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Proceedings 19Th Central Hardwood Forest Conference Carbondale, IL March 10-12, 2014

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Proceedings 19Th Central Hardwood Forest Conference Carbondale, IL March 10-12, 2014 United States Department of Agriculture Proceedings 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference Carbondale, IL March 10-12, 2014 Forest Northern General Technical Service Research Station Report NRS-P-142 December 2014 Proceedings from the 2014 Central Hardwood Forest Conference in Carbondale, IL. The published proceedings include 27 papers and 47 abstracts pertaining to research conducted on biofuels and bioenergy, forest biometrics, forest ecology and physiology, forest economics, forest health including invasive species, forest soils and hydrology, geographic information systems, harvesting and utilization, silviculture, and wildlife management. This document is being published in electronic format only (Web and CD). Any corrections or additions will be posted to the Web site (www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs). Cover photo by Eric J. Holzmueller, Southern Illinois University, used with permission. The findings and conclusions of each article in this publication are those of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service. All articles were received in digital format and were edited for uniform type and style. Each author is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her paper. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This publication/database reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: PESTICIDES CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. Manuscript received for publication 31 March 2014 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 Fax: (740)368-0152 December 2014 Email: [email protected] Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ 19th CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE Proceedings of a Conference held at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois March 10-12, 2014 Edited by: John W. Groninger, Southern Illinois University Eric J. Holzmueller, Southern Illinois University Clayton K. Nielsen, Southern Illinois University Daniel C. Dey, U.S. Forest Service Sponsored by: Southern Illinois University, Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University, Continuing Education and Outreach U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station Professional Association of Conservation Resource Managers FOREWORD The Central Hardwood Forest Conference is a series of biennial meetings dedicated to the sustainability and improvement of Central Hardwood forest ecosystems. The objective of the conference is to bring together forest managers and scientists to discuss research and issues concerning the ecology and management of forests in the Central Hardwood region. The conference has been hosted by different institutes across the region and the 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference was hosted by the Department of Forestry of Southern Illinois University and the Northern Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service. The conference included presentations pertaining to biofuels and bioenergy, fire, forest biometrics, forest ecology, forest economics, forest health including invasive species, forest soils and hydrology, forest planning, forest recreation, harvesting and utilization, silviculture, and wildlife management. The conference consisted of 49 oral presentations, resulting in 24 papers and 25 presentation abstracts as well as 28 poster presentations and associated abstracts published herein. The 20th Central Hardwood Forest Conference (2016) will be hosted by the University of Missouri and the Northern Research Station. STEERING COMMITTEE Chair Eric J. Holzmueller, Southern Illinois University John W. Groninger, Southern Illinois University Clayton K. Nielsen, Southern Illinois University Charles M. Ruffner, Southern Illinois University Daniel C. Dey, U.S. Forest Service SUBJECT mattER REVIEWERS Kofi Akamani Damon B. Lesmeister Scott Beckerman John M. Lhotka Don C. Bragg Thomas A. Maigret John R. Brooks T. Eric McConnell Patrick H. Brose Gary W. Miller Casey Bryan Amanda M. Nelson Matthew S. Bumgardner Josh Nickelson Michael Demchick Gregory J. Nowacki Paul Doruska Elizabeth Olson Pamela J. Edwards Logan Park Peter J. Frey John Phelps Michael E. Goerndt Ronald Rathfon Bruce Henry Charles M. Ruffner Elizabeth Hillard Michael R. Saunders Eric J. Holzmueller Jamie Schuler Brian S. Hughett Martin A. Spetich Randy Jensen Aaron D. Stottlemeyer C.J. Jones R. Edward Thomas John M. Kabrick D. Alexander Wait Benjamin O. Knapp REVIEW PROCEDURES A blind review process was used in reviewing manuscripts for oral presentations. Each manuscript was peer-reviewed by at least two professionals. Reviews were returned to authors to revise their manuscripts. Revised manuscripts were then submitted to the Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service for final editing and publishing. The conference Editorial Committee returned some of the manuscripts to the authors as being more appropriate for other outlets. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Steering Committee wishes to thank Caitlin McMahon for her assistance in organizing the proceedings, and many thanks to all the professionals who assisted in reviewing manuscripts. The Steering Committee is grateful to Susan Wright and other members of the Northern Research Station communications group for technical editing and publishing of these proceedings. Special thanks to the staff of Continuing Education and Outreach at Southern Illinois University for their assistance in planning and coordinating the 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference. We also thank Laira Baird, Margaret Bialecki, Josh Nickelson, Bruce Henry, Nathan Hoover, and the following individuals who volunteered as session moderators: Kofi Akamani, Patrick H. Brose, Stacy Clark, Michael Demchick, Daniel C. Dey, Benjamin Dolan, Gary W. Miller, Clay Nielsen, Elizabeth Olson, Logan Park, Ronald Rathfon, Charles M. Ruffner, Michael R. Saunders, Jamie Schuler, Callie Jo Schweitzer, and Curtis Vander Schaaf. HistORY OF THE CEntral HARDWOOD FOREst CONFERENCE This Conference is the 19th in a series of biennial meetings that have been hosted by numerous universities and U.S. Forest Service Research Stations in the Central Hardwood Forest region including: 1976 Southern Illinois University 1978 Purdue University 1980 University of Missouri 1982 University of Kentucky 1985 University of Illinois 1987 University of Tennessee 1989 Southern Illinois University and the North Central Forest Experiment Station 1991 Pennsylvania State University and the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station 1993 Purdue University and the North Central Forest Experiment Station 1995 Northeastern Forest Experiment Station and West Virginia University 1997 University of Missouri and the North Central Forest Experiment Station 1999 University of Kentucky and the Southern Research Station 2002 University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign and the North Central Research Station 2004 Ohio State University, Wooster and the Northeastern Research Station 2006 University of Tennessee, Knoxville and the Southern Research Station 2008 Purdue University and the Northern Research Station 2010 University of Kentucky and the Northern Research Station 2012 West Virginia University and the Northern Research Station An error in a figure has been reported in a paper published in the 17th Central Hardwoods Conference Proceedings (Fei et al. 2011). This has been corrected in the electronic version online at http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/38058. For the correction, see page 238 of this paper. CONTENTS PLENARY SESSIONS Silvicultural Considerations for Managing Fire-dependent Oak Woodland Ecosystems ........... 2 John M. Kabrick, Daniel C. Dey, Carter O. Kinkead, Benjamin O. Knapp, Michael Leahy, Matthew G. Olson, Michael C. Stambaugh, and Aaron P. Stevenson Futures Project Anticipates Changes and Challenges Facing Forests of the Northern United States .................................................................................................................................... 16 Stephen R. Shifley, W. Keith Moser, Michael E. Goerndt, Nianfu Song, Mark D. Nelson, David J. Nowak, Patrick D. Miles, Brett J. Butler, Ryan D. DeSantis, Francisco X. Aguilar, Brian G. Tavernia FOREst PLANNING Restoration for the Future: Setting Endpoints and Targets and Selecting Indicators of Progress and Success .................................................................................................................... 19 Daniel C. Dey, Callie Jo Schweitzer, and John M. Kabrick A Framework for Assessing Climate Change Vulnerability and Identifying Adaptation Responses in the Central Hardwoods Region .............................................................................. 20 Patricia R. Butler, Leslie A. Brandt, Stephen D. Handler,
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