59th American Society International Annual Forum 2003

Phoenix, Arizona, USA

6 – 8 May 2003

Volume 1 of 3

ISBN: 978-1-61782-934-5 Printed from e-media with permission by:

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Copyright© (2003) by the American Helicopter Society International All rights reserved.

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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2634 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 1

INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY I – COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY

Environmental Noise Modelling for UK Helicopter Training Operations...... 1 R. Munt, R. Browne, C. Simpson, S. Bradley, Y. Lam, G. Kerry, R. Beaman

ACOUSTICS

Longitudinal-Plane Simultaneous Non-Interfering Approach Trajectory Design for Noise Minimization ...... 14 G. Gopalan, M. Xue, E. Atkins, F. Schmitz

Design and Analysis of High-Frequency Periodically Layered Isolators with Passive Design Enhancement for Helicopter Gearbox Isolation ...... 32 J. Szefi, E. Smith, G. Lesieutre

Transonic Helicopter Noise...... 46 A. Morgans, S. Karabasov, A. Dowling, T. Hynes

Near Real-Time Simulation of Acoustics and Flight Dynamics...... 56 K. Brentner, L. Lopes, H. Chen, J. Horn

Helicopter Acoustic Characterization by Simulation: Comparison with Flight Test Results and Predicted Impact of New Design Solutions...... 71 R. Ponza

AERODYNAMICS I – APPLIED AERODYNAMICS

Experimental Characterization of the Transition Bubble on a NACA0012 Oscillating Airfoil...... 86 E. Berton, C. Maresca, D. Favier

Dynamic Stall Measurements and Computations for a VR-12 Airfoil with a Variable Droop Leading Edge ...... 96 P. Martin, K. McAlister, M. Chandrasekhara, W. Geissler

Estimating Blade Section Airloads from Blade Leading-Edge Pressure Measurements...... 114 J. Aken

Calculation of Rotor Performance and Loads Under Stalled Conditions...... 135 H. Yeo

Aerodynamic Design of a New Affordable Main Rotor for the Apache Helicopter...... 150 R. Ram, R. Smith, B. Charles, A. Hassan

Effect of Airfoil Wall Temperature on the Performance of Micro-Rotorcraft...... 167 J. Kim, N. Koratkar

AERODYNAMICS II – COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

Analysis of Vorticity Confinement for Compressible Flows ...... 178 M. Costes, G. Kowani

Toward a Better Understanding of Ducted Rotor Antitorque and Directional Control in Forward Flight...... 191 E. Alpman, L. Long, B. Kothmann

A Non-Linear Indicial Method for the Calculation of Unsteady Airloads...... 204 D. Lee, J. Leishman, J. Baeder

Ice Accretion Computations for Full Tiltrotor Configurations ...... 232 J. Narramore, P. Tran, G. Baruzzi, W. Habashi, I. Akel, S. Balage

Simulation of Unsteady Rotor-Fuselage Interactions Using Unstructured Adaptive Meshes...... 240 Y. Park, H. Nam, O. Kwon

Validation of UH-60A Rotor Blade Aerodynamic Characteristics Using CFD ...... 251 J. Sitaraman, J. Baeder, I. Chopra

Towards Affordable CFD Simulations of Rotors in Forward Flight -- A Feasibility Study with Future Application to Vibrational Analysis...... 268 H. Ven, O. Boelens

AERODYNAMICS III – WAKES AND VORTICES

Predictions of Transient Rotor Wake Aerodynamics in Response to Time-Dependent Blade Pitch Inputs...... 285 S. Ananthan, J. Leishman

First-Principles Free-Vortex Wake Analysis for and Tiltrotors...... 307 D. Wachspress, T. Quackenbush, A. Boschitsch

The Interdependence of Straining and Viscous Diffusion Effects on Vorticity in Rotor Flow Fields...... 331 M. Ramasamy, J. Leishman

Helicopter Rotor Response to Wake Encounters in Ground Effect ...... 346 G. Whitehouse, R. Brown

Development of Unsteadiness in the Wake of a Rotor in Ground Effect ...... 362 T. Saijo, B. Ganesh, A. Huang, N. Komerath, S. Bhattacharya, D. Pulla, A. Conlisk

