrs Square to the northern outskirts of the Town. For the removal and relocation of the affected houses the Municipality has already allocated an adequate area and will assist in the resettlement process. Discussion on Benefit Enhancement Measures . The proposed/planned road improvement measures, i.e. widened road and pedestrian walkways, will considerably improve the congested and dangerous situation on the concerned road section. * Along the first about lOOm from the Martyrs Square are about 23 kiosks, which were erected with the assistance of the Gondar municipality. Since the income from those kiosks is the main basis of the livelihood of the users the Municipality expressed the requirement to maintain those as far as possible. The Consultant confirmed that great care will be taken during the detail design phase to retain the kiosks. * For the improvement of the road the Municipality was asking to include also the extension of the street lighting up to the junction of the access road to the Goha Hotel, which will be considered by the Consultant in the detail design phase. Participants of the Meeting Ato Shumeye Abuhay Gondar Town City Services Manager Ato Zelalem Feseha ERA, Manager District Engineering Division (DED) Ato Azanaw Asmamaw Surveyor, Gondar Municipality Ulrich Willems Project Team Leader (Kocks) Million Gebreves Socioloaist (Metaferia) .p GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

A ?.eh.h 1126 Ja:niiuar' , 2005 l h MIh ?0AP1.U*9 0DtAr Y flrw17?:iflU~.*?h? AMuC nohrsl i:i.h ? AA I . + VeinJi'-Mm

hll'd5lle/.ll (W1nL) ?V"'Pi/. (inibh 1'C Kobilenz (cr-mInJ%) uud'g./,9 Ia A 0I'Y |^rItls 1R .1%1 t '17mu,linM him11's5 h";IIt:.,M1A'Yfh ^\l,, #1 iMI' : ek0' + V,l--ia 1-4e I'CX10-f}} tl"/#xghl l§l

* fjZ'pjJ iiI.*} :'J. '. l"qN'ss l " 'IAl i firf, N 'I V II'. P'AZ4N. ' I'h'f:': . 1 II V1'1. ii' - l h::' ?uI* A! , .9AS * ilt. awvl4.1 . M1 A--.' 1 V. A11f'lA/.

hA h9l'al '1Y'C'1,oh+t1.775 (Dl.. Yl+ 7 4-h-1-

sI'''I/ylev,:1,* M k-'% , BsEl ,lI{I: }' '}';'1 1'I7 ; ImI)t -4- 'Slt

^tnt'lill'ta}i.} hl 11' l.".1'i' h;r; ' P.1--'M.fA?m} 1l TW ' A-111. '1j1. i '{0-

YAffl ~ ~ l;JtXAh18

A tll¢:I... #? -V .trW,f NU;Al Vz.?0VAl !' 4'IAA'PIA ;i.,,Jl'. ' .'l

01.1-710.1 1VNK-V)- "t,-f-C ''I%* A1'9 ,)1 l {ei:g.lll 1 h 1 I '' 'l ulU ill VA "'II')'SI.§:\'1"BII'}t>|..|} t741( E''}h "",+Ml+': A y:: 'l 'Rl n1-02 .9' imP : ' r 7 1'.:1 7. .12 / h frA. -1111- -111- li*.i }g)1^Is)SthqlnM- MAT:l^ ''.1P7'1;z.:I'.,n

2|'.t"S1{ /x '/JI{' 1IIIXt1'}1 I5, tiF7-II -II 17kk { Y GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > 's ROAD PROJECT INGENIEUR E

FrzP,D-M VIA111-« f-f-mA.. V ASl 4A

V+o;i>>Xs: o,;.. -*rin.m.*pi\' F|X1'5 4 'StS{ h{'; I'httn fl1.'i eM"B, .I .Lmq: h(nfl:

* gi'.)A~I{ ./u i,/D')J'I? ,nu?j?jgD{. WF} {0i I: h19A h,')9:t {oa . i II,PA~h 'inh::

hoinee M:e

N.-v-.'1 hif1 t ,> . ... t1Dzq#hIh t s ,e,( -fi(ILTh -111. V1f14.):

- Al:;L' M . .' 7%. :LIS0 ;4 4. - "I."i. h Ae.i itAIA 91u' W)' 1;JT y;'IA. 'hi11

- inp*7,)dzy #\PVY.\ t}§|Zb GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS > ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Minutes of Town Meeting on 27 January 2005 with the Woreda and Municipality Administration in Amba Georgis concerning the Gondar - Debark Road Project Introduction to the Project The Consultant (Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany & Metaferia Consulting Engineers P.L.C. of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia) gave an introduction to the Gondar - Debark Road Project proposed/planned by the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) on behalf of the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) with financial assistance of the International Development Association (The World Bank).

The information on the objectives of the proposed/planned road project comprised general details on: * Alignment improvements and realignments; * Bituminous surfacing of the new road; * Provision of traffic safety measures; . Possible impacts on public/social facilities and housing units in the towns and villages located along the Project; * Land take including removal of houses (resettlement) and land compensation procedures according to the constitution of the FDRE and applicable proclamations; * Etc.

Particular Considerations for the Amba Georgis Woreda and the Town The Consultant informed about the eligibility for compensation and that any claim is subject to a cut off date set with the completion of the socio economic survey and the inventory of properties respectively beyond which no claim should be entertained for compensation.

The Consultant explained that as far as possible compensation/replacement of permanently lost land will be provided by a reinstated/recultivated area of an abandoned section of the existing road in realignments. These areas will become available upon completion of the construction of the new road and the reinstatement/recultivation of abandoned road sections in realignments will be part of the bill of quantities and the construction contract respectively. Information of the Amba Georgis Woreda and Municipality Administration The Woreda Administrator is welcoming the proposed Project, for which they were waiting so long and it will contribute to the development of the Town and an improvement of trade by the improved road access to Gondar and the Country's road network. The Head of the Municipality agreed with the comments of the Woreda Administrator and added that the planned Project is expected to improve the living conditions in the Town in general.

The Municipality presented a Town Development Masterplan, which shows for the town passage a typical cross section with a four lane dual carriageway. It was discussed not to consider a four lane dual carriageway since the required construction width of more than 20m would require the removal of the first row of along nearly the entire town passage.

The official stated that they are ready to assist and support in all respects the proposed Project, particularly for the land compensation process. Discussion on Benefit Enhancement Measures * The proposed/planned road improvement measures will also include an appropriate drainage system (e.g. lined ditches) as well as lay-bys and bus stop areas. * The officials were asking whether improvement of access roads is also part of the Project. The Consultant advised that access roads/streets or portions thereof leading to important social facilities (e.g. schools, health clinics, markets) will be investigated and determined for improvement.

