58 M. R. WA RBURG

Scaphiopus couchi, less than 10% of the ponds produced Shoop, C.R. (1974). Ye arly vanahon in larval survival of 55, metamorphs, largely because of early desiccation Ambystoma maculatum. Ecology 440-444. (Newman, 1987). It seems therefore that early breeding is Te vis, L. (1966). Unsuccessful breeding by desert toads (Bufo of sufficient selective advantage every third year on punctatus) at the limit of their ecological tolerance. Ecology 47, average, to maintain this trait in this fringe population 766-775. Travis, J. (1984). Anuran size at metamorphosis: Experimental of Salamandra population on Mt. Carmel. test of a model based on intraspecific competition. Ecology, 65, 1155-1160. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Wa rburg, M.R. (1986a). A relic population of Sa/amandra salamandra on Mt.Carmel: a ten-year study. Herpetologica The meteorological data were kindly supplied by the 42, 174-179. Israel Meteorological Service at Beit Dagan. This Wa rburg, M.R. (1986b). Observations on a relic population of research was partially supported during the past 2 years Sa/amandra salamandra on Mt.Carmel during eleven by a Fund for the Promotion of Research at the years. In Studies in Herpetology, 389-394. Z.Rocek (ed). Technion. The skillfull technical assistance of Mira Prague. Rosenberg in histology and photography is gratefully Warburg, M.R., Degani, G. and Wa rburg, I. (1978/79). Ovoviviparity in Sa/amandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, acknowledged. Urodela) from northern Israel. VieMilieu 28/29, 247-257. · Yorn - Tov, Y. and Tchernov, E. (1988). The Zoogeography of REFERENCES Is ra el 560 pp. Kluwer. Zakrzewski, M. (1970). Dates of appearance and development Anderson, J.D. (1967). A comparison of the life histories of of larvae of the spotted salamander (Sa/amandra coastal and montane populations of Ambystoma sa/amandra L.) in a natural habitat. Acta Bio. Cracov ser. 77, macrodactylum in California. Am. Midi. Nat. 323-355. Zoo/. 13, 161-173. Beneski, J.T., Zalisko, E.J. and Larsen, J.H. (1986). Demography and migratory patterns of the eastern long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum. SHORT NOTES Copeia 1986, 398-408. Degani, G., Goldenberg, S., and Wa rburg, M.R. (1980). Cannibalistic phenomena in Salamandra salamandra larvae in certain water bodies and under experimental HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol. 2, pp58-61 (1992) conditions. Hy drobiologia, 75, 123-128. Degani, G., and Mendelssohn, H. (1982). Seasonal activity of Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia: Urodela: NEW RECORDS OF MOROCCAN Salamandridae) in the headwaters ·of the Jordan river. HERPETOFAUNA IsraelJZ ool. 31, 77-85. Degani, G., and Warburg, M.R. (1978) . Population structure JESUS MELLADO* AND JOSE MATEO** and seasonal activity of the adult Sa/amandra sa/amandra A. J (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae) in Israel. • Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas, General Segura. 1 .. 04001 Almeria. Herp et. 12, 437-444. Spain. Joly, J. (1968). Donees ecologiques sur la salamandre tachetee •• Estacion Bio/Ogica de Doflana, Avda Maria Luisa sin .. 41013 Sevilla, Salamandra sa/amandra (L.). Ann. Sci. Nat. Zoo/. Biol. Anim. Spain. 10, 12 ser. 301-366. (Accepted 1.10.90) Klewen, R. (1985). Untersuchungen zur Okologie und Populationsbiologie des Feuersalamanders (Salamandra Information concerning the distribution of Moroccan salamandra te"estris Lacepede 1788) an einer isolierten amphibians and reptiles was summarized by Bons Population im Kreise Paderborn. Abh. Wes tja l. Mus. (1967). Since this date numerous new data have been Naturk. 47, 1-51. published describing increases in distribution ranges of Kusano, T., Kusano, H. and Miyashita, K. (1985). Size-related cannibalism among larval Hy nobius nebulosus. Copeia many species. This new information has been compiled 1985, 472-476. recently by Mellado and Dakki (1988), although new Lannoo, M.J., and Bachmann, M. D. (1984). Aspects of data is constantly being published (see Schouten and cannibalistic morphs in a population of Ambystoma t. Thevenot, 1988; Destre et al., 1989; Valverde, 1989a, b; tigrinum larvae. Am. Midi. Nat. 112, 103-109. Mellado and Olmedo, 1990). Newman, R.A (1987). Effects of density and predation on This note presents more new data concerning Scaphiopus couchi tadpoles in desert ponds. Oecologia 71, herpetofaunal distribution in former (Western 301-307. Sahara excluded) and describes (I) considerable Newman, R.A (1989). Developmental plasticity of Scaphiopus increases in the distribution of some species, (2) new couchi tadpoles in an unpredictable environment. Ecology localities for some species, and (3) the confirmation of 70, 1775-1 787. Rose, F.L., and Armentrout, D. (1976). Adaptive strategies of the existence of some species in previously poorly Ambystoma tigrinum Green inhabiting the Llano Estacado surveyed areas. These records have been selected from a of West Te xas. J Anim. Ecol. 45, 713-729. considerable amount of new observations made by the Semlitsch, RD. (1985). Analysis of climatic factors influencing authors since 1982, in addition to existing material migrations of the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum. deposited since 1952 in the collection at the Estacion Copeia 1985, 477-48. Biologica de Doflana, Seville. The latter has been Semlitsch, R.D. (1987). Relationship of pond drying to the recently described by Ignacio de la Riva and the second reproductive success of the salamander Ambystoma author of this note (in preparation). In Table I appears a talpoideum. Copeia 1987, 61-69. list of 45 new localities for 29 species of Moroccan Semlitsch, R.D., Scott, D.E. and Pechmann, J.H.K. (1988). Time and size at metamorphosis related to adult fitness in herps, whose geographic situation is mapped (Fig. 1 ). Ambystoma talpoideum. Ecology 69, 184-192. SHORT NOTES 59