AIRCRAFT DESIGN I

Design & Development of a Thrust Augmented Entomopter: An Advanced Flapping Wing Micro Hovering Air Vehicle...... 370 M. Tarascio, I. Chopra

Development of an Advanced Singletilt Disc System VTOL Aircraft...... 388 S. Yassini, G. Syrovy

Application of an Integrated Decision Support System for Mid-Life Upgrade of Helicopters ...... 400 R. Kusumo, A. Sinha, D. Schrage

Application of a Probabilistic Design Environment to the Mission Requirements and Technologies for a Heavy Lift Helicooper ...... 410 A. Baker, D. Mavris, D. Schrage

Evaluation of Low Cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Comprised of Commercial-Off-The-Self Components as a Testbed for Military Research and Development...... 420 T. Watson Jr.

A Rapid Geometry Generator for Rotorcraft Exploratory Design with Computational Fluid Dynamics ...... 428 R. Narducci, J. Hirsh, T. Grandine, J. Vandenbrande, T. Hogan

UNCONVENTIONAL VTOL AIRCRAFT DESIGN SPECIAL SESSION

A Safe and Fuel-Efficient VTOL "Personal Aircraft" ...... 438 K. Milde Jr., A. Pruszenski Jr., J. Wagner

AIRCRAFT DESIGN II

Lastest Developments in Fluidlastic® Lead-Lag Dampers for Vibration Control in Helicopters ...... 446 P. Jones, D. Russell, D. McGuire

Advanced Technologies for High Performance NH90 Blades...... 456 P. Rauch, C. Quillien

Design of New EUROCOPTER Medium Twin Helicopter EC145...... 468 A. Humpert

High Stiffness ("Rigid") Helicopter Pylon Vibration Isolation Systems...... 485 D. McGuire

Design of an Integrated Servo-Flap Main Rotor...... 495 F. Wei

Composite Fuselage Design Synthesis...... 506 D. McCarthy, E. Walliser

Modelling and Related Lateral Responses ...... 516 A. Cooke

AVIONICS & SYSTEMS I

Mobile Commander's Associate for AMUST-D...... 551 P. Stiles, C. Bodenhorn, K. Galamback

Comanche Situational Knowledge: A Consolidated Network View of the Battlefield: Maximizing the Versatility of the Tass Target Threat Manager...... 563 W. Maselko, J. Gustin

Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) for Helicopters ...... 572 Y. Ishihara, D. Bateman, S. Johnson

Obstacle (AND) Terrain Avoidance and Mapping Sensor for Helicopters and Other Aircraft ...... 575 H. Niv

Neural Network Estimation of Low Airspeed for the V-22 Aircraft in Steady Flight ...... 591 N. Bi, D. Haas, M. Morales

AVIONICS & SYSTEMS II

Improving Situational Awareness with Agent-Based Data Discovery ...... 602 P. Gerken, S. Jameson, B. Sidharta, J. Barton

Manned/Unmanned Common Architecture Program (MCAP) ...... 609 D. Wilkins

New Glass Cockpit and Avionics System Benefits for the New EC/225/725 Cougar Helicopter...... 616 S. Germanetti, J. Cognet, M. Godard, M. Lanteaume, V. Saintagne

Future Trends in Air Vehicle Systems Development...... 625 C. Dabundo, J. Mitchell

CRASH SAFETY I – CRASH SIMULATION

Comparisons of the Impact Responses of a 1/5-Scale Model and a Full-Scale Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Section...... 637 K. Jackson, E. Fasanella, K. Lyle

The Development of Cost Effective Tools for the Design of Crashworthy Helicopter Structures ...... 649 D. Delsart, J. Charles, J. Sobry, V. Lassus, Y. Chauveau

Application of Probability Methods to Assess Crash Modeling Uncertainty...... 658 K. Lyle, A. Stockwell, R. Hardy

Efficient Helicopter Skid Landing Gear Dynamic Drop Simulation Using LS-DYNA...... 666 C. Tho, M. Smith, C. Sparks, C. Johnson, A. Sareen

Creation of an MSC/DYTRAN Landing Gear Model with Rigid-Body Joint Modeling...... 679 C. Walters