Participants of the Meeting Ato Gizat Abyou Amba Georgis Woreda Administrator Ato Yared Sahile Amba Georgis Woreda Administration Office Head Ato Baggew Tezera Public Relation Councilor Ato Tadiwes Asrat Head of Amba Georgis Municipality Ulrich Willems Project Team Leader (Kocks) Million Gebreyes Sociologist (Metaferia) Gerd Betzinger Environmentalist (Kocks) ) GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS t RO A D P R OJ E C T INGENIEURE

hlv. ?.1J.h 1126 .Ja&ItILurN ,I)OSii'y1 J)t hnrr'qxs CAA i K(lCP fan3'JX- r"t rco'i+ A-nlm tA -'lh.

hJ`/.Iw01I 0)ihi h?>IfV Cimbh of KoblenI/ (iemany)1 ,u-'-g.. Y WICAAl:$"/ h><.7t:: ; Pf.7A 17MIC}( hkn hilsl h.-)-iAT )%S M.-7T-ki, ,,°lly- 'IACA 4Il'} lER\) ¶'hThV-Ay A..umrtiA/'- A'iAffn- VV.(:G 1'w4 Va"l ly,: /1 T' .T'0,h'7A6$4c7 l)+fr'PA:

I'-Oh1f .f.jrJflbilhb ?aunYT t/ T-1A) ?"V+.?V-A)- hin*49. jt9,A:YiiI

* Ah4fr ,nV3,79: h-AlA I""IlAO (I,,. * Atr<#.AA ix1'ur,4 i"'7.rI'hi'.- iWe':/Y'%v * u)a tn''Y'/I'' tlIA# 1 1iI'() flh"'a tI {)A'' 'in IL.r:7tF'; IFFC.es;.1: 49

*I''A.4-A a. TM-.t"'T7: j'jaul.T7h-pv'U hl'X)- lllwliVr ooui,h4 fla)1-Tl. /'/.

nIA &i+ Irv" ? '; a)wtq hfm-iv 4

^qi l' g, ^},e } ^.'' '1''lt' VaJti,ll ti-: 0-VI,' TIM;: hallhl;o1) n n,liltw tl

IXS'IAA;S ii ? S.'AY* :j ?tIIhh-:1: t4Ch aoa&+) nlq.(;l,uiY.eiT:.1 hl}AeI1,,'?" Y"h)l ?thuAavi hlh1uAal:l. roY0 P h)s- V'I't'"1,a"Y: ainy. ?t ?'wi; '7"1 1V NUA111.}4ht,.l-.) ym A4, I-.P;'S -1-ti-i A.UVTY:1- A4. WA,l( tsr7W:l c rs{1* rots hA±J4C ?IA+9A¶'

AuoCl,.&N 7f;: A54.iJ"){i0tlW-A' X'Aa'ti)'U tti'tl*'I.+'Uwt4: .fAui^I(Tf:g,',l. M.tTh -vi'WmaLUsN?1AC79i-4k) Ah.t'v*'P1 n+fanAa)-13I' 'eii'JNA NC9-jr&C vu?iiiA [ay"''I"-yhh+ lan')7.: 'r4. ,w A.&pv~'/.T¶>:',: ' HInv'T'g. A?"') %'hmI-A. d )'I"'/.?/.9. J) A -1-1 Y.a.,"'rA: *}'?4AtA'4-" : .sq.::. .hl.:..firg. 1194 Ci?, w9" 'S.:113 Al-rn. VO%in Vant\Df')UUi& f V4.1) Ttg.Il)^ p,."JIe rn,.'lj;% trtnlKll,Wlz la,0-11 11?'; +-1 MS,104G VICf:' ?%; VA - "IIt. C'11A)

Yi'1i.OAA zl,j. Od1A-.t tnt1.4TA-: hoieo§fla' wli. h71lilf-(e -m :)C'.l.{ (r:llf'71 .;,IY,o.> ,*, ^w,la.-; r T,,1s,q7C Ah'l.-PAA tri.-' JP,9., lIIAIh:.

ARe I)GONDAR - DEBARK ROAD PROJECT KOCKS < I N G E N I E U R E

* s'ii.w ;f4d.5"'1' Ijcrim'J)', ' f:'t,"*'9." ,, rI'.l.f.' P I/41,11-A"l i: JIJ4)jaj) 'tA.',l* I'., iI. Yti: ?v>';.1.flt...... ' w,tJgI'.til ..... 'Siu )v'j'u/.Gil e1l'l,:tlr: s*'I, J' Ag.

- *rsl1 GP ./ StI2 ?1. (fi', #.) rtI/.;(3*h'*I''.{ ;h{

-0f ?UA6Y) RA-S'r' i'Tcfl:4.>)7 Il-Nf->tlxf""1 (uutLi - f.IY iiI1:'A i'flIAiL)(-i+ (AI'fl:[-A. )

- ',rc 'lct ,A~ 7 /)2KC/LI Ian *r-icx.' |7:(ik')' li.7(: ,, h., iyc'::hA*iI' il,r, A

--- rr. - . -, : ' .. .- - *2 - f^~>.

"A14 i G O N D A R - D E B ARK KOCKS . ROAD PROJECT I NG E NI EU R E

Minutes of Town Meeting on 26 January 2005 with the Woreda Administration in Dabat concerning the Gondar - Debark Road Project

Introduction to the Project The Consultant (Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany & Metaferia Consulting Engineers P.L.C. of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia) gave an introduction to the Gondar - Debark Road Project proposed/planned by the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) on behalf of the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) with financial assistance of the International Development Association (The World Bank).

The information on the objectives of the proposed/planned road project comprised general details on: * Alignment improvements and realignments; * Bituminous surfacing of the new road; * Provision of traffic safety measures; . Possible impacts on public/social facilities and housing units in the towns and villages located along the Project; * Land take including removal of houses (resettlement) and land compensation procedures according to the constitution of the FDRE and applicable proclamations; * Etc.

Particular Considerations for the Dabat Woreda and the Town The Consultant informed about the eligibility for compensation and that any claim is subject to a cut off date set with the completion of the socio economic survey and the inventory of properties respectively beyond which no claim should be entertained for compensation.

The Consultant explained that as far as possible compensation/replacement of permanently lost land will be provided by a reinstated/recultivated area of an abandoned section of the existing road in realignments. These areas will become available upon completion of the construction of the new road and the reinstatement/recultivation of abandoned road sections in realignments will be part of the bill of quantities and the construction contract respectively.

Information of the Dabat Woreda Administration The Woreda official is welcoming the proposed Project, which will be an important measure to improve the living condition in the area and the development of the Town as well. The Woreda administration is ready to assist and support in all respects the proposed Project, particularly for the land compensation process.

Discussion on Benefit Enhancement Measures * The proposed/planned road improvement measures will also include an appropriate drainage system (e.g. lined ditches) as well as lay-bys and bus stop areas. * The official asked whether improvement of the access roads to the market area could be integrated in the Project. The Consultant informed that the access road/street to the market being an important social facility will be considered in the detailed designs. * For the improvement of the road the official was asking to include also an extension of the street lighting system up to the end of the town passage, i.e. up to the school after the Bassilikos bridge. The Consultant will consider this in the detail design phase.

Participants of the Meeting Ato Muhabaw Alene Woreda Administration Office Head Ulrich Willems Project Team Leader (Kocks) Million Gebreyes Sociologist (Metaferia) Gerd Betzinger Environmentalist (Kocks) GONDAR - DEB ARK KOCKS , + ROADR PROJ ECT I N G E N I E U R E

)OK 026U.?.S .Jaimaunr '2005 hKf.ef+ a)tA hhIl A.P : h 0'SYC

nh4- 7-1*s:h1

h''lI. h ' ) 1 "P' iZ. Ginbli ,I Kol?iiz' 106At. :1 -:5TTi&1: h1"'IA?'', OI: hfi.;j) MNs N,4y- * t~ii}(flr/ 4A+ iPvI7AI1iv '}>1f 1hf XI;+ Vh.lTA'}1 .ahyPy"

*a.T:.,'l-I5 iSC,thi: I:} a Ii7o."'t i h, h) 1W * Il,,&st VI-7f; "I'll.tIf 1 t1 til< X1 15,olqu 1 I J,1yl' : l. 1+..S lft.8:Rl v A-Pe,Ri ¢ ';fl ';1 Val.wlX '- {l 't'"''12al.'.' ''',(t IIf )'.}

