IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2019 1 Table of Contents

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IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2019 1 Table of Contents IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS 2019 CENTER IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS CENTER IMD is an independent business school, with Swiss roots and global reach, expert in developing leaders and transforming IMD WORLD organizations to create ongoing impact. DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS For the last 8 consecutive years, IMD RANKING 2019 has been ranked TOP 3 in executive education worldwide – FIRST in open programs (Financial Times 2012-2019). www.imd.org IMD, IMD INTERNATIONAL, REAL LEARNING. REAL IMPACT, IMD BUSINESS SCHOOL and IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK are trademarks of IMD- International Institute for Management Development RANKING COMPETITIVENESS DIGITAL IMD WORLD Preface How prepared are economies to productively use the transformative technologies of our time? Do countries have a feasible framework to facilitate the adoption and use of digitalization? And how ready are they to embrace the implications of digital disruption? Questions like the above were the trigger to construct the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (WDCR) in 2017. We are excited to present its 3rd edition! Technology and its rapid changing nature not only affect how businesses perform, but also how countries function and prepare for the future. Governments around the world are investing heavily in their digital economy to enhance value creation and prosperity. The WDRC assesses the capacity of 63 economies to adopt and explore digital technologies leading to transformation in government practices, business models and society in general. To evaluate an economy, WDCR examines three factors: knowledge, which measures the know-how necessary to discover, understand and build new technologies; technology, which evaluates the overall context that enables the development of digital technologies; and future readiness, which assesses the level of preparedness to exploit digital transformations. The latest ranking corroborates a trend that we have acknowledged before: economies based on individuals who adapt new technologies and industries, and show flexibility to innovations, are the ones that perform well in the digital ranking. An additional observation is that there is a correlation between those economies which advance the frontiers of knowledge and those that exhibit high digital competitiveness. An important driver for digital competitiveness is related to the strength of the institutional environment. The aspect of political stability is explored further in the accompanying essay. Like our other publications, the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking is the beneficiary of the support of many stakeholders. Our Partner Institutes, the IMD Alumni community and our Panel of Experts all generously offer data, insights and time to help materialize such a report. eW are indebted and grateful for their support. Professor Arturo Bris Dr Christos Cabolis Director Chief Economist & Head of Operations IMD World Competitiveness Center IMD World Competitiveness Center IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2019 1 Table of Contents The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2019 Preface ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 User’s Guide to the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking �����������������������������������������������������������������������12 Overall and Breakdown Digital Rankings ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Digital Competitiveness, political stability and investments in technology�����������������������������������������������������������16 IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2019 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 Methodology in a Nutshell �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������28 What is the IMD World Digital Competitiveness ranking? �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������29 The 2019 IMD World Competitiveness Rankings: Selected Breakdowns ����������������������������������������������������������30 Populations greater than 20 million �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30 Populations less than 20 million ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������31 GDP per capita greater than $20,000 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 GDP per capita less than $20,000 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������33 Europe- Middle East - Africa ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 Asia - Pacific ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������35 The Americas ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������35 Knowledge ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 Technology ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 Future Readiness ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������38 Factor Rankings - 5 years overview ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������40 Sub-factor Rankings ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������43 Appendices and Sources�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������170 Notes and Sources by Criteria���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������172 Factor I: Knowledge ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������172 Factor II: Technology ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������174 Factor III: Future Readiness ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������176 Index to Criteria �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������178 2 IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2019 World Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles Argentina ��������������������������������������������������������� 44 Lithuania �������������������������������������������������������� 108 Australia����������������������������������������������������������� 46 Luxembourg��������������������������������������������������� 110 Austria ������������������������������������������������������������� 48 Malaysia �������������������������������������������������������� 112 Belgium������������������������������������������������������������ 50 Mexico ����������������������������������������������������������� 114 Brazil���������������������������������������������������������������� 52 Mongolia �������������������������������������������������������� 116 Bulgaria ����������������������������������������������������������� 54 Netherlands ��������������������������������������������������� 118 Canada ������������������������������������������������������������ 56 New Zealand ������������������������������������������������� 120 Chile ���������������������������������������������������������������� 58 Norway ���������������������������������������������������������� 122 China ��������������������������������������������������������������� 60 Peru ��������������������������������������������������������������� 124 Colombia ��������������������������������������������������������� 62 Philippines ����������������������������������������������������� 126 Croatia ������������������������������������������������������������� 64 Poland ����������������������������������������������������������� 128 Cyprus ������������������������������������������������������������� 66 Portugal ��������������������������������������������������������� 130 Czech Republic ����������������������������������������������� 68 Qatar�������������������������������������������������������������� 132 Denmark ���������������������������������������������������������� 70 Romania �������������������������������������������������������� 134 Estonia������������������������������������������������������������� 72 Russia������������������������������������������������������������ 136 Finland �������������������������������������������������������������
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