Validation of Concepts for Improved Occupant Crash Safety in Helicopters...... 687 A. Johnson, M. Lutzenburger, J. Hoffmann, B. Steeger

Water Impact Test and Simulation of a Composite Energy Absorbing Fuselage Section...... 697 E. Fasanella, K. Jackson, C. Sparks, A. Sareen

CRASH SAFETY II – CRASH DESIGN FEATURES

The Evolution of Energy-Absorbing Systems for Crashworthy Helicopter Seats...... 717 S. Desjardins

Reduction of Lumbar Loading and Pelvic Acceleration in the TH-57 Using Cushioning Material ...... 743 R. Testerman

Analysis of a Helicopter Tail Landing Gear System Featuring Electrorheological Fluids...... 747 Y. Choi, N. Werely

Volume 2

CREW STATIONS & HUMAN FACTORS

Pilot Attitudes on Glass and Traditional Cockpits in the U.S. Army's AH-64 Apache Helicopter...... 759 C. Rash, G. Adam, P. Leduc, G. Francis

Apache Longbow Integrated Crew Systems: Taking Complexity Out of Radio Communications ...... 783 K. Dunlap

A Systems Methodology to Define Mission Capabilities for Helicopter Emergency Medical Operations ...... 789 M. Momin, A. Sinha, R. Kusumo, P. Hogan, K. Laycock

Lessons Learned from Operation Enduring Freedom: Implications for CV-22 ...... 798 J. Tatro, M. Hargis, M. Magness

DYNAMICS I – VIBRATION CONTROL

Closed-Loop Control Test of the NASA/Army/MIT Active Twist Rotor for Vibration Reduction...... 810 S. Shin, C. Cesnik, S. Hall

Risk Reduction Flight Test of a Pre-Production Active Vibration Control System for the UH-60M...... 828 T. Millott, J. Wong, R. Goodman, W. Welsh, J. Correia, C. Cassil

A High-Order, Time Invariant, Linearized Model for Application to HHCc/FCS Interaction Studies...... 836 R. Cheng, M. Tischler, R. Celi

Vibration Attenuation Through the Use of Active Frahms...... 850 J. Heilman, D. Swanson, A. Badre-Alam

DYNAMICS II – ROTOR STABILITY/AEROMECHANICS MODELING

Aeroelastic Stability of a Four-Bladed Semi-Articulated Soft-Inplane Tiltrotor Model ...... 861 M. Nixon, C. Langston, J. Singleton, D. Piatak, R. Kvaternik, L. Corso, R. Brown

Hybrid Magnetorheological Elastomeric Lag Dampers for Helicopter Stability Augmentation...... 870 W. Hu, N. Wereley

Performance of Swashplateless Ultralight with Trailing-Edge Flaps for Primary Flight Control...... 882 J. Shen, I. Chopra, W. Johnson

Rotorcraft Vibration Reduction and Noise Prediction Using a Unified Aeroelastic Response Simulation ...... 893 D. Patt, L. Liu, P. Friedmann

Validation of Structural and Aerodynamic Modeling Using UH-60A Flight Test Data ...... 908 A. Datta, I. Chopra

Coupled Rotor-Fuselage Analysis with Finite Motions Using Component Mode Synthesis...... 923 O. Bauchau, J. Rodriguez, S. Chen

FLIGHT SIMULATION I – SHIPBOARD OPERATIONS

Dynamic Interface Simulation of Rotorcraft Shipboard On-Deck Operation...... 934 H. Kang, C. He, H. Saberi

A High Fidelity Simulation Model for Comprehensive Analysis of Rotorcraft Towing Operations ...... 946 H. Xin, C. He

Minimum Airwake and Quiescent Motion Indicator Simulator Test Results ...... 964 B. Ferrier, J. Duncan, T. Manninng

Simulation of Helicopter Shipboard Launch and Recovery with Time-Accurate Airwakes...... 975 D. Lee, N. Sezer-Uzol, J. Horn, L. Long

Development and Validation of an On-Deck Helicopter Manoeuvring Simulation ...... 994 R. Langlois, A. Feldman, D. Linn, A. Tadros

