Abundance and spatio-temporal overlap

of species (Family ) in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES STUDY SITE

MATERIALS AND MEDTHODS EXPECTED RESULT INTRODUCTION Phasianidae INTRODUCTION Europe Asia North America Africa INTRODUCTION 26 species INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION hume's pheasant

crested fireback pheasant INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

Kalij Pheasant

OBJECTIVES 1. To study the abundance of pheasant species in the area. 2. To study spatio-temporal overlap and habitat use of the species. STUDY SITE

Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary CAMERA TRAP TECHNIQUE • less labor intensive than traditional methods and often minimize the number of human errors. • measure fertility and population composition from a distance. Far and potential To measure certain phenotypic characteristics, such as body size Materials and medthods COLLECT DATA

Set grid grits in Choosing a camera topographic trap location

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 The images have Install a camera been taken from trap to take the memory card pictures to the computer 01 DATA ANALYSIS

Identify the species of Camera trap

transfer data to

File manager program Microsoft Excel program

Count the number of species and independent photographs and activity duration by 24 hours. 02 Calculate the diversity Using Shannon-Wiener index

H’ is Diversity index . (Shannon & Weaver, 1949) pi is the number of portraits of type i wild per total number of images. 03 ���� ������� ���� Relative abundance (RAI) (%) = ���� �����

Calculate the relative abundance index

Trap success = Number of image that can capture Trap night = Number of camera trap setting x Number of date 04 OCCUPANCY MODEL Ecological and anthropological factors underlying pheasants distributions: Based on single-season, single-species occupancy models occupancy as a function of five variables that could plausibly influence pheasants distribution : (1) distance to nearest permanent stream (2) distance to nearest natural saltlick (3) distance to nearest village (4) distance to elevation (5) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Unmarked package (Fiske and Chandlerin, 2020) in R program will be used. 04 OCCUPANCY MODEL MacKenzie (2002) Standard-occupancy • Randomly placed temporal or spatial replicates • Time consuming 1 0 0 0 1/1 0/0 0/0 0/1 0 0 1 1 0/0 0/0 1/1 1/1 0 0 0 1 0/1 0/0 0/1 1/0 1 1 0 0 1/1 1/0 0/0 0/0 1 = animal detected 0 = animal not detected Survey #1 Survey #2 Field Observations • Temporal replicates OCCUPANCY MODEL 011 001 010

• Spatial replicates 001 010 100 110

000 000 000 =presence 101 111

Biological Reality

�i - probability site i is occupied Four potential “capture histories”: pijt - probability of detecting the species in • 11, 10, 01, and 00 site i at t (time) j, given species is present 05 HABITAT SUITABILITY GPS location Environmental Factor from Camera trap 1) Elevation 2) distance to forest edge 75% Presence data 3) distance to roads 25% Absence data 4) distance to main stream 5) distance to human activity sites MaxEnt 6) land use types 7) distance to saltlick sites and Program 8) grassland habitat.

Map of habitat suitability and pheasants distribution 06 TEMPORAL OVERLAP

overlap package

(Meredith and Ridout, 2020) TIME TABLE

December, 2020 Prepare data to fit the model March, 2021 Data Analysis (Modelling) September, 2021 Paper writing November, 2021 Publication December, 2021 Thesis defense EXPECTED RESULT 1. Population level of the pheasant species in the dry evergreen forest, eastern part of Thailand. 2. Factors affecting the pheasant species for more understanding of the species distribution and interaction. 3. More ecological knowledge of the pheasant species in Thailand for more effective conservation practices. 4. Ecological niche the species in the same area. 5. Management approaches for the species conservation. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION