CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION 14.01 Education is not only one of the most female literacy has increased from 16.3% to important factors of economic growth through 50.5%. As per 2001 Census, while Khurda manpower development but also the means to district has the highest literacy of 79.6%, holistic development of societies. It helps to Malkangiri district being the lowest with improve skills and technology and thus has a 30.5%. Literacy rate among SCs and STs significant impact on production and stood at 55.53% and 37.37% respectively. productivity. The gender gap in Orissa was 24.8% as against 21.6% at all India. The State 14.02 Indian States are under Constitutional Government has intended to raise the literacy obligation to provide free and compulsory rate from 63.08% to 83.96% and to reduce the education to all children up to the age of 14. gender gap from 24.8% to 15.1% within the The Government of Orissa has formulated a 11th plan period. number of goals for the education sector like ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Universalisation of Elementary Education 14.04 “Universalisation of Elementary (UEE) in the State by 2010, universal literacy, Education (UEE)” has been adopted as one of development of secondary and higher the components of “Basic Minimum Services”. secondary education, skill development and also a national commitment. The strategy through vocational education in higher of Universalisation of Elementary Education secondary schools & modernisation of covers three aspects of elementary education, technical education. There has been a steady i.e., (I) Universal access and enrollment, (ii) improvement in the literacy rates of the State Universal retention of children up to 14 years over successive decades, which is a result of of age, (iii) Universal improvement in expansion of educational infrastructure, both achievement level/quality of education. The quantitative and qualitative. 86th Constitutional Amendment has made 14.03 During the period 1971-2001, the elementary education a Fundamental Right, literacy rate in the State has increased from which has given a new thrust to the national 30.5% to 63.1% as against the corresponding endeavour to achieve the goal of UEE. The increase in the country from 34.5% to 64.8%. State Government are also committed to the During 1971-2001 the male literacy in Orissa UEE in the State by 2010 with Central has increased from 44.5% to 75.3% while the Government assistance. CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION 14.05 Keeping in view the need for enrollment in the State which has been universalisation of elementary education there increased to 42,104 no. of Schools, 1,14,791 has been expansion at primary and upper Teachers and 47.10 lakh enrollment by the primary stages of education in Govt. sector end of 2000-01. At present 48,405 Primary especially in rural and backward areas of the Schools are functioning with 1.20 lakh State. The State aims at providing access to Teachers and 45.20 lakh enrollment. primary schools within one kilometer and to upper primary schools within three kilometers 14.07 At present there is one primary school from habitations having a population of 300 or for every 3.2 sq. kms. with teacher pupil ratio more and 500 or more respectively. 1:38. Table 14.1 reflects the number of primary schools, students enrolled and 14.06 At the time of independence i.e. 1947- teachers position there in from 1947-48 to 48 there were only 6,814 primary schools 2007-08. having 16,520 teachers and 2.55 lakh Table 14.1 Number of Primary Schools, Enrollment, Teachers and Gross / Net Enrollment Ratio in Orissa Number Primary Gross Net Student of Enrollment No. of school / Year Enrollment Enrollment Teacher primary ( in lakh) Teachers 100 Ratio (%) Ratio (%) Ratio schools sq.km. 1947-48 6814 2.55 16,520 NA NA 4.4 15.9 1950-51 9801 3.15 16,525 NA NA 6.3 19.7 2000-01 42104 47.1 114,791 - - 27 41.3 2001-02 42824 47.69 116,231 98.27 87.25 27.5 41.1 2002-03 42824 46.08 83,652 101.78 90.98 27.5 55.5 2003-04 44416 52.14 97,175 103.48 91.51 28.5 53.8 2004-05 45700 52.15 99,079 104.26 93.13 29.3 52.7 2005-06 45890 46.02 115,351 83.59 78.58 29.5 40.4 2006-07 46722 4485 114,105 93.49 92.02 30.01 39.3 2007-08 48405 45.20 120,482 N.A. N.A. 31.09 37.5 Source: Director, OPEPA. Director Elementary Education, Orissa. 