Low Cost Sensory Substitution for Effective Helicopter Training ...... 1006 R. Gilson, C. Brill, T. McDermott, W. Grigson

FLIGHT SIMULATION II – ROTORCRAFT MODELING

Investigation of Wake Curvature Dynamics for Helicopter Maneuvering Flight Simulation...... 1009 J. Zhao, J. Prasad, D. Peters

High Fidelity Helicopter Simulation Using Free Wake, Lifting Line Tail, and Blade Element Tail Rotor Models...... 1024 S. Spoldi, P. Ruckel

Identification of Based on Flight Data Using Recurrent Neural Networks: A Comparative Study...... 1031 M. Kumar, S. Suresh, S. Omkar, R. Ganguli, P. Sampath

An Flight Director for Helicopter Training...... 1038 E. Bachelder, B. Aponso

HANDLING QUALITIES I

Evaluation of Limited Authority Attitude Command Architectures for Rotorcraft ...... 1050 R. Hoh

Piloted Evaluation of Modernized Limited Authority Control Laws in the NASA-AMES Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) ...... 1068 V. Sahasrabudhe, E. Melkers, A. Faynberg, C. Blanken

Piloted Evaluation of a UH-60 Mixer Equivalent Turbulence Simulation Model...... 1092 J. Lusardi, C. Blanken, M. Tischler

Simulation Evaluation of V-22 Degraded-Mode Flying Qualities ...... 1104 J. Weakley, K. Kleinhesselink, D. Mason, D. Mitchell

HANDLING QUALITIES II

Development of Mission-Task Elements for V/STOLS ...... 1116 D. Mitchell, J. Weakley, K. Kleinhesselink, D. Mason

Progress in the Development of Complementary Handling and Loading Metrics for ADS-33 Manoeuvres...... 1126 M. Pavel, G. Padfield

Load Alleviation in Tilt Rotor Aircraft Through Active Control; Modelling and Control Concepts ...... 1139 B. Manimala, M. Naddei, P. Rollet

Damage Mitigating Control of Rotorcraft...... 1158 D. Bridges, J. Horn, A. Ray

Fuzzy Logic Detector for Aircraft Pilot Coupling and Pilot Induced Oscillation ...... 1170 G. Jeram, J. Prasad

INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY I – COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY

Development and Testing of a Low-Cost Integrated RTM Horizontal Stabilizer...... 1178 J. Hethcock, L. Coyle, S. Goodwin, J. Andrews, M. Dearman, D. Armstrong

Development of a Low-Cost UAV Fuselage Using VARTM Technology...... 1187 R. Jones, P. Chiou, J. Andrews, K. Cominsky

Compliant Composite Part Machining ...... 1195 R. Moore

Rotary Wing Structures Technology Demonstration of Tool-less Assembly...... 1204 D. Sandy, C. Rogg

Case Study: Zero Volatile Organic Compound Topcoat Applications Helicopters...... 1215 T. Rose

INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY II – METALS TECHNOLOGY

Reduced Leadtimes for Forged Helicopter Parts-RAPIDTOOL Program...... 1223 R. Shivpuri, K. Agarwal, D. Mathur, J. Lembo, W. Harris

Manufacturing Process Optimization as an Integrated Solution in CATIA...... 1229 P. Bender, P. Renton, T. Lee, T. Elwardany, M. Elbestawi, W. Harris, P. Darcy

Design Tool for Large Monolithic Structural Parts...... 1235 A. Saunders III

Case Study -- Mechanistic Feed Scheduling for Multi-Axis Machining of Titanium...... 1242 W. Harris Jr., S. Melkote

Process Development Through Simulation...... 1249 M. Russell

Improving Titanium Machining Processes...... 1256 N/A

HEALTH & USAGE MONITORING SYSTEMS (HUMS) I – OPERATIONAL RESULTS

Rotor Smoothing and Vibration Monitoring Results for US Army VMEP...... 1257 P. Grabill, T. Brotherton, B. Branhof, J. Berry, L. Grant

Helicopter Transmission Diagnostics Using Constrained Adaptive Lifting...... 1275 P. Samuel, D. Pines