11117:'02 un IT.'f; Vea.-T 1.tl IvlA Il?tfX4 hillf-MY

- Pl.''1c'(i K}h?PA.1'Ct """l k,4flf( ifs"l l.r.tl. VII'll/.:'d At.1M a-1.4i7 fil' V'.a-W' -A t+'7,11C5.bl;z ],} nll

AA 911C+^11' 1-1a ?%}'..;i 0' '.:''X),} ,,;e. ,u.hoi;Iqli ,,

1' A-1.,111 ,) IV II,,t I, V-.);)i 1, I I.,I

vx.i'l6 azA hAt1e.t YA-i

8'zz',t},}s'ill i' I (I511'J'; f Pd.lfil} }':':)l wI wIIX} TJ.|ff T01 1,(

,11sM"R1§7hIjh flaAX NC9- 4Y;Zlsl M)-,} }Y,I '.9-?):: }

T41.P( I,:r hA.1-1 i)? ,Mmv S'ld.i;

t.g.[ll .r,> f i"' '.l "S§hS:1"m'. :' a . '1''47iti F n ml&+?1srt >e.h*VA*: GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS , t ROAD PROJECT I N G E NI E U R E

h3?f.'.In,.4'AA M'API: * tlA""YMI.f t)iu?i IIi1"Ii )IAu~''hnJ~L3.J&'?Il'hL/V

*?.i ervu:i: }"j1:'P' .tt.'? ",t'. h',eFlfi.¶II.). IAY1A 9'A':- 1'tHJ'lrm'iIV: fitA1i J - _A

4 h-h. hf'VVA h1"71. ~d.i hA*r.vsM: :VhA2 -4?rl - -hi.h{ fr'h-tV Tm* ^{ ht'7... l'tIx.i ?4A 1'tCA^f(rUqz,.CC hI > ,.*X;

- hi1' i'?iio VSrfA.1;\AtY. 'If.. 1 - h*r hYr'dln h" ??. ?fl.C )hA.r.¶ - hi ? . A %"'7*iq01.11. II.' T ),'.:A -hir t'h4- V*jl j)* irapg - tl )'J>1i{'. fI.*Jtt S\¶N;P ai79'

-h{ rn~ hm}>>A"'?l. WKIII ro11hA - h+,)i'. AVI [le.vI9A IYtIo'h.A ll1 - hr . 7 P.h.rlVni l1uazny, hE' tioA .i.:I'.1 lVhUI eu,,nlr11., -hr hA4. gv4P I%'WIII) +a0lti

- hi. OII Ag.1)s 71/fi.4f' flAVMA.2tA+ 41GS;t'Ag.49)5,

- 'v.a:( 'li .f'IL4-hI:Pl:,' 1'>~h'W. '1'11.4' h.)vTC*)'7 ilh h-f - 4 , .K. !F;) GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS > \@ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

Minutes of Town Meeting on 26 January 2005 with the Woreda Administration in Debark concerning the Gondar - Debark Road Project

Introduction to the Project The Consultant (Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany & Metaferia Consulting Engineers P.L.C. of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia) gave an introduction to the Gondar - Debark Road Project proposed/planned by the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) on behalf of the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) with financial assistance of the International Development Association (The World Bank).

The information on the objectives of the proposed/planned road project comprised general details on: * Alignment improvements and realignments; * Bituminous surfacing of the new road; * Provision of traffic safety measures; * Possible impacts on public/social facilities and housing units in the towns and villages located along the Project; . Land take including removal of houses (resettlement) and land compensation procedures according to the constitution of the FDRE and applicable proclamations; * Etc.

Particular Considerations for the Debark Woreda and the Town The Consultant informed about the eligibility for compensation and that any claim is subject to a cut off date set with the completion of the socio economic survey and the inventory of properties respectively beyond which no claim should be entertained for compensation.

The Consultant explained that as far as possible compensation/replacement of permanently lost land will be provided by a reinstated/recultivated area of an abandoned section of the existing road in realignments. These areas will become available upon completion of the construction of the new road and the reinstatement/recultivation of abandoned road sections in realignments will be part of the bill of quantities and the construction contract respectively.

Information of the Debark Woreda Administration The official and public representatives are welcoming the proposed Project, which will be an important measure to improve the living condition in the area and the development of the Town with particular view to the tourist industry that will generate employment opportunities. The Woreda administration is ready to assist and support in all respects the proposed Project, particularly for the land compensation process.

Discussion on Benefit Enhancement Measures . The proposed/planned road improvement measures will also include an appropriate drainage system (e.g. lined ditches) as well as lay-bys and bus stop areas. * The official asked whether improvement of the access roads to the market area and a cultural centre could be integrated in the Project. The Consultant informed that the access road/street to the market being an important social facility will be considered in the detailed designs. * For the improvement of the road the officials were asking to include also some extension of the street lighting system up to the begin/end of the town passage. The Consultant will consider this in the detail design phase.

Participants of the Meeting Ato Amsalu Amare Woreda Administration Head Ato Hunelin Belay Woreda Administrator Ato Semachiw Haile Office Head, Woleda Administrative GONDAR - DEBARK KOCKS , \J ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

Ato Maye Yeshaw Kebele Administration, Head Ato Amsal Amare Administration Officer Ato Sisay Fekadu Municipality Planning Department Ato Tesfa Detew Surveyor Ato Negussie Tsegaye SMNP Park Warden Ato Mekonnen Alemie Public Agency Ato Seid Abdella Public Agency Ato Ayelign Kibiret Public Representative Ato Mulugeta Derso Public Representative Ato Assefa Demeke Public Representative Ulrich Willems Project Team Leader (Kocks) Million Gebreyes Sociologist (Metaferia) Gerd Betzinger Environmentalist (Kocks) GONDAR - DEBARK KDCKS > ROAD PROJECT INGENIEURE

APPENDIX 5

Yields and Prices for Cost Estimation of Comrensation

Table A: Yield and local Farm Gate Prices for Crops along the Project Road (March 2006)

Yield (qt/ha) Price (Birr/qt) Crops Amba Dabat Debark Amba Dabat Debark Georgis Georgis Barely 15 14 12 210 280 270 Wheat 16.5 16 15 250 280 240 Beans 18 16 15 250 280 250 Peas 18 8 8 270 266 270 Teff 10.5 10 7 280 315 330 Lentil 4 4 5 350 350 350 Sorghum 22 10 10 160 165 160 Maize 15 15 12 160 160 180

Table B: House Types and Estimate Prices along the Project Road (March 20061

Gondar - Amba Georgis Dabat & House Type, House Area Weleka Debark Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban

Grass/Thatch Roof, 1,500 -- 1,500 -- 1,500 -- 2 < 60 m E1B/unit ETB/unit: ETB/unit:

Grass/Thatch Roof, 2,000 : -- 1,800 -- 2 1,800 -- > 60 m ErB/unit: ETB/unit ETB/unit ------I------L------Corrugated Iron Sheet Roof, 400 450 350 : 400 350 400 "standard house" ETB/m 2 ETB/m 2 ETB/m 2 : ETB/m 2 ETB/m 2 : ETB/m 2 ------Corrugated Iron Sheet Roof, hollow block construction, 850 950 800 : 900 800 900 with electric power supply, ETB/m 2 ETB/m2 ETB/m2' ETB/m2 ETB/m 2 : ETB/m 2 own toilette, etc. pue-Iaqq sa oW 0911

puel puei OjlPaH masnNI! 8 ...... uel mejsig eufI2P i L'T1...... j Ma)12U S sndAen~aS w~ ...... *...... *...... J.61.. F jHW j.fl~ ...... 6 f ~ i d ; i~ ii ...... I...... - ...... pi.Xue l ~ w~aq~

pue...... HqAeqeoW...... z" T...

