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HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK the Updated Edition of the History and Geography Series Consists of a Textbook and Workbook

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HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK the Updated Edition of the History and Geography Series Consists of a Textbook and Workbook TEXTBOOK Updated edition HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK The updated edition of the History and Geography series consists of a textbook and workbook. Both re- sources are focused on satisfying the educational needs of the students and on providing the necessary tools that will guide them in the learning process. Historical thinking skills are reinforced through the study of facts and historic processes based on cause and effect analysis, primary and secondary sources, and Updated the study of lives, societies and different time periods. To provide greater access to our content, the series edition is available in digital and printed format. Educational Resources AND GEOGRAPHY HISTORY Textbook Digital format z Activities that reinforce Norman Webb’s depth z Available in the following platforms: of knowledge levels Android™, Apple™, Microsoft™ z Literacy Workshops for History Content z Picture gallery z Videos z Historical Thinking Skills Workshop z Links z Special sections that provide a Spanish version of the History and Geography multidisciplinary approach series AMERICA z Study Guides and Cumulative Reviews z Puerto Rico z Glossary and Maps z América Workbook z El Mundo ISBN 978-1-61875-574-2 gruposantillanapr.com 9 781618 755742 The textbook America, part of the History and Geography series, is a collective work conceived, designed, and created by Ediciones Santillana, Inc. Content Director: Mayra L. Méndez Barreto Executive Editor: Susan E. Díaz Boria Translator: IsmarieMUESTRA Díaz Flores Débora WeaverVENTA Guzmán DEEditors: Shakira M. Acevedo Cosme EuniceSU Castro Camacho Alma V. Sánchez Rivera We would like to thank the following educators Contributing Writers: for their collaboration and recommendations: Jessica Collazo Sueiras Gustavo F. Acosta Cruz María Laboy Acosta Yamilet Soto Colom Sheilla Liz Burgos Burgos Johanna Ferrán Proofreading: Tayra Meléndez Jorge De Jesús SocorroEJEMPLAR Montes Ángel Nieves Richard History of America Adviser: Jorge Nieves PROHIBIDARivera Dra. Lolliannette Emmanuelli Ferrer Arleen Pujols Ramírez Professor at the University of Puerto Rico in Cayey This is your book This educational project, where you will learn about the development of America from its beginnings to the present day, will be your companion during this semester to make a contribution to your historical and cultural knowledge. We have designed and organized the textbook America, part of the History and Geography updated series, thinking about your generation. The study of historical facts and processes will enable you to understand that human beings construct their future and collaborate with that of his or her country. Based on the analysis of causes and effects, lives, societies, and eras, you will strengthen your skills to make historical decisions that contribute positively to society. We have built diverse educational resources in this project, and your book will also be available in digital format. In the following pages, we explain the structure of each particular section and its design goals. We wish you success in the school year, and remember that you are part of history! The Editors Chapter Opening The chapter opening is found at the beginning of each chapter. It features an image related to the topic of the chapter, some questions to stimulate reflection, as well as the learning objectives of the chapter. MUESTRA VENTA DE Content SU Concepts are highlighted in blue and are defined in the Glossary, which can be found in the final pages of the book. There are also special sections and activities located at the end of each topic. In these activities, the student applies Norman Webb’s depth of knowledge levels. Special Segments Heritage shows a place, Heritage Environment Humanity Historiographic National History Park: Chemical-Free Food Censorship Reference a structure, or a tradition of Citadel, Sans Souci, and In 1803, French researcher In the 18th century, censorship Defense of the People Ramiers Nicolas Appert found a way of was common. Different institutions, “The continuation of authority in historical, EJEMPLARcultural, or natural The Sans Souci Palace, the preserving food in hermetically both ecclesiastical and royal, the same person has frequently sealed containers using heat. were in charge of controlling all buildings of Ramiers and the proved the undoing of democratic Then, he won a prize offered by published material and limiting value to humanity. Environment Citadel were built in Haiti towards governments. Repeated elections Napoleon to whoever invented a free access to them. The reason