Species Date Location Code Observers

Pleurodeles wait/ 240486 Puente fomento JAM* (Salamandridae) (Chechaouen) 050686 Ta lamagait 5 JAM Sa/amandra salamandra 170587 Djebel Bouhalla 2 Cl&LLJ* (Salamandridae) (Chechaouen) Alytes ohstetricans 210582 Djebel Ta zekka 15 JM&GO (Discoglossidae) (Taza) Discoglossus pictus 00 1186 Ouled berrehil 29 JM&LJ (Discoglossidae) (Taroudant) 110587 Cascade de Ouzoud 18 JAM&IR* (Azilal) 080587 Agoudal 19 JAM&IR* Bujo bufo 090587 El Ksiba 17 JAM&IR* (Bufonidae) 010687 Ta foraet 9 JM Blanus cinereus 280382 Bab Bou ldir 14 GO&JM (Amphisbaenidae) (Taza) Tr ogonophis wiegmanni 000062 Sidi Ifni 31 RT* (Trogonophidae) Gekonia chazaliae 090566 Inezzgane 30 EK* (Gekkonidae) Hemidactylus turcicus 150778 Pei\on de Alhucemas 4 AJ (Gekkonidae) Pty odactylus oudrii 080587 Tizi tirherhouzine 20 JAM&IR* (Gekkonidae) (Agoudal) Quedenfeldtia trachyhlepharus 080587 Tizi Tirherhouzine 20 JAM&IR* (Gekkonidae) (Agoudal) Saurodactylus mauritanicus 010789 Souk el Had 16 JAM&JM (Gekkonidae) (Mrirt) " ,, 040686 Ta lamagait 5 FFP&JAM* 000489 Torres de Alcala 3 JAM Stenodactylus petriei 250389 Erg Chebbi 24 MG (Gekkonidae) (Merzouga) Ta rentola annularis 051165 Mulekta 33 JAY* (Gekkonidae) (Zag) Tropiocolotes tripolitanus 000066 Inezzgane 30 EK* (Gekkonidae) Uromastix acanthinurus 310161 7 AP* (Agamidae) 070586 Mechra Hommadi 8 LLJ&JAM* Cha/cides mauritanicus 000061 Beni Enzar 6 AP* (Scincidae) Sp henops hou/engeri 00046 1 Figuig 25 AP* (Scincidae) 030587 Erg Chebbi 24 JAM&IR* (Merzouga) 160388 Ta mgrout 26 LJ&JM Mesalina ruhropunctata 220786 Ouarzazate 27 AM* (Lacertidae) 160487 Erg Chebbi 24 JM (Merzouga) 230388 Erfoud 22 LJ&JM Po darcis perspicillata 070587 Oued Todra 21 JAM&IR* (Lacertidae) .(Tinerhir) Op hisops occidentalis 060687 Oued Betoun 12 IR* (Lacertidae) (El Ateuf) 190487 Ain Beni Mathar 11 JM Psa mmodromus algirus 030587 Rissani 23 JAM&IR (Lacertidae) 190263 Sidi Ifni 31 RT Psa mmodromus h/anci 060489 Col de 10 LJ&JM (Lacertidae) (Jerada) Op hisaurus koellikeri 120582 13 GO&JM (Anguidae) Va ranus griseus 040587 Erg Chebbi 24 IR&JAM (Varanidae) (Merzouga) 140486 Ta mgrout 26 JM 000084 Ta n Ta n 32 LLJ&JAM Eryx jaculus 000852 Zaio 7 AP* (Boidae) Boaedon fu liginosum 000070 Aoulouz 28 JU&MU (Colubridae) Psammophis sihilans 260490 Ouarzazate 27 LLJ&JAM (Colubridae) Bilis arietans 000070 Aoulouz 28 JU&MU (Viperidae) 000085 Ouled Berehil 29 JU&MU (Taroudant) 60 SHORT NOTES