Safety Factors and Risk in Usage Monitoring and Fatigue Substantiation of Helicopter Components ...... 1286 N. Toulas, P. Irving

Vibration Monitoring Techniques Investigated for the Monitoring of a CH-47 Swashplate Bearing...... 1298 P. Grabill, J. Keller

HEALTH & USAGE MONITORING SYSTEMS (HUMS) II – HUMS TECHNICAL

A Probability-Based Approach to Helicopter Track and Balance...... 1308 S. Wang, K. Danai

Spiral Bevel Pinion Crack Detection in a Helicopter Gearbox ...... 1318 H. Decker, D. Lewicki

Vibration Monitoring of UH-60A Main Transmission Planetary Carrier Fault...... 1329 J. Keller, P. Grabill

Threshold Assessment of Gear Diagnostic Tools on Flight and Test Rig Data...... 1340 P. Dempsey, M. Mosher, E. Huff

Rotordynamic Fault Diagnostics Using Phase Coherent Filtering ...... 1359 J. Pooley III, S. Murray

HEALTH & USAGE MONITORING SYSTEMS (HUMS) III – OPERATIONAL RESULTS

Challenges in Developing and Fielding an Interoperable Vehicle Health and Diagnostics System ...... 1364 R. Hess, H. Hollon, C. Carter, A. Duke

HUMS Development, Integration and Certification on the S-92A Aircraft...... 1374 R. Guessner, J. Cycon

A Satellite Data Link for HUMS Applications ...... 1381 L. Natoli, S. Buckley, D. Monopoli, D. Haas

Application of a Dependency-Model-Based Health Inference and Troubleshooting Strategy to a HUMS-Enabled Advanced Maintenance Concept...... 1391 A. Mathur, D. Haste, C. Domagala

Aviation Diagnostic and Engine Prognostic Technology (ADEPT) for the Chinook's T-55 Engine...... 1401 A. Stramiello, G. Kacprzynski eROTOR: A Windows CE Portable Flight Management Computer (FMC)...... 1408 M. Augustin, W. Shaw, D. Yeary, M. Pai

OPERATIONS

A Helicopter Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) Program...... 1418 B. Larder

Los Angeles County Fire Department's Acquisition of the Sikorsky Firehawk ...... 1444 V. Benson

The European Initiative on Civil Rotorcraft UAVs Within the CAPECON Program ...... 1457 S. Mouritsen, J. Boer, C. Sevin

PRODUCT SUPPORT

Rapid Deployment Initiative for the AH-64 Apache Longbow Helicopter ...... 1468 J. Veselovsky

United States Army T55-L-712 Gas Turbine Engine Torquemeter System Test Improvements ...... 1476 W. Cass, G. Echols

PROPULSION I – ENGINE INSTALLATION

The Nutating Engine - The Ideal Heavy Fuel Powerplant for Small UAVS ...... 1507 P. Meitner, M. Boruta

Integration of the RTM322 Into the WAH-64 Apache: A Model for Future Re-Engining ...... 1511 G. Volk

Mature Engine Reliability at In-Service Introduction - An Innovative Philosophy...... 1519 S. Bailey, P. Jones, H. Smailys, R. Trumper

Recommended Methodology for Army Helicopter Turbine Engine Component Vibration Qualification Testing ...... 1527 M. Wheeler

Volume 3

The Effects and Analysis of Backlash on Rotorcraft Torsional Stability...... 1533 J. Mattice, S. Spears, E. Hauter

PROPULSION II – ROTORCRAFT MODELING

Characterization of the Flow and Pressure Drop in Honeycomb Inlets with Grazing Flow ...... 1551 J. Keffler, A. Ortega, B. Bouldin

Recent Developments in Gas Turbine Engine Simulator Utility ...... 1562 P. Kedrowski, R. Wahl, E. Clark

Enhanced Turbine Engine Diagnostic System (ETEDS)...... 1570 S. Spring, A. Pisano, R. Wong, T. Baker, B. Baldwin, A. Mathur

Development of a Real-Time Labview-Based Testbed for Implementation of Planetary Gear Diagnostic Algorithms...... 1574 J. Conroy, P. Samuel, D. Pines