pue-Iwe ' w j f. puei a e~q:SflulN OLTI...... ;.5 1 i; w 0 H ...... -6 jiV-...... : ...... i... puN eU6ISW j 7TI...... H d ue.f.ioi ...... f f

pue jeo1Aaw eueBVaS ...... ; j. ~ W i~ ...... I...... PU2 flWqV maUpejb t~II. PulWSe aqaV Zt1I...... 6 i ~ f W .5i j ...... 6...... f1...- ...... H u5fi0i I...... 05 EW e jwu~ --..... I.. 8.....6f ...... i6j .~mx:i~f jen ...... I...... Ui2.Fi JJij ...... H...... Si ll.f

puel ueuojow e ii.Aw CEI pue-j s) une jsain 6011.

puei 1 M waj.!V olwe TETI. puejjj qq a~iqew 'N

pueij.je nqAweSv101 pue1 aweV mqeqy!Vqe 0011

9fl PUI pue0ZU! W~ ...... (sd....v ...... d)...... d~ ...... 9 Xue- dd ...... I...... I...... I...... N O ...... GO0N DAR- D EBARK ROA D P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LadUe Nm)Land Use in 2006, No. LadUe Nm)Type of Structure L161 Aduina Niguse Ln L1Tai MertLand

L164Chek!e.LgeseLand ...... Kebela Eu c"aly pt us Tr"ee...... Li6Ferede.Aba y ...... aP!.y.pt Te

Li6 hiopia Berhun Eucalyptus Tree

...... Pl1a w.shaire Euca!yptsTe

...... Berenet Enwew...... Eucaly.ptsTm e L 5 M .!.. o...... ~..yptus. Tree ...... Li6Brtukan Asefa Land

L11 Gondar Educa Media EucalyptsTe L8Gim ija Derbew Land ...... Keniwe Tefare Land ...... W erta Me ngist ...... Land L16Gashaw Deresa EucalyptsTe Li87Yese DebewEucalyptus Tree L18Malede Derbew Eclpus Tree L8Aanaw.DersoL190 ! o .. ucai'...sTre...... cal se......

..... Habite...... Mu un ...... Eucalyptus Tree

Li8 sea heo Land Leesu20 Welelae Land L2 seat Chekoan Eucalyptus Tree LK2 amsse Kaedee Eucalyptus Tree

A2Dsief Mhekont TEuc andtuTe

Lite2LtoseLEucanotusused .... K...... bede...... M olk oan ...... e...... Land...... Public...... Land...... Land...... M...... ese...... A sefa...... e...... Land......

e227Mihrt Dollu Eucalyptus Tree ...L2 ...... D amitew A...... emu.... Land...... L229 Maru Alemue-~"e...... uC~a!.puT puei Mal± ajaqs3 auwa t71Tt7 puel Nal1 eu npv uwy a To

PU ei .J4J I ajlpuaS mep! U3 oVtii

pue-I sappej Meqi 0

puej unAa VnqnM

pue-1 omqsa!D sappej M2qaEm 00t71 puei JJal leala !saia:)V 86E1...... - 6 puei qaweD j 3 S60l

puel ajuw6v puei alewaIV jI)aua ) 11.l

piele asseM~ we4jqeH 6SE1. pue-1 aqn(]a )oM £8E1. AjDn MJAU198E1.eij ...... Iq w wlgdieo ...... I...... 95. :PF ;i6i j ...... W6qJ6d euo.w ...... 6y )n.. 9 ll tP8E1.

pue-l uauopa qs 5~40j puel asa aN niaag6El~ pueli ~ f 6 NAq L1 pu2l sappe i ejuaj LLEI. pue1 owWW2A ajM!4 9LE1. cJNYI ~zIeW sappel j uaj L. cinA maue4saA meLjseE VE pue-1 esau eg snjaji3 ELEI puele saWsV nla)t2eZLL puel saisv aqsnqa.V f2LE. puel m5lEAv ,j§Bi.N OE a:)a4OtPS a1: a 6I1 pue-I fAejM~ZiZ1 89E1 pule-1 ~s puel TefnW masipaW puel wa'i' sajsv S9 pue-1 a4eqV niinW 71 puelj ewasal els~a 9E1. pue-1 aueq:j e11oW 9.

puel eq 22V£E pue-1 ~ElA' pule-I au -weNi6i4Wt7d:

(sdelSUSJdpSJJ 8(l ...... I...... N O GO0N DAR- D EBARK ROA D P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LadUe Nm)Land Use in 2006, No. LadUe Nm)Type of Structure L416 Solomon Ad ugna Teff Land L1Endeshaw Amide Barley L48Emixu Tesfahun Bare L40 eg St Teff Land L42 AyanehAdugna Eualvptus Tree L42Yohans Tiua Maize Land

L423Yalga AebeTeff Land ...... A e !9n.R 1 9t e ...... Teff. Land ......

L48Ta-kele Tikela Eucalyptus Tree L9Aschalew Belete Maize Land

L3Endeshaw Molla Land L42Ssa pthn Teff Land ...... 3...... A~yito Alemaw EucalyptsTe

L46 ola ohn Eucalyptus Tree L437 eles Aweke ...... 'Eu c"alyp" tus Tree...... L438 Gebive Amet Teff Land L49Mihret Zeleke Maize LAND L40 ola sehw Land L4 isayAbebe EucalyptsTe L43Amare Envyew Eucalyptus Tree L4...... ~us.Melle Land 145Amaxe Envyew Brle 0L4ol Mle Ba ley L447...... ucalvptus Tree...... L448...... Aschalew Ab uhay ~!~yptsTeEucal...... ~49Yitilaw Demisie Eucalyptus Tree L50 Alemayehu Getahun Land LWl ...... J* ~ g n...... ~y~ t ... sIe...... ~e ~ ...... ~ OyptMs Y. M ...... L.4~3 EheteKebeeweEucalyptus Tree

L45 Haile Be lay Teff Land L5 engiste.!Moc.es.....House .... Eshetu...... Be. ryhun Land e.e.Eu...... c"alyp"vtus Tr"ee...... i at AeGizat...... A..lem"I v bt ".. T re ...... L40Worke Terefe Land

43Endalew Abexa Eucalyptus Tree ...... ps I~ ...... L4d ndalek Meles Eucalyptus Tree L46AEndalek Melese Eucalyptus Tree 6 ...... o . Azage...... Ar...... EucalyptsT e L48~ ~ ...... chilo zaaee Araae Eucalyptus Tree .9...... Ejg...... !p...... sm ...... L71AlmuTeen Eucalyptus Tree 2~Y~...... ~...... I re...... Ze3lemkel Ay Eucalyptus Tree ...... Masesh MceEucalyptus Tree Al47Mm HueeaEucalyptus Tree L472 MBaelav Teuene EucalyptsTe

L7Awk Abebe~y Eucalyptus Tree ...... j2.....Ji maU!q messeZV i H x ...... I...... q ~...... ~ 4 ' ~ ~ 3 ...... J0 ...... 41f iW .oi 4444vee) 0E~~1 ...... I...... gi1.SflKfi2,fj al)[eMv sarqsO

I l~TE91 ...... i..j ...... g5~dii)l t4s Uqat4auep.

