Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy: Political Culture and the Thirty Years’ War Toby Osborne Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-03791-4 - Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy: Political Culture and the Thirty Years’ War Toby Osborne Index More information

INDEX

Aerschot, Phillipe Charles d’Arenberg, duke friendship with Peter Paul Rubens, 124–6, of, 210, 219, 220 127, 129, 234 Aimone, count of Savoy, 29, 145 and the functions of exile, 196–202, 205, Albert, archduke of Austria, 35–6, 127, 196–8, 208, 235, 241, 245–6, 270–1 200 and the Huguenots, 95–7 Aldobrandini, Pietro, cardinal, 68 and Olivares, 189, 190, 204, 208–9, 241 Alessandria, siege of, 64 as a patron and collector of art, 78, 212–13 Alessandro Cesare Scaglia patronage of Van Dyck, 213–21, 227–32, abbeys, 66–7, 180, 189, 202, 211, 254 239 and Anglo-French relations, 95–7, 98–9, political patronage and brokering, 74–5, 102, 105–13, 115–22, 132–3, 135–40, 117 151, 152–4, 157–60, 182–3 and the Queen’s House, Greenwich, 234 and Anglo-Spanish relations, 106–7, 120–1, reputation, 64–6 122–33, 138–40, 151, 152–7, 159, 160–2, and Richelieu, 65, 69, 99, 103–7, 109–12, 164, 179–81, 191, 199, 205–6, 232–4 117–18, 119–21, 122–3, 135, 136–8, 140, aspirations for a cardinal’s hat, 67–9 151, 154, 178, 183–5, 186–90, 191, 195, and Buckingham’s death, 153–60 204, 205–6, 241, 244, 245, 247 and Cardinal Maurizio, 66, 79–80, 184–6, rivalry with Pietro Monod, 185 188, 191, 192, 242–4 service to Savoy, 70–1, 73, 175, 179–80, Catholic piety, 221–6 190, 191, 195 childhood and education, 69–70 and Tommaso Francesco, 239–42, 261–3, and the civil war in Savoy, 269 264, 266 cultural patronage and brokering for Savoy, Alfonso III, duke of Modena, 44, 60 76–82 Almerigi, Bernardino, 74 exile and his family, 246–57, 266–7, Altemps, villa, 79 270–1 Alva, Antonio Alvarez de Toledo, duke of, 190 family role and responsibility, 66–7 Amedeo VIII, duke of Savoy, 36–7 friendship with Alessandro Tassoni, 79–81, Angouleme,ˆ Charles de Valois, duke of, 82, 209 117 friendship with Balthasar Gerbier, 124–5, Anne of Austria, consort of Louis XIII of 127, 129, 154, 197, 210, 227, 232–4 France, 54, 118, 183 friendship with the duke of Buckingham, Anne of Denmark, consort of James I of 84–6, 97–100, 112–13, 132, 134, 153–4, England, 234 160 Annunziata, order of, 61 friendship with the earl of Carlisle, 92–3, exclusion of ducal bastards, 44–5 97–8, 100, 133, 134, 155, 157, 197, Anthony of Padua, St, 222 232 Antonio, illegitimate son of Carlo Emanuele I, friendship with the earl of Holland, 155–6, 46 232 Antwerp, 198, 221–2, 213–14 friendship with Endymion Porter, 154, 197, and Jacob Jordaens, 234 227, 232, 233 Scaglia’s retirement there, 210, 212, 262, 269