Experimental High Temperature Characterization of a Magnetic Bearing for Turbomachinery ...... 1582 G. Montague, M. Jansen, R. Jansen, B. Ebihara, A. Provenza, A. Palazzolo

Efficiency of High-Speed Helical Gear Trains ...... 1594 R. Handshuh, C. Kilmain

PROPULSION III – DRIVE TRAIN

Face Gear Transmission Development Program at Sikorsky Aircraft ...... 1606 D. Binney, H. Vinayak, Y. Gmirya, L. Zunski, D. Houser, E. Ames

Characterization of Flexible Matrix Composite Rotorcraft Driveshafts ...... 1614 E. Shin, K. Wang, E. Smith

The Development of a Fiber-Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composite Low Pressure Turbine Shaft for Engines ...... 1622 S. Spring, W. Kurz, K. Krishnamurthy, M. Peterson, H. Merrick, R. Ravenhall, B. Smith

STRUCTURES & MATERIALS I

Composite Tension-Torsion Load Cell ...... 1627 S. Agarwal, I. Kim, S. Dancila

The Development of a Durability & Damage Tolerance Qualification Methodology for Military Rotorcraft...... 1635 M. Portanova

STRUCTURES & MATERIALS II

Damage Tolerance in Helicopters Report on the Round Robin Challenge...... 1642 P. Irving, J. Lin, J. Bristow

Fatigue Life Analysis of Helicopter Dynamic Components in the U.S. Army Lead the Fleet Program ...... 1653 M. McFalls, D. White, E. Wagner

Non–Homogeneous Composite Beams Under Tip Loading ...... 1659 M. Grebshtein, M. Kazar, V. Rovenski, O. Rand

Damage and Failure Analysis of Co-Cured Fiber-Reinforced Composite Joints with Quasi-Isotropic Lay-Up...... 1670 C. Cao, D. Dancila

U.S. Army - 's Rwstd -- Static Test and Non-Linear Analysis Correlation ...... 1680 D. Wilke, D. McCarthy

A Study of the Retirement Data for Rotorcraft Dynamic Components ...... 1690 E. Martin, F. Rumph

Modelling of Multiple Damages for a Fail Safe Evaluation of Helicopter Structures...... 1707 W. Berczynski

Life Predictions for High Cycle Dynamic Components Using Damage Tolerance and Small Threshold Cracks...... 1712 R. Vaughan, J. Chang

TEST & EVALUATION I

Open Loop Flight Test Results and Closed Loop Status of the IBC System on the CH-53G Helicopter ...... 1721 C. Kessler, D. Fuerst, U. Arnold

HART II Blade Motion Measured by Stereo Pattern Recognition (SPR)...... 1739 O. Schneider, B. Wall, K. Pengel

FHS - Experimental System for Flying Helicopter Simulator Put Into Operation ...... 1753 B. Gelhaar, H. Oertel, K. Alvermann, M. Bodenstein, R. Gandert, S. Graeber, H. Schwaneck

Getting a Primary Fly-By-Light Control System Into Flight...... 1762 N. Bickel, U. Butter, M. Hammerlindl, W. Eichberger

Flight Testing of the Eurocopter EC145...... 1781 C. Ockier

TEST & EVALUATION II

Machine Vision Based Position Measurement for Autonomous Low Speed Flight ...... 1791 C. Oertel

"Digital" SMA-Based Tracking Tabs for One-Per-Rev Vibration Reduction ...... 1799 R. McKillip Jr.

Measured Aerodynamic Interaction of Two Tiltrotors ...... 1827 G. Yamauchi, A. Wadcock, M. Derby

Low Cost/Low Airspeed Sensor for Helicopter Applications...... 1839 S. Mangalam, G. Sarma, M. Augustin, D. Yeary

UNINHABITED VTOL AIRCRAFT & ROTORCRAFT I – INTELLIGENT AUTONOMY ARCHITECTURES

Software Architectures for Robots Capable of Intelligent Autonomy: A Survey of the State of the Art...... 1848 R. Burridge

Team Communication Among Airborne Agents...... 1859 M. Gerla, Y. Yi, K. Xu, A. Moshfegh

Intelligent Autonomy for UAVS...... 1868 A. Pawlowski, L. Pridmore, J. Franke, R. Higgins