puel gal s Nmwwv9i pul a eqwig anwa1v T fl12)Ijv eip v 651

aaepIqsnjl0:1. oos1 ...... ~AegifiXj@6n; p...... ~UU~U x .6 5f ...... 86 t1 . .(:NVazieA~Aj-1 n a ...... i ...... fld/~~)f; eI4S ajqaPUJ e 8TSt1.

aaijI s e:nj Aqw iw

aeqwVm nlppevf

...... jf H iA ...... eqw...... w ...... 9 1 . ~Uaqaag ajet4sj) LOS1 .....-...... p...... f...... L...... In ...... j~3h~ag.j~e~~ To*1 ...... 1...... ~ jD W O ij ...... 0...... 99 l 9i~ 1 9 ij ...... ~ o ai~adj. sn0Ne'-''g...... uu u"':V xf~ ... .. -~ ...... I...... 4 f H~;i H ...... Fi6 sflM ...... S O ...... 9...I...... V...... GO0N DAR- D EBA RK ROA D P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item Land User (N m)Land Use in 2006, No. (Nm)Type of Structure L540 Abitew Welde Eucalyptus Tree

[543Fena Aitew Eucalyptus Tree

L55 zan'awAIAle'ne...... Euc"alyptus Tree

8 ...... Tse...... Eucalyptus...... Tree...... 5...4...... L50Chilot Kinde Eucalyptus Treeaf~ ...... [551 Endale Mengistu Land

[554 Abate...... a...... Barle~y ....

[56 M egiiw W sea.M!y.u.I...... e...... 561 End..a.....Me..n....tu E....calyptus...... Tree ...... 562...... ko E ucalyptus...... T ree......

[57MeeeBeeeEucalyptus Tree

[570Gashw EseteEucalyptus Tree

ca[574...... [5...... Sh n or e keE...... chool Eu...... l mYp6A ate...... T ree......

257 Ebhee Waceiwe Eucalyptus Tree

[583KAbetuMekonen Eucalyptus Tree

.5~..... u...... u..!qteChMole EucalyptsTe

- L9orKkut Merse Teff Land E[598...... Y ...... [69*oAreu Asefum Lefand 1...... anaw Afeworkn [efand

...... aa.~iisndAxinowHjejs Z9

.... n.d...... iwsv.eqqn.6.9 aaj.] snd4~ Po j ope 991 .wj 6~~galeAo sasseSS9

5aij sn lAonj e6s npnmIZ £S91

~~ijsnfdABe5e siss 8'9 .... s. dA....I.....ltflNL479 ...... jasrnldA le,"),, ......

55ij snld~e flem aial~J SUt4OaewV 6t'91 .S 0t;791

...... i*liN6 am7£91j ...... A...... E£9 ...... 61.HU6i ...... i6iav.MaUnZV 0£9

puel eqeqD)JaaVsMuI40A5 8E91

eb1s 6191 puelJpI puelga NJJM~OlaqnM 81E91

pue1jjS a>A!Wo I £191 puel fl IOW~Ial 0191 ...... /~ e ...... 6091...

pNize-j au - Ae399 pjsrdAenj q V 891t'011 ...... z£ 0§9 1 ~. - ...... n...... '907.U!jSlpU1 D eN pe 9s ...... (sd...... d )...... S...U....SJ...... P...... pB (O JdS5 4...... 9...... C O...... J d i j y ...... ) ...... NO D...... GO0N DAR- D EBARK ROA D P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item Land User (N m )Land Use in 2006, No. (Nm )Type of Structure L664 Mulu Kass Land L65Abuha YWor Land L666 Asm are Alem u LEand ...... L6 smare Alemu Land L6 FrdeAmare Land Zeme Desie ...... tuE calyvp"t usTTree...... Lt6.70 Gebire Abera Eucalyptus Tree L61Maru Tegegine Eucalyptus Tree

L674 humyeDebeEucalyptus Tree [65 Birhan Asmare Barley

...... Achene Kass Eu c"ayI"vptus Tree 168Wsse Tesema Land L8...... ajhn.eie Teff Land L61 Wasse Gete Land Ln...... e Te.. L and...... A i...i.... Tesema Teff Land in kDayei.ale Land 85Asfaw Adane T...... f~f La'nd...... L86 Workve GeteEuaytsTe Amare Dube Teff Land

6 GeeBarley 1 ...... Fenta Tilunei...... 'Eu"calyptus Tree .... Ac...... XhenaflKass EucalyptsTe *i94Wsse Tesema Eucalyptus Tree L66Tsema Biquneh EucalyptsTe L67 Aragaw Tesema Eucalyptus Tree L~9Wasse Tesema Eucalyptus Tree L7*Maru Fet ucalyptsTe

L0 esie Tesema EucalyptsTe L0 Dse Tesama Eucalyptus Tree k704ihret" Ti:r,fe Eucalyptus Tree

L0 elatew Meleca Eucalyptus Tree L0 eletew Meleca Eucalyptus Tree 79Berhune Cenedeka Maize LAND bebe Feneti Eucalyptus Tree - 71 Abebe Cenedeka Land NiqusJbee Webeneh Land 7 3...... N~.Rfk .W ubneh...... Land...... DY§ ... Abebe...... S~~'endee E"ucalyptus Tree 76 Birhanu Sendeke Eucalyptus Tree e....Eucalyptus...... Tree D Y ...... Tik Belay ...... Eucal!yptsT e Z19Abite Abuhay Eucalyptus Tree L2OAdane Tegecgne Eucalyptus Tree ~Z1 eg Mihret EucalyptsTe 172Berhune Senedeka EucalyptsTe Z...... Ni us Mersha EucalyptsT e L72*4 Gedamu Malede EucalyptusR!~Tree ...... Z.Teie Leciese Eucalyptus Tree ...... &j ...... Aep . g . e...... 56j...... OAW iS5 I 2bii 1 ijii nii ......

puej ~j4a ...... I ...... z.... z ...... p.....l.JJ.....~66XM.~iigZV...... I...... u ...... 5i l~- U6 Y...... ! . L.... pJ:...... -u ej ...... puj-gid 0ij ...... -,w6 pIV ...... L~...Z pue......

puej MS!WUONJ1 M4JSv L aueI.~ .66~ ...... l...... 0 ...... sq~ jL

pI g Wu5~A ~~ ~ l

pui.jfXln atsaJaW nwO)IIv OLLl...... i ...... Ufq...... q ...... 0ndjn ejxsv s69L.

...... puelji 6§z5~

. . . P...~uelM l aa...... "2...L ...... I...... I I...... S......

puel4i ~ J.J1~qa6E1

meqsE) aewJP 9/I1L puel ...... i j...... 9 ...... I...... A Ae qnq jgi-,§SiW!W05H .UO~...... iZ6W f £q...... 6 ±~. Ae6:i~qg j...... ~ ...... lz 4f ~...... 6;jj~dj6 iju~4§64j M u4 ......

...... 5 f ~a sj)feqv aSSeqV~L and...... '~5Jn...... p U -§ii x ...... i...... I...... VI3 O...... i i ...... pue-1O4ad...... V8 YG-HiV...... O .. tS .. GO0N DAR- D EBA RK ROA D P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item Lad User (Nm)Land Use in 2006, No. (Nm)Type of Structure L784 Gemitew Gedilu Land L75Ares Wenyrw Land L76 erdeBeace Land L78Muhabaw Abera Sto...... 6 n"e Fe"nce......

