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Andrew Jackson Was Bornjackson in the Waxhaws, Ago

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Andrew Jackson Was Bornjackson in the Waxhaws, Ago Lawyers Who Fought in the Battle of New Orleans Jackson'sBy Mary Bodyguard Ann Wegmann he City of New Orleans is cel- ebrating its 300th anniversary in 2018. One of the most significant events in the history of the city is (March 15, 1767 - June 8, 1845) Tthe Battle of New Orleans fought 203 years Andrew► Andrew Jackson was bornJackson in the Waxhaws, ago. On Jan. 8, 1815, American forces led on the border(1767-1845) between North and South by Major General Andrew Jackson deci- Carolina, in 1767. sively defeated Major General Sir Edward ► At age 17, Andrew Jackson decided to Pakenham’s British troops at the Battle of become a lawyer, and by age 20, Jackson New Orleans. The British sustained 2,600 was admitted to the North Carolina bar. casualties, including dead, wounded and After moving to Tennessee in 1788, prisoners, during this approximately two- Jackson became a successful lawyer, often hour battle. In contrast, Jackson reported representing merchants against debtors. to Secretary of War James Monroe on ►Jackson led the Americans, which included Jan. 13, 1815, that the Americans suffered militia, regular army and volunteers, to a “only seven killed and six wounded” dur- decisive victory at the Battle of New Orleans on January 8, 1815. ing “the action on the line.”1 Louisiana lawyers played a prominent ►In 1828, Andrew Jackson was elected the role in the defense of New Orleans, vol- Genl. Andrew Jackson: the hero of New Seventh President of the United States, serving Orleans. Library of Congress two terms from 1829-1837. unteering as Jackson’s aides-de-camp, as his bodyguard and in other units. Jackson himself was a lawyer and judge, having of Lake Borgne, the first of the engage- tuted the guard of the commander-in-chief, served on the Tennessee Superior Court, ments between the American defenders obeying his orders alone.”8 These men on Tennessee’s highest court, from 1799 until and the British invaders. After the loss of horseback were stationed in the garden of he resigned in 1804.2 Jackson was licensed the American gunboats, Jackson declared Macarté’s plantation, Jackson’s headquar- to practice law in North Carolina in 1787 martial law on Dec. 16, 1814, assuming ters at the battlefield in Chalmette, La., at the age of 20, after studying law for two military control of New Orleans and sus- downriver from New Orleans. Ogden’s years,3 and moved to Tennessee the fol- pending civil authority.6 Encouraging ci- Dragoons were to attack the enemy who lowing year. vilians to volunteer in the defense of their broke through the American line. They The definitive battle on Jan. 8, 1815, city, Jackson famously declared: “Those were charged with protecting and obeying was not the only fighting that occurred who are not for us are against us, and will only Jackson. in Louisiana between the Americans and be dealt with accordingly.”7 the British forces. There were “a series Heeding Jackson’s call to arms, Captain Lawyers in Captain Ogden’s of Battles for New Orleans” between Peter V. Ogden, a New Orleans merchant, Jackson’s forces and the British troops Dragoons began organizing a volunteer cavalry during December 1814 and January 1815.4 unit to fight under Jackson. Nine law- The nine lawyers who volunteered to Jackson had arrived in New Orleans yers joined Captain Ogden’s Company of serve in Captain Ogden’s Dragoons includ- on Dec. 1, 1814, to a city that was not pre- Orleans Dragoons, also known as Captain ed John Dick,9 Alfred Hennen, Columbus pared to defend itself. “[I]n the space of a Ogden’s Horse Company, to fight the Lawson, Henry Johnson, Nathan Morse, few days, with discordant and heteroge- British and defend New Orleans. Captain John Nicholson, Frederick Haldimand neous elements, he created and organized Ogden’s cavalry unit was entrusted to Sumner, Fielding Lewis Turner and the little army which succeeded so well in guard Jackson. This cavalry company was George Augustus Waggaman. humbling the British pride.”5 Two weeks “composed of young men of education Seven of these lawyers went on to suc- later, the British Navy defeated the out- and high position in society, which consti- cessful careers, whether legal, judicial, numbered American gunboats at the Battle 382 April / May 2018 John Dick ► Born in County Tyrone, Ireland ► Born Alfredin Maryland Hennen ►BornColumbus in Kentucky Lawson ► Admitted to(1788-1824) practice law in Virginia, 1811 ► Graduate of(1786-1870) Yale College, 1806 ►Admitted to(1789-1815) practice before the Louisiana ► Admitted to practice before Louisiana ► Admitted to practice before Louisiana Supreme Court on March 5, 1813 Supreme Court, July 1, 1813 Supreme Court, March 4, 1813 ►Register of the Land Office for the ► United