298

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-03791-4 - Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy: Political Culture and the Thirty Years’ War Toby Osborne Index More information

index 299

Arduino d’Ivrea, king of Italy, 61 patronage of Balthasar Gerbier, 72, 118, Arles, kingdom of, 245 123–4, 125, 129, 153–4, 232 Armand de Bourbon, prince of Conti, 54 patronage of Endymion Porter, 72, 118, Army of Flanders, 197 153–4 Maurizio Scaglia’s service, 254, 264 Tommaso Francesco’s command, 43, 230, Caluso, marquisate of, 63, 73 239–40, 265 Canapero, Juan Antonio, 208 Arundel, Aletheia, countess of, 229 Capriata, Pietro, 169, 265 Asti, town of, 58 Cardinal-Infante, Ferdinand, 212, 233, 242, Asti, treaties of, 21 263, 265 Augusto Manfredo Scaglia, count of Verrua Carlisle, James Hay, earl of, 65 (1587–1637), 50, 60, 63, 69–70, 80, 86, friendship with Scaglia, 92–3, 97–8, 100, 136, 258 133, 134, 155, 157, 197 232 cultural patronage and brokering for Savoy, Carlo I, duke of Savoy, 29 76 Carlo II, duke of Savoy, 35, 36 death and consequences, 250–1, 258, Carlo Emanuele I, duke of Savoy, 96, 110, 120, 260 123, 124, 168–9 family role and responsibilities, 63–4, 67, claim to Geneva, 26, 34, 35 72–3, 91–3, 202–3, 246–7, 252 claim to Monferrato, 21, 29, 35, 126, 143, and Giulio Mazzarini, 250, 258 145–6, 148–51, 166–7, 192 and Richelieu, 187–8, 247 claim to Zuccarello, 33–4, 35, 93–4, 103, rivalry with Pietro Monod, 247–9 108, 143, 162 and Scaglia’s exile, 246–51, 256–7 as a collector and patron, 75–9, 82, 128 Augusto Manfredo Scaglia, count of Verrua death, 25–6, 167, 187, 191 (1667–1704), 71 dynastic responsibilities, 26, 28–9, 38, 40–1, Aytona, Francisco de Moncada, marquis of, 43–7, 148 195, 208, 212, 232, 233 and France, 39–40, 47, 135, 138, 158, 160, 163, 167 Bacon, Francis, 83, 84, 229 historiography of, 20–9, 167 Baretti, Bernardino, 74 marriage to Catalina Michaela, 35, 37, 38, Barozzio, Michele, 75 47, 127, 196–7 Barozzio, Pietro, 80, 97, 157, 158, 159–60 and Scaglia, 66–7, 73, 75, 76–9, 82, 92, 97, as a client of the Scaglia di Verrua, 74, 75, 110–11, 112, 117, 119, 132, 186, 157 196 Bautru, Guillaume, 150 and the Scaglia di Verrua, 50, 59–64, 70–1, Benedict XIII Orsini, pope, 33 74–5, 86, 91 Biandra,` Pietro, 117 and Spain, 21–4, 35–6, 37–9, 126–7, 128–9, Biella, 55, 77, 212, 265 167 Borghese, family of, 68 and the Stuarts, 47–9, 122, 158, 238 Boswell, William, 232 Carlo Emanuele II, duke of Savoy, 40, 45, 258, Botero, Giovanni, 26, 38 269 as possible tutor to Alessandro Scaglia, 70, Carlo Umberto, illegitimate son of Carlo 226 Emanuele I, 44 Bourbon, House of, 40, 43, 47, 49, 135, Carlo Vittorio Scaglia, 73–4, 86, 188–9, 267, 182–3, 206 268–9 Bozzolo, principality of, 144 favour of Marie Christine, 264 Bragaccio, Gasparo, 70 and Scaglia’s exile, 252–3, 270 Breda, siege of, 107 Carlotta Lusignan, 36 Broglia, P. Giacinto, 259 Casale, fortress of, 146, 149, 150, 152, 162, Bruegel the Elder, Peter, 212 164, 167, 169, 174, 177, 192, 257, Buckingham, George Villiers, duke of, 93, 95, 265–6 105, 106–7, 123, 128, 135, 136, 139 Castellamonte, family of, 61 as a collector of art, 85–6 Catalina Michaela, consort of Duke Carlo friendship with Scaglia, 84–6, 97–100, Emanuele I, 35, 37, 38, 44, 47, 127 112–13, 116, 119, 132–4, 137, 151, 158, Cateau-Cambrˆ esis,´ treaty of, 19, 20, 45 180, 232 Chalais, conspiracy of, 105, 108, 109–11, 120, his murder and its political consequences, 121, 122, 184, 233, 240 153–5, 156, 159, 160, 179, 191, 196 Chambery,´ 55, 58

