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PHILIPPINES MINDANAO JOBS REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized a STRATEGY of MINDANAO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

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PHILIPPINES MINDANAO JOBS REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized a STRATEGY of MINDANAO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PHILIPPINES MINDANAO JOBS REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized A STRATEGY OF MINDANAO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized June 2017 A World Bank report, with the support of the Australia-World Bank Philippines Development Trust Fund and the Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-building Transitions This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2017. Doing Business 2017: Equal Opportunity for All. Washington, DC: World Bank. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0948-4. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-0948-4 ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-0984-2 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0948-4 ISSN: 1729-2638 Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................. i Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................................. vii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. The Development Challenge in Mindanao .................................................................................................................. 4 3. A Strategy for Mindanao Regional Development ...................................................................................................... 10 4. Realizing the High Potential of Mindanao’s Agriculture ............................................................................................ 15 5. Building Up Logistics and Transport Connectivity ...................................................................................................... 26 6. Improving Power and ICT Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 39 6.1 Ensuring Adequate Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution....................................................... 39 6.2 Creating Internet Services ................................................................................................................................. 44 7. Supporting Private Investment ..................................................................................................................................... 51 7.1 Preparing for a Skill-based Economy in Mindanao .................................................................................. 51 7.2 Overcoming Burdensome Business Regulations ........................................................................................... 56 7.3 Better Access to Finance .................................................................................................................................. 61 7.4 Improving Land Management Policy in Urban Areas ..................................................................................... 64 8. Economic Policies to Reduce Conflict ......................................................................................................................... 67 9. Highlights of the Proposed Strategy for Mindanao Regional Development ......................................................... 78 Annex I: Regression analysis of the impact of minimum wage requirements on manufacturing employment ....... 87 References ............................................................................................................................................................................ 89 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Average annual GDP growth in Mindanao, the rest of the Philippines, and neighboring countries, 1975–2014, percent ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2: The jobs challenge in Mindanao ..................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 3: Poverty and vulnerability, farmers and fisherfolk in Mindanao, 2012, percent ............................................ 7 Figure 4: Average savings of farmers and fisherfolk households by Economic Decile, Luzon and Mindanao, 2012 . 8 Figure 5: Urban and rural poverty in Mindanao, 2003 and 2012, percent .................................................................... 8 Figure 6: Incidence of poverty in major Mindanao cities, 2003 and 2012, percent ..................................................... 9 Figure 7: How to unlock Mindanao’s agriculture potential ............................................................................................ 13 Figure 8: Regional production as share of total agricultural production in the Philippines, 2014, percent .............. 15 Figure 9: Crops produced in Mindanao as a share of total production, 2014, percent .............................................. 15 Figure 10: Smallholders and rural development jobs strategy ....................................................................................... 17 Figure 11: Agriculture value-added growth in Mindanao, 1975–2014 ............................................................................ 18 Figure 12: Index of agriculture value-added, Mindanao, Luzon, and the Visayas, constant 2000 prices, 1975–2011 . 18 Figure 13: Average productivity by crop, Mindanao, Luzon and the Visayas, 1990–2013 ............................................ 18 Figure 14: Productivity by crop, Mindanao and neighboring countries, 1990–2013 ..................................................... 18 Figure 15: Awareness and use of extension services, percent, 2015 .............................................................................. 20 Figure 16: Regional budgets (per hectare) of non-irrigated irrigable land, 2003 and 2014, PHP millions .................. 22 Figure 17: Irrigation development by region, 2015, percent .......................................................................................... 22 Figure 18: Farm-to-market logistics issues in Mindanao ................................................................................................. 27 Figure 19: Rural Barangays not connected to a national highway, by region, 2010, percent ....................................... 28 Figure 20: Mindanao’s power issues .................................................................................................................................. 40 Figure 21: Share of households with electricity, regions in the Philippines, percent, 2014 .......................................... 40 Figure 22: Mindanao’s internet policy
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