...... Eshet Desie Stone Fence

L73Amamaw Tareke ne Land L795 oges !~muTeff Land L796 . Me ebirat...... Chanene Land ...... L77 Bnchayh AemLand -,L78...... Te...M~Earia Land DL79 Ale AunaStone Fence 0 ...... agw . A-bera Land......

L80. hore a gqffic Land

...... Muabaw.i Ae rat Land

ML nasresabDayna LuandtuTe 8109 Puliaanndy~Ir uhab5Seaw Aberu Maiz Lad

D§f ...... i.C !nk L nd ~2...... SisamrtZaek e Teff...Land

P85ubli Tafer Eucalyp)tus Tree L815Sea Muluelay Teize Land 8....B.l..y...... a.. .. Te..Land

L82Adds Beefa Land

203 Akelew Tafere TeucalytudTe

L841 Due Tafer Eucalyp)tus Tree u83boreTaere Eucalyp)tus Tree 4Kamsue Taferu Eucalvptus Tree .... A deneku...... A beba...... B arley...... puel Ass56

Puel a)eiuv e2sVs S061 n~Aenpu eaiewv melsv Z061 ...... 0 0 61 ~irdioij ~ 510V6iOLqtjWe .. 66...... 1 ...... n...... 6 8 1i~

puelJJe jweiP a2u a4a £681 pue-I ~ in oE)I muewV S681

n~Ae,npu aWqv4 auLIep g T6881

aa.s4~ ni nwep~±aEwap£e881 ...... ~a.s~Aen5~ .WP~4aqE)881ti...... 81 pue 4ai±8 ..

...... !6Z §1 aais~AeuaIV aqV L-L81

n~Ae ng allaMle_Zmeuez SL81

...... I lag 6981 pueWi.6i ...... WF O .i u ...... t § ...... 65 n~iidA(6je ...... 5§~;55T Uihw ...... 8981..f ...... 9 81....

puel 4iuWaa3 L8

(ONVI.azieW sappe.L e2LnqV £981 p'iel jj-L AeJsai.eqaqV Z981

pue1 aieqv aqnai 8S81

..... I...... 581 pue-i pue'1 meqeqaL4s aqselppV £581 puel aqq 9>lmv Z581 puel saIaW eueu:i 1581 puel ai4e MalI)lv 0581 PUel aOqSa i e a~N 6t'81

( NI9ieW 2. L5jij..181

wnfpfnjIS jo adAj. auN anpe 'ON '9ooz ulas puej ISlPR walu

(SdVd) SUOSJB9d PBIP)OUV P'8rOid

I D JfO 'dd G VO0"d>I~)4V 9QCl-'dV G NODE GO0N DAR- D EBARK ROA D P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item Land User (N m)Land Use in 2006, No. (Nm )Type of Structure L[908 Yalew Fentahun Brley

L1*Amamaw Taye Teff Land L1 irdaw Melese Eucalyp)tus Tree L1 ubtBhru Eucalyp)tus Tree L94 Wubet Beharu EucalyptsTe ...... [1 emerete Alebache-w...... Teff Land ...... e...... Barle...... 1.... oshu...... Mq~engistu Teff Land ...... KL1igin.Y'g a Teff...... Land ...... 19 Goshu Mengist Teff Land ...... 2 asha...... Mu..lawii f~...... Barley...... ?.1.!...... i da!Tff...... Landy ...... [2 etu Weta.:rqy Teff Land G...... L2.....megune.tako TffR' L"and...... 92...... Koku...... Kasahun...... e...... Land..... Z....eke...Ayana...... arley...... 926.YismawAsefa Ba...... rle

L927 sfaw beraTeff Land ...... 2...... g..esT f L and ...... A...... a...... Land......

933 Esilam TideLand L93 Zemt BeeneLand 6 ...... St.M icael Ch. Land ...... [3 mba iwe. High School Land L98 Mezemer Merhatsadik Land .... Z ew udu...... A..kI...... iu...... Land...... I......

L44 Wesen Ayseyide Fence ...~...... y.,.M.er!~!Q .su...... Fence

L4 smare Achenef Land ...... Des~jie Birara Land

[5 atuma Ali Land 5 ...... i...... L and...... L955 Zena Gonete Land

[6 iaun en Housen L9~ ...... Il gn .Fekede"'ll"'l "Il "' l andlIl, "Il Il Il "'l Il 'l ...... [62 Tabdun Hassen House 3.... Zewudu...... B....aye...... House . ![64Almehmed House

96Lemlem Aem EucalyptsTe

...... 9 ...... Solom on Eshetu lLand...... GO0N DOAR- D EBARK ROAD P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LadUe Nm)Land Use in 2006, No. LadUe Nm)Type of Structure

L970 Gebire Teshome Teff Land L7Asnakew Kifle Land L973Ambw AsebrEucalyptus Tree L95Nega Achenef Eucalyp)tus Tree L96Bere Alem- Land

L7WuuMknen House L7GereDesie House .... G...... ebire Desie House

L8M sqanaw Asefa Teff Land L986 Shumv~e Alene Land L98Gmata Tra Land L99Asme Asnakew Teff L'a nd...... L91Teqen Getahun Eucalyp)tus Tree L92Aarech Melsew Teff Land L94Aef AeuTeff Land L95YewbeiiaDesale ne....Bar~y Ln

L997 Melis Ferede Teff Land 99Mkont Dube Teff Land LOOAefa Muche Eucalyp)tus Tree

L02 Takelu Damita Teff Land L103Aine. Ha'o Teff Land 0 ... G...... iedamTakele Barle L05Kss Enqida Eucalyptus Tree L06 Sed Wn9s Station Eucalyp)tus Tree L07 Engidlaw Biquneh Euc I!VDtus Tree L08 Girmav Menciste Teff Land L10 irku Mulat Barley l ...... M aren W eretaw...... Land...... Lil arena Weretaw Teff Land L02 Mezemer Mekoant Barle~y L1 ebti-r- Desie TeffLand L11 obee Geaw efLand

01 .. arew H-ail4u...... Maize LAND 109Wratiwe Hailu Eucaly tus Tree L12.....Arega.Mekoant Teff Land L12 dis Melese Teff Land L03esae Geese Teff Land L04sedale Gesese Teff Land L12 ndae Gese efLand

*1P7...... he.Tedal Teff Land L1029 Atkl eoa Tff Land L13 kire WunhT 'fand...... I...... Kisade...... e...... e Land...... GO0N DAR- D EBA RK ROA D P ROJ ECT

_____Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LadUe N m)Land Use in 2006, No. LadUe Nm )Type of Structure L1032 Mekonen Melese Teff Land

104Evavu.Bishaw Teff Land L13 une Melikamu Teff Land L...... ail~ u M'enber"u ...... T"e ff L"an..d...... L13 ucy.assa Teff Land ...... ffC ilhakilcoDeboca ...... d...... Te...... Land...... L14 ade Waqawu Barley Ln [14 ol Geiru Teff Land L43 Silu Kide Teff Land

L14 asave Gizaw Eucalyptus Tree n e.Gesese...... yptus2Tree......