300 index

Charles I, king of England, 54, 72, 93, 118–19, de Necolalde, Juan, 190 120, 123, 151, 158, 159, 179, 192, 233, de Saavedra y Fajardo, Diego, 227 234 de Salazar, Hernando, 226 after Buckingham, 153, 154, 155 de Schomberg, Henri, count of Nanteuil, cosmopolitanism, 99–100, 124–5 113 and the House of Savoy, 47–9, 122 de Wicquefort, Abraham, 65 support for Huguenots, 135 deceit, 102 reluctance to recognise the trattamento reale, decline and Italian history, 24–6 238 del Carretto, Scipione, 33–4 and Scaglia, 97–100, 107, 132, 133–4, 137, Delescherene, Bal`ıo, 186 180, 218, 229 della Chiesa, Francesco Agostino, 76–7 and Van Dyck, 218, 229 della Grammatica, Antiveduto, 78 Charles IV, duke of Lorraine, 134, 138, 161, devots´ , 101, 130 182, 213 di Bagno, Giovanni Francesco Guido, cardinal, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 145, 167 165 Cherasco, treaties of, 171, 174, 175, 176, 188, blames Savoy for war in north Italy, 150 226 diplomatic ceremony, 60, 97–9, 133–4, 158–9, Chevreuse, Claude, duke of, 82 237–8 Chevreuse, Marie de Rohan, duchess of, 121, diplomatic gifts, 85, 98, 114, 229–30 233 Discalced Carmelites, 222 Christian IV, king of Denmark, 107 dissimulation, 102, 114, 139 ciphers, 209 Dorchester, Dudley Carleton, viscount of, 131, Clement VIII Aldobrandini, pope, 68 159–60 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 53 and Scaglia, 153 Collalto, Rombaldo, count of, 163, 164, 165, Dorkius, Paul, 219 169 Dutch Republic (United Provinces), 109, 128, College of Cardinals, 67, 68 129, 132, 196, 198, 256 Compiegne,` treaty of, 130 Conde,´ Louis II, prince of, 201 Egmont, Louis, count of, 210 Contarini, Alvise, 133, 137, 152, 158 Eleonora Gonzaga, consort of Emperor Cordoba,´ Gonzalo de, 149, 151–2, 162, Ferdinand II, 146, 149 164 Elisabeth de Bourbon, consort of Philip IV of corruption, 52–3 Spain, 183 Corsica, kingdom of, 237 Elizabeth I, queen of England, 199 Costa, Antonio, 239, 266 Elizabeth Stuart, consort of Elector Frederick Cottington, Francis, 71–2, 154, 155, 156, 164, of the Palatinate, 47 179 Elle, Fernand, 76, 82 Crequy,´ Charles de Blanchefort, marechal,´ 245, Emanuele, illegitimate son of Carlo 258 Emanuele I, 45 Cyprus, kingdom of, 36, 42, 236–7, 262 Emanuele Filiberto, duke of Savoy, 25, 34, 37, 58, 60, 75 d’Effiat, Antoine, 113 marriage, 37 d’Este, cardinal, 77 and the restoration of 1559, 20, 33, 45, 51, d’Hemery,´ Michel Particelli, 257 269 d’Hermance, Francesca, consort of Carlo England, and significance to Savoy, 47, 100, Vittorio Scaglia, 52 122, 123, 131, 139, 151, 152, 160, 161, d’Ornano, Jean-Baptiste, 104 178–9 da Caravaggio, Michaelangelo Merisi, 81 Epinoy, Guillaume de Melun, prince of, 210 dal Pozzo, Cassiano, 77, 81 Day of Dupes, 109, 182, 200 Federico II Gonzaga, duke of Mantua, 29, 144, de Bassompierre, François, 111–12 145 de Berulle,´ Pierre, 130 Felice, illegitimate son of Carlo Emanuele I, 46 de Blainville, Jean de Varignies, 98, 99 Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, 70, 107, de Fargis, Antoine de Silly, count of Rochepot, 149, 163, 170 101 Ferdinando Gonzaga, duke of Mantua and de la Cueva, Alonso, cardinal, 153 Monferrato, 62, 147 de Marillac, Michel, 105 Feria, Gomez´ Suarez´ de Figueroa, duke of, de Montpensier, madame, 105, 109 176–7, 181