the beginning of the 19th century, are essential to the system of method for preserving perishable for this prohibition was that books offers a situation to reflect on when the country declared its popular government, because there food for a long time. Nowadays, were the ideal medium to spread independence. Their construction is nothing so dangerous as to suffer there are other food preservation doctrinal attitudes, intellectual the protection and enjoyment was ordered by the leader of the Power to be vested for a long time PROHIBIDAHaitian Revolution, Jean- Jacques methods. Among them, the one that movements, and ideologies.This in one citizen. The people become causes many worries is the use of caused fear among authorities and Dessalines. This national park accustomed to obeying him, and he of nature. Humanity presents chemical substances. Chemical constituted power, who considered represents the universal symbols of becomes accustomed to comman- additives prevent food spoilage, but many of these ideas dangerous and liberty: these were the first structures ding, hence the origin of usurpation consumed in large quantities, they unacceptable. an event or situation for the built by freed Black slaves. The park and tyranny.” in which the buildings are located can result harmful and detrimental for health. implementation of universal was declared a World Heritage site Simón Bolívar, Address of Bolívar at by the UNESCO in 1982. the Congress of Angostura, February values. Historiographic 15, 1819 Reference provides historians’ quotes related to the study topic. Study Guide and Cumulative Review The Study Guide helps students review the concepts and topics of each chapter. In addition, a Cumulative Review is included every other chapter for students to integrate the acquired knowledge. Language and Historical Thinking This workshop consists of working on linguistic and communication skills through History. It includes three different activities that are repeated several times throughout the chapters. These activities work on reading, writing, linguistic concepts, and listening and speaking skills. MUESTRA Historical DocumentVENTA DEThis workshop presents a historical document, which students must analyze while applying generic historical thinking skills.SU Outstanding Lives and Multidisciplinary Approach Outstanding Lives presents a prominent figure in History. Multidisciplinary Approach combines a discipline or topic with the study of history. EJEMPLAR PROHIBIDATravel Guide General facts from an American country are presented in this section. Using pictures and information, places of historic and ecologic interest are emphasized. The activities promote the search of additional information and are divided in three steps: Research, Plan, and Share. Table of contents 1. Geography of the Americas 6 2. Birth of a New Continent 38 • The Americas Special Sections • The First Settlers Special Sections • The Americas and their • Language and Historical • Mesoamerican • Language and Historical Environment Thinking: Reading - Civilizations Thinking: Linguistic Modes of Indigenous Concepts - Punctuation: • Natural Resources • The Andean Empire Resistance End Marks • Population in the • Other American Cultures • Historical Document: • Historical Document: Americas Tordesillas Treaty • Study Guide Architecture of the • Study Guide Precolumbian Period • Outstanding Lives: Oscar • Cumulative Review Precolumbian Period Niemayer • Outstanding Lives: Mario • Multidisciplinary Vargas Llosa Approach: Landscape • Multidisciplinary architecture Approach: Nobel Prize in Literature • Travel Guide: Brazil Literature • Travel Guide: Peru 3. The Colonization of America 72 4. The Struggle for Independence 108 • The Expansion of Special Sections • TheMUESTRA Causes of Special Sections Europe • Language and Historical Independence • Language and Historical • The Conquest of Thinking: Reading - • The Enlightenment: A Thinking: Writing America Migration Movements New World ViewVENTA• Historical Document: Two • European Supremacy in • Historical Document: • The Independence of Routes to Build a Canal: America Mestizaje in America DEthe Thirteen Colonies Panama or Nicaragua • Political and Economic • Outstanding Lives: Gael • The French and Haitian • Outstanding Lives: Rubén Organization in the García Bernal Revolutions Blades Americas SU • Multidisciplinary • Crisis in Spain • Multidisciplinary Approach: The Latin Approach: Salsa Music • Social Organization in • The Independence of American Cinema America the Americas • Travel Guide: Panama • Travel Guide: Mexico • Other Colonizing • Study Guide Nations • Cumulative Review • Study Guide 5. Nation Building 146 • The Effects of Independence Special Sections • Mexico andEJEMPLAR Central America • Language and Historical Thinking: Linguistic Concepts- Compound Words, Blended Words, and Clipped Words • Bolivarian Countries • Historical Document: Simón Bolívar’s Letter to
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