14.08 In order to achieve the goal of as additional teachers. To bring up efficiency Universal Elementary Education and to among the para teachers, Government has improve the quality, State Government has formulated carrier advancement policy to avail engaged about 52,000 Para-teachers, called increased remuneration. Sikhya Sahayak (SS), against the vacant post of primary and upper primary school teachers ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/2 CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION 14.09 The overall dropout rate at primary The lowest dropout has been recorded in level during 2006-07 was 10.53%, with Bargarh district (2.38%). Though the dropout 10.34% for boys and 10.72% for girls which rate at primary schools showed a declining has declined to 7.79%, 7.76% and 7.83% trend, it is still higher among ST and respectively during 2007-08. The dropout rate particularly among ST girls. For among SC and ST stood at 12.54% and universalisation of primary education, new 16.89% while the overall dropout rate was primary schools are proposed to be opened in 7.79%. The dropout rate at primary level in needy areas. Table 14.2 represents the Mayurbhanj district is the highest (15.56%) dropout rates in primary schools since 2000- followed by Sundergarh district (14.01%). 01. Table 14.2 Dropout Rates in Primary Schools in Orissa. All Categories Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Year Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total 2000-01 42.30 41.40 41.80 50.50 54.30 52.40 61.70 66.50 64.10 2001-02 42.00 40.00 41.00 50.00 52.00 51.00 61.00 65.00 63.00 2002-03 32.30 36.50 34.40 35.80 38.70 37.20 49.30 57.40 53.30 2003-04 31.90 35.40 33.60 34.60 36.60 35.60 48.20 56.60 52.40 2004-05 31.40 32.70 32.00 34.00 35.60 34.80 48.00 56.00 52.00 2005-06 18.12 18.86 18.49 19.09 19.82 19.46 12.44 24.34 23.32 2006-07 10.34 10.72 10.53 15.91 18.02 16.97 18.70 27.05 22.88 2007-08 7.76 7.83 7.79 11.93 13.16 12.54 14.03 19.75 16.89 (* 2005-06 year based on Orissa Child Census,2005). 14.10 Mid Day Meal (MDM) programme was Similarly, 5,26,166 upper primary (EBB) introduced in the state since July 1995, to students in 8,410 upper primary (EBB) provide cooked noon meal to primary school schools were covered under the scheme. children of all Government and Government- Aided Primary Schools studying in class-I to V 14.11 The infrastructure facilities in the all over the state for 210 working days in a schools have a direct influence on enrollment year. The scheme aims at increasing the and drop out rates. A number of Primary enrollment and reducing the number of school Schools are functioning in the State without dropouts as well as to improve the nutritional proper buildings and other infrastructure. The status of children. During 2007-08, the total Government has taken steps for providing coverage was 42,30,818 in 65,528 primary basic infrastructure like construction of schools including 9,41,499 students studying primary school buildings, toilets, tube-wells in 17,862 primary schools in the KBK districts. etc under different programmes. ECONOMIC SURVEY 14/3 CHAPTER 14 EDUCATION DISTRICT PRIMARY EDUCATION primary school buildings, 383 school PROGRAMME (DPEP) toilets, 1,896 tube wells have been provided. 14.12 District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) is a Centrally Sponsored Programme SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SSA) with funding pattern 85:15 between centre 14.14 This is a Central Government scheme and state, was launched in the state in 1996- to universalize Education up to class VIII and 97 which aims at achieving the goal of to provide useful and quality education to all Universalisation of Primary Education in the children in the age group 6-14 by 2010. The state through district specific planning. DPEP funding pattern under SSA between centre Ph-I was a World Bank assisted project, and state is 65:35. The expenditure made operated in 8 districts viz. Baragarh, Bolangir, under this scheme is for infrastructure Dhenkanal, Gajapati, Kalahandi, Keonjhar, development viz. construction of new school Rayagada, and Sambalpur selected on the building, additional class rooms, engagement basis of low female literacy rate and of SSA teachers and to provide training to educational backwardness. The project cost them and supply of much needed teaching of the Phase – I scheme was Rs.229.75 crore materials. The scheme is under and the scheme has been closed since June, implementation in all the 30 districts of the 2003. Achievement under Ph-I scheme is state since 2003-04.