index 301

Filiberto Emanuele, prince of Oneglia, 38, 70 Guastalla, duchy of, 144 links with Spain, 39, 240 Guastalla, Ferrante II, duke of, 145, 149, 150 Van Dyck portrait, 39, 229 Habsburg sympathies, 148, 163 Filiberto Gherardo Scaglia, count of Verrua, and settlement of Mantua and Monferrato, 73, 75, 83–4, 186 170 as a cultural broker, 76 Guglielmo VI Paleologo, marquis of as head of Scaglia di Verrua, 60, 62–71 Monferrato, 29, 146 promotion to the Annunziata, 60–1 Guglielmo IX Paleologo, marquis of and service to Savoy, 38, 50, 61, 62–3, 66–7 Monferrato, 29 Filippo d’Aglie,` 249, 250 Guicciardini, Francesco, 226 Filippo Emanuele, son of Duke Carlo Guichenon, Samuel, 27, 61 Emanuele I, 38–9, 70 supports Marie Christine’s regency, 259 Finet, John, 133, 191, 237 Guise, Charles, duke of, 94 Fouquet, Nicolas, 53 Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, 170, 182 France, and the strategic signiﬁcance of Savoy, 25, 28, 40, 120, 167, 171, 187, 192, 263 Harcourt, Henri de Lorraine-Elbeuf, count of, Francesca Caterina, daughter of Carlo 266 Emanuele I, 44 Hendricx, Gilles, 223 Francesco I, duke of Modena, 81 Henrietta Maria, consort of King Charles I, Francesco IV, duke of Mantua and Monferrato, 48–9, 92, 95, 105, 118, 156 21, 29, 41, 44, 62, 146, 242 and the Queen’s House, 234 Francesco Giacinto, duke of Savoy, 42–3, 205 and Van Dyck, 218–19, 229–30 birth strengthens French power, 238 Henry IV, king of France, 34–5, 36, 94, 117 death, 263 Henry Stuart, prince of Wales, 47 as a model for Van Dyck’s Christ, 220 Holland, Henry Rich, earl of and regency, 258–9, 261, 265 after Buckingham’s death, 155–6 and the trattamento reale, 236–7, 261–2 as friend of Scaglia, 155–6, 232 Francis I, king of France, 36, 40, 167 Holy Roman Emperor, and feudal power, Franciscans, and convent in Antwerp, 212, 214, 33–4, 36–7, 145, 149, 162–3 219, 221–2, 225, 269 Hopton, Arthur, 180, 203–4 Frederick Henry, prince of Orange, 199, 209 Huguenots, 95–6, 122 friendship, 83–4, 86, 227–9 Huygens, Constantijn, 199