L49Dres Melese Land [15 enebe Adane Barley ...... n . e e e . . . .Te Land...... [1054 "arieamAlemu...... es E"u calyptsTe

[...... eg~ ...... EcypuTe...... ~!p.~sTe L06Yeshibe Envyew Teff Land

L1§95 ...... Mekoant Meaza Tef Land Kasaw Asmamaw Barley ! .61...... e ...... Eucalyptus Tree L63Gtahun Zenebe EucalyptsTe

...... nwBirke Teff Land L67Mebrate Zenebe Teff Land L~8Tezera Daq new Teff Land [16 disu Melese . E...... ucalyptsTe .[07 Me osha Dube EaytsIe

L17 itew Chekol Eucalyptus Tree [17 asave Desie Eucalyptus Tree L17 izazu Waka Eucalyptus Tree L 7Aemu Laew Barley L17 olla Geiru Eucalyptus Tree [17 smare Teshale Eucalyptus Tree

L0 1 Gism e M ulachew Eucalyptus...... Tree...... Jenber...... Z er hu eff...... Land...... - 18 ete Zerihun Teff Land

naw.Zerihun Teff Land [06Genetu Schenaf Teff Land .. L.~ ezera Da gnaw Teff Land 8 ... M ihret...... e...a...... Land....

L01Worku Yehola...... T'eff Land L92I Dres Azazhe ITeff Land L19 elete Zenebe T ef-f La.nd...... GO NDA R-DE BARK ROAD P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LadUe N m)Land Use in 2006, No. LadUe Nm )Type of Structure

L1094 Belete Zenebe Bariey L1095 Chakile.Seten Barle

Adugna Yalew. Teff Land

L15Bitew Chekol Teff Land 1-1106 ...... T ie e o a...... Te...... L .and ...... I..... T ef ...... e T eff...... Land...... E shete...... Ar ...... B arley......

Lill Teaw AegaTeff Land

L1116 Gisme Muche Barle Land Li11 raeAndarsle Barley Land L19Asefa Andarqe Teff Land

L1120Mull Gethun Teff Land Li2...... Ft ... edn Tareff Land L2.....Abebe Aee Teff Land L ...... 1...... GG hos znhe...... B..iefzLa d...... e...... T...... Land...... L116 Tgab Beyfene Land L11 ...... Desaiegne Denekew EtUcalyp-'v 6tus Tr"ee...... L128Ayna enekew Eucalyptus Tree

30. C...... hekoleYehola Spring Water LI132 Niquse Yehola Land

L15 Gebire Enqida Land L1136 Eni AjdjAwMche Land L...... A bera M uche EiLand......

Li 141 Asres Land...... _n

L43 Endalew Yehola Barle~y L14 znaw Abebe Teff Land

Sete7ne Muche Teff Land LiH49 ...... Gebire Engidaw Teff Land ft L lOAbuhav Desie Barle~yjLand ......

4I15 Mersha Welde JTeff Land *Li15 Aimasu AboyTefLn GO NDA R-DEBARK ROAD PROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item Land User (Nm)Land Use in 2006, No. (Nm)Type of Structure L1156 Wube Abuhay Land L57Kinde Mersha Teff Land L18Kinde Mersha Eucalyptus Tree L59shtKinde Land

L12 Tega Kinde Land L13Nigus YiKgizaw Teff Land Li6...... Yiizaw.Mersha Teff Land -165Mulapt!By Teff Land

L...... J..p...... Land.....g ... Asmare...... A e...... Barle Land L74 irarNiaFete TBa Land * ...... !r ...... u Teff...... Land ...... L176 Ze.yey Alemen Teff Land * ?...... ~g..AddisuLand sm7awuew Alemw Landan

83rBisentLaew Teff Land * i~...... a ea!~...... rland Z115ete Alemue Teff Land Li86lz ed Land Ll1'§...... wavu.lew A y ...... effLand

11.. reS say BareyLn L Abebe Land

116Ae iu Mucemp ...... urndLn

L...... §e.tke Teff Land

L18 Bya Ezez...... e Teff Land

9Be Gebiet Fentve Teff Land * 12 ezera Teshae Tef Land

13MkteqaS Abemubee Land

.111 eeeAlemu Eucalyptus Tre

142...... w.Sheferaw.Land Tirf7ewok Acrhef Teff Land GO0N DAR- D EBARK ROAD P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LnUsrLand Use in 2006, No. (Nm)Type of Structure

L1218 A e e . roTeff Lanid...... 1.1219 ...... A Ie!...... de...... Te...... Land...... L1220 Mengist Alemu Teff Land L1221 Wude Asefa Teff Land L1222 Ne ashe Birke 'Eucalyptus Tree 1.24 Getnet Kasa Teff Land L122 ...... e...... Te... Land

L13...... Mrh.Ahiret Teff Land

L1Mihre TiyaK tu Teff Land

L1239 Mul Damite Teff Land

L1234 Teahuy.WndAem Teff Land em24SoKrithAberaLLan

L148Mkon~-ien AdiascandtsTe- L10m.hreAErta Landre LMuluAte Damitbayf Land 125 Manret Eretad Land La54Tree Kdiasaef Land

L...... Kedanew Ka saye ...... fefLand ...... Bosena...... B~,f-6eirayl r ...... g eL Lan d ......

L123 Mohalne Beimay Land

L26 Atero Aosue Land

L169Lwue _oh Land L...... Flente M uche LEand......

os25enet Kayedeq! Te...... Land

1.27 Cheacleu BeltiTef Land 1f~..1278 ...... AkiiarnTiorku TLffdLand 1.129 S PRWaseTef Land pueI JJaJ ewjiE9 maLpelv 0 nuifpnlmaz -jewW2 6~ti. pue1j ese)f nlpnlmZ 8ET puel NJJfwp'~I~~~ i pue2-41 nwqnv alS2)I ST9 puelj nqnSIUVLAMsse1V t'Ti.

puel j4_ n~iuaj TE.Th.

puel ga nal asappeWi~ 9ETI. puel JJa I ewwa-II aI!J)Ieq 6ZT. puiE.) n~ mas4peqal ZIETI. puelI J.J_J Mplaq ews 1 9 Pu21 Ma I unqL12_ nl!IIOM Osi PUe2i MaI waV asappe i t?ZT-T

PU el nsaIewipD alW~IV 9ZTTI PU 2i J.J4Ifuuo)a aswOVM pueijJ4a.L mae )jM0tfTTi iuiAieg nwUO)lv Mspp.U TETI

puel J.J I 242SvA.W~iuej~j 8~

pue-1 ~jj1 ejji~e 7E puel _a_ie uSuolSWma e( ZQTEI

pue- Di e.jjsau5i nwaIV 86Ti - PU2i1 J.J I aqaqV~ meWOqS ~ 96Ti pue-1 _45i qaes n26 q2 t6T. pu el.ai eJjasvI eIseje ?OCTI.

puel JJ I eja SJN 6OETI. puel MDLI ~ elfV ~1IVL~i

Iuij~ine!)IuISD EOETI PuePJ~.IOD4 WIAlP TOET1.

9JfllfljaSjonldA1e( OE0seN '9O?! Se u l a IiyUR1 N (sdvdSUOSld P8z 9rTJ 66 ...... d a...... v...... g ...... N O...D... GONDAR-DEBARK ROAD PROJECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item Ln UsrLand Use in2006, No. Ln Usr(Name) Type of Structure L1342 Eshete Mekach Land L33AaeA!emu. Teff Land 4 ... A l...... Xebele w erede Te...... Yff L'a nd...... Li 45 asre. Awule-iiw ...... Teff L'a nd ...... L37 Getachew Ferede Teff Land L34MuueAula Teff Land L135 Zewdu AaraTeff Land 5...... Esa...... t...A...... Te...... Land...... 5 ... Al...... XebeleWerede" Teff Land ... Taddese...e-e Te...... Land......

