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Nene Phosphate in Sediment Investigation - Environment Agency Project REF:30258 Water Framework Directive Report OR/13/031

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Nene Phosphate in Sediment Investigation - Environment Agency Project REF:30258 Water Framework Directive Report OR/13/031 Nene Phosphate in Sediment Investigation - Environment Agency Project REF:30258 Water Framework Directive Report OR/13/031 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water Framework Directive COMMERCIAL REPORT OR/13/031 Nene Phosphate in Sediment Investigation - Environment The National Grid and other Agency Project REF:30258 Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2013. Ordnance Survey Licence No. 100021290. A.M. Tye, M.D. Hurst, A.K.A.P. Barkwith Keywords River Nene, Sediment, Phosphorus, Phosphate, Contributor/editor Environment Agency.. A.M. Tye National Grid Reference SW corner 450000,35359000000 Centre point 480000,380000 NE corner 520000,310000 Front cover River Nene near Thorpe Waterville Bibliographical reference TYE, A.M., HURST, M.D. & Barkwith, A.K.A.P. 2013. Nene Phosphate in Sediment Investigation. Report to the Environment Agency REF:30258 2013. Water Framework Directive Report, OR/13/031. 95pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey © NERC 2013. All rights reserved 2013 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. email [email protected] We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham BGS shops. NG12 5GG Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of email [email protected] Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 developing countries. email [email protected] The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com Environment Agency Office Goldhay Way, Orton Goldhay, Peterborough, PE2 5ZR www.environment-agency.gov.uk OR/13/031; Final 1 Last modified: 2013/11/29 12:01 Foreword This report is the published product of a study by the British Geological Survey (BGS) for the UK Environment Agency, project number 30258. Acknowledgements A number of BGS staff contributed greatly towards this project. Barry Rawlins helped write the tender proposal and reviewed the report. Murray Lark and Ben Marchant wrote the statistical code to fit the isotherm and kinetic data respectively as well as providing general statistical advice. Alex Bradley drew the maps. Mick Strutt was invaluable for undertaking the field work, its preparation and looking after all the boat maintenance and driving. Rob Price was our Environment Agency Project Manager and client, providing requirement specification, local knowledge, water body access, health and safety and as well as contributing to the sample collection. i OR/13/031; Final 1 Last modified: 2013/11/29 12:01 Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... i Contents .......................................................................................................................................... ii List of abbreviations and definitions ......................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... viii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2 Material & Methods ............................................................................................................... 2 2.1 The River Nene Catchment ............................................................................................ 2 2.2 Bedrock Geology ............................................................................................................ 3 2.3 Superficial Geology ........................................................................................................ 4 2.4 Sampling Strategy & Site Selection ............................................................................... 4 2.5 Collection of sediments .................................................................................................. 5 2.6 Laboratory Material & Methods ..................................................................................... 6 2.7 Calculating sediment fluxes using a Landscape Evolution model ............................... 10 2.8 Calculations of Total Phosphorus and Phosphate in river sediments and waters ......... 20 3 Results and Discussion ......................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Sediment distribution and depth in the River Nene ...................................................... 22 3.2 Use of probing data in calculations of P sediment volume .......................................... 26 3.3 Bulk Denisty of sediment ............................................................................................. 27 3.4 Particle Size Distribution (PSD) of sediments ............................................................. 27 3.5 Organic matter .............................................................................................................. 29 3.6 TP (TP) in homogenised sediment cores ...................................................................... 31 3.7 Extractable P in homogenised sediment cores ............................................................. 34 3.8 Depth profiles of TP and OEP in sediment cores ......................................................... 37 3.9 Determining the Effective Phosphorus concentrations (EPC0) in sediments ............... 38 3.10 Determining the rate of P uptake or desorption in sediments (kinetics) ................... 39 3.11 River Nene water Chemistry ..................................................................................... 40 3.12 Sediment dynamics ................................................................................................... 43 3.13 Assessing sediment transport dynamics through water bodies using the CDP model43 3.14 A comparison of the CDP model and reported literature values of sediment yield in the Nene catchment ................................................................................................................ 54 3.15 Calculating P loads in the sediments and waters of the River Nene ......................... 62 4 General Discussion and Conclusions .................................................................................. 70 4.1 Sediment Phosphorus Chemistry .................................................................................. 70 4.2 Sediment dynamics within the River System ............................................................... 71 4.3 Implications of results for river management ............................................................... 72 4.4 Further Work ................................................................................................................ 73 ii OR/13/031; Final 1 Last modified: 2013/11/29 12:01 Appendix 1: Bulk Density values for cores. Missing values are where grab samples were taken or are CoreD samples. ....................................................................................................... 75 Appendix 2: Data collected for homogenised cores collected from the River Nene .............. 76 Appendix 3: Data collected for CoreD samples collected from River Nene ............................ 78 References ...................................................................................................................................
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