Gabor, Bethlen, 107 Isabella Clara Eugenia, 109, 120, 124, 125, Garter, order of, 44 128, 191, 200, 212, 233 Gelves, Diego Pimentel y Portugal, marquis of, and dynastic afﬁnity with Savoy, 35, 38, 190 126–7, 196–7 Geneva, 34, 35, 40, 96 and the sovereignty of the Spanish and the Escalade,26 Netherlands, 35–6, 196–9 Genoa, republic of, 20, 39, 125, 227, 266, 267 Isabella of Novellara-Bozzolo, consort of and tensions with Savoy, 19, 21, 33–4, 35, Vincenzo II, 147 74, 94, 100, 101, 103, 105, 108, 128, Isabella, daughter of Carlo Emanuele I, 44, 60 237 Gentileschi, Orazio, 72 James I, king of England, 93, 234 Gerbier, Balthasar, 72, 118, 120, 121, 123, 128, and dynastic afﬁnity with Carlo Emanuele I, 130, 131, 207, 241 47 and the commision for the Queen’s House, Jesuits, 222 234 Jones, Inigo, 234 effect of Buckingham’s murder, 154 Jordaens, Jacob, 234 as a friend of Scaglia, 124–5, 127, 129, 154, 197, 210, 227, 232–4 La Roca, Juan de Vera y Figueroa, count of, and the Spanish Netherlands’ plot, 210 173 Giovanna, daughter of Carlo Emanuele I, 44 La Rochelle, siege of, 95, 104, 105, 109, 116, Giovanni Giorgio Paleologo, 29 132, 135, 151, 154, 161, 162 Gobelins, workshop of, 82 La Valette, Bernard, duke of, 201 Gregory XIII Boncompagni, pope, 45 Lagonissa, Fabio, 205, 208 Gregory XV Ludovisi, pope, 69, 81 Leganes,´ Diego Mexia, marquis of, 94, Grisons, 107 129–30, 131, 260, 265