L15 ebevehu Molta Teff Land

Li31Mamar Eiiqu Teff Land ...... E ya Bishet T f Land L33 Azele Gonete Teff Land L16 erese Avalew Teff Land ...... Eypy Bishet Teff Land L166Tsgaw Mekonen Teff Land L16 avushe.Tezera Teff Land L38 Teshale Tefera Teff Land

L31M oIa!qne Terefe Teff Land

L33 Amiro Mo laliqne Teff Land L137 Chkiiu Workneh Teff.....Land~f L36Molaigne.Terefe Teff Land L38 Worku Alemu Teff Land

L18 aniqut Mulu Teff Land L1381 SisavfHaile Teff Land L183 Yeshuve Asichenik EucalyptsTe 8 ... A...... braraw Atinaf 'Land...... 18! Barlyd an Lii388G o oalTega Srghu Land

L1389 Birara Mulu Eucalvotus Tree

L 3 1Molla Jenber Teff LEand...... e....Land...... L193 Misqanaw Andarge Land L134Bye Ckun Teff Land

L139 Dejn MiretEucalyptus Tree L.39.. A...... em new Werede- Te...... Land ...... 9 ...... Asefa Asikabe...... 'Eu' c"ayI"vp"t us.. Tr"ee...... * 19 lmnew Werede Land

L10 u uageA gw ...... ouse...... GO NDAR- D EBARK ROAD P ROJ ECT Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item LadUe N m)Land Use in 2006, Ladose.(am)Type of Structure

L1404 Seteqne Menge House

L46Shebe Asichenik Land L1 al Damite Eucalyptus Tree L49 Te fa~y.Ha±!ilu Land L40Tddese Belay Land L41mare worku Land

L44 Desie Alemu Land L1415~ ...... B.irke Yalew Land 1416.Lele .. Ba ye ...... House 1 ...... Yachale Belay Fence 2 ... Amba...... Tezera ...... Land.

...... u.....habaw Terefe Land L24 Mullu Gesese Land L1425 Getahun Alebel Land L142 Jeaw A~muLand ...... ss w Keassaw...... ebe...... e...... Land......

140 AshagerW.orkneh Fence 142A amiraw W orkneh...... Eucl yptu Tree...... L143 erje Gebepjyehu Fence 3 ... S...... hurnet D inku EaL...... nd ...... L45 Getnet Tafere Land

...... Ayjnew A !emu ...... Land L13 ~...... Land...... L40 Eshete Ta deqe House L1441 eiuGr Land

L43Wnde Melese Eucalyptus Tree

... 14.....5 Desie Asimamaw House ...... A.M.L.D Land 148A ke Aebel Land

.....4....0 Mersha Molla House L42 Mersha Derso Land L1453 Aamiraw Deien Teff Land

- 15 ubeshet Zeamanial Teff Land 147E h t Yir a Eucalyptu Tree ...... L48Gebire Tezera Teff Land ...... ;G eb e Yir e...... re...... Yefirnd...... e...... T...... Land...... 140Aane Chekole Teff Land 141 Haile Yirde Teff Land L143 Egen MlaTeff Land

D16br MoiTeff Land GONDAR-DEBARK ROAD PROJECT

Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Item Land User (Nm)Land Use in 2006, No. (Name) Type of Structure L1466 Getinet Avele Land ...... I...... I...... L.1467 Mi s..a...n,,..aw.,.C.he,k.ol.e .. nd .... .,.La 1.4 ,,68.,.L DeguB a PeB e ...... Land...... , ...... L14,6,9 , A.!.~.. .. Adma.e.A.e.!.ne,,,Land L1470 ...... C.hil o.t. Ad. erajew Land...... L14.71...... LAND e.Maize 1472 ... Se..n,,d.,,e,,k,,B ...... r ... Land ...... , ., ., L1473 D.,,,,B,ayxe ,, ,pe.gu.,..Teff Land. L1474..L45...... ,,,....s .a...... ,e Baz w Fer.e.de...... tan ....TefF ELand d...... I...... L45Aaw Geie ...... and ...... 7 ...... o...I1 la.. ..A ... buhay...... eba,Ge.t..,t,,,,...... L'and...... Lne L77 Abebaw Getinet Land L1478 Getinet Chane Land L 1479 . G,e,bi,r,e,,, , ,G,..e.d, amu Land L1480...... Molla...... dKassa Q ...... , ...... Land ...... ,. . L1482 Shumete Fente Land L1483 ... F.i.t.g.e. F..e r.ed.e .T..r,e.e.,. Eucalyptu.s, ...... , L14,8,.,4,L144...... ye!~...... hu.5mTet Maize.h....mAe.!gnee LAND P ~ t q MieLN,,,,...... L1485 . Abuh .....a y.M ...... ek.onen ...... Teff Land ...... 148 ...... e.....ne...... Chane Teff Land .

F.ika.dB ....,L,,14.8.8.i.ad.o Teff Land...... , ...... , L14 .8.9..e...... a Me...... Te ...... eL... a.a...e ... . T e f f . L.nd L149Q Zalane.she ...... e-Ab.a.te . .. w4.*Land L1491 . .,,,,,Gob,e M.ezi.ebu Teff Land L1492 Shumete Fente Barley Land i143 Fikad hk .L.a.nd L1494 .M.!i.b.Gwism e , L.and L1495 ChalMitkue Barley Land L1496 Derebe Biweta Teff Land L149 Abebe Ferede Teff Land L1498 ... Sh.i.fe.,ra.w. Mu.,c Tf L...... and L1499 A...... y el.e.. y.e Ba.y..i.ne Land ...... L150 Derso Takele Teff Land ...... I...... R...... 6 d .1111-111

9! Lan 19 , i GO N DAR - DEBARK KOCKS 4

__ ROAD PROJECT I N G E N I E U R E

APPENDIX 7

References

- FDRE, Constitution of the FDRE, Proclamation No. 1/1995. - National and sectoral policies (Environment Policy) Proclamations and other related policy documents. - FDRE's Proclamation (No. 401/2004) on Appropriation of Land for Govt. Works. - FDRE's Proclamation (No. 455/2006) on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation. - Environmental Protection Authority,Environmental Policy of Ethiopia, 1997. - Environmental Protection Authority, Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline: Volume I-V, Secretarial for the Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, 1996, in collaboration with Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation. - Central Statistical Authority, The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia; Results for Amahara Region, Volume 1, Part I and VI. - ERA, Road Sector Development Programme 1997-2007, second draft final Report, 1996. - ERA, Road Sector Development Programme II (2002 - 2007). - ERA Standard Environmental Methodologies and Procedures Manual - 2002. - ERA Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework - 2002. - The World Bank, 1989: Roads and the Environment: A Handbook, World Bank Technical paper No. 376, Washington D.C. - The World Bank, 2002: Operational Policies: Involuntary Resettlement, The World Bank Operational Manual. - Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment of Eighteen Roads (Package B Road Project), Road No. 2 Gonder - Shire, Final Report, May 2003, Systra Sotecni in association with SPT and Panaf Consult. - Gondar - Mereb Road Upgrading Project, Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document Preparation: Bidding Documents, Volume D (Lot 1), December 1998 (including Plan/Longitudinal Profiles, Standard Drawings, Setting-out Data, etc. on A3 paper size), COWI-TCDE Joint Venture of Lyngby/Denmark in association with G. Teare + M. Tedros. - Review of ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, May 2006, Joint Venture 'Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany and Metaferia Consulting Engineers of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia'. - Review of FEASIBILITY STUDY, June 2006, Joint Venture 'Kocks Consult GmbH of Koblenz/Germany and Metaferia Consulting Engineers of Addis Ababa/Ethiopia'.