TABLE I (previous page). List of new localities of Moroccan amphibian and reptile species. Indicated are the dates of observation or capture, the name of the location, the coding assigned to these locations in Fig. I., and the observers' initials. The initials JM and JAM refer to the authors, and the remaining to those named in the acknowledgements. Species are named according to Mellado and Dakki (1988). Observations marked * denote specimens preserved in the collection of the Estacion Biologica de Dofiana, Seville.

1ookm • 33

Fig. I. Shows the geographical location of the sites appearing in Ta ble I. These data reveal important increases in previously its range. Finally, Eryxjaculus now appears as far north know distributions for nine species. Thus, amongst as Morocco (where previously it was only known in amphibians, Pleurodeles wait/ expands its range to the Hauts Plateaux, Bons, 1967) as in the Oran region of east, now occupying the whole of the Rif mountains. Algeria (Doumergue, 1901). Discoglossus pictus appears in the Souss Valley. Bufo bufo Expansions of lesser importance appear in a further is detected in an isolated eastern locality (Djebel Beni six species. Blanus cinereus extends its area to the east. Snassen) situated between the principal core areas of Tr ogonophis wiegmanni advances to the south along the this species in Atlantic Morocco and Algeria Atlantic coast. Geckonia chazaliae now reaches the (Doumergue, 1901; Pasteur and Bons, 1959). Amongst mouth of the river Souss. Uromastix acanthinurus, a reptile species, Saurodactylus mauritanicus has a typical desert species, now appears in semi-arid disjointed distribution with two core areas, one in the ecosystems in the NE, very close to the Mediterranean SW and the other in the NE of the country. These new coast. Chalcides mauritanicus, a species previously only data enlarge these existing areas to the north and the known in a single site in Morocco (Mellado, Caputo west respectively. Mesalina rubropunctata is expanding and Nascetti, 1987), reaches on the west the foothills of the northern limit of its known area. Psammodromus the Rif mountains. Po darcis perspicillata confirms its algirus is extending its distribution towards the south, presence in the pre-desert zones on the southern slopes both on the Atlantic coast (Sidi Ifni) and in the interior, of the High Atlas. penetrating the Sahara by means of the oases (Rissani). Amongst the species with few recorded localities in Particularly outstanding is the case of Sp henops the study area, new data for a further eleven species are boulengeri, whose range is expanding some 400 km to the presented (note however that some of the species west, reaching the upper Draa valley. Op hisaurus considered in the above paragraphs, e.g., Chalcides koellikeri appears in an isolated locality (Gada de mauritanicus, are also found in few localities). Debdou), which now constitutes the eastern boundary of Amphibians include Sa/amandra sa/amandra (five SHORT NOTES 61 localities previously recorded; Pasteur and Bons, 1959) Pasteur, G. and Bons, J. (1959). Les Batraciens du Maroc. Tr av. and Alytes obstetricans (previously only observed in the Inst. scien t. cherif. ser. Zoo/. 17, 1-241. Rif mountains and since found by Libis, 1984, in Middle Pasteur, G. and Bons, J. (1960). Catalogue des Reptiles actuels 21, Atlas). Reptiles include Hemidactylus turcicus, before du Maroc. Tr av. Inst. scient. cherif. ser. Zoo/. 1-134. Schouten, J.R. and Thevenot, M. (1988). Amphibians and only cited in three places: Casablanca, Ouezanne Reptiles of the Ta rfaya region, Province of La'Youne, (Pasteur and Bons, 1960) and Lixus(Stemmler and Hotz, Morocco. In Khnifiss Lagoon and its surrounding Stenodactylus petriei, 1972). was only known from three environment. Tr av. Inst. Scien t., Rabat (Mem.hors serie) 105- localities: Meski, Bou Denib and to the north of Erfoud 113. (Bons, 1967; Stemmler and Hotz, 1972). Ta rentola Stemmler, 0. and Hotz, H. (1972). Bericht iiber eine annularis was present in a single place (close to Ta rfaya; herpetologische sammelreise nach Marokko im Juli 1969. Joger, 1984). Op hisops occidentalis and Pwmmodromus Ve rhandl. Na turf. Ges. Basel. 83, 125-160. blanci, each previously recorded in only two localities Va lverde, J.A (1989a). Notas sobre vertebrados. VI. Psammophis respectively (Bons, 1967). Va ranus griseus was previously sibilans teknae (Colubridae, Serpentes) una nueva forma present in only six places (Bons, 1959). Amongst snakes,