302 index

liberty, and Italian history, 20–4, 27–8 and the Scaglia di Verrua, 64, 67, 252, 264, Lombardy, 35, 238 267–9 Loreto, the shrine of, 81, 222–3 and Van Dyck, 220, 229–30 Lorraine Marie de Bourbon-Soissons, consort of duchy of, 137–8, 164, 213 Tommaso Francesco Carignano, 43, 82, House of, 121, 182 238, 240 Louis XIII, king of France, 93, 99, 101, 105, Marie de’ Medici, 92, 112, 114, 124, 138, 145, 109, 113, 145, 160, 163, 167, 175, 183, 208 265 and exile, 182, 200, 205–7, 241, 265 and the House of Savoy, 39–40, 48, 187, 238 and Richlelieu, 170, 182–3, 189, 205–7 Ludovica Cristina, daughter of Vittorio Marini, ambassador, 111, 112, 117, 118, 120 Amedeo I, 41, 236, 258 Masserati, count of, 186, 188, 266 Ludovico d’Aglie,` 249 Maurizio, cardinal, 24, 80, 135, 178, 205, Ludovico Gonzaga, 145 242–3, 260, 261, 263 Ludovisi, Ludovico, cardinal, 81, 242 family role, 41–3, 67, 238, 259 Luigi of Savoy, 36 and marital status, 41, 126, 149 Lusignan, House of, 36 as a patron and collector, 79 Lutter, battle of, 107 and the Savoyard civil war, 265–6, 268, Luynes, duke of, 71 269 Lyons, city of, 80 and Scaglia, 66, 68, 79, 80, 184, 185–6, 188, Lyons, treaty of, 34, 117 189, 192, 195, 202, 242, 270 Maurizio, martyr and saint, 45 Malvezzi, Virgilio, 227, 255 Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, 37 Manfredi, Bartolomeo, 85 Mazzarini, Guilio, 166, 257 Mansfeld, Peter Ernst, count of, 93, 94, 107 as Cardinal Mazarin, 53, 54, 201 Mantua, duchy of, 125, 149 friendship with the Scaglia di Verrua, 250 and Imperial invasions, 163, 170 and Scaglia, 65, 184–5, 239 as a separable duchy, 29, 126, 143–5 views of Savoy, 54, 184, 248–9, 250, 258 Mantua, fortress of, 146, 163 Metsijs, Quintin, 212 Margherita, consort of Augusto Manfredo Milan, duchy of, 20, 24, 35, 93, 177, 178, 238, Scaglia, 63–4 244, 263 Margherita, daughter of Duke Carlo Mirabel, Antonio Davila´ y Zuniga,˜ marquis of, Emanuele I, 41, 62, 78 108–9, 128, 130 and Monferrato, 29, 44, 145–6 Modena, duchy of, 54, 81 and Portugal, 44, 242 Monferrato, duchy of, as a feudo feminino, 29, Margherita, illegitimate daughter of Duke 145 Carlo Emanuele I, 46 Monod, Pietro, 184, 187, 250, 260 Margherita Gonzaga, consort of Charles IV of rivalry with Scaglia di Verrua, 185, 186, 187, Lorraine, 146, 170 191, 192, 247–8, 249 Marguerite´ de Lorraine, consort of Gaston and the trattamento reale, 33, 185, 236 d’Orleans,` 182, 213 Montagu, Walter, 118–22, 123, 133, 151, 157, Marguerite´ de Valois, consort of Duke 158 Emanuele Filiberto, 37 arrest by French, 137–8 Maria Apollonia, daughter of Carlo contact with Scaglia, 118, 119, 121 Emanuele I, 44 Montmorency, revolt of, 206 Maria Cristina (Bianca Scaglia), daughter of Monzon,´ treaty of, 101, 103, 107, 115, 128, Filiberto Gherardo Scaglia, 86 133, 137, 139, 143, 147, 152, 177 Maria Gonzaga, daughter of Francesco IV of Moretta, count of, 111 Mantua and Monferrato, 41, 149, 150 Mytens, Daniel I, 72 Marie Christine, consort of Vittorio Amedeo I of Savoy, 39–40, 41, 42, 47–9, 67, 76, 92, Nef, Guglielmo, 79 112, 118, 135, 236, 238, 239, 243, 244, Nemours, House of, 40 248 Nevers, Carlo Gonzaga, duke of, 144–5, 149, and the civil war, 41, 265–6 150, 152, 162–3, 166, 170 and Monod, 184, 185, 187, 247 and Savoy, 148, 162, 168, 170, 171, 192 and the regency, 258–65 Nice, and Villafranca, 133 and the S. Martino d’Aglie,` 249 Nice, county of, 46, 265 and Scaglia, 220, 261–2, 263–4, 270 Norgate, Edward, 234