States Attorney, District of ► Law Professor at University of Louisiana Eastern District of Louisiana, 1813-1815 Louisiana, 1815 – 1821 (later became Tulane University) ►Clerk, United States District Court for the ► United States District Judge, District of ► Elected to Tulane University Law School Louisiana District, 1813–1815 Louisiana, 1821 – 1823 Hall of Fame, 1936 ►Mortally wounded by British during ► First United States District Judge for ►After Hennen’s death in 1870, his widow Artillery Duel, January 1, 1815 Eastern District of Louisiana, 1823 – 1824 received a pension of $8 per month based ►Only Louisiana lawyer that died fighting ►First United States District Judge for on Hennen’s service at the Battle of New the British during the Battle of New Western District of Louisiana, 1823 – 1824 Orleans Orleans ► Died of consumption at age 36 Virginia — Henry Johnson and John Dick, ingly defeated. born in Ireland and raised in Virginia. Lawson was born in Lexington, Ky., on political and/or educational. John Dick Aug. 11, 1789, the son of Revolutionary was later appointed the first United States Story of Columbus Lawson War Brigadier General Robert Lawson. District judge for the Eastern District of Lawson’s sister was America Lawson Louisiana. John Nicholson was appoint- Lawson sustained his fatal injuries dur- Lewis, wife of Judge Joshua Lewis. In ed the first United States marshal for the ing the battle fought on New Year’s Day. 1805, President Thomas Jefferson ap- Eastern District of Louisiana. Two of the This was an artillery attack by the British on pointed Joshua Lewis of Kentucky as lawyers later served as United States sena- the morning of Jan. 1, 1815. The British di- commissioner for the Territory of Orleans. tors, George Augustus Waggaman and rected their cannon fire at Macarté’s house, Two years later, Jefferson appointed Henry Johnson. Johnson also served as Jackson’s headquarters. “In less than ten Lewis as judge of the Superior Court for Louisiana governor. Nathan Morse was minutes, upwards of one hundred balls, the Territory of Orleans. Lawson accom- elected the recorder for the City of New rockets and shells struck the house, and panied his sister, her husband and family Orleans and Alfred Hennen taught law at rendered it impossible to remain there.”10 when they moved to New Orleans, some- the University of Louisiana. Fielding Lewis Jackson and his staff were at headquarters time after Aug. 12, 1805.15 Turner was elected criminal court judge. when the cannonading began, but fortu- Lawson was admitted to practice be- Two lawyers died prematurely. nately no one in the house was wounded.11 fore the Louisiana Supreme Court on Frederick Haldimand Sumner died of dis- The Americans, celebrating the New Year, March 5, 1813, just four days after the ease, probably yellow fever, five years af- were “startled” by the British cannon Court “commenced its sessions at the City ter the battle. The clerk of the United States fire.12 However, Jackson’s forces success- of New Orleans.”16 U.S. Secretary of the District Court for the Louisiana District, fully countered with their artillery, until the Treasury Albert Gallatin had recommend- Columbus Lawson, appears to be the only British abandoned their artillery assault in ed Lawson as register of the Land Office lawyer killed at the battle. the early afternoon. Latour, Jackson’s en- at New Orleans in January 1813, noting New Orleans had a learned bar in gineer, reported that the American loss of “Lawson was clerk of the board, is hon- 1815. Alfred Hennen was a Yale gradu- life “was very inconsiderable, in compari- est, understands thoroughly the business ate, and Frederick Haldimand Sumner son with that of the enemy, and consider- & is recommended by the Member Mr. was a Harvard graduate. Nathan Morse, ing the long continuance of an intense fire; Robertson.”17 Lawson was later appointed a New Jersey native, studied law un- for it amounted to no more than thirty-four clerk of the U.S. District Court for the der Col. Aaron Ogden, a future gover- wounded or killed, . .”13 Louisiana District located in New Orleans. nor of New Jersey, who was the uncle of However, Lawson, stationed with Captain Peter V. Ogden. Two lawyers trav- Ogden’s Dragoons outside of Macarté’s Both Sides of Jean Lafitte eled from Kentucky to New Orleans — house, was one of the Americans fatally Fielding Lewis Turner, born in Virginia, wounded during that “artillery duel.”14 As clerk of court for the Louisiana first practiced law in Kentucky; Columbus Lawson was just 25 years old and unmar- District, Lawson signed and issued writs Lawson left Kentucky with his sister and ried when a British cannonball struck him. for the federal court, including orders in- brother-in-law, Judge Joshua Lewis, to Lawson died a few days later from his volving privateer Jean Lafitte. The United move to New Orleans.
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