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POLLUTION STUDY of KAVERI RIVER in the ERODE REGION 1 2 3 Prannau a J , Balaji M , Sivalingam A.M

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POLLUTION STUDY of KAVERI RIVER in the ERODE REGION 1 2 3 Prannau a J , Balaji M , Sivalingam A.M POLLUTION STUDY OF KAVERI RIVER IN THE ERODE REGION 1 2 3 Prannau A J , Balaji M , Sivalingam A.M 1 PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous), (India) 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous), (India) 3 UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous), (India) ABSTRACT Rising pollution levels in the air, water and land poses serious threat to the environment and all the lives on the planet, the waters of rivers are being polluted severely almost throughout the year, this level is going to shoot up as the population is also in the rise. This project aims to study the pollution happening in the Kaveri River in the Erode region of Tamilnadu state in India. The project involves various methods in the study process which give out the factual and operational pollution levels in the waters of Kaveri River, Erode is a flourishing industrial city with a lot of textile and dyeing industries in the rise. That is one of the main reasons for selecting the Erode region for the project. Mostly the effluents are considered to be treated before letting it into the river, still this would account for the pollution caused in the river and the sewer network of the district also opens into the river at various discharge points. Intensive study of water pollution in rivers, sources and pollutants have been done, Sample water has been collected at predetermined points and have been tested for the presence of pollutants and a questionnaire survey has been conducted to the citizens of Erode district believing their answers would give a much reliable information on the status of the condition of water, depending upon their use and day to day application with the water. Keywords: River Kaveri, Kaveri River pollution, Kaveri in Erode region 1. Introduction 1.1 General Water pollution is an appalling problem, powerful enough to lead the world on a path of destruction. Water is a natural solvent, enabling most pollutants to dissolve in it easily and contaminate it. The effect of water pollution is directly suffered by the organisms and vegetation that survive in water, including amphibians. On a human level, several people die each day due to the consumption of polluted and infected water. 108 | P a g e As per the Economist report (dated 2008), each day, over 1000 children die of diarrheal sickness in India, and the numbers have been alarming in the last five years. Water is polluted by both natural as well as human-made activities. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. are known to alter water and contaminate it, also affecting the ecosystems that exist underwater. 1.2 Aim of the Project This project aims to study the pollution of river Kaveri (Cauvery) inside the limits of Erode district, it is important to make an assessment of quality of the water by studying the pollution of the river which is considered a lifeline of two rapidly developing states of the country, for the best use of water resources distribution and utilization. It becomes necessary to have an idea of the present and future demand of water for various uses e.g. irrigation, industries, public health and river conservation. 1.3 Objective of the Project 1) Intense study of pollution in the river like sources, contamination levels, pollutants that usually cause pollution in rivers. 2) Conducting a survey/ questionnaire to the people residing in the vicinity of the river bank and who come in contact with the river water on an everyday basis, As these people have much experience, visuals, effects of the river’s water than the other population 3) Collection of water samples from the rivers at predetermined points and testing it for pollutants, submitting its report and a discussion on the results. 2. River pollution study 2.1 Sources of River pollution study 2.1.1 Industrial Waste: Industries produce a tremendous amount of waste, which contains toxic chemicals and pollutants, causing air & water pollution and damage to our environment and us. They contain harmful chemicals, including lead, mercury, sulfur, nitrates, asbestos, and many others. Many industries, not having a proper waste management system, drain the waste in the freshwater, which goes into canals, rivers, and later into the sea. The toxic chemicals may change the color of water, increase the number of minerals, called eutrophication, change the temperature of the water, and pose a severe hazard to water organisms. 2.1.2 Sewage and Wastewater: The sewage and wastewater that is produced in each household are treated chemically and released into the river along with fresh water. The sewage water carries pathogens, a typical water pollutant, other harmful bacteria, and chemicals that can cause serious health problems and thereby diseases. 2.1.3 Mining Activities: 109 | P a g e Mining is the process of crushing the rock and extracting coal and other minerals from the underground. These elements, when extracted in the raw form, contain harmful chemicals and can increase the number of toxic elements when mixed up with water, which may result in health problems. Mining activities emit a large amount of metal waste and sulfides from the rocks, which is harmful to the water. 2.1.4 Chemical fertilizers and pesticides: Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used by farmers to protect crops from insects and bacteria. They are useful for the plant’s growth. However, when these chemicals are mixed up with river and stream water, they produce harmful pollutants for plants and animals. Also, when it rains, the chemicals mix up with rainwater and flow down into rivers and canals, which pose serious damages for aquatic animals. 2.1.5 Animal Waste: The waste produced by animals is washed away into the rivers when it rains. It then gets mixed up with other harmful chemicals and causes various water-borne diseases like cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, and typhoid. 2.1.6 Urban Development As the population has grown exponentially, so has the demand for housing, food, and cloth. As more cities and towns are developed, they have resulted in increasing use of fertilizers to produce more food, soil erosion due to deforestation, rise in construction activities, inadequate sewer collection and treatment, landfills as more garbage is produced, increase in chemicals from industries to produce more materials. 2.2 Industries in Erode Getting a count and types of industries and factories present within the Erode district, as it would be a herculean task for getting this data all by myself and with COVID19 outbreak going on, I requested the Erode branch office of the Tamilnadu Pollution Control board for the data. With that data acquired it was easy to categorize the industries and determine which of the industries contribute to pollution and their respective levels. Depending upon the industries list we can get information on what type of industries are present in Erode and therefore what will be very helpful in preparing the questionnaire survey and also in collecting water samples from rivers and testing for the necessary parameters. 110 | P a g e TABLE 2.1 Categorization of the Industries is Erode district S.No Category Type: Large Type: Medium Type: Small Total 1 RED 20 6 735 761 2 ORANGE 18 4 375 397 3 GREEN 3 5 187 195 4 WHITE 1 1 25 27 5 Total 42 16 1322 1380 3. Questionnaire survey 3.1 General In order to obtain real time information regarding the pollution happening in the river I went for a questionnaire survey which was conducted through google forms platform, I also made sure that this survey should be responded mostly by people who reside at Erode district and the ones who are in continuous contact with the Kaveri River. Luckily I was able to get a lot of responses from civil engineers belonging to Erode City Municipal Corporation, PWD, TWAD, TANGEDCO etc., and also from the highly knowledgeable Principals, HODs and professors from various colleges within Erode district. The survey deals with the following aspects: Serves as an evidence that the river is getting polluted in real time. The reliability levels are promising. Maximum surveys were completed by people who are in contact with the river on an everyday basis. This questionnaire survey will be conducted as a basic confirmation for the pollution happening in the river. The survey consisted of mostly questions with multiple choice answers, the most possible truths according to 111 | P a g e each individual was to be chosen and submitted. Finally the collective summary and individual results were obtained at the end. 3.2 Summary of the questionnaire survey The survey was answered by 34 respondents in total. As said earlier this survey serves as a basic confirmation for the pollution happening in the river. The summary of the questionnaire is as follows: Fig 3.1 Summary result of survey pt 1 The first question here itself is self-explanatory, In fact the river gets polluted near its origin and through its course from Karnataka the river is being polluted by various sources, When it enters Tamilnadu mostly formation of white foam has now become a common sight in the river, which marks the start of the pollution which itself remains as a solid evidence for people whoever just see the river. The river pollution has now become a common sight to the residents near the river as they can lively see the water getting polluted, especially the effluent being discharged from the tanneries and dying industries, That is why I wanted to conduct the survey to the people who are in contact with the river on a daily basis.
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