index 303

Odoardo Farnese, duke of Parma, 255 Richelieu, Jean Armand du Plessis, cardinal, Olivares, Gaspar de Guzman,´ count-duke of, 53–4, 65, 95, 101, 103–6, 107, 145, 157, 101, 123, 129, 130, 149–50, 155, 161–2, 171, 182–3, 205–7, 240 164, 168, 169, 173, 177–8, 187, 189, and Carlo Emanuele I, 120, 138, 160 226 and Marie Christine, 238, 260–1, 265 and Scaglia, 156, 181, 190, 195, 203, 207–9, and Vittorio Amedeo I, 187, 257 220, 241 and Scaglia, 65, 69, 99, 103–7, 109–12, Oneglia, principality of, 39 117–18, 119–21, 122–3, 135, 136–8, 140, Orleans,´ Gaston, duke of, 11, 213, 221 151, 154, 178, 183–5, 186–90, 191, 195, marital status, 104–5, 182 204, 205–6, 241, 244, 245, 247 opposition to Richelieu, 104, 109, 170, 181, Rivoli, treaty of, 244, 255, 265 182–3, 184, 189, 205–7, 265 Rockox, Nicolaas, 212, 225 Roe, Thomas, 72 Palatinate, electorate of, 94, 128, 129, 159, Rohan, Henri, duke of, 110, 122, 135, 138, 233 161, 178 Palazzo Verrua, 59, 119, 246 Rome, and Savoy, 24, 41–3, 58, 67, 68, 71 Palladio, Andrea, 75 Roose, Pierre, 263 Panciroli, Giacomo, 166 Rudolf, Holy Roman Emperor, 145, 196 Paris, treaty of, 93 Rubens, Peter Paul, 120, 128, 131, 132, 134, Parma, duchy of, 255 135, 169, 212, 213 partible inheritance, 29, 40, 144–5 contact with Savoy, 125 Paul IV Carafa, pope, 37 friendship with Scaglia, 124–6, 127, 129, Paul V Borghese, pope, 41, 68 227, 234 Pergamo, Fulvio, 259, 262 Pesieu, baron, 260–1, 264 S. Germano, Marquis of, 237 Phalsbourg, Henriette de Vaudement, S. Martino d’Aglie,` family of, 61 princess of rivalry with Scaglia di Verrua, 67, 249, 264, friendship with Scaglia, 213, 220–1, 233–4 268 Van Dyck portrait, 220 S. Stefano, order of, 45 Philip II, king of Spain, 35, 38, 39, 196–7 SS. Maurizio e Lazzaro, order of, 45–6, 67 Philip III, king of Spain, 38, 39, 196, 198 Sabbionetta, principality of, 144 Philip IV, king of Spain, 38, 44, 125, 126, 128, Salmatoris, and Scaglia, 117–18 130, 150, 173, 177, 183, 227 Salviano, Ippolito, 78 and Scaglia, 129, 179, 184, 190, 220, 241 Sardinia, kingdom of, 36 Piemonte, principality of, 43, 45, 55, 58, 59, Savoie, duchy of, 46, 55, 61, 117, 169, 263 61, 67, 169, 248, 263, 265 rivalry with Piemonte, 248 Pikanotti, Andreas, 213 Scaglia di Verrua, 157, 188, 212, 225–6 Pinerolo, fortress of, 163, 167, 171, 174–5, as cultural patrons and brokers, 75–83, 221 176, 177, 184, 187, 192, 195, 203, 238, and French afﬁnities, 71, 91–2, 113, 269 245, 257 rivalry with Monod, 185 Piochet, Girolamo, 247, 255, 259, 263 rivalry with S. Martino-d’Aglie,` 249, 264 Poliagus, Alexander, 219 and Scaglia’s exile, 246–57, 258, 270, 271 Pontius, Paul, 223, 225 and service to Savoy, 50–1, 59–64, 66–71, Porter, Endymion, 72, 118, 233 72–5, 86–7, 91, 93, 168, 175, 188, 195, and Scaglia, 154, 197, 227, 232, 233 261, 268–9 Portugal, 44, 242 and presence in Turin, 55–60 Savoy’s claim, 35 Scamozzi, Vincenzo, 75 Purbeck, Frances Coke, Lady, 85 Seghers, Daniel, and Scaglia commissions, 213, 220 Queen’s House, Greenwich, 125, 234 Seghers, Gerard, 225 Silvio, illegitimate son of Carlo Emanuele I, reason of state, 26 45 recusants in the Spanish Netherlands, 199–200 Snyders, Frans, 213, 234 Regensburg, treaty of, 170–1, 174, 175, Soissons, Louis, count of, 43, 108, 122 176–7, 188, 245, 251 and Richelieu, 104–5, 109, 138, 240 Reichsitalien,33 Soubise, Benjamin de Rohan, duke of, 157, Rethel, Charles, duke of, 149 178, 161 Ricaut, Peter, 211, 232 Spada, Bernardino, 106, 111

