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The Hymns of Gregory of Nazianzus and Their Place in The

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The Hymns of Gregory of Nazianzus and Their Place in The The Hymns of Gregory of Nazianzus and their Place in the History of Greek and Early Christian Hymnography (Le. ~.1.1.29-t.1.38 and 2.1.38 in Migne, PG 37 cols 507-22 and 1325-29) by Vassiliki Frangeskou .,A.I Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Classics December, 1984 Abstract The present research concerns some hymns attributed to Gregory Nazianzen: ~.1.1.29-1.1.38 and 2.1.38 (M.37. cols 507-22 and 1325- 29). The primary aim in the examination of these poems is to see their position in the Greek and early Christian hymnographical tradi- tion. To fulfil this in the best possible way it seemed necessary to spend the first part of the InUbduction on surveying very briefly: a) the definition of the term u~vos as this is used in Greek literature and the various types of Greek pagan hymns, b) the extant examples of them in a chronological order with particular emphasis on the hexa- meter hymns"and c)the form and content of these hymns. To these I have added a very brief history of the extant early Christian hymns, placing particular emphasis on hymns written in quantitative metres. The second part of the Inttbduction is spent on general observations with regard to the language, style, content and metre of the hymns under discussion, in order to give the reader a general view of these hymns as a group and allow him to see the degree of the poet's conformity to traditional'Greek practice, particularly with_ regard to his usage of the hexameter. The text of the hymns in the form it appears in the Migne edition is unreliable in a number of cases, and so I decided to attempt to produce a critical edition based on the extant MSS. The main body of the research consists of a commentary on these hymns since I considered a commentary to be the best way to analyse these poems and show their place in the literary genre to which they belong. Since the authenticity of some of these hymns is disputed, I place particular emphasis in the commentary on parallel expressions and ideas from genuine Gregorian works in order to support their authenticity. Contents Acknowledgements Lists of Abbreviations 2- 9 I. Introduction 1. Brief Account on Gregorian Studies 10- 12 2.a) Definition of the Term vY~vos and,Types of it b) Brief History of Greek Pagan Hymnography c) The Form and Content of the Greek Pagan Hymn 13- 31 3.a) Brief History of Early Christian Hymnography b) The Meaning, Form and Content of Early Christian Hymns 32- 38 4. Language, Style and Content of the Uregorian' Hymns 39- 49 5. Metre 50- 62 6. Manuscripts 63- 83 7. Editions 84- 88 II. Text 89-104 III. Commentary 105-106 1. Carmina 1.1.33 - 1.1.35 106-161 2. Carmina 1.1.36 - 1.1.38 (and 2.1.22.1-12, 2.1.3) 162-201 3. Carmina 2.1.38, 1.1.31 202-255 4. Carmina 1.1.30, 1.1.32 256-303 5. Carmen 1.1.29 304-343 IV. Appendices: I. ' Metre: Tables 1-7 344-347 II. Table of Editions 348 III.Gregory's Techniques in Verse- Composition 349-351 IV. Table of Main Features of the 'Gregorian' Hymns 352-354 V. Select .Bibliography 355-363 1 Acknowledgements The present research was undertaken in the School of Classics thanks to the generous research sholarship from the University of Leeds. Further financial assistance during my first year of studies came from Alexander Onassis Foundation. To both contributors to my financial status I must here record a great debt. To my supervisor, Dr H. B. Gottschalk lowe an unceasing and stimulating guidance and supervision throughout the course of the present research which enabled me to overcome the various difficult- ies arising from it and at the same time helped me to avoid mistakes and inconsistencies due to my insufficient knowledge of this research area and of the ways of conducting research during the early stages of my studies. I am, therefore, particularly grateful to him. My warmest thanks are also due to all the members of staff of the School of Classics for creating the atm~here needed for the fulfilment of this study under favourable circumstances. The prompt completion of my thesis would not have been possible if the assistants of the Brotherton Library had not been so co-operative and helpful, particularly those at the Interlibrary Loans Desk who showed great eagerness, despite the frequency of demand, in ordering the majority of the bibliography needed for my research from other Universities in England and abroad. 