A Markov Decision Process Approach to Human/Machine Function Allocation in Optionally Piloted Vehicles...... 1873 C. Miller, R. Goldman, H. Funk

Autonomous UAV Team Planning for Missions...... 1888 R. Szczerba, D. Garrison, N. Ternullo

An Architecture for Multi-Vehicle Autonomy with Small UAVS ...... 1900 B. Bamberger, J. Bruzek, H. Gilreath, T. Gion, K. Grossman

Formation Reconfiguration for Autonomous Vehicles...... 1908 T. Koo, S. Zelinski, S. Sastry

UNINHABITED VTOL AIRCRAFT & ROTORCRAFT II – INTELLIGENT AUTONOMY CONTROL DESIGN

Rotorcraft Autonomous Navigation System...... 1914 J. Jakeway

Envelope Protection in Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles...... 1919 I. Yavrucuk, S. Unnikrishnan, J. Prasad

Statistical Verification for UAV Autonomy...... 1930 P. Binns, M. Elgersma, V. Ha, T. Samad

Variable Autonomy Control System (VACS) and Supporting Technologies Overview ...... 1937 D. Duggan, B. Pate

A Revolutionary Control Framework for UAVS and Other Embedded Systems...... 1963 J. Paunicka, W. Koenig, B. Mendel

A Modeling Methodology for Manned and Manned and Unmanned Aircraft in a Close Airspace Environment ...... 1970 D. Schrage, D. Stringer

The NASA/Army Autonomous Rotorcraft Project...... 1976 M. Whalley, M. Takahashi, G. Schulein, M. Freed, D. Christian, A. Patterson-Hine, R. Harris

Situational Awareness Through Airborne Manned and Unmanned System Technology ...... 1990 B. Moreland, M. Ennis

An Exploration of Discontinuous Time Synchronous Averaging Using Helicopter Flight Vibration Data...... 2000 E. Huff, M. Mosher, E. Barszcz

ROTORCRAFT DEVELOPMENT LESSONS LEARNED

Mil Helicopters in the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster...... 2012 A. Belov, G. Karapetian, M. Rozhdestyvenskiy, A. Siafukov, M. Tishcenko

UNCONVENTIONAL VTOL AIRCRAFT DESIGN SPECIAL SESSION

AHS Forum 59 - Special Session Unconventional VTOL Aircraft Designs (UVADs) The Next Generation CarterCopter (NxCC): Transformational Technology for a Paradigm Shift in VTOL Aviation ...... 2024 J. Carter Jr.

High Speed VTOL Aircraft using PARWINGTM Technology (Parallel Axis Rotary WING)...... 2056 M. LaBiche

The X-Hawk VTOL Utility Vehicle...... 2092 R. Yoeli

A Dual-Fan VTOL Aircraft Using Opposed Lateral Tilting for Pitch Control...... 2120 G. Gress

The First Human Powered Hover: The Human Powered Helicopter Project...... 2143 W. Patterson

STOVL CONCEPTS

Italian V/STOL Concepts of the Twentieth Century...... 2161 M. Hirschberg, T. Muller, E. Pinero

An Examination of Selected Problems in Rotor Blade Structural Mechanics and Dynamics Analysis...... 2177 A. Hopkins, R. Ormiston

Opposed Lateral Tilting (OLT) for Hover Pitch Control...... 2198 G. Gress

The Georgia Tech VTOL UAV Testbed – the GTMAX, as an Open System for Uav Research and Development...... 2213 D. Schrage, E. Johnson

Evaluation of Low-Noise, Improved-Bearing-Contact Spiral Bevel Gears...... 2219 D. Lewicki, R. Woods

Technology Assessment and Transition Management (TATM): Improving Technology Transition and Reducing Risk in Fielding New Aviation Technologies ...... 2240 S. Parker, R. Brown, J. Cox, M. McDaniel

Biodynamic Response Mitigation to Shock Loads Using Magnetorheological Seat Suspensions ...... 2269 Y. Choi, N. Wereley

"Personal Aircraft"(TM): Safe in VTOL Mode, Fuel-Efficient in FF Mode, Mechanically Simple ...... 2282 N/A

Author Index