304 index

Spanish Habsburgs, 20–1, 24–5, 38, 47, 49, Val di Susa, 25, 58, 160, 163 127, 146, 196–9, 206, 240 Valperga di Rivara, family of, 33, 61 Spanish Netherlands, 24, 43, 72, 109, 196–200 Valteline, 19, 25, 94, 100–1, 103, 107, and aristocratic plot (1632), 209–10, 220 177 and Savoy’s claim, 35–6, 109, 127 van den Enden, Martin, 223 as a sovereign territory, 35, 127, 128, 196–8 van Dyck, Anthony, 72, 212, 233 Sp´ınola, Ambrogio, marquis of Los Balbases, and the House of Savoy, 39, 149, 220, 120, 164, 165, 168–9, 176, 197, 198 229–32 and Scaglia, 125, 153, 161–2, 169 Iconographia, 223–5 Stuart, House of Scaglia commissions, 65, 82, 213–21, and the House of Savoy, 47–9, 92, 122 227–32, 235, 239 and Van Dyck, 72, 229–30, 218–19 and the Stuarts, 218–19, 229–30, 234 Stunbergen, Peter, 212 van Eyck, Jan, 212 Susa, Anglo-French treaty of, 157–60 van Oudenhoven, A., 221 Susa, Franco-Savoyard treaty of, 160, 167, 168, Vendome,ˆ Cesar,´ duke of, 104 171 Venice, republic of, 23–4, 93–4, 100, 115, 125 Susio, Ludovico, 79 rivalry with Savoy, 36, 94–5, 237–8 Vercelli, siege of, 64 Tassoni, Alessandro, 77–8, 186, 242 Verrua, territory of, 59–60, 64 Filippiche, 21–4, 96 Villa d’Este, 77 friendship with Scaglia, 79–81, 185, 209 Vincenzo II, duke of Mantua and Monferrato, La sechia rapita,80 29, 140, 149 Manifesto, 80–1 problematic succession to duchies, 147–8 Taylor, John, 233 Vittorio Amedeo I, duke of Savoy, 26, 43, 74, Tempesta, Antonio, 78 185, 186–7, 243–4, 257 Teodoro Paleologo, marquis of Monferrato, 29, death, 250–1, 258–9 145 marriage to Marie Christine, 36, 41, 47, 64, Tesauro, Emanuele, 58, 259, 262, 263 76, 92, 187, 236, 248 and Scaglia, 226 as prince of Piemonte, 48, 101, 127 Testi, Fulvio, 77–8, 227, 239, 255 and Scaglia, 67–8, 175–6, 179–80, 183–4, Toison d’Or, order of, 44, 197 188–9, 190, 191, 195, 202–5, 220, 223, Tommaso Francesco, prince of Carignano, 109, 239, 245, 255, 260, 274 149, 253 and the Scaglia di Verrua, 64, 70, 73, 76, and the Army of Flanders, 43, 238, 254, 265 202–3, 246, 249, 252, 253 Bourbon connections, 43, 240 and the trattamento reale, 119, 236–8 and the civil war in Savoy, 265–6, 268 and the war for Mantua and Monferrato, and House of Savoy, 43, 178, 187, 230–2, 167–8, 169–70, 171, 172, 175–6, 177, 238–9, 243, 259–61, 269 178 181–2, 190, 192 and Scaglia, 73, 82, 212, 239–42, 261–3, Vittorio Amedeo II, duke of Savoy, 33, 264, 266, 270 58 Turin, city of, 45, 58–9, 61, 77, 135, 268 von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Cleopha, and archbishop, 58, 68 219, 220 and educational institutions, 70 Vulgate Bible, 223 sieges of, 265–6 and Turin Shroud, 58–9 Wake, Isaac, 135, 158, 164 Tuscany, grand-duchy of, 24 Wallenstein, Albrecht von, duke of Friedland, rivalry with Savoy, 37, 237 164, 170 Weston, Richard, 154, 155, 159, 179, 232 universal monarchy, threat of, 21, 102, 112 excuses the peace with France, 158 Urban VIII Barberini, pope, 42 White Mountain, battle of, 93 mediates in Mantua and Monferrato, 165–6 and Scaglia, 185–6 Zuccarello, 33–4, 35, 74, 93, 94, 101, 108, Utrecht, treaty of, 36 121, 128, 143, 203, 256