2 List of Abbreviations a) Collections of Pagan Works CAF = Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta, 3 vols, edited by T.Kock (Leipzig, 1880-88) Coll.Alex. = Collectanea Alexandrina, edited by J.U.Powell (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925) FGH = Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, edited by F.Jacoby (Berlin, 1923-) Heitsch = Die griechischen Dichterfragmente der RBmischen Kaiserzei t, edited by E. Heitsch, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissen- schaften in GBttingen, philologisch-historische Klasse, series 3, 49, vol.1 (GBttingen: Vandenhoeck-Ruprecht, 1961) IG = Inscriptiones Graecae (further details in LSJ p.xxxix) PLF = Poetarum Lesbiorum Fragmenta, edited by E.Lobel - D.Page (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955) PLG = Poetae Lyrici Graeci, edited by T.Bergk, fourth reprint ed., 3vols,3:Poetae Melici (Leipzig: T,1914-15) PPF = Poetarum Philosophorum Fragmenta, edited by H. Diels (Berlin, 1901)· SVF = Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta, edited by H. von Arnim (Leipzig, 1903) TGF = Tragtcorum Graecorum Fragmenta, edited by A. Nauck, second edition (Leipzig, 1889) Vorsokr.= Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, edited by H. Diels, fourth edition (Berlin,1922) West = Iambi et ElegiGraeci ante Alexandrum Cantati, edited by M.L.West, 2vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971-72) 3 b) Pagan Authors and Works AP = Anthologia Graeca, books .1-9 edited by P.Waltz (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1928-74), book 10 by W.R.Paton, in The Greek Anthology, vol.5 (London: Heinemann,1956),book 11 by R.Aubreton (Paris,1972), books 13-15byF.Btiffiere (P.,1970) API. = Anthologia Planudea, edited by R.Aubreton (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1980) Aesch. = Aeschyli, Septem quae supersunt Tragoedias, edited by D. Page (Oxford: Clarendon Press,1972)1 Apoll. Rhod. Argon. = Apollonii Rhodii, Argonavtica, edited by H. FrMnkel (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961) Arat. Phaen. = The Phaenomena of Aratus with an English Translation, edited by G.R.Mair (London: Heinemann, 1921) Archiloch. = Archilochus (PLG ii Bergk: see Abbreviations (a)) Aristides orat. = Aelii Aristidis Smyrnaei, quae supersuntomnia, edited py B. Keil, 2vols (Berlin: Weidmann, 1958) Aristoph. = Aristophanes Comicus, edited by V. Couton (Paris: Les Belles Lettres,1924-34) Aristot. hymn.Arete = Aristoteles Philosophus (PLG ii Bergk: see Abbr. (al) Bacchyl.= Bacchylides, The Poems and Fragments, edited with Intodu~io~ Notes and Prose Translation by Sir R.C.Jebb (Cambridge:Univ. Press, 1905) Callim = Callimachus, edited by R.Pfeiffer, 2vols (Oxford: Clarend. Press, 1949-53) and for Hymns the edition by E.Cahen (Paris: Les Belles Lettres,1948) Carm.Pop. = Carmina Popularia (PLG iii Bergk: see Abbr. (a)) Chrysip.= Chrysippus Stoicus (SVF ii, iii Arnim: see Abbr. (a)) -------------------- 1. For titles of individual works of this and other common authors see the list of authors and works in LSJ pp.xviff. 4 Cleanth.~. = Cleanthes Stoicus, Hymnus in Jovem, edited by G. Zuntz, in 'Zum Kleanthes-Hymnus', Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 63 (1958), 289-308 (pp.301-303) Corp.Herm.= Corpus Hermeticum, 2 vols, edited by A.D.Nock - A.-J. Festugiere (Paris:BL, 1945) Democr. = Democritus Philosophus (H.Diels, Vorsokr., ii: see Abbr.(a)) Empedocl. = Empedocles Poeta Philosophus (PPF H.Diels: see Abbr.(a)) ~. = Epigrammata Graeca ex Lapidibus conlecta, edited by G. Kaibel (Berlin: G.Reimer,1878) Eur. = Euripidis Fabulae, 3 vols, edited by G.Murray (Oxford: Clarendon Press} Heraclit. = Heraclitus Philosophus (H.Diels Vorsokr.i : see Abbr.(a)) Hesiod. fr.= Hesiodus Epicus, Fragment~, edited by Merkelbach -M.L. West ______ IDper.= Hesiod, Works and Days. edited with Prolegomena and Commentary by M.L.West (Oxford: Clarendon Press,1978) ______ Theog.= Hesiod, Theogony, edited with Prolegomena and Commentary by M.L.West (Oxford: Clarendon Press,1966) Hom.~.= The Homeric Hymns, edited by T.W.Allen - W.R.Halliday and E.E.Sikes, second edition (Oxford: Clarendon Press,1936) II. = Ilias. Homeri Opera, edited by D.B.Monro - T.W.Allen, second edition, vols 1-2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-) Julian.orat.8 and 11 = The Works of the Emperor Julian with English Translation, by W.C.Wright, vol.1 (London: Heinemann, 191~ Liban. ~.5 = Libanii Opera recensuit R.Foerster, vol.1.1 (Leipzi~ Teubner, 1903) Mag.hymn.---- = Magic Hymns,edited in Abel (see below Orph.Arg.),--- Heitsch (see Abbr.(a)), and Preisendanz, Pap.Mag.Gr.,vol.3 (see below Pap.Mag.Gr.) Marc.Aurel.= Marcus 'Aurelius Imperator, edited by J.H.Leopold (Oxf.) ~ 5 Men.Rhet. = Menander Rhetor, edited with Translation and Commentary by D.A.Russell - N.G.Wilson (Oxf.:Clarendon Press,1981) Mesom. = Mesomedes Lyricus edited by Heitsch: see Abbr. (a) Nonn. = Nonnos, Dionysiaca, edited with English Translation byW.H. D.Rouse ,3JvoJs'o:.ondon:Heinemann, 1940) Od. = Odyssea. Homeri Opera, edited by D.B.Monro - T.W.Allen, second edition, vols 3-4 (Oxf.:Clarend. Press) Olymp. = Olympiodorus, In Platonis Gorgiam Commentaria, edited by L. G.Westerink (Leipzig: Teubner, 1970) Oppian. ~ Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus, edited with English Trans- lation by A.W.Mair (London: Heinemann, 1928) Orac.Chald. = Oracula Chaldaica, edited by E. des Places (Paris: se